医学英语视听说5个翻译句子
医学英语句子翻译
他或她各自不同的人生道路的机会，以及会妨碍他作为一 个独一无二个体经历亲情、爱情和被他人接受的体验。 • 7. A repugnant scenario? Perhaps. But is it a more repugnant
scenario than the destruction of countless foetuses in abortions for reasons often more trivial than the saving of peoples’ lives?
• 虽然这样做会在商业和经济上带来好处，但由
此带来的抗菌素抗药性的代价却是巨大的。
Unit 2 Hello Dolly
• 1. Given that there does not appear to be any scientific
reason why cloning techniques can not be applied in the human context, this raises the possibility of producing human clones not only from the DNA of living human beings, but also from dead ones.
• 使用克隆技术带来的动物福利，以及各种非人体克隆技术
可能对人类带来的好处都被人们的极度恐惧和愤怒抗议所 淹没。
• 3. Since then, bioethicists and scientists have largely dropped the
topic because cloning of mammals did not seem technically feasible, and was therefore thought to be a matter better suited for science fiction than for earnest scientific or philosophical discussion.
医学英语视听说翻译句子
Tr-3 Smallpox….
天花是一种肆虐欧洲长达数百年的疾病。人 一患此病大多死亡；幸存者也会留下疤痕。 对这种灾难的控制是西方医学所取得的第 一个重大成就。
Tr-4 Over the ….
Tr-141 Microbiology…
微生物学是研究那些极其微小，甚至肉眼无 法看到的微生物的学科。这些微生物包括 细菌、真菌、病毒、原生物和兰绿藻类。 作为一个类别，它们通称为微生物，如能 致病，就称为病原体、病菌。需要注意的 是，大部分的微生物并不导致疾病。
Tr-142 Evenபைடு நூலகம்before….
过去的两百年间，通过接种牛痘预防天花， 最终彻底消灭了这种疾病的自然发生。
Tr-5 This work….
此项工作最终导致他提出了科赫假说。这个 假说认为，如欲认定某种细菌是某一特定 疾病的病因，首先必须将细菌分离出来， 然后接种于健康宿主，并且宿主能够感染 与原被感染的生物相同的疾病。
医学口语对话：医生问话英文翻译
1、let me take a look in your ears, first. ⾸先，让我看⼀下你的⽿朵。
2、now let me examine your nose. 现在让我检查你的⿐⼦。
3、look right at me,please. 请看着我。
4、now open your mouth. 现在张开你的嘴。
5、open it just as wide as you can. 尽量把嘴张⼤。
6、i'm not going to do anything to hurt you. 我不会使你感到疼痛。
7、lift your tongue up to the roof of your mouth. 把你的⾆头抬到上腭。
8、now let your tongue down. 现在把你的⾆头放下来。
9、just breathe easily through your mouth. 只⽤嘴轻轻地呼吸。
10、please say,"ah'. "请说"啊"。
11、now i want to look in your throat with my mirror. 现在我要⽤喉镜检查你的咽喉。
12、would you come toward me just a little? 稍向我靠近⼀点好吗？ 13、stick your tongue way out. 把你的⾆头伸出来。
14、look at the ceiling. 看天花板。
1、what's the matter? 什么事？ 2、what's your complaint? 什么病？ 3、what can i do for you? 我能效劳什么？ 4、is there anything wrong? 有什么不对劲吗？ 5、what exactly is wrong? 到底有什么不对劲呢？ 6、what symptoms do you have? 你有什么症状？ 7、is there anything particularly unusual? 有什么特别不⼀样的吗？ 8、what's the trouble? 什么⽑病？ 9、when did it happen? 是什么时候发⽣的？ 10、since when has it hurt? 受伤多久了？ 11、since when? 从什么时候？ 12、when did this start? 从什么时候开始的？ 13、when did you start having this problem? 你从什么时候开始有这⽑病的？ 14、when did this trouble start? 这⽑病是从什么时候开始的？ 15、how long has it been bothering you?。
医学英语视听说教程,疾病预防与治疗
医学英语视听说教程：疾病预防与治疗
医学英语是一种特殊的英语，它主要用于医学术语、药物学、医疗和疾病预防及治疗等方面。
为了帮助大家更好地掌握医学英语，本教程将深入讨论疾病预防与治疗。
疾病预防是指采取有效措施预防疾病发生，包括采取措施改善环境、改善营养、科学运动、控制艾滋病、结核病、高血压等疾病的发生。
在医学英语中，这些疾病的预防通常以“preventive measures”、“preventive health care”、“preventive medicine”等形式表达。
疾病治疗是指通过药物治疗、术式治疗、放疗、护理等措施治疗疾病的过程。
具体的治疗措施可以用“treatment”、“therapy”、“surgery”、“radiation therapy”等表达。
此外，还有一些其他有关疾病预防和治疗的术语，如“vaccination”（疫苗接种）、“public health”（公共卫生）、“epidemiology”（流行病学）、“disease surveillance”（疾病监测）等。
本教程将帮助学习者更好地掌握医学英语的疾病预防与治疗的术语，以及如何使用这些术语正确表达这一重要领域的概念，以便为提高医学英语水平做出贡献。
医学英语视听说Unit9翻译
翻译3 Whenever possible, psychologists settle disputes by collecting data (observed facts) that can be verified by two or more independent observers.
翻译1
Psychology is memory, stress, therapy, love, persuasion, hypnosis, perception, death, conformity, creativity, learning, personality, ageing, intelligence, sexuality, emotion, and many, many more topics.
有用的知识始于准确的描述，但描述却不能 回答重要的“为什么”问题。
正如所见，气温较高与按喇叭时间增长明 显相关（这也许就是为什么汽车安装的是 喇叭而不是大炮）。
翻译5 Useful knowledge begins with accurate description, but descriptions fail to answer the important “why” questions.
心理学是研究记忆、压力、治疗、情爱、规劝、睡眠、感 知、死亡、从众心理、创造能力、学习过程、人格形成、 衰老、智力、性趣、情感等的学科。
翻译2 Often it takes skillful detective work to deduce what is happening internally from what can be observed directly.
医学英语视听说environment and diseases
医学英语视听说environment and diseases Environment and Diseases。
The environment plays a crucial role in shaping our health and well-being. It can either promote or hinder the occurrence of diseases. In this article, we will explore the relationship between the environment and various diseases, highlighting the impact of environmental factors on our health.Air pollution is one of the most significant environmental factors that contribute to the development of respiratory diseases. The inhalation of pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide can lead to respiratory infections, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies have shown that individuals living in areas with high levels of air pollution have a higher risk of developing these conditions. To mitigate the effects of air pollution, it is essential to reduce emissions from industrial sources, promote cleaner energy alternatives, and improve indoor air quality through proper ventilation and filtration systems.Water quality is another critical aspect of the environment that can impact our health. Contaminated water sources can transmit various waterborne diseases, including diarrhea, cholera, and hepatitis. Inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices further exacerbate the risk of these diseases. Access to clean and safe drinking water, along with proper sanitation facilities, is vital in preventing waterborne illnesses. Governments and organizations should invest in infrastructure development to ensure clean water supply and promote hygiene education in communities.The built environment, including our homes, schools, and workplaces, also influences our health. Poor housing conditions, such as dampness, mold, and inadequate ventilation, can contribute to the development of respiratory conditions like allergies and asthma. Additionally, overcrowded living conditions and lack of access to green spaces can negatively impact mental health, leading to stress and depression. Creating healthy built environments involves implementing regulations for housing quality, promotinggreen urban planning, and providing recreational spaces for physical and mental well-being.The impact of climate change on health cannot be ignored. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changing precipitation patterns have far-reaching consequences on human health. Heatwaves can cause heatstroke and exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. Increased frequency and intensity of storms can lead to injuries and the spread of infectious diseases. Changes in precipitation patterns can affect water availability and quality, leading to food and waterborne illnesses. Mitigating the effects of climate change requires global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to changing conditions, and strengthen healthcare systems' capacity to respond to climate-related health risks.Furthermore, exposure to environmental toxins and chemicals can have detrimental effects on our health. Pesticides, heavy metals, and industrial pollutants have been linked to various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and reproductive issues. It is crucial to regulate the use and disposal of these substances, promote safer alternatives, and educate the public about potential risks.In conclusion, the environment plays a significant role in the occurrence and prevention of diseases. Air pollution, water quality, the built environment, climate change, and exposure to toxins all have profound impacts on our health. By addressing these environmental factors, implementing effective policies, and promoting sustainable practices, we can create a healthier and safer environment for all. Our collective efforts are essential in safeguarding our well-being and preventing the burden of environmentally-induced diseases.。
[医学]医学英语视听说+heart+health
![[医学]医学英语视听说+heart+health](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b2d12c4f0b4e767f5acfcef0.png)
• The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
crooked crown (coronary comes from the Latin coronarius,
belonging to a crown or wreath). They carry out about 130 gallons of blood through the heart muscle daily.”
•Almost 150,000 Americans killed by CVD each year are under age 65.
Q&A
What happened to John? What do you think is the reason causing the
heart attack? What’s the diagnosis? What’s the treatment?
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis --fatty deposits of cholesterol
Page 86, listen to Cardiovascular diDisease
医学英语视听说 +heart+health
•Is a muscle about the size of your clenched fist •Weighs approximately one pound •Is located behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone •Pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood every minute
学医英语口语
学医英语口语1. Good morning, how can I help you today? - 早上好，我今天能帮你什么吗？2. Could you please describe your symptoms? - 你能描述一下你的症状吗？3. When did your symptoms start? - 你的症状什么时候开始的？4. Have you tried any home remedies for your condition? - 你有尝试过家庭疗法治疗吗？5. Are you currently taking any medication? - 你正在服用药物吗？6. Have you had any previous medical conditions or surgeries? - 你之前有过什么病症或手术吗？7. How would you rate your pain on a scale of 1 to 10? - 你能把你的疼痛程度在1到10之间打几分？8. Have you noticed any patterns or triggers for your symptoms? -你有没有注意到任何疗效或诱发你症状的因素？9. Are there any allergies we should be aware of? - 有没有任何过敏反应我们需要知道的？10. Let's schedule some tests to further assess your condition. - 让我们安排一些测试来进一步评估您的状况。
11. Based on your symptoms, it appears you may have [condition]. - 根据您的症状看起来你可能有[病症]。
12. I'm going to prescribe some medication for you to take. - 我将给你开一些药物。
医学英语视听说教程1答案
医学英语视听说教程1答案今天带我们去了她朋友家的农场，农场非常大，感觉上有点像宽阔的蒙古草原。
Today FIONA took us to her friend's farm, farm is so big, a bit like the broad grasslands of Mongolia feel.农场主教我们怎样挤牛奶，我知道了挤牛奶的时候是，手指不能上下移动，手向上的时候，手指应捏住奶头，这样奶才会出来。
我照着农场主的示范做了，白花花的牛奶从奶头中喷射出来，溅得我满脸。
Farm bishop we how to milk a cow, I know the milking time, fingers can not move up and down, hands up, fingers pinch the nipple, so that milk will come out. I follow the farmers do the demonstration, shining white milk is ejected from the nipple, I face a splash.随后同行的REX也开始学着挤，谁知好玩的事情发生了，他刚一伸手，奶牛竟开始撒尿了，搞得大家笑作一团，可以用人仰马翻来形容我们当时的情景。
Then the counterparts of REX also began to learn to squeeze, who knows the funny thing happened, he just put out a hand, the cow began to urinate, make you laugh, can be used to describe the scene at that time we utterly routed.在农场里我用奶瓶喂小奶牛BB，它把奶瓶扯来扯去，特别调皮。
英语视听说2(40句听写句子)
英语视听说2（40句听写句子）一、1、If the placenta remains in the uterus for too long, then the patient maybleed.2、A miscarriage is the natural loss of a pregnancy before the twentieth week.3、Premature or preterm births are defined as live births before a womancompletes thirty-seven weeks of pregnancy.4、The researchers say the maternal death rate has been falling almost oneand a half percent a year since 1990, but the new study disputes that.5、I suggest that you have an examination of routine blood and urine, liverfunction and blood group, take more nourishment and avoid sexual relations. 二、1、The truth is there are a lot of simple ways you can bond with your baby.2、Breastfeeding benefits your baby by providing antibodies for your baby’simmune system and nutrients that are easy to digest.3、Babies’crying is normal and just their natural way of communicating theirneeds to their mother and is no cause for alarm.4、Difficulties arise when your baby takes very frequent, short and reluctantnaps.5、The report shows immunization has greatly reduced morbidity and mortalityof infants across the world.三、1、Whooping cough (pertussis) is an infection of the respiratory system causedby the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.2、Chicken pox is a highly contagious but non-threatening disease caused byprimary infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV).3、Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is an illness that causes sores in or on themouth and on the hands, feet, and sometimes the buttocks and legs.4、Measles is a highly infectious viral illness which can possibly lead to seriouscomplications, including blindness and even death.5、Diarrhea refers to the passage of loose or watery stools or an increasedfrequency of stools for the child and occurs at some point in the life of nearly every child.四、1、Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child’s body maturesinto an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.2、Once a boy reaches his teenage years, erections occur much morefrequently due to puberty.3、The major landmark of puberty for females is menarche, the onset ofmenstruation, which occurs on average between ages 12 and 13.4、The pregnancy rate among teenage girls in the United States has jumpedfor the first time in more than a decade.5、During puberty, many parents will notice a natural tendency in theirchildren to seek greater independence.五、1、Young adults may face the same health risks as the adolescents.2、The report shows that young adults often lack health insurance coverage.3、Young adults are generally in good health, subject neither to disease northe problems of senescence.4、Although young adults are in the best health of people of any age group,they tend to experience the most stress.5、According to Erikson, in the initial stage of being an adult, we seek one ormore companions and love.六、1、Mid-life crisis is an emotionally uncomfortable period that men and womengo through between the age of 35 and 55.2、If your spouse is going through a mid-life crisis, the biggest mistake you canmake is attempting to communicate with your spouse.3、A man’s hormones naturally start to decline during their late forties or earlyfifties, and this process is called andropause.4、Occupational health should aim at the promotion and maintenance of thehighest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations.5、Job burnout is the exhaustion of physical or emotional strength ormotivation usually as a result of prolonged stress or frustration.七、1、Nerve cells die in areas of the brain that are vital to memory and othermental abilities.2、Research has shown that many elderly people use both hemispheres moreequally, thus processing bilaterally.3、As people live longer, there is growing pressure to develop a drug orvaccine that stops dementia.4、In the past, dementia could be diagnosed only by doing an autopsy afterthe patient died.5、Older people spend less time in deeper, non-REM sleep, and their wholebody clock or circadian rhythm moves forward.八、1、Terminal illness is to describe a disease that is expected to result in the deathof the patient within a short period of time.2、Hospice is a type of care and a philosophy of care that focuses on thepalliation of a seriously ill patient’s symptoms.3、Psychotherapy refers to therapeutic interaction or treatment contractedbetween a trained professional and a client, patient, family, couple, or group.4、Euthanasia refers to the practice of intentionally ending a life in order torelieve pain and suffering.5、Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, andcan therefore produce a wide range of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia.。
医学英语看医生常用英语词汇及情景对话
医学英语：看医生常用英语词汇及情景对话角色分配：A：病人B：医生情景对话：1、Tell me what's wrong.告诉我怎么了?A:Tell me what's wrong.告诉我怎么了?B:I've been coughing.我一直咳嗽.2、I need to ask you some questions before the doctor sees you.医生看诊前我得先问你一些问题.A:I need to ask you some questions before the doctor sees you.医生看诊前我得先问你一些问题.B:Ok, no problem!好的!3、Do you drink?平常有喝酒吗?A:Do you drink?平常有喝酒吗?B:No,I don't drink at all.我不喝酒的。
4、Do you smoke?平常有抽烟吗?A:Do you smoke?平常有抽烟吗?B:Yes ，one pack per day.有,一天一包.5、Are you currently on any medication?目前有服用任何药物吗?A:Are you currently on any medication?目前有服用任何药物吗?B:No.I'm not.没有.6、Is there a history of heart disease in your family?家族中有没有心脏方面的疾病史?A:Is there a history of heart disease in your family?家族中有没有心脏方面的疾病史?B:Yes,my father had a heart attack once.有的,我父亲曾经心脏突发过一次.7、Are you allergic to anything?有没有任何过敏呢?A:Are you allergic to anything?有没有任何过敏呢?B:Yes, I am allergic to aspirin.有的，我对阿司匹林过敏.8、Do you have any allergies?有没有任何过敏呢?A:Do you have any allergies?有没有任何过敏呢?B:Yes.I can't eat certain kinds of seafood.有的,我对一些海鲜过敏.9、The doctor will see you shortly.医生马上就来为你看诊.A:Please Wait a moment.The doctor will see you shortly. 请等一下.医生马上就来为你看诊了.B:All right.好的。
医学英语视听说之每单元所听写的五句话
1.Having a good diet is probably the best way to stay healthy.拥有一个好的饮食习惯可能是保持健康的最好方法2.Fruits and vegetables are the foundation of a healthy diet.水果和蔬菜是健康饮食的基础Healthy eating habits are your ticket to a healthier body and mind.3.健康的饮食习惯是你获得身心健康的方法。
Organic foods are healthier for you and better for the environment.4.有机食品对人体而言更健康，对环境更为友好。
The long term goal of healthy eating is to feel good, have more energy, and reduce the risk of cancer and disease.5.健康饮食的长期目标是感觉良好,有更多的能量,并减少癌症和疾病的风险。
第二单元1.食物疗法是一种通过天然食品,而不是药物治疗。
Food therapy is a practice of healing through natural foods instead of medications.2.食用健康粗粮和纤维添可能会降低糖尿病的风险Adding healthy whole grains and fiber to a diet may reduce the risk of diabetes.3.吃富含铁的食物可以帮助你对抗贫血Eating foods rich in iron can help you combat anemia.4.自古希腊以来，鸡汤一直被称赞为保守治疗的药物。
Chicken soup has been praised as a cold remedy since the ancient Greek5.预防癌症当中，避免食用加工食物很重要。
医学英语视听说5个翻译句子
Tr-132 The biochemical…
• 生化药理学将药物当做探针，以发现生物 合成途径及其药代动力学方面的新信息， 还研究药物如何纠正导致人类疾病的种种 生化异常。
Tr-133 Researchers…
• 研究人员不仅观察各种药物对动脉压力、 特定的血管床内血流的作用；也观察药物 对各种生理和药理介质释放的影响；还观 察对源于中枢神经系统各种结构的神经活 动的影响。
Tr-134 Research in …
• 免疫药理学的研究涉及器官移植手术中所 用的免疫抑制剂的研究；还涉及到用来增 强免疫应答能力的药物的研发，而增强免 疫应答能力正是治疗艾滋病之类的疾病所 必须的。
Tr-135 Clinical…பைடு நூலகம்
• 临床药理学家研究研究药物功能、药物间 的相互作用；研究药效如何改变病程以及 疾病如何改变药效。
分析化学生物化学细胞和分子生物学遗传学免疫学药化学微生物学病理学和生理生化药理学将药物当做探针以发现生物合成途径及其药代动力学方面的新信息还研究药物如何纠正导致人类疾病的种种生化异常
Tr-131 Pharmacology….
• 药理学从广度上讲是真正的多学科性的。 药理学的研究与众多学科的主要内容和实 验技术紧密地联系在一起：分析化学、生 物化学、细胞和分子生物学、遗传学、免 疫学、药化学、微生物学、病理学和生理 学。
医学英语视听说
Medical English Watching Listening and Speaking 医学英语视听说考试资料Test Introduction：Part 1：名词解释Part 2：简答Part 3：病例分析Part 4：体检Questions For Diagnosis &Treatment-Chest Pain 1．Possible DiseaseM.I.(myocardial infarction)心肌堵塞Angina 心绞痛Pericarditis心包炎Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Pneumothorax 气胸Cholecystitis胆囊炎Severe indigestion严重消化不良Pneumonia 肺炎Pancreatitis胰腺炎Musculoskelrtal 骨骼系统性疼痛2．Descriptions of PainAches疼痛,,throbbing悸痛,pulsing疼痛，stings 刺痛\like a stabbing pain, Sharp pain,comes in waves ,sudden pain,My chest feels tightIt feels like a tight band around my chestPressure ,压迫感3. Useful SentencesFor Chest PainHow LongWhat does the pain feel like?Show me where the pain is?Is the pain just in that area or does it spead anywhere else?Do u have any pain in ur shoulder or down ur left arm?Is the pain constant there all the time?Does the pain get worse when u ----breathe in or out?----walk around or do heavy work?What painkillers did u have?Aspirin〔阿司匹林,paracetamol(扑热息痛)Here are the Forms〔化验单〕，U Need to have some blood test, X-ray,and ECG right away！Ur results show that u have ----,I am afraid u will have to be admitted into hospital for treatment (住院治疗)U need to have intravenous antibiotics (静脉输液)，and oral medication (口服药)。
医学英语视听说(2020年整理).pdf
Medical English Watching Listening and Speaking 医学英语视听说考试资料Test Introduction：Part 1：名词解释Part 2：简答Part 3：病例分析Part 4：体检Questions For Diagnosis &Treatment-Chest Pain 1．Possible DiseaseM.I.(myocardial infarction)心肌梗塞Angina 心绞痛Pericarditis心包炎Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Pneumothorax 气胸Cholecystitis胆囊炎Severe indigestion严重消化不良Pneumonia 肺炎Pancreatitis胰腺炎Musculoskelrtal 骨骼系统性疼痛2．Descriptions of PainAches疼痛,,throbbing悸痛,pulsing疼痛，stings 刺痛\like a stabbing pain, Sharp pain,comes in waves ,sudden pain,My chest feels tightIt feels like a tight band around my chestPressure ,压迫感3. Useful SentencesFor Chest PainHow LongWhat does the pain feel like?Show me where the pain is?Is the pain just in that area or does it spead anywhere else?Do u have any pain in ur shoulder or down ur left arm?Is the pain constant there all the time?Does the pain get worse when u ----breathe in or out?----walk around or do heavy work?What painkillers did u have?Aspirin（阿司匹林,paracetamol(扑热息痛)Here are the Forms（化验单），U Need to have some blood test, X-ray,and ECG right away！Ur results show that u have ----,I am afraid u will have to be admitted into hospital for treatment (住院治疗)U need to have intravenous antibiotics (静脉输液)，and oral medication (口服药)。
常用医学英语口语对话
常用医学英语口语对话1. Patient Registration (患者登记)- English: "What seems to be the problem today?"- 中文: "今天您感觉哪里不舒服？"2. Taking Medical History (询问病史)- English: "Have you been experiencing any pain?"- 中文: "您有没有感到疼痛？"3. Physical Examination (体格检查)- English: "Please take a deep breath and exhale slowly."- 中文: "请深呼吸，然后慢慢呼气。
"4. Prescribing Medication (开药)- English: "I'm going to prescribe you some medication for your infection."- 中文: "我将为您开一些治疗感染的药物。
"5. Explaining Procedures (解释程序)- English: "You will need to fast for at least 8 hours before the test."- 中文: "在做这个检查之前，您需要空腹至少8小时。
"6. Giving Instructions (给予指导)- English: "Take two tablets with water after meals, three times a day."- 中文: "饭后用水服用两片药，一天三次。
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Tr-134 Research in …
• 免疫药理学的研究涉及器官移植手术中所 用的免疫抑制剂的研究；还涉及到用来增 强免疫应答能力的药物的研发，而增强免 疫应答能力正是治疗艾滋病之类的疾病所 必须的。
Tr-131 Pharmacology….
• 药理学从广度上讲是真正的多学科性的。 药理学的研究与众多学科的主要内容和实 验技术紧密地联系在一起：分析化学、生 物化学、细胞和分子生物学、遗传学、免 疫学、药化学、微生物学、病理学和生理 学。
Tr-132 The biochemical…
• 生化药理学将药物当做探针，以发现生物 合成途径及其药代动力学方面的新信息， 还研究药物如何纠正导致人类疾病的种种 生化异常。
Tr-135 Clinical…
• 临床药理学家研究研究药物功能、药物间 的相互作用；研究药效如何改变病程以及 疾病如何改变药效。