虚拟语气(学案)

虚拟语气学案

虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法

常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：

Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！

God bless you. 上帝保佑你。

be happy! 快乐！

have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！

make progress! 进步！

二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：

1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法

(1). If I ______(be) you, I___________( study) hard.

(2)..If the doctor ____________(come) last night, the boy ______________(save)

(3). If I ________________( not study) hard, I would have failed in the exam last

term.

(4). If you___________(miss ) the film tonight, you _____________(feel) sorry. 2．条件从句中省去if 的情况

在if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略if ，将had, were 或should 提至句首。如：(1) If I had seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.

_______ ______ ______ the film, I would have discussed it with them last ninght.

(2) If I were I a bird, I could fly freely.

________ ________ a bird, I could fly freely.

(3) If It should rain next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.

________ ________ _______next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.

三、动词wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气

May you 祝你

(1). I wish they _________(be) at home this time. (2). I wish I _________(have) a beautiful car..

(3). I wish I________________( not hurt )him so much 。

(4). I wish I _____________(see) her last night.

(5). I wish he ______________(have) a bright future.

1．3. 用wish 表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为：

宾语从句的谓语为would+动词原形, 有时也用could/might+动词原形。

例：

I wish I would be able to come tomorrow.

四、as if (though)的虚拟

例如：

1. She always talks to me as if she________ (be) my sister.

2. He walks slowly as if he _______________(hurt) his leg.

3. She talks about it again and again as though she would never end.

五、Would rather 的虚拟语气

1. would rather +主语+动词过去式 表示对现在和将来情况的虚拟

2. would rather +主语+had done 表示对过去情况的虚拟

❖ I would rather we _____________( not see) a film this evening.

❖ I’d rather you _________________(return) the book yesterday.

六、It is (high/about) time that...

在该句子中我们使用两种形式的虚拟结构即：动词过去式或 should +动词原形，如果用后者则should 通常不省略。

❖ It is time that we went home.

❖ It is time that the boy should go to school.

七、If only…的虚拟结构 1. 对现在进行虚拟 动词过去式 / were

2. 对将来进行虚拟 would / could / might +动词原形

3. 对过去进行虚拟 had +过去分词

Would + have +过去分词 If only+句子

1. 对现在进行虚拟

动词的过去式 / were

2. 对将来进行虚拟

would +动词原形

3. 对过去进行虚拟

had +过去分词

1. 对现在进行虚拟 动词过去式 / were

2. 对将来进行虚拟 would +动词原形

3. 对过去进行虚拟 had +过去分词 主句+as if+主语+

(as though)