中国书法文化英文版
中国传统文化书法的英语介绍
中国传统文化书法的英语介绍
中国传统文化之书法
书法，中国古老的艺术形式，以笔、墨、纸、砚为工具，通过汉字的书写展现无尽的韵律与美感。
每一笔、每一划，都蕴含着深厚的文化底蕴和历史沉淀。
它不仅是一种文字的表达，更是一种心灵的沟通，体现了中国人的审美追求和精神风貌。
Translation
Calligraphy in Traditional Chinese Culture
Calligraphy, an ancient art form in China, utilizes tools such as brush, ink, paper, and inkstone to exhibit rhythmic and aesthetic beauty through the writing of Chinese characters. Every stroke and line is imbued with profound cultural heritage and historical沉积. It's not just an expression of words, but a communication of the soul, reflecting the aesthetic pursuits and spiritual traits of the Chinese people.。
书法文化(中英文)
characters, with a focus on fluidity and naturalness.
Ink method
Ink selection
Different inks produce different effects, with some being more suitable for certain styles or techniques.
03
The Techniques and Expression of Calligraphy Art
Brushwork
01
Grip
The correct grip is essential for good brush control, allowing for
a range of strokes and techniques.
Calligraphy Culture (Chinese and English)
• introduction • Overview of Calligraphy
Culture • The Techniques and
Expression of Calligraphy Art • The Inheritance and
Ink preparation
The ink needs to be prepared correctly to ensure the right consistency and flow.
Ink application
The brush is dipped into the ink and then applied to the paper, with the amount of ink on the brush affecting the appearance of the strokes.
中国传统书法英文介绍
Cursive script
Cursive
script has more flexibility, for it only maintains the essence of each character and expresses more personal exertion. Therefore its value lies in appreciation more than practicality.
Categories： Chinese traditional calligraphy mainly falls into 4 categories: Seal Script, Official Script. Regular Script and Cursive Script.
seal script
Ink
Slab The ink slab is the reputed head of the ‘four treasures’, for its sobriety（持重） and elegance （典雅）has endured the passage of time. Through ink slabs, people can sample the artistic charm（魅力） of sculpting（雕塑） and the ink stone's natural tints.
Paper Paper making is among the ‘four great inventions’ and one of the great contributions that ancient Chinese people made to the word.It was Cai Lun who made the valuable contribution and his research gave rise to paper. Afterwards, many varieties of paper were produced of different quality and usage（使用）. Today the Xuan paper originally made in Anhui Province still shines with its charm.
中国书法介绍(英文)
Regular script
Fame, is based on the regular script calligraphy, cursive script is the best combination of practicality and artistry of the font. So, running from its birth to now, more than 1000 years, and has been popular for centuries. Wang Xizhi's Lanting Ji Xu was known as the best in the running script. Yan Zhenqing's article-nephew of manuscripts, known as the second book in the world. In the art of calligraphy, seal, Li, Kai, grass script, there are certain rules, but the cursive scripts were not necessarily written. Fame is a versatile font, written in script component in some more, commonly known as "Xingkai"; with cursive elements more, commonly known as "free". Fame doesn't follow a set pattern, but share a common characteristic, that is: less writing pen collection Office, Lu feng, hidden front; turn round stroke conversion, less discount.
关于中国传统文化书法的英语作文
关于中国传统文化书法的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Chinese traditional calligraphy, known as 书法(shū fǎ) in Chinese, is a highly respected art form that has been practiced and revered for centuries. Calligraphy is not only a means of written communication, but also a form of artistic expression that embodies the spirit and culture of the Chinese people.The history of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to ancient times, with evidence of its existence dating back to as early as the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BC). Over the centuries, calligraphy has evolved and developed into a unique art form that is deeply rooted in Chinese culture and philosophy.Chinese calligraphy is characterized by its use of brush and ink, as well as its emphasis on the importance of stroke order, rhythm, and balance. Calligraphers must possess a deep understanding of the Chinese characters they are writing, as well as mastery of the various styles and techniques of calligraphy.There are several different styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own distinctive characteristics and history. Some of themost well-known styles include seal script (篆书), clerical script (隶书), regular script (楷书), running script (行书), and cursive script (草书). Each style requires a different level of skill and precision, making calligraphy a challenging and rewarding art form to master.In addition to its aesthetic value, Chinese calligraphy is also highly regarded for its cultural and spiritual significance. In Chinese culture, calligraphy is seen as a reflection of the writer's character, personality, and emotions. It is believed that the quality of one's calligraphy is a reflection of their inner self, and that practicing calligraphy can help to cultivate qualities such as patience, discipline, and tranquility.Furthermore, calligraphy is often used in Chinese traditional ceremonies, such as weddings, funerals, and important celebrations, to convey blessings and good wishes. Calligraphy is also used in the creation of traditional Chinese art forms, such as landscape paintings, poetry, and ceramics, further illustrating its importance in Chinese culture.Today, Chinese calligraphy continues to be practiced and revered by people of all ages and backgrounds around the world. The art form has transcended cultural boundaries and has become a symbol of Chinese cultural identity and heritage.In conclusion, Chinese traditional calligraphy is a beautiful and profound art form that embodies the spirit, history, and culture of the Chinese people. Its timeless beauty and enduring significance serve as a testament to the richness and depth of Chinese civilization.篇2Traditional Chinese calligraphy, also known as brush calligraphy, is an art form that has been practiced for thousands of years in China. It is a unique and important aspect of Chinese culture, reflecting the beauty and elegance of the Chinese language.The history of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to ancient times, with the earliest known examples dating back to the Shang Dynasty (approx. 1600-1046 BCE). Calligraphy has been highly regarded in Chinese society for centuries, with scholars, poets, and artists alike all practicing the art form as a way to express their thoughts and emotions.One of the key features of Chinese calligraphy is its focus on the aesthetic qualities of the characters. Each stroke is carefully considered and executed, with a strong emphasis on balance, rhythm, and form. Different styles of calligraphy have developedover the years, each with its own unique characteristics and techniques.One of the most famous styles of Chinese calligraphy is the "regular script" (楷書), which emerged during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) and remains popular to this day. Other styles include the "running script" (行書), "cursive script" (草書), and "seal script" (篆書), each with its own distinctive characteristics and charm.Chinese calligraphy is not just a form of writing, but also a form of art and self-expression. It requires years of practice and dedication to master, with calligraphers often spending hours each day perfecting their craft. Through the act of writing, calligraphers seek to achieve a sense of inner peace and harmony, connecting with the spirit of the brush and ink.In addition to its artistic and cultural significance, Chinese calligraphy also plays a practical role in Chinese society. It has been used for centuries as a means of communication, with important documents and official records often written in calligraphy. In modern times, calligraphy continues to be valued as a form of cultural heritage, with classes and workshops held around the world to teach this traditional art form to new generations.Overall, Chinese calligraphy is a key part of China's rich cultural heritage, embodying the beauty, elegance, and depth of Chinese civilization. It serves as a link to the past, connecting people to their ancestors and to the traditions that have shaped Chinese society for thousands of years. As a form of expression and communication, calligraphy continues to inspire and captivate people around the world, demonstrating the enduring power and beauty of this ancient art form.篇3Traditional Chinese calligraphy is a unique form of art that has been passed down through generations in China. With a rich history spanning thousands of years, Chinese calligraphy is not just a form of writing, but also a way of expressing beauty, culture, and philosophy.Chinese calligraphy has its roots in ancient China, dating back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC). It was initially used as a means of communication, with inscriptions on oracle bones and bronze vessels serving as the earliest examples of Chinese calligraphy. Over time, calligraphy evolved into a form of artistic expression, with famous calligraphers like Wang Xizhi, known as the "Sage of Calligraphy," leaving behind masterpieces that are still revered today.One of the most fascinating aspects of Chinese calligraphy is the brushwork used to create the characters. Calligraphers use a brush, ink, and paper to write, with each stroke carefully planned and executed. The brush must be held at the correct angle and pressure to achieve the desired effect, and the ink must be perfectly balanced to create crisp, flowing lines.In addition to the technical skill required, Chinese calligraphy also embodies the cultural and philosophical ideals of traditional Chinese society. Calligraphy is often seen as a reflection of the calligrapher's character, with the movements of the brush revealing their emotions and intentions. The imperfections and variations in each character are seen as a sign of the calligrapher's individuality and creativity.Chinese calligraphy is also imbued with symbolism and meaning. Each stroke and character has its own significance, with certain characters representing virtues like patience, wisdom, or harmony. Calligraphy is often used to convey deeper messages and ideas, with famous poems and sayings often written in elegant script to emphasize their beauty and importance.Beyond its artistic and cultural significance, Chinese calligraphy also plays a practical role in Chinese society. Calligraphy is still taught in schools as part of the traditionalcurriculum, and many people study calligraphy as a way to improve their handwriting and cultivate their artistic skills. Calligraphy is also used in official documents, ceremonies, and artwork, with calligraphers highly respected for their skill and expertise.Overall, Chinese calligraphy is a timeless art form that continues to captivate and inspire people around the world. Its beauty, elegance, and depth of meaning make it a true reflection of Chinese culture and history. As we celebrate and preserve this ancient tradition, we keep alive the spirit and essence of Chinese calligraphy for future generations to enjoy and appreciate.。
(完整word版)中国书法介绍(英文版)CalligraphyIntroduction
CalligraphyCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equalimportance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to itsdevelopment by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary worksand by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regularscript (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing afterthe oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great inconveniencebecause they lacked uniformity and many characters were written invariant forms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it is said, tookplace during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western ZhouDynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, oftenused in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the"curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under onesystem. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin(265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting ormeandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures ofthe Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is notdry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
中国书法简介英语版chinesecalligraphy完整版
Maybe you have ever heard these names: Tian Yingzhang(田英章) Lu Zhongnan(卢中南) Sima Yan(司马彦)——He is really interesting. Last century, his style is very popular, but his style is similar to Tian Yingzhang now.
2.Recent calligrapher
Ancient times has gone, there are also many creative calligrapher
Qi Gong(启功)
Liu Bingseng（பைடு நூலகம்炳森）
Zhao Puchu（赵朴初）
Professor of Beijing Normal University
Funeral Oration for My Nephew（祭侄文稿）
Cold food observance （黄州寒食帖）
The Orchid Pavilion
Funeral Oration for My Nephew
Cold food observance（黄州寒食帖）
This is a representative masterpiece of Su Shi, it is created to express his depression. In the third year in Huangzhou, he spent Cold food observance alone, and wrote it with mixed feeling
关于中国传统文化书法的英语作文
关于中国传统文化书法的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The art of calligraphy has been an integral part of traditional Chinese culture for thousands of years. As one of the oldest and most highly regarded forms of visual art in China, calligraphy embodies the essence of Chinese aesthetics and philosophy. It is not only a means of communication but also a form ofself-expression and personal cultivation.Chinese calligraphy, known as "shufa" in Chinese, is distinguished by its unique blend of aesthetic and linguistic elements. Each stroke of the brush is practiced with precision and grace, reflecting the calligrapher's emotions and personality. Calligraphy is often regarded as a form of meditation, as it requires focus, patience, and discipline. Through the practice of calligraphy, one can cultivate inner peace and achieve a state of harmony between the mind, body, and spirit.In Chinese culture, calligraphy is revered as a symbol of elegance, wisdom, and cultural refinement. It is considered a high art form and is valued for its beauty, grace, and spiritualsignificance. Calligraphy has been used in various aspects of Chinese life, including literature, art, religion, and education. It is commonly seen in poems, paintings, inscriptions, and official documents.The history of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to the Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC), when oracle bone inscriptions were carved onto turtle shells and bones. Over the centuries, calligraphy evolved into various styles and scripts, such as seal script, clerical script, regular script, running script, and cursive script. Each style has its own characteristics and aesthetics, reflecting the cultural and artistic trends of its time.One of the most celebrated calligraphers in Chinese history is Wang Xizhi, who lived during the Eastern Jin dynasty (317-420 AD). Wang Xizhi is known as the "Sage of Calligraphy" and is revered for his mastery of the art form. His most famous work is the "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Anthology," which is considered a masterpiece of Chinese calligraphy. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is characterized by its fluidity, rhythm, and vitality, which continue to inspire calligraphers today.In contemporary China, calligraphy remains a vibrant and beloved art form that is practiced by people of all ages and backgrounds. Calligraphy classes are offered in schools,community centers, and cultural institutions, allowing both amateurs and professionals to hone their skills and appreciate the beauty of the written word. Calligraphy competitions and exhibitions are held regularly, showcasing the talents of calligraphers from around the world.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a cultural treasure that embodies the rich heritage and artistic legacy of China. It is a form of art that transcends time and space, connecting generations of people through the beauty of written language. Through the practice of calligraphy, one can explore the profound wisdom and aesthetic values of Chinese culture, while also experiencing the joy and fulfillment that come from creating art with one's own hands. Whether you are a practitioner or an admirer of calligraphy, its enduring appeal and universal beauty will continue to inspire and captivate audiences for generations to come.篇2Chinese traditional culture is known for its rich history and diverse art forms, one of the most prominent being calligraphy. Calligraphy holds a special place in Chinese culture, not only as a form of artistic expression but also as a symbol of Chinese identity and tradition.Chinese calligraphy has a history that spans thousands of years, dating back to ancient times. It has evolved over the centuries, with different styles and techniques emerging in different dynasties. Each style of calligraphy is unique, reflecting the artistic preferences and cultural values of the time.One of the most well-known styles of Chinese calligraphy is Yan Zhenqing's "Yan Style." This style is characterized by its strong and bold strokes, which exude a sense of power and authority. Another famous style is Ouyang Xun's "Ouyang Style," known for its graceful and flowing strokes.Calligraphy is not just about writing characters; it is also about conveying emotions and feelings. A skilled calligrapher can use brushstrokes to express their thoughts and emotions, creating a powerful and evocative piece of art. In Chinese culture, calligraphy is often seen as a means of self-expression and a way to connect with one's inner self.Calligraphy is also highly valued in Chinese society, with calligraphers being held in high esteem. In traditional Chinese culture, calligraphy was considered one of the "Four Arts," along with music, chess, and painting. Calligraphers were often scholars and intellectuals, who used calligraphy as a way to demonstrate their education and sophistication.In addition to being a form of art, calligraphy also played a practical role in Chinese society. In ancient times, calligraphy was used for official documents, letters, and other forms of communication. Calligraphy was seen as a mark of education and refinement, and those who were skilled in calligraphy were highly respected.Today, calligraphy continues to be an important part of Chinese culture. Many people in China study calligraphy as a way to connect with their cultural heritage and tradition. Calligraphy classes are popular among both children and adults, with many people taking up calligraphy as a hobby.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a unique and cherished art form that holds a special place in Chinese culture. Its rich history, diverse styles, and deep cultural significance make it an integral part of Chinese tradition. Calligraphy is not just a form of writing; it is a way of expressing emotions, thoughts, and feelings. As China continues to modernize and change, calligraphy remains a timeless and enduring symbol of Chinese identity.篇3Chinese calligraphy, also known as the art of writing, is a quintessential part of traditional Chinese culture. It has a historythat spans thousands of years and continues to be a revered and cherished form of artistic expression in China and around the world. In this essay, we will explore the rich history of Chinese calligraphy, its various styles, and its enduring impact on Chinese culture.The roots of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to ancient China, where it first developed as a means of communication. In a society where paper and printing were not yet widely available, writing became a vital skill for recording information and transmitting knowledge. Over time, calligraphy evolved into an art form that was prized for its beauty and elegance, as well as its ability to convey emotion and meaning through the stroke of a brush.One of the defining features of Chinese calligraphy is its emphasis on the brushstroke. Unlike Western writing, which relies on the use of a pen or pencil, Chinese calligraphy is created with a brush dipped in ink. The brushstroke is not just a means of writing, but a form of artistic expression in its own right. Calligraphers strive to create a harmonious balance of lines and shapes, using different techniques to convey different moods and emotions.There are several different styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own unique characteristics and techniques. The most well-known styles include seal script, clerical script, regular script, running script, and cursive script. Seal script is the oldest style of calligraphy and is characterized by its angular, geometric shapes. Clerical script is more formal and balanced, while regular script is the most commonly used style in modern China. Running script and cursive script are more fluid and expressive, with characters that are often difficult to read but convey a sense of energy and movement.Chinese calligraphy has had a profound influence on Chinese culture and art. It is not only a form of writing but also a form of self-expression and personal identity. Calligraphy is often used in poetry, painting, and other artistic endeavors, where it adds beauty and depth to the work. Calligraphy is also an important part of Chinese education, where students are taught to appreciate and practice the art form from an early age.In addition to its artistic and cultural significance, Chinese calligraphy is also valued for its spiritual and philosophical qualities. The process of creating calligraphy requires patience, discipline, and concentration, qualities that are central to many Chinese philosophical traditions. Calligraphy is seen as a form ofmeditation, a way to cultivate the mind and spirit through the practice of writing.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a beautiful and profound art form that reflects the rich history and culture of China. Its unique styles and techniques have captivated audiences for centuries, and its influence can be seen in a wide range of artistic endeavors. As a form of self-expression, communication, and spiritual practice, calligraphy continues to hold a special place in Chinese society and remains a vital part of China's cultural heritage.。
用英语介绍中国文化书法
用英语介绍中国文化书法Chinese calligraphy, also known as "Shufa" in Chinese,is a traditional art form that has been practiced for thousands of years in China. It is considered one of the highest forms of Chinese visual art and is admired for its beauty, elegance, and cultural significance.The history of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to ancient China, where it was used as a means of communication and expression. Over the centuries,calligraphy has evolved into a highly respected art form, with its own set of techniques, styles, and principles.One of the most distinctive features of Chinese calligraphy is the use of brush and ink to create characters. Calligraphers use a variety of brushes,typically made from animal hair, and black ink to write on paper or silk. The strokes of the brush are carefully controlled to create a harmonious balance of form, rhythm, and space.Chinese calligraphy is not just about writing characters, but also about expressing the calligrapher's emotions andpersonality. Each stroke is infused with the calligrapher's energy and spirit, making each piece of calligraphy aunique work of art.There are several major styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own unique characteristics and history. These styles include Seal Script, Clerical Script, Regular Script, Running Script, and Cursive Script. Each style has its own rules and conventions, and calligraphers often spend years mastering a particular style.In addition to its artistic value, Chinese calligraphy also holds significant cultural and philosophical meanings. It is often associated with concepts such as harmony, balance, and discipline, reflecting the core principles of traditional Chinese culture.Chinese calligraphy has also had a profound influence on other forms of art and culture, such as painting, poetry, and even martial arts. Many famous Chinese artists, scholars, and poets have also been skilled calligraphers, and their works have greatly enriched the cultural heritage of China.In modern times, Chinese calligraphy continues to thrive as a cherished art form, with many enthusiasts and practitioners around the world. It is often practiced as a form of meditation and mindfulness, offering a way to cultivate inner peace and self-expression.Overall, Chinese calligraphy is a rich and profound art form that embodies the essence of Chinese culture. It is a testament to the creativity, wisdom, and spiritual depth of the Chinese people, and it continues to inspire andinfluence artists and admirers around the world.中国书法，又称“书法”，是中国传统艺术形式之一，已有数千年的历史。
中国文化书法英语介绍作文
Calligraphy is an art form that has been cherished in China for thousands of years, deeply rooted in the countrys history and culture.It is not merely a means of writing but a reflection of the artists spirit,emotions,and aesthetic sensibilities.Origins and Historical SignificanceChinese calligraphy dates back to the Shang Dynasty16001046BCE,where inscriptions on oracle bones and bronze vessels marked the earliest forms of written Chinese.Over time,calligraphy evolved through various dynasties,each leaving its unique imprint on the art form.The Han Dynasty saw the development of the clerical and cursive scripts, while the Tang Dynasty is renowned for the perfection of regular script,known for its balance and symmetry.Styles and ScriptsThere are five major scripts in Chinese calligraphy:Seal Script Zhuan Shu,Clerical Script Li Shu,Regular Script Kai Shu,Running Script Xing Shu,and Cursive Script Cao Shu.Each script has its own characteristics and is suited to different expressions and moods.For instance,Seal Script is formal and ancient,while Cursive Script is freeflowing and dynamic.Tools of the ArtThe Four Treasures of the Study,which include the brush,ink,paper,and inkstone,are essential to the practice of Chinese calligraphy.The brush,made from animal hair,is chosen for its ability to hold ink and create varied strokes.Ink is made from soot and animal glue,and it is ground on an inkstone with water to the desired consistency.The paper,typically rice paper,is absorbent and allows for the ink to spread in a controlled manner.Techniques and PrinciplesMastering Chinese calligraphy requires discipline and practice.Calligraphers must understand the principles of balance,rhythm,and harmony.Stroke order and direction are crucial,as is the control of pressure and speed when using the brush.The art is not just about replicating characters but about expressing the inner spirit and character of the calligrapher.Cultural and Philosophical SignificanceCalligraphy in China is often seen as a reflection of the calligraphers moral character and cultivation.It is believed that ones calligraphy can reveal their inner self,much like how a persons actions and behavior can.The practice of calligraphy is also a form of meditation and selfcultivation,helping to calm the mind and refine ones character.Modern CalligraphyIn contemporary times,Chinese calligraphy continues to be appreciated and practiced, not only in China but around the world.It has become a symbol of cultural exchange and a means for people to connect with Chinese culture.Modern calligraphers often experiment with new materials and styles,blending traditional techniques with contemporary themes.ConclusionChinese calligraphy is a profound and multifaceted art form that encapsulates the essence of Chinese culture.It is a living tradition that continues to evolve,offering a window into the soul of China and a pathway for personal expression and cultural understanding. Whether one is a practitioner or an admirer,the beauty and depth of Chinese calligraphy offer a rich and rewarding experience.。
中国书法介绍(英文版)Calligraphy Introduction之欧阳结创编
Calligraphy时间：2021.02.15 创作：欧阳班Calligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equalimportance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to itsdevelopment by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary worksand by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regularscript (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing afterthe oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great inconveniencebecause they lacked uniformity and many characters were written invariant forms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it is said, tookplace during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western ZhouDynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, oftenused in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the"curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under one system. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The 2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin (265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting or meandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures ofthe Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
(完整word版)中国书法介绍(英文版)CalligraphyIntroduction
CalligraphyCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equalimportance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to itsdevelopment by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary worksand by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regularscript (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing afterthe oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great inconveniencebecause they lacked uniformity and many characters were written invariant forms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it is said, tookplace during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western ZhouDynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, oftenused in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the"curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under onesystem. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin(265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting ormeandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures ofthe Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is notdry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
中国书法简介英语版-chinese calligraphy(完整版)
content
1.Ancient calligraphy works 2.Recent calligraphers 3. Hard-tipped pen calligraphy(硬笔书法) 4.Questions and answers
1.Ancient calligraphy works
Have you ever noticed these shop signs? Do you know the origin of these fonts?
Hard-tipped pen calligraphy is a new style of calligraphy derived from traditional calligraphy. It is really useful nowadays. Also there are many famous calligraphers.
li calligraphy（隶书），such as caoquan（曹全碑）
Song typeface,created by Qin Hui
华文行楷
方正舒体
华文新魏
1.1 Regular script（楷书） Four calligraphers are famous for their regular script, and the scripts are called ou yan liu zhao（欧颜柳赵),their names are as following: OuYang xun(欧阳询) Yan Zhenqing（颜真卿） Liu Gongquan（柳公权） Zhao Mengfu（赵孟頫）
Three calligraphers are famous for their running hand, and their best running hand are called three best running hand
中国书法介绍(英文版)Calligraphy Introduction之欧阳理创编
Calligraphy时间：2021.03.05 创作：欧阳理Calligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always beenheld in equal importance to painting. Great attention is alsopaid today to its development by holding exhibitions ofancient and contemporary works and by organizingcompetitions among youngsters and people from variouswalks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes a feature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), theregular script (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursivehand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form ofwriting after the oracle inscriptions, which must have causedgreat inconvenience because they lacked uniformity and manycharacters were written in variant forms. The first effort for theunification of writing, it is said, took place during the reign ofKing Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western Zhou Dynasty,when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexiconof 15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under scriptcalled zhuan. It is also known as zhouwen after the name ofthe author. This script, often used in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the "curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under one system. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The 2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin (265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separateone from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting or meandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush,paper, ink stick and ink stone, commonly referred to asthe "Four Treasures of the Study". To learn calligraphy, itis necessary to learn about these tools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into threegroups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence overpainting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
中国书法介绍(英文版)Calligraphy Introduction之欧阳与创编
Calligraphy时间：2021.03.08 创作：欧阳与Calligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always beenheld in equal importance to painting. Great attention isalso paid today to its development by holding exhibitionsof ancient and contemporary works and by organizingcompetitions among youngsters and people from variouswalks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes a feature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script(li), the regular script (kai), the running hand (xing) andthe cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliestform of writing after the oracle inscriptions, which musthave caused great inconvenience because they lackeduniformity and many characters were written in variantforms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it issaid, took place during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B.C.) of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when his taishi (grandhistorian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of 15 chapters,standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. Itis also known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, often used inseals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the "curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under one system. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The 2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin (265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into twoschools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting or meandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need abrush, paper, ink stick and ink stone, commonlyreferred to as the "Four Treasures of the Study". Tolearn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
介绍中国传统文化英语书法
介绍中国传统文化英语书法China has a rich culture that has been passed down from generation to generation. One aspect of Chinese culture that is particularly notable is the art of calligraphy. Calligraphy is the art of writing Chinese characters with a brush, and it is believed to have originated in China over 4,000 years ago.Chinese calligraphy has a unique style and structure, often being referred to as "the art of writing as the art of painting." It is not just the content of the characters that is important but also the way in which they are written. Calligraphy is considered to be a reflection of one's personality, and it takes great skill and practice to become proficient in this art form.There are several different styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own distinct features. The most commonly recognized styles are Seal Script, Clerical Script, Regular Script, Running Script, and Cursive Script. Eachstyle provides a different way to convey meaning through calligraphy.One of the most popular forms of Chinese calligraphy is the Regular Script, which is also known as Kaishu. This style is characterized by its clear and concise lines and is often used in official documents and publications.Chinese calligraphy is not only a form of art but also a way to cultivate one's character. It requires great concentration, patience, and precision. By practicing calligraphy, one can gain an appreciation for the beauty oflife and the importance of balance and harmony.Despite the modernization of the world, the traditional art of Chinese calligraphy continues to be cherished by both Chinese people and people around the world. Many people choose to learn this art form to appreciate the beauty of Chinese culture and to deepen their understanding of the art of writing.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is an ancient art that has a rich history and cultural significance. It is a reflection of Chinese culture and a unique way to cultivate one's character. Through the practice of calligraphy, one can appreciate the beauty of Chinese culture and learn to create a harmonious balance in life.。