虚拟语气(学案)

虚拟语气学案虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。

例如：Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！God bless you. 上帝保佑你。

be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法(1). If I ______(be) you, I___________( study) hard.(2)..If the doctor ____________(come) last night, the boy ______________(save)(3). If I ________________( not study) hard, I would have failed in the exam lastterm.(4). If you___________(miss ) the film tonight, you _____________(feel) sorry. 2．条件从句中省去if 的情况在if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略if ，将had, were 或should 提至句首。

如：(1) If I had seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night._______ ______ ______ the film, I would have discussed it with them last ninght.(2) If I were I a bird, I could fly freely.________ ________ a bird, I could fly freely.(3) If It should rain next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.________ ________ _______next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.三、动词wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气May you 祝你(1). I wish they _________(be) at home this time. (2). I wish I _________(have) a beautiful car..(3). I wish I________________( not hurt )him so much 。

(4). I wish I _____________(see) her last night.(5). I wish he ______________(have) a bright future.1．3. 用wish 表示对将来事情的愿望。

其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语为would+动词原形, 有时也用could/might+动词原形。

例：I wish I would be able to come tomorrow.四、as if (though)的虚拟例如：1. She always talks to me as if she________ (be) my sister.2. He walks slowly as if he _______________(hurt) his leg.3. She talks about it again and again as though she would never end.五、Would rather 的虚拟语气1. would rather +主语+动词过去式 表示对现在和将来情况的虚拟2. would rather +主语+had done 表示对过去情况的虚拟❖ I would rather we _____________( not see) a film this evening.❖ I’d rather you _________________(return) the book yesterday.六、It is (high/about) time that...在该句子中我们使用两种形式的虚拟结构即：动词过去式或 should +动词原形，如果用后者则should 通常不省略。

❖ It is time that we went home.❖ It is time that the boy should go to school.七、If only…的虚拟结构 1. 对现在进行虚拟 动词过去式 / were2. 对将来进行虚拟 would / could / might +动词原形3. 对过去进行虚拟 had +过去分词Would + have +过去分词 If only+句子1. 对现在进行虚拟动词的过去式 / were2. 对将来进行虚拟would +动词原形3. 对过去进行虚拟had +过去分词1. 对现在进行虚拟 动词过去式 / were2. 对将来进行虚拟 would +动词原形3. 对过去进行虚拟 had +过去分词 主句+as if+主语+(as though)例如：❖If only he were here!❖If only I had not been ill last week!❖If only I had more money!❖If only it would rain tomorrow!八、坚持、决定、要求、命令等词的虚拟形式（即坚、决、要、命形虚拟）❖insist, suggest, advise, recommend,❖decide,❖ask, demand, require, urge❖order, command在以上这些动词后的宾语从句中应该使用should+动词原形的结构进行虚拟，should可以省略。

❖She suggested we (should) leave early.❖The teacher insisted that the students (should) have a test.❖She decided that she (should) not go.❖The teacher commanded that he (should) leave the classroom.注意以下这些形式：❖the suggestion/proposal/order/advice that…(should)do❖This suggestion is that…(should)do❖It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required that…(should)do❖It is necessary/important/natural/strange/amazing/surprising that…(should) do 请辨析：❖The white look on his face suggested that he ________(be) ill.❖The teacher suggested that he ________(start) to practice listening.❖The teacher suggested __________-(start) to practice listening.❖He insisted that he ____________(not see) the wallet.❖He insisted that he___________(not stay) here.九、suppose; but for; otherwise; without等词也可以表示虚拟语气。

❖The government issued a new policy to help the jobless, otherwise they would have suffered.❖Without the help of tens of thousands of PLA soldiers, many areas would not have been saved from flooding in 1998.十：情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法“情态动词＋完成式” 用于虚拟语气中多过去未能实现的愿望❖________________________ 本应当做…❖________________________ 本来不应当做…❖________________________ 本来可以做…❖________________________ 本来能够做…❖_________________________ 本来没必要做…1.本来你是可以给他一些帮助的,不管你有多忙.________________________________ however busy you were.2. 还有20分种, 她本来没有必要着急的.There was plenty of time．__________________________.3.这孩子花太多的钱买一些没用的东西. 他父母本来不该给他这么多的钱.The boy spends too much money buying some useless things. His parents _________________________________________.比较：“情态动词+ 完成式”还可以用来表示推测❖________________________ 想必已经…❖________________________ 也许已经…❖________________________ 可能已经……❖__________________________________不可能/可能没做过…Multiple choices1.You__________ yesterday if you were really serious about your work.A. ought to comeB. ought to be comingC. ought to have comeD. ought have come2.You ______all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered themIf you had asked a shop assistant.A. didn’t need to carryB. needn’t have carriedC. needn’t carryD. didn’t need carry3. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.--You________ her last week. (2004福建)A. ought to tellB. would have toldC. must tellD. should have told4. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山东)A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need5. You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.A. mustB. mayC. willD. might6. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)A. needn’t doB. needn’t have doneC. mustn’t doD. shouldn’t have done7. --Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)A. shouldn’tB. mustn’tC. can’tD. wouldn’t8. He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)A. shouldB. mustC. wouldn’tD. can’t9. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ yourlecture.(2000上海)A. couldn’t have attendedB. needn’t have attendedC. mustn’t have attendedD. shouldn’t have attended。