剑桥雅思听力易错榜单系列文章之剑四Section 1
剑桥雅思4Test4听力Section-1答案+解析
剑桥雅思4Test4 听力Sectio n-1答案+解析剑桥雅思4Test4听力Section 1 答案+解析Section 1 谈话场景：筹备告别会。
人物关系：关系亲密的同事。
谈话话题：讨论将给要离开的同事开告别会的有关事宜：时间、地点、邀请人员、礼物等。
交际与语言表达1.这部分考查的是一个日常生活场景一一为要离开的同学/同事举办一个告别晚会。
其中涉及到活动举办的地点和时间、邀请人员、何时发岀邀请、活动项目以及需携带的物品等。
2. “1 think a hotel will probably work out rather expensive, and I 've been looking at the College Dining Room. ”我觉得去酒店太贵了，我一直在考虑学校的餐厅。
“work out ”表示“解决，解答,做出，制订出，消耗完”的意思。
例如：It will work out rather expensive.这样做成本很高。
“be looking at ”表示“留心，注意”。
3. “ We usually go round with an envelope during coffee break, don 't we? ”我们通常在喝咖啡的休息室带着信封顺便过去，不是吗？“Coffee Break”这个词早在1952年就出现在报刊上了，《咖啡的益处》中说：“只需清晨的一杯咖啡就足以使我们拥有顺利度过一天的好心情。
这也正是工作休息时间喝咖啡的意义所在。
”管理者发现“Coffee Break ”作为一种办公室文化，不但可以激发员工的创意和灵感，提升工作的热情与专注，而且还是一种特殊的沟通方式。
现在公司开设的“Coffee Break ” 都是了解咖啡、互相沟通、提升公司形象的良好模式。
接待客户抑或朋友小聚，如果您可以不经意间对咖啡的“前世今生”侃侃而谈，那必将令对方刮目相看。
雅思4听力文本(可编辑打印).doc
Test 4-1 listeningSECTION 4-1-1MAN: Good morning.WOMAN: Good morning. How can I help you?MAN: I understand that the school organises.. . umm, trips to different...WOMAN: Yes, we run five every month: three during weekends and two Wednesday afternoon trips. Exarnpl MAN: What sort of places?WOMAN: Well, obviously it varies, but always places of historical interest and also which offera variety of shopping, because our students always ask about that. . . and then we go for ones Q1where we know there are guided tours, because this gives a good focus for the visit. Q2 MAN: Do you travel far?WOMAN: Well, we’re lucky here, obviously, because we’re able to say that all our visits are less than three hours drive.MAN: How much do they cost?WOMAN:Again it varies -between five and fifteen pounds a head, depending on distance.MAN: Ahha...WOMAN: Oh, and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are more than twelve people. Q3 MAN: Oh right, I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally?WOMAN: We try to keep it pretty fixed so that, that students get to know the pattern.We leave at eight-thirty a.m. and return at six p.m. We figure it’s best to keep the day fairly short. MAN: Oh yes. And how do we reserve a place?WOMAN: You sign your name on the notice board. Do you know where it is? Q4 MAN: Ah ha. I saw it this morning.WOMAN: And we do ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we’ve got enough people interested to run it, and we can cancel if necessary, with full refund of course.MAN: That’s fine, thanks.MAN: And what visits are planned for this term?WOMAN: Right, well I’m afraid the schedule hasn’t been printed out yet, but we have confirmed the dates and planned the optional extra visits which you can also book in advance if you want to.MAN: Oh that’s all right. If you can just give some idea of the weekend ones so I can, you know, work out when to see friends, etcetera.WOMAN: Oh sure. Well, the first one is St Ives. That’s on the thirteenth of February and Q5 we’ll have only sixteen places available `cos we’re going by minibus. And that’s a day in town withthe optional extra of visiting the Hepworth Museum.MAN: Oh right.. . yeah. . . that sounds good.WOMAN: Then there’s a London trip on the sixteenth of February and we’ll be taking a medium-sized coach so there’ll be forty-five places on that, and, let’s see, the optional extra is the Tower of London. Q6 MAN: Oh, I’ve already been there. -WOMAN: After that there’s Bristol on the third of March. Q7 MAN: Where?WOMAN: Bristol. . . B-R-I-S-T-O-L.MAN: OK...WOMAN: That’s in a different minibus with eighteen places available, oh, and the optional extra is a visit to the S.S. Great Britain.MAN: OK...WOMAN: We’re going to Salisbury on the eighteenth of March and that’s always a popular one because the optional extra is Stonehenge, so we’re taking the large coach with fifty seats.MAN: Oh good.WOMAN: And then the last one is to Bath on the twenty-third of March.MAN: Oh yes. Is Bath the Roman city?WOMAN: Yes, that’s right, and that’s in the sixteen-seater minibus.MAN: And where’s the optional visit?WOMAN: It’s to the American Museum -well worth a visit. Q8MAN: OK, well that’s great, thanks for all that...WOMAN: My pleasure. By the way, if you want more information about any of the trips,have a look in the student newspaper. Q9MAN: OK.WOMAN: Or, have a word with my assistant; her name is Jane Yentob -that’s Y-E-N-T-O-B. Q10MAN: Right, I’ve got that Thank you very much for all your help.WOMAN: You’re very welcome. I hope you enjoy the trips.SECTION 4-1-2Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit I’m just going to give you a brief account of the history of the museum before letting you roam about on your own. I won’t keep you long. OK?Now, from where we’re standing you’ve got a good view of the river over there. And it was because of this fast-flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood, all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time. Q11 Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe? At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge Q12 just behind the village here, on the bend in the river. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the region’s rivers supported more than a hundred and water mills -and many of these continued to operate well into Q13 the nineteenth century. But then the steam engine was invented and then the railways came and the centres of industry were able to move away from the rivers and the countryside and into the towns. So, industrial villages like this one became very rare.So that’s the history for you. If you’d like any more information, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guide book.Now I’m going to give you a plan of the site and I’d just like to point out where everything is and then you can take a look at everything for yourself.I’ve already pointed out the river, which is on the left. And of course, running along the bottom is Q14 Woodside Road, got it? OK. Now we’re standing at the entrance, see it at the bottom, and immediately to our right is the Ticket Office. You won’t need that because you’ve got your group booking, Q15 but just past it are the toilets -always good to know where - they are. In front of us is the car park, as you can see, and to the left, by the entry gate is the Gift Shop. That’s where you can get copies of the guide, Q16 like this one here. Now, beyond the car park all the buildings are arranged in a half circle with a yard in the middle. The big, stone building at the top is the main Workshop. Q17 That’s where the furnace is and where all the metal was smelted and the tools were cast, as you’ll be able to see. Now, in the top right-hand corner, that building with bigger windows is the Showroom, Q18 where samples of all the tools that were made through the ages are on display. In the top left corner is the Grinding Shop, where the tools were sharpened and finished. And on one side of that you can see the Engine Room and on the other is the Cafe, which isn’t an antique, you’ll be pleased to know, Q19 though they do serve very nice old-fashioned teas.The row of buildings you can see on the left are the cottages. These were built for the workers Q20 towards the end of the eighteenth century and they’re still furnished from that period so you can get a good idea of ordinary people’s living conditions. Across the yard from them, you can see the stables where the horses were kept for transporting the products. And the separate building in front of them is the Works Office andthat-still has some of the old accounts on display.Right, if anyone wants a guided tour then I’m starting at the Engine Room. If you’d like to come along, this way please, ladies and gentlemen.SECTION 4-1-3MELANIE: Excuse me, Dr Johnson. May I speak to you for a minute?DR JOHNSON: Sure. Come in.MELANIE: I’m Melanie Griffin. I’m taking your course in Population Studies.DR JOHNSON: Right. Well, Melanie, how can I help you?MELANIE: I’m. . . having a bit of trouble with the second assignment, and it’s due in twelve days.DR JOHNSON: What sort of trouble are you having? Is the assignment question a problem?MELANIE: Well, that’s part of the problem. I’m also having -been having -trouble getting hold of the books. I’ve been to the library several times, and all the books are out.DR JOHNSON: Sounds like you should have started borrowing books a bit earlier.MELANIE: Well, I had a really big assignment due in for another course, and I’ve been spending Q21 all my time on that, and I thought. - -DR JOHNSON: . . . you might get an extension of time to finish your assignment for me?MELANIE: If that’s possible, but I don’t know...DR JOHNSON: Well, yes, it is possible, but extensions are normally given only for medical or Q22 compassionate reasons, otherwise it’s really a question of organising your study,and we don’t like giving extensions to students who simply didn’t plan their work properly.What did you get for your first assignment?MELANIE: I got eighty-seven per cent.DR JOHNSON: Mmm, yes, you did very well indeed, so obviously you can produce good work. MELANIE: I don’t think I’ll need too much extra time, as long as I can get hold of some of the important references.DR JOHNSON: Well, since you did so well in your first assignment, I’m prepared to give you an extra two weeks for this one, so that’ll mean you’ll need to submit it about a month from now. MELANIE: Thank you.DR JOHNSON: Now, what about the reading materials? Have you checked out the journal articles in the list? MELANIE: Umm, no, not yet, there were about twenty of them, and I wasn’t sure which ones would be most useful or important.DR JOHNSON: Well, they’re all useful, but I don’t expect anyone to read them all, because a number of them deal with the same issues. Let me give you some suggestions. The article by Anderson andHawker is really worth reading.MELANIE: Right, I’ll read that one.DR JOHNSON: You should also read the article by Jackson, but just look at the part on theresearch methodology -how they did it. Q23 MELANIE: OK. . . Jackson, got that...DR JOHNSON: And if you have time, the one by Roberts says very relevant things, although it’s not essential. MELANIE: So, OK, if it’s useful, I’ll try and read that one... Q24 DR JOHNSON: Now, the one by Morris. I wouldn’t bother with that at this stage, if I were you. Q25 MELANIE: OK, I won’t bother with Moms. Oh, now, someone told me the article by Cooper is important. DR JOHNSON: Well, yes, in a way, but just look at the last part, where he discusses the research results. Q26 And lastly, there’s Forster -I can’t think why I included that one.It’s not bad and could be of some help, but not that much. Q27 DR JOHNSON: Now, let’s deal with the assignment question. What’s the problem there?MELANIE: It’s the graph on page two.DR JOHNSON: What seems to be the problem? It’s just the bar graph showing reasons why people change where they live.MELANIE: Well, I’ve got a photocopy but the reasons at the bottom are missing.DR JOHNSON: OK. Look at the first bar on the graph -now that indicates the number of people who move because they want more space.MELANIE: Oh I see . .. bar one. OK. . . Now what about the next bar?DR JOHNSON: Bar two is to do with the people living nearby disturbing them, so they chose to Q28 move away to somewhere quieter. Now let’s look at bar number three.. another reasonpeople change their place of living is because they want to be closer to the city.MELANIE: OK. Proximity to the city is an issue...DR JOHNSON: Now. . . bar number four refers to problems when the owner of the property won’t help fix things that go wrong. In other words, the owner is not helpful and so Q29the tenants move out.MELANIE: OK. . . now what about bar five?DR JOHNSON: Bar five is about those people who move because they need a bus or train to get them into the city or to go to work.MELANIE: OK. . . and bar six?DR JOHNSON: Bar number six is interesting. That reason was given quite a lot -people moving because they wanted to be in a more attractive neighbourhood. Q30 MELANIE: Oh, yes, thank you very much.SECTION 4-1-4Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape.There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate, and how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment for us to live in. Q31 Trees can have a significant impact on our cities. They can make a city, as a whole, a bit less windy ora bit more windy, if that’s what you want. They can make it a bit cooler if it’s a hot summer day in Q32an Australian city, or they can make it a bit more humid if it’s a dry inland city. On the local scale -that is, Q33 in particular areas within the city -trees can make the local area more shady, cooler, more humid and Q34 much less windy. In fact trees and planting of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas. How do trees do all that, you ask? Q35 Well, the main difference between a tree and a building is a tree has got an internal mechanism tokeep the temperature regulated. It evaporates water through its leaves and that means that the temperature Q36 of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature. The temperature of a building surface ona hot sunny day can easily be twenty degrees more than our temperature. Trees, on the other hand, remain cooler than buildings because they sweat. This means that they can humidify the air and cool it -a property which can be exploited to improve the local climate.Trees can also help break the force of winds. The reason that high buildings make it windier at ground Q37 level is that, as the wind goes higher and higher, it goes faster and faster. When the wind hits the building,it has to go somewhere. Some of it goes over the top and some goes around the sides of the building, forcing those high level winds down to ground level. That doesn’t happen when you have trees. Q38 Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it, preventing those very large strong gusts that you so often find around tall buildings.Another problem in built-up areas is that traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings.By planting a belt of trees at the side of the road, you can make things a little quieter, but much of the vehicle noise still goes through the trees. Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings, although the effect is not as large as people like to think. Low- frequency noise, in particular, Q39 just goes through the trees as though they aren’t there.Although trees can significantly improve the local climate, they do however take up a lot of space.There are root systems to consider and branches blocking windows and so on. It may therefore be difficult tofit trees into the local landscape. There is not a great deal you can do if you have what we call a street canyon -a whole set of high-rises enclosed in a narrow street. Trees need water to grow.They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room to put them. Q40If you have the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them, then suddenly you can start looking at different ways to design the streets and to introduce... (fadeout)TEST 4-2SECTION 4-2-1SALLY: Oh, Peter, there you are. You’ve been ages. What kept you so long?PETER: I’m sorry I’m so late, Sally. Have you been waiting long? Example SALLY: Oh, half an hour. But it doesn’t matter. I’ve had a coffee and I’ve been reading this guidebook for tourists. Sit down. You look very hot and tired. What would you like to drink?PETER: I’d love a really chilled mineral water or something. Will you have another coffee? Q1 SALLY: Yes, I will. The waitress will be back in a moment. Why were you so late? Did something happen? PETER: Yes. You know I went to the bank to cash some travellers cheques? Well, the exchange rate was looking healthy, but when I went to the teller, they told me the computer system was temporarilydown, so they couldn’t do any transactions. Q2They said the problem would be fixed in a few minutes, so I waited. And then I started talking toanother guy in the bank, and I forgot the time.SALLY: Oh, really? Someone you met in the bank? Does he work there?PETER: No, he was a tourist from New York. His name’s Henry, and he’s been here for a week, Q3 but he’s moving on to Germany tomorrow. He’s an architect, and he’s spending four weekstraveling around Europe.SALLY: Just like us!PETER: Yeah, just like us. He told me the names of some places where we should eat. Great food, and not too expensive, he said. Oh, and he also gave me this map of the bus system.Q4He said he didn’t need it any more.SALLY: That’s useful. Pity he’s moving on tomorrow. Ah, here’s the waitress. Let’s order.Do you want anything to eat, or shall we just have a drink?PETER: Well, I’m hungry, and we’ve got a lot of sightseeing to do, so let’s just have a snack and a drink. Q5 SALLY: Sounds good to mc!PETER: Well, let’s decide what we’ll see today. I guess the best place to start is the Cathedral, and then the Castle. What are the opening times for those two?SALLY: Well, according to this guidebook, the Cathedral is only open from nine-thirty in the morning until midday. No, hang on. That’s the Cathedral Museum. The Cathedral itself is open morning andafternoon. The Castle is just open from one to five, so we can’t go there until after lunch. Q6I really want to spend some time in the Art Gallery, because they’ve got this wonderful painting byRembrandt that I’ve always wanted to see.PETER: What else should we see?SALLY: Well, the guidebook says the Botanical Gardens are worth spending some time in, and they’re open all day, from eight to six, so we can go there any time. I’d like to go to the Markets near the river too, but. . . oh. . . no, wait, that’s only in the mornings, too.PETER: As well as today and tomorrow, we can see some other places on Monday, you know.But I don’t think the Markets will be open then they only open on Thursdays, Q7so we’ve missed them for this week. Maybe we should go to the Cathedral today becauseit’s Sunday tomorrow, and even though it’s open every day it might be more difficult toget in tomorrow because of the church services.SALLY: That’s true, but the Art Gallery isn’t open on Sundays at all, so we’ll have to go there today.The Castle’s open every day except Mondays, so we’re OK there, and the Gardens of courseonly close at night.PETER: Are all these places free or do we have to pay to go in? What does the guidebook say?SALLY: I think there’s a charge for all of them except the Botanical Gardens. Oh, and the Markets, Q8 of course you don’t pay to go in.PETER: OK, well, it looks like our plan is this: we’ll go to see the painting you like first, the Rembrandt, Q9 then have lunch and go on to the Castle after that, and then the Cathedral.SALLY: OK. It says here that the roof of the Cathedral is really beautiful.PETER: Is that right? What I really want to do at the Cathedral is climb the tower. Q10 The view is supposed to be spectacular.SALLY: OK, well, that’ll be more than enough for today. Then, tomorrow, let’s go to the Botanical Gardens and have a picnic. I want to sit by the river and watch the swans. This city’s famous for them. SECTION 4-2-2So the counselling services we offer deal with any problems arising from your studies, or in your life outside the university. Let’s take academic counselling. If you’re confused about subjects or how to combine them in your degree, then we can advise you and discuss the career you are aiming for, so that you can see it all in context. We can also chase up your tutor if you’re not getting proper feedback on how you are getting on in your subject. Q11 Besides help with academic problems, you may also need personal counselling: if you think you’re already under stress, well, just wait till classes begin next week. You’ll have to start adjusting to teaching and learning methods that may be unfamiliar to you, as well as the mounting pressure as the deadline for that first assignment creeps up on you. And of course, you have to cope with all this without your usual Q12 social network -you know, the social contacts, family and friends you could normally rely on for help. Q13 All of this causes anxiety. Studying overseas can trigger a personal crisis -you may have left a lot of what you might call `unfinished business’ back in your own country, or you may have interrupted personal Q14 relationships or even sometimes have broken them off to come overseas, and so the student often feels lonely, unhappy, unmotivated and unable to concentrate on studying. Or there may be other things bothering you.Our resident chaplain can offer you spiritual guidance if that’s what you want, or we can put you in touch with community groups that can provide you with social contacts and friendship.What about exam stress? It affects nearly everyone to some extent, but especially overseas students like yourselves. There may be a huge amount of family pressure on you to succeed, and if you fail a subject or drop out of a course because it’s too difficult then your self-esteem can suffer. Q15But it’s not the end of the world if you don’t pass an exam -I had to resit First Year Anthropology,so I can certainly offer you a sympathetic ear! Anyway, exam failure can lead to worrying changes in the way you normally behave. You may also-be off your food, or you may have dietary problems becausethe local food is not to your liking and upsets you, and this can affect your health and studies. Q16 Glenda Roberts is our dietician in the Health Service and we can put you on to her.And we all have money problems, don’t we? But remember, full-time students can get a low-interest loan of up to six hundred dollars to buy books and for similar study-related expenses. Q17 That’s right, and you can get double that amount if you can’t afford an item of equipment you needfor your course -a musical instrument, for example. And it doesn’t stop there. When you move into a flat, Q18 starting-up expenses, including furniture for it, can be covered by a loan through the Welfare Service -see Jill Freeman for details.Can we help you? Well, last academic year, in spite of staff cuts, we counselled Q19 two hundred and forty international students for a total of twenty-six hundred hours counselling, and,finally we won all but just one of the twelve appeals that we launched on behalf of students. Not too bad for an understaffed service, don’t you think? That’s all from me. Thank you. Q20 SECTION 4-2-3ROSA: Oh, there you are, good. Sorry I’m a bit late -there was a long queue.So, have you worked out how to deal with this assignment then?MICK: Not yet, we’ve only been here a couple of minutes ourselves.ROSA: Can you just remind me what the task is exactly?PETE: Well, there are two, no, three, parts to it: first; we’ve got to write an essay about ways of collecting data. Then...ROSA: `What’s the title of the essay exactly?MICK: I’ve got it here: `Assess the two main methods of collecting_data in social science research’.Q21ROSA: And how much do we need to write?MICK: Fifteen hundred words. That’s for the essay. Then, for the second part of the assignment, Q22 we have to choose one method of data collection, and `carry out a small-scale study,making appropriate use of the method chosen to gather data from at least five subjects’. Q23ROSA: And then we have to write a report on the study?PETE: That’s right, of three to four thousand words. Q24ROSA: Did you get as far as discussing which form of data collection we should go for -questionnaire or interview, isn’t it?MICK: Yeah, I think we should use a questionnaire. It’ll be so much less time-consuming than organising interviews, I reckon. Once we’ve agreed on the wording of it, we only have to send it out andwait for the responses.ROSA: Yes, I think it probably would be quicker. But what did that article he gave us last week say about the quality of data from questionnaires?MICK: I’m pretty sure it recommended questionnaires as a source of `highly reliable data’.As long as you design the questionnaire properly in the first place, the data will be fine.ROSA: No, I’m sure it talked about drawbacks as well, didn’t it? Something about the response rate and Q25 the problems you get if it’s too low.MICK: Yeah, but we only need data from five subjects anyway.ROSA: I suppose so. Another drawback I remember it mentioned was that questionnaire data tends not to Q26 reveal anything unexpected, because it is limited to the questions fixed in advance by the researcher. MICK: Come on, Rosa. This is only a practice. It’s not meant to be real research, is it?ROSA: Well, I’m not sure about that.ROSA: Maybe I’d better go through the article again, just to be sure. Can you remember what it was called? MICK: `Sample Surveys in Social Science Research’, I think. By Mebta. Q27 ROSA: M-E-H-T-A?MICK: Yeah. And he also recommended a more recent book, called `Survey Research’, by Bell, I think. Q28 It’s in that series published by London University. Q29 PETE: And if we tried to use interviews instead, I saw a book in the departmental library that’ll be helpful: it’s called `Interviews that work’, by Wilson, published in Oxford in nineteen eighty-eight. Q30 ROSA: Right. I’ve got a tutorial now. Can we meet up again later this week? What about Friday morning? PETE: Suits me. Eleven o’clock?ROSA: Fine.MICK: Before Friday, I think we should all look through the reading list.SECTION 4-2-4So far, in these lectures, we’ve been looking at crimes like robbery and murder -both from a historical viewpoint and also in contemporary society -and we’ve seen that the preoccupation in Western society with crime and with lawlessness is part of a long and continuous tradition, rather than something which is new and unique to modern society.But over the past seventy years or so, there has been a massive increase in one type of crime, which is what’s known as `corporate crime’. Corporate crime is crime which, as the name suggests, is connected with companies, with business organisations. It includes illegal acts of either individuals or a group within Q31 the company, but what is important is that these acts are normally in accordance with the goals of the company -they’re for the good of the company rather than the individual. It’s been defined as, quote, `crime which is committed for the corporate organisation’ -the company -`not against it’, unquote.So crimes like theft by employees -things like embezzlement or fraud against one’s actual employer Q32 are excluded according to this definition. The employees may be involved but they’re acting in the first place for the company -they may not even realise they’re committing a crime or they may realise but they feel it’s excusable because it’s policy, or because otherwise they may lose their jobs. So here, really, we’re talking about the links between power and crime.Now, this is one area that much less is generally known about than conventional or traditional crime.It has been relatively ignored by the mass media -for example, it tends to be under-reported in comparison Q33 with conventional crime in news broadcasts, and in crime serials and films and so on -they very rarely deal with corporate crime. And it also tends to be ignored in academic circles -there’s been far more research on Q34 conventional crime and far more data is available.There are several reasons for this lack of interest in corporate crime, compared with other types of crime. It’s often very complex, whereas with conventional crime it’s usually possible to follow what’s going on without specialist knowledge. As well as this, whereas conventional crime usually has a lot of Q35 human interest, corporate crime often has much less. The third reason, and possibly the most significant one,is that very often the victims are unaware -they think their misfortune is an accident or that it’s the fault of Q36 no-one in particular. They’re unaware that they’ve been victims of a crime.So, when we look at the effects of corporate crime we may find it’s very difficult to assess the costs.But these costs can be very considerable in both their economic and social aspects.Let’s look at the economic costs first. For example, if a company is producing fruit juice and it dilutesits product so that it’s just a little below the concentration it should be, many millions of people may be paying a small amount extra for their carton of orange juice. Now small amounts like this may seem insignificant for individual customers -too small to worry about -but for the company this deception might result in Q37 massive illegal profit.However, all studies of corporate crime agree that the individuals are in fact Q38 deprived of far more money by such crime than they are by conventional crime like robbery and theft.In addition to this, we have to consider the social costs of corporate crime and these are again very difficult to assess, but they are considerable. They’re important because they can undermine the faith of the public in the business world and also, more importantly, because the main group of people they affect are,in fact, not the richer sections of society but the poorer -so here companies are robbing the poor to benefit the rich.There are two more points to do with corporate crime that I’d like to illustrate with reference toa specific event which occurred several years ago. This was an explosion of a large oil tanker which causedthe loss of more than fifty lives of the crew. It was an explosion which never should have happened and a subsequent inquiry laid the blame not on anyone who had actually been on the tanker at the time, but on the owners of the tanker. They had deliberately decided not to carry out necessary repair work on the tanker as it was due to be sold, and it was this lack of repair work which was directly responsible for the explosion.Now this illustrates two points to do with corporate crime. First of all, that it does not have to be intentional. The owners of the tanker certainly did not intend it to explode. But very serious consequences can result from people or organisations not considering the possible results of their actions seriously enough.The main crime here was indifference to the human results rather than actual intention to harm anyone. Q39but that didn’t make the results any less tragic. & Q40 And this leads me to my second point -that corporate crime can have very severe consequences.It’s not just a matter of companies making bigger profits than they should do, but of events which may affect the lives of innocent people, and yet very often companies, because they say they didn’t intend to harm anyone, can avoid taking responsibility for the results of their actions. And that has been a very dangerous loophole in the law.A further example of corporate crime was... (fade our)TEST 4-3SECTION 4-3-1LYNDA: Sara, I’ve heard that you want to move into a homestay family. Is that correct?SARA: Yes, that’s right. I’ve been staying with my aunt and now my cousin is arriving from Singapore and my aunt needs the room for him.LYNDA: Oh, that’s bad luck. Well, I’ll need to get some particulars first. Sara, what’s your full name? SARA: Sara Lim, and that’s Sara without the `h’ at the end. Example LYNDA: Mmm. How old are you, Sara?。
雅思剑桥真题4听力Test1原文_1
雅思剑桥真题4听力Test1原文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－C4T1S1Good morning.Good morning. How can I help you?I understand that the school organizes trips to different……Yes, we run five every month: three during weekends and two Wednesday afternoon trips.What sort of places?Well, obviously it varies, but always places of historical interest and also which offer a variety of shopping, because our students always ask about that and then we go for ones where we know there are guided tours, because this gives a good focus for the visit.Do you travel far?Well, we’re lucky here, obviously, because we‘re able to say that all our visits are less than three hours drive.How much do they cost?Again it varies-between 5 and 15 pounds a head, depending on distance. Oh, and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are more than 12 people.Oh right, I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally? We try to keep it pretty fixed so that, that students get to know the pattern.We leave at eight-thirty a.m. and return at six p.m.We figure it’s best to keep the day fairly short.Oh yes. And how do we reserve a place?You sign your name on the notice board. Do you know where it is?Ah ha. I saw it this morning.And we do ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we’ve got enough people interested to run it, and we can cancel if necessary, with full refund of course.That’s fine, thanks.And what visits are planned for this term?Right, well I’m afraid the schedule hasn’t been print ed out yet, but we have confirmed the dates and planned the optional extra visits which you can also book in advance if you want to.Oh, that’s all right. If you can just give some idea of the weekend ones so I can, you know, work out when to see friends, etcetera. Oh, sure. Well, the first one is St. Ives. That’s on the thirteen th of February and we’ll have only sixteen places available of course we’re going by mini bus.And that’s a day in town with the optional extra of visiting the Hepworth Museum.Oh right, yeah, that sounds good.Umm, then there’s London trip on the sixteenth of February and we’llbe taking a medium-sized coach so there’ll be forty-five places on that, a nd let’s see, the optional extra is the Tower of London. Oh, I’ve already been there.Err, after that there’s Bristol on the third of March.Where?Bristol.OK.That’s in a different minibus with eighteen places available, oh, and the optional extra is a visit to the S.S. Great Britain.OK.We’re going to Sail sbury on the eighteenth of March and that’s always a popular one because the optional extra is Stonehenge, so we’re taking the large coach with fifty seats.Oh good.And then the last one is to Bath on the twenty-third of March.Oh yes, is Bath the Roman city?Y yes, that’ right, and that’s in the sixteen-seater minibus.And w here’s the optional visit?It’s to the American Museum-well worth a visit.Ok, well that’s great. Thanks for all that.My pleasure.By the way, if you want more information about any of the trips, have a look in the student newspaper.OK.Or, have a word with my assistant, her name is Jane Yentob.Right. I’ve got that. Thank you very much for all your help.You’re very welcome. I hope you enjoy the trips.C4T1S2Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit, I’m just going to give you a brief account of the history of the museum before letting you roam about on your own.I won’t keep you long. OK?Now, from where we’re standing you’ve got a good view of the river over there.And it was because of this fast-flowing water, that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works.The water, and the availability of the raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood, all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time.Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe?At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river.By the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries the region’s rivers supported more than a hundred and sixty water mills-and many of these continued to operate well into the nineteenth century.But then the steam engine was invented and then the railways came and the centers of industries were able to move away from the rivers and countryside and into the towns.So, industrial villages like this one became very rare.So that’s the histo ry for you.If you’d like any more information, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guide book.Now I’m going to give you a plan of site and I’d just like to point out where everything is and then you can take a look at everything for yourself.I’ve already pointed out the river, which is on the left. And of course, running along the bottom is Woodside Road, got it? OK.Now we’re standing at the entrance, see it at the bottom, and immediately to our right is the Ticket Office.You won’t need that because you’ve got your group booking, but just past it are the toilets-always good to know where they are.In front of us is the car park, as you can see, and to the left, by the entry gate is the Gift Shop.That’s where you can get copies of the guide, like this one here. Now, beyond the car park all the buildings are arranged in a half circle with a yard in the middle.The big, stone building at the top is the main Workshop.That’s where the furnace is and where all the metal was smelted and the tools were cast, as you’ll be able to see.Now in the top right-hand corner, that building with bigger windows is the Showroom, where samples of all the tools that were made through the ages are on display.In the top left corner is the Grinding Shop, where the tools were sharpened and finished.And on one side of that you can see the Engine Room, and on the other is the Café, which isn’t an antique, you’ll be pleased to know, though they do serve very nice old-fashion teas.The row of buildings you can see on the left are the cottages.These were built for the workers towards the end of the eighteenth century and they’re still furnished from that period so you can get a good idea of ordinary people’s living conditions.Across the yard from them, you can see the stables where the horses were kept for transporting the products.And the separate building in front of them is the Works Office and that still has some of the old accounts on display.Right, if anyone wants a guided tour then I’m starting at the Engine Room.If you’d like to come along, this way please, ladies and gentlemen.C4T1S3You’ll hear M a student, talking to one of her lecturers about her studies.Excuse me, Dr. Johnson. May I speak to you for minute?Sure, come in.I’m M. I’m taking your course in population studies.Right, well, M, how can I help you?I’m having a bit of t rouble with the second assignment, and it’s due in twelve days.What sort of trouble are you having? Is the assignment question a problem?Well, that’s part of the problem. I’m also having……been having-getting hold of the books. I’ve been to the library several times and all the books are out.Sound like you should have started borrowing books a bit earlier. Well, I had a really big assignment due in for another course, and I’ve been spending all my time on that, and I thought……You might get an extension of time to finish your assignment for me? If that’s possible, but I don’t know……Well, yes, it is possible, but extensions are normally given only for medical or compassionate reasons. Otherwise, that’s really a question of organizing your study, and we d on’t like giving extensions to students who simply didn’t plan their work properly. What did you get your first assignment?I got eighty-seven percent.Yes, you did very well indeed. So obviously you can produce good work.I don’t think I need too much extra time, as long as I can get hold of some the important references.Well, since you did so well in your first assignment, I’m prepare to give you an extra two weeks for this one. So that’ll mean you need to submit it about a month from now.Oh, thank you.Now, what about the reading materials? Have you checked out the journal articles in the list?No, not yet. There were about twenty of them and I wasn’t sure which ones would be most useful or important.Well, they are all useful. But I don’t expect any one to read them all, because a number of them deal with the same issues. And let me giveyou some suggestions. The articles by Anderson and Hawker is really worth reading. Right, I’ll read that one.You should also read the article by Jackson, but just look at the part on the research methodology-how they did it.Ok, Johnson, got that.And if you have time, the one by Roberts says very relevant thing, although it’s not essential. So……Ok, if it’s useful I’ll try to read that one.Now, the one by Morris. I w ouldn’t bother with that at this stage if I were you.Ok, I won’t bother with Morris. Oh now, someone tell me the article by Cooper is important.Well, yes, in the way, but just look at the last part, where he discuss es the research results. And lastly, there is Forster. I can’t think why I include d that one. It’s not bad, and could be of some help, but not that much.Now, let’s deal with the assignment question. What’s the problem there?It’s the graph on page two.W hat seems to be the problem? It’s just the bar graph, showing reasons why people change where they live.Well, I’ve got the photocopy, but the reason at the bottom are missing. Ah, Ok, look at the first bar on the graph. Now that indicated the number of people who move because they want more space.Oh, I see, bar one, Ok. Now what about the next bar?Bar two is to do with people living nearby disturbing them, so they choose to move away to somewhere quiet er. Now let’s look at bar number three, another reason people change their place of living is because they want to be closer to the city.Ok, proximity to the city is an issue.Now, bar number four refers to problems when the owner of property won’t help fix thing that go wrong. In other word, the owner is not helpful, and so the tenants move out.Ok, now what about bar five?Bar five is about those people who move because they need a bus or train to get them into the city or to go to work.Ok, and bar six?Bar number six is interesting, that reason is given quite a lot. People moving because they want to be in a more attractive neighborhood. Oh, yes, thank you very much.C4T1S4Good day, ladies and gentlemen.I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape. There’re two major area that I’l l focus on in my talk: How vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate? And how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment for us to live in.Trees can have a significant impact on our cities.They can make a city as a whole, a bit less windy or a bit more windy if that’s what you want.They can make it a bit cooler if it’s a hot summer day in an Australia city, or they can make it a bit more humid if it’s a dry inland city. On the local scale-that is in particular area within the city-trees can make the local area more shady, cooler, more humid and much less windy.In fact, trees and planting of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas.How do trees do all that you ask?Well, the main difference between a tree and building, is a tree has got a internal mechanism to keep the temperature regulated.It evaporates water through its leaves and that means that the temperature of leaves, is never very far from our own body temperature. The temperature of a building surface on a hot sunny day can easily be twenty degrees more than our temperature.Trees, on the other hand, remain cooler than buildings because they sweat.This means that they can humidify the air and cool it-a property which can be exploited to improve the local climate.Trees can also help break the forces of wind.The reason that high buildings make it windier at ground level, is that as the wind goes higher and higher, it goes faster and faster. When the wind hits the building, it has to go somewhere.Some of it goes over the top, and some goes around the sides the building, forcing those high level winds down to ground level.That doesn’t happen when you have trees.Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it, preventing those very large strong gas, you so often find around tall buildings. Another problem in built-up area is that traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings.By planting a belt of trees at the side of the road, you can make things a little quieter but much of the vehicle noise still goes through the trees.Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings, although the effect is not as large as people like to think.Low-frequency noise in particular just goes though the trees as theyaren’t there.Although trees can significantly improve the local climate, they do however take up a lot of space.There are root systems to consider, and branches blocking windows and so on.It may therefore be difficult to fit trees into the local landscape. There is not a great deal you can do, if you have what we call a street canyon-a whole set of high-rises enclosed in a narrow street.Trees need water to grow, they also need some sunlight to grow, and you need room to put them.If you have the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them, then suddenly you can start looking at different ways to design the streets and to introduce……感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
雅思听力这些考题中容易出现陷阱
雅思听力这些考题中容易出现陷阱在雅思听力考试中，经常会出一些时间先后的问题，或者是主观和客观的问题，在这些考题中经常会设置一些陷阱，让我们一不小心就做错了。
今天小编为大家总结一下雅思听力考试中容易出现错误的几个点，需要大家特别注意一下。
雅思听力这些考题中容易出现陷阱注意点1.时间先后考题中经常通过现在和过去的状况的比较来设置陷阱，考生要特别注意used to, in the past, many years ago, atpresent, now，in the future 等一系列提示时间先后的词。
例如在租房场景中房东会说这里从前有5个人住，后来走了两个，所以现在就只有三个人住了，而题目问的是现在房子里住的人数，答案就自然应该是3而不是5了。
注意点2.信息拆分这一个注意点表现得比较明显的就是数字。
很多考生现在都知道重点靠后原则，所以答案中往往会写最后听到的一个数字。
在考试中有时会把一个完整信息拆成两半，在答题时就要注意综合两方面的信息，其中重点词不是非常明显。
举个例子来说，录音中说一个学校里男生有500人，女生有480人，但在题干中，问的却是这个学校总共有多少人。
这时候就需要考生把两个数字加起来。
又如在面试场景中，面试者介绍经历时说在纽约住了5年，又在西雅图住了2年。
那班级的总人数和在美国居住的时间就应该是前后两个数据的相加。
注意点3.主观和客观很多烤鸭对这个陷阱不是非常敏感，常常在不知不觉中就把答案写错了。
在做雅思听力题的时候一定要看清题干，看要求回答的到底是主观还是客观的情况。
考题中会出现主观愿望和客观事实的冲突，这时要注意usually,comm. on,want to, plan to等词。
举例来说，一个教授和一个学生正在就论文延期的情况讨论，教授说论文延期的理由只能是生病或批准的事假，学生说是因为正在做另外一个重要的论文;而在题干中问的是教授说的理由。
那么这时候考生就一定要注意了。
注意点4.言外之意这种情况一般要通过理解做题，比如说在租房过程中房东问来访者愿不愿意和比人合住，来访者答他要拿学位，需要集中精力学习，如果和别人和住会有很多干扰。
雅思备考听力篇 剑7 test 4 section 1 雅思听力高频词汇.doc
今天我们雅思备考听力篇的文章来研究下剑7 test 4 section 1。
题型上来看，该部分由6道个人信息填空题和4道简答题构成。
其中，个人信息填空题一直都是section 1的主流题型，而简答题则基本被雅思听力打入冷宫。
按照小编的记忆，好像上次出简答题还是在2017年的6月份。
场景上来看，这篇文章讲的是租房。
作为雅思听力section 1的热门场景，我们到现在已经遇到过三次。
按照惯例，我们总结下其中出现的雅思听力高频词汇。
雅思听力高频词汇homestay 寄宿家庭。
到国外上学住宿的一种方式，也可以用host family来表达相似的意思。
除此之外，各位同学过去之后还可以选择flat（英式公寓），apartment（美式公寓），house（独栋房子），dormitory（美式宿舍），hall of residence（英式宿舍）等。
family name 姓。
比较少作为答案，更经常在提问者所说的话中出现。
除了它之外，surname，last name都可以表示‘姓’。
passport 护照。
在国外证明身份的主要证件。
可能出现在租房场景，图书馆场景，健身房场景等任何需要你证明自己身份的内容中。
college 大学，学院。
这个单词相信大家都认识。
这里主要是提醒大家注意一下它和colleague在读音和拼写上的区别。
adult 成人。
同样是比较简单的一个单词。
但根据重音不同，发音有两种文章来自雅思方式。
既可以读【d?lt】，也可以读【d?lt】。
pet 宠物。
偶尔会作为答案在section 1和section? 4出现的一个单词，大家稍微注意一下就好。
vegetarian 素食者。
雅思听力租房场景讨论到食物偏好时几乎必然会出现的一个词。
除此之外，雅思听力关于食物还考过seafood，red meat等。
难度上来看，这部分大多数题目都很简单。
唯一需要大家注意的是第5题和第6题。
一般而言section 1的答案都出现在回答者所说的内容上。
雅思备考听力篇 剑9 test 4 section 1 雅思听力高频词汇.doc
雅思备考听力篇剑9 test 4 section 1 雅思听力高频词汇今天我们雅思备考听力篇的文章来研究下剑9 test 4 section 1。
题型上来看，该部分由8道表格题和2道多选题构成，其中表格题被多选题分割开来。
这种组合方式在section 1比较少见，但确实有可能出现。
场景上来看，该篇文章为一名男性咨询各种诊所信息。
虽然在剑桥雅思系列书籍中，医疗场景只出现过这一次，但在机经中出现的频率还是比较高的。
按照惯例，我们总结下其中出现的雅思听力高频词汇。
雅思听力高频词汇clinic 诊所。
很少作为答案，主要出现在雅思听力section 1和section 2的标题或者题干中，用来提供背景信息。
appointment 预约。
与reserve和book略有差别。
reserve和book往往表示预定位置，名额等物品，而appointment则多表示与人的约定。
acupuncture 针灸。
不怎么会作为答案的一个单词，在题干中出现的也比较少。
大家知道意思就好。
therapy 疗法。
偶尔会在section 4中作为答案出现，但频率并不高。
立志听力考高分的同学可以多多注意一下。
vaccination 疫苗。
雅思听力高频词汇之一，只要提到医疗相关的内容，几乎必然出现。
不过更多的出现在选择题中，不怎么作为填空题的答案。
medical 身体检查。
我们比较熟悉它作为形容词表示药文章来自雅思品的，医疗的等含义。
但它也可以作为名词，表示体检。
知道有这个含义即可。
heart 心脏。
雅思听力经常考察的内脏之一。
同类别的词汇还有lung（肺），stomach（胃），liver（肝），kidney（肾）等。
asthma 哮喘。
雅思听力考试中比较经常出现的疾病，同样的还有malaria（疟疾）。
practice 实践，医生业务。
实践这个意思大家都比较熟悉。
除此之外，它还可以表示诊所，英国的基本医疗单位就叫general practice。
剑4 Test1-S3 听力原文
Ferritic 整理Page 1 of 3MELANIE: Excuse me, Dr Johnson. May I speak to you for a minute?DR JOHNSON: Sure. Come in.MELANIE: I'm Melanie Griffin. I'm taking your course in Population Studies.DR JOHNSON: Right. Well, Melanie, how can I help you?MELANIE: I'm ... having a bit of trouble with the second assignment, and it's due intwelve days.DR JOHNSON: What sort of trouble are you having? Is the assignment question a problem?MELANIE:Well, that's part of the problem. I'm also having ‐ been having ‐ trouble gettinghold of the books. I've been to the library several times, and all the books areout. DR JOHNSON: Sounds like you should have started borrowing books a bit earlier.MELANIE: Well, I had a really big assignment due in for another course, and I've beenspending all my time on that, and I thought ...DR JOHNSON: ... you might get an extension of time to finish your assignment for me? MELANIE: If that's possible, but I don't know ...DR JOHNSON: Well, yes, it is possible, but extensions are normally given only for medical orcompassionate reasons, otherwise it's really a question of organising your study, and we don't like giving extensions to students who simply didn't plantheir work properly. What did you get for your first assignment?MELANIE: I got eighty ‐seven per cent.DR JOHNSON: Mmm, yes, you did very well indeed, so obviously you can produce good work.MELANIE: I don't think I'll need too much extra time, as long as I can get hold of some ofthe important references.DR JOHNSON: Well, since you did so well in your first assignment, I'm prepared to give you anextra two weeks for this one, so that'll mean you'll need to submit it about amonth from now.MELANIE:Thank you. DR JOHNSON: Now, what about the reading materials? Have you checked out the journalarticles in the list?Ferritic 整理Page 2 of 3MELANIE: Umm, no, not yet, there were about twenty of them, and I wasn't sure whichones would be most useful or important.DR JOHNSON: Well, they're all useful, but I don't expect anyone to read them all, because anumber of them deal with the same issues. Let me give you some suggestions.The article by Anderson and Hawker is really worth reading.MELANIE:Right, I'll read that one. DR JOHNSON:You should also read the article by Jackson, but just look at the part on the research methodology ‐ how they did it. MELANIE:OK ... Jackson, got that ... DR JOHNSON:And if you have time, the one by Roberts says very relevant things, although. it's not essential MELANIE: So, OK, if it's useful, I'll try and read that one ...DR JOHNSON: Now, the one by Morris. I wouldn't bother with that at this stage, if I were you.MELANIE: OK, I won't bother with Morris. Oh, now, someone told me the article byCooper is important.DR JOHNSON: Well, yes, in a way, but just look at the last part, where he discusses theresearch results. And lastly, there's Forster ‐ I can't think why I included thatone. It's not bad and could be of some help, but not that much.‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ DR JOHNSON:Now, let's deal with the assignment question. What's the problem there? MELANIE:It's the graph on page two. DR JOHNSON:What seems to be the problem? It's just the bar graph showing reasons why people change where they live. MELANIE:Well, I've got a photocopy but the reasons at the bottom are missing. DR JOHNSON:OK. Look at the first bar on the graph ‐ now that indicates the number of people who move because they want more space. MELANIE: Oh I see ... bar one. OK ... Now what about the next bar?Ferritic 整理Page 3 of 3DR JOHNSON: Bar two is to do with the people living nearby disturbing them, so they chose to move away to somewhere quieter. Now let's look at bar number three ... another reason people change their place of living is because they want to be closer to the city.MELANIE: OK. Proximity to the city is an issue ...DR JOHNSON: Now ... bar number four refers to problems when the owner of the propertywon't help fix things that go wrong. In other words, the owner is nothelpful and so the tenants move out.MELANIE:OK ... now what about bar five? DR JOHNSON:Bar five is about those people who move because they need a bus or train to get them into the city or to go to work. MELANIE:OK ... and bar six? DR JOHNSON:Bar number six is Interesting. That reason was given quite a lot ‐ people moving because they wanted to be in a more attractive neighbourhood. MELANIE:Oh, yes, thank you very much.。
剑桥雅思4Test1听力Listening Section 1答案+解析
剑桥雅思4Test1听力Listening Section 1答案+解析－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－剑桥雅思4Test1听力Listening Section 1答案+解析谈话场景：咨询旅游事宜场景，电话交谈。
人物关系：学校社会活动咨询员和学生。
谈话话题：咨询学校组织的旅游线路、旅游费用和旅行地点。
交际与语言表达1. 在这个旅游场景讨论中，学生就英国某学校组织的旅游活动事宜向学校负责人进行咨询。
2. 为帮助国际留学生更好地感受英国文化，英国大学通常为他们提供类似的旅游活动，游览地点多为英国的著名城市和名胜古迹，如：本题中提到的伦敦塔( Tower of London) 以及Salisbury 平原上的史前巨石柱( Stonehenge)。
国际留学生办公室( International Office) 会将游览的安排事宜先公布，学生需要提前报名，并交纳一定的费用。
学校负责当天的游览交通，学生可以自行活动，也可参加有导游的游览。
若想了解更多的旅游信息，可以上网搜索一些不错的旅游网站，这样就可以在出国前订下自己的旅游计划。
3. “Yes, we run five every month: three during weekends and two Wednesday afternoon trips.”是的，我们每个月组织5 次旅行活动，其中3 次是在周末，2 次是在周三下午。
“ run”在此句中表示“组织，运营”和“ organize”是同义转换。
4. “Well, obviously it varies, but always places of historical interests….”很明显，他们是不一样的，但肯定都是历史古迹，“ vary”做不及物动词表示“( 使) 变化, 改变”，“ vary from… to…”表示“从……到……不等”, 例如：The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century. 剑的样式从12 世纪到15 世纪几乎没有什么改变。
剑桥雅思9真题 解析-Test4听力Section1
智课网IELTS备考资料剑桥雅思9真题+解析-Test4听力Section1摘要：备考雅思，光做一些大家司空见惯的练习题，是没有太大效果的，建议大家可以好好看看剑桥雅思9听力真题，下面带来剑桥雅思9真题+解析-Test4听力Section1的内容，好好看看剑桥雅思听力下载Test4 Section1>，雅思真题全解析主题场景看病就医表现形式现场咨询主旨大意一位刚搬新家的男士咨询新居附近的医疗机构及其提供的服务等相关事宜。
考查题型表格填空题，多选题听前预测1-4题是典型的分类信息表格题。
通过表格顶端三个类别项目，判断出1-4题分别需要依次填写机构所具备的优势、机构名称、医生姓名和机构所具备的优势。
5-6题属于多选题。
考生应迅速扫读题干，快速锁定定位词free of charge，然后快速浏览所有五个选项并在头脑中“试读”，强化选项词汇在大脑中的大致发音。
7-10题也是典型的分类信息表格题。
通过表格顶端四个类别项目，迅速判断出7-10题依次需要填写备注内容、会谈室地点、时间点和备注内容，然后尽快划出每处横线前面的定位词以便快速在原文中定位答案的大致位置。
名师解读剑9听力1. babies 当听到表格中的定位词Doctor Green和The Harvey Clinic时，考生应提高警惕，接下来听到We always recommend for babies，此时读音稍作停顿，考生应把babies这个目标名词记录下来。
录音中接下来的句子中出现卷面上的good一词，整句录音为... she’s very good with them ...，其中用 them代替了上文的babies。
2. Eshcol 考生听到anywhere else后出现了录音中女士首次提及的专有名词The Eschol Health Practice，在男士问及如何拼写Eschol时，她又再次逐个字母地拼读了本词，所以考生只要保证能跟上该女士的拼写速度就可以填出该词。
剑桥雅思1下载TEST4听力原文(Section1)
剑桥雅思1下载TEST4听力原文(Section1)－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－剑桥雅思1下载TEST4听力原文(Section1)。
下面为大家整理了剑桥雅思真题1下载TEST4中听力原文部分的相关内容，包含了剑桥雅思真题1TEST4 Section1的听力音频，并附有Section1雅思听力原文，同学们可先进行下载训练，再看原文。
以下是剑桥雅思真题1下载TEST4听力Section1中的相关音频，同学们可根据听力音频答题，赶快下载来听。
下面为大家整理了剑桥雅思真题1下载TEST4听力中Section1听力原文的详细内容，其中包含了雅思听力考试Section1的音频部分，同学们可在做剑桥雅思真题1下载TEST4听力(Section1)后，再听原文兑答案，另外，雅思听力原文中给出了答案的相关提示，供同学们进行下载练习。
SECTION 1F = Female studentM = Male studentC = ClerkF: Excuse me. Can you help me? I was looking for the Main Hall.M: Maybe I can, actually. I’m looking for the Main Hall, too. I think it’s in the Example Administration building. Are you a new student?F: Yes, I am.RepeatM: I thought you looked as lost as me. I’m trying to find the admin building,too, so that I can register for my course. But I don’t seem to be having muchluck.F: Well, look, according to this map of the campus here, you go straight up thesteps, turn left and the building is on the right. OK, let’s see if we can find it. Q1 M: Oh, this looks right. Oh, yeah, it must be. Look, there are hundreds of otherpeople here!F: There must be at least 50 people in the queue — we’ll be here till gone 2 Q2o’clock at this rate.感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
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剑桥雅思听力易错榜单系列文章之剑四Section 1
在备考雅思考试时，除了要多做练习之外，分析、总结并吸收之前的错题至关重要，但这个步骤却经常为大家所忽视。
在做完了练习后，总结失分点，才能确保下次不会犯同样的错误，使成绩有真正意义上的提高。
但由于每个人学术程度和细心程度不同，错的地方也不一定都一样，所以在总结的时候，要根据自身的情况出发。
题目做错，未必都是因为题目太难，简单的题目也有可能因为这样或者那样的缘由犯错误，而且有些题目可能做错了也未必能发现。
经常有同学做完后去对剑桥后面的答案，以为自己做得很好，却没发现因为一些细微的小瑕疵，其实答案错了。
为了方便大家复习，朗阁海外考试研究中心听力组的老师结合平常上课学员的反应，提名了以下剑桥中容易错的题目：
剑桥四之section 1：
Test 1 Section 1 Q1. Visit places which have: good shopping
入选理由: 虽然本题前面有很明显并列关系的historical interest这个关键词呈现，但由于good 被 a variety of 同义转换，很容易被广大同学忽略，毕竟这二者不是明显的同义词。
加上录音中在解释guided tours的时候，说到：“…where we know there are guided tours, because this gives a good focus for the visit”，很多同学就会以为本题答案应该是focus，却没有注意到我们要的是并列而不是因果关系里的内容。
Test 1 Section 1 Q2. guided tours
入选理由: 拼写比较容易错，guided词尾的d容易被忽略。
大家总是将这两个词跟tour guide混为一谈。
Test 1 Section 1 Q4. sign name on the notice board 3 days in advance
入选理由：由于很多同学对notice board这个词组比较陌生，所以听错的几率也较大。
经常误听为notice book或者notebook. 这也反映了大家发音上的不足，需要特别注意。
Test 2 Section1 Q2. What caused Peter problems at the bank?
A The exchange rate was down
B He was late
C The computers weren‟t working
入选理由：本题录音中，C 选项中的computer system与A 选项was down结合，也就是大家会听到…the computer system was temporarily down‟，不小心就会错听成A。
Section 1 虽然不难，但题目信息却经常互相“串门”，尤其是选择题，经常有一半对，另一半不对的情况发生。
要求大家总结时需要特别小心。
Test 2 Section1 Q4. Henry gave Peter a map of
A the city
B the bus routes
C the train system
入选理由：本题与上题类似，属于选项“串门”，录音中，B的bus与C的system 结合，部分同学没听出重点应该是bus。
Test 2 Section1 Q6. Tourist attractions open all day: Cathedral and Gardens
入选理由：本题重点在于对all day的理解，很多学员认为，all day就应该是24小时，其实在录音原文中，在关键词Gardens出现之前，只出现三个备选项：Cathedral，Castle和Art Gallery。
其中Cathedral is open morning and afternoon;Castle is just open from 1 to 5;The opening time of Art Gallery is not provided. 众所周知，雅思听力考试素以顺序原则贯穿整个考试，答案一般都在Gardens出现之前，那只有Cathedral 满足条件了。
Test 2 Section1 Q9. The first place Peter and Sally will visit is the Art Gallery.
入选理由：录音原文：…We‟ll go to the painting you like first…‟本题中很多同学听到painting，反应不过来就是Art Gallery的指代词，直接写了painting，但本题明显要的是place，所以造成听到了却写错了。
Test 3 Section1 Q1. Length of time in Australia: 18 months
入选理由：本题难点在于录音中把Australia拆分成Adelaide and Sydney，在阿德雷德待了一年，悉尼待了6个月，所以答案需要将二者相加。
部分同学只知道悉尼属于澳大利亚，却对阿德雷德不太熟悉。
这就属于常识上的问题了。
Test 3 Section1 Q2. Present address: Flat 1,539, Forest Road Canterbury 2036
入选理由：通常在大家印象中，forest发音应为['f?rist]，但由于弱读现象，本题将此音发为['f?r?st]，再加上没有拼写，故造成部分同学误听。
Test 4 Section1 Q1. Venue: college dining room
入选理由：本题重在拼写，由于dining与dinner属于同根词，更多人熟悉dinner 的写法，所以很多同学总是把dining写成dinning，多写一个n。
实际上，dining的动词是dine，去e加ing而已。
Test 4 Section1 Q5. Collect money during the coffee break
入选理由：在预测答案时，大家都知道during后面加的应该是时间段，只是在听的过程中，由于对coffee break的讲法不是太熟悉的缘故，不少同学还是会把break写成brake(刹车)，把coffee写少了一个f或是e。
Test 4 Section1 Q6. Suggested amount per person: $ 6
入选理由：本题因为录音中干扰信息$90的关系，很多同学不敢写$6，当然也不太敢写$90，觉得一个人交这么多钱太多，所以写了$19。
(录音原文：We suggested six dollars last time, is that OK? Yeah, plenty I would have thought, which should leave us with about ninety dollars.)
朗阁海外考试研究中心总结认为，这些题目之所以入选易错榜单，主要是因为以下几大原因：语音(phonetics)、拼写(spelling)、同义转换(paraphrasing)、知识面(scope of knowledge)等。
这也就反映出雅思听力考试的出题动向，也为大家的训练呈现出了一条更加明晰的路。
建议考生训练听力的时候可从这几大块入手，注意训练语音，仔细锻炼拼写，认真记诵同义词，多关注关于人文、科学等方面的知识。
雅思听力，你一定行!。