英语动词不定式语法知识点归纳总结
第十二章动词不定式(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳
第十二章动词不定式思维导图知识梳理一、不定式概述动词不定式的基本形式是:“t o+动词原形”,有时可以不带to.不带to的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词do和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分-主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.不定式有时态、语态变化(以do为例):动词不定式的句法作用(一)作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.To obey the laws is everyone's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责.How to use the computer is a question.怎么使用计算机是一个问题.How to get there is not decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来.点拨(1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后.It was difficult to sell my car.我的车很难卖掉.It's not known where to stay for the night.在哪里过夜还不知道.(2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个for短语.It will be a regret for us not to help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾.(3)在某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼.(二)作表语作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语.The question is when to start.问题是什么时候启程.You seem to have lost weight.你好像减肥了.What we have to do first is to find a solution.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法.点拨当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义.(三)作宾语能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等.Do you wish to see the manager?你想见经理吗?They decided to learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语.Don't forget to meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面.有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show,understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语.We don't know who(whom)to ask.我们不知道问谁.We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站.Have you decided where to go for your holidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?I don't know whether to apply for the job or not?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请?(四)作定语I have no time to waste.我没有时间可浪费.Let me find a place to park.我来找个停车的地方.He is always the first to come to work and the last to leave.他总是第一个来上班,最后一个走.点拨不定式修饰something, anything, nothing时,放在它们的后面.如果something, anything, nothing 有形容词来修饰,词序是something(nothing...)+形容词+不定式.My father had something to do.我父亲有事要办.Have you got anything important to buy?你有什么重要的东西要买吗?(五)作状语不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等.一般放在被修饰词之后,但在表示目的时,为了强调也可放在句首.1.作目的状语为加强语气在否定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组(即:in order to...,so as to...),作状语表示目的.To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品.I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量.2.作结果状语表结果,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语.在“so...as to...”“such...as to..“enough to...”“only to...”以及“too...to...”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果.She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了.He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉,没法开车回家.3.作原因状语She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸,她就不寒而栗.We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息,我们都高兴地跳了起来.(六)宾语补足语1、有很多动词的后面都可以有不定式作宾语补足语常见的这类动词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等.She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏.Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭.2.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这种动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,另一类是使役动词感觉动词:如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等.使役动词:如make, let, have等.Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.Don't let her go out.别让她出去.I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干.(1)动词help之后,复合宾语中的不定式可带to,亦可不带to.在上述动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式必须带to.He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院.I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业.Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗?(2)感官动词的宾语补足语有两种形式:不带to的不定式和动词-ing形式.I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(路过的瞬间正在唱,所以用singing)We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(经常听见,用不定式)I saw him come in.I saw him coming in.两句话的意思都一样:我看见他进来.用不定式着重于动作的全过程,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作的进行情况.3.当谓语动词为think, make, find, consider, feel, regard等词,作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在补足语的后面I find it easy to learn English well.我发现要把英语学好很容易.三、不定式的主要句型及注意事项(一)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式:not+不定式,经常和ask(tell)sb. to do sth.句型连用.She asked me not to drive him to the station.她要我不要开车送他到车站.Try not to be late.争取不要迟到.Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米.She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来.点拨不定式的否定式和否定句的区别:I asked him not to open the door.我让他别把门打开.I didn't ask him to open the door.我没让他把门打开.(二)不定式的进行时态进行式:表示在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行.It's nice to be sitting here with you.在这儿陪你坐着是非常愉快的.It is unwise for him to be talking that topic all the time.他老是谈论这件事,很不明智.(三)不定式的完成时态完成式表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生时已经完成.She said she was sorry to have missed you.她说她没见到你很遗憾.He seemed to have visited our factory.他好像参观过我们的工厂.They appeared to have met before.他们看来以前见过面.(四)动词不定式的被动语态表示被动意义I didn't want to be told about it.我不想被告知这件事.Nothing seems to have been forgotten.似乎什么也没有被遗忘.The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago.据说这幢大楼两年前已毁于一场大火.在以某些形容词,如kind, good, silly, honest, bad, stupid, bold, clever, cruel,courteous, nice, rude, sensible, tactful, wise, wrong等作表语时,后面需用以“of+名词(或代词宾格)+不定式”结构,以说明不定式所表示的动作的执行者是谁(即of短语是不定式的逻辑主语).It's very good of you to come.谢谢你的光临.How silly of you (it is)to make such a mistake!你出了这样的差错,多傻啊!It's very kind of you to say so.多谢你这么说.在had better, had best, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner, would sooner...than, cannot but, do nothing but等结构后面的不定式要省略“to”.You had better write it in English.你最好用英文写.I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里.好题精练一、用-ing形式或不定式的适当形式完成句子1.Do you enjoy_________ football?(play)2.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided_________ a job.(take)3.We're going out for dinner, Would you like_________ us?(join)4.The teacher reminded the students_________ their test paper on time.(finish)5.When I was tired, I enjoyed_________ TV.(watch)6.It was a nice day, so the old man agreed_________ for a walk.(go)7.I'm not in a hurry, I don't mind_________.(wait)答案:1.playing2.to take3.to join4.to finish5.watching6.to go7.waiting二、选择括号内所给词组完成句子,注意括号内“go+v.-ing形式”构成固定搭配的用法(go boating; go fishing; go dancing; go running; go skating; go hunting; go singing)1.She's a good dancer. She always_________ on Saturday.2.I've got a gun. I'll_________ with that strong hunter next weekend.3.“Where is Tim?”“He has. _________ He always runs in the morning.”4.We have enough fish to eat. Our father_________ every day.答案:1.goes dancing2.go hunting3.gone running4.goes fishing三、仿照示例改写下列句子示例:It is very interesting to play baseball.→ To play baseball is very interesting.1.lt was not polite to speak that way before Mr. Lee.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.It can be quite easy to travel by air.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.lt will be no problem to arrive there before noon.____________________________________________________________________________________________4.To make those strangers believe us was so difficult.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.To help Tom speak Chinese well is not at all easy.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.To speak that way before Mr. Lee was not polite.2.To travel by air can be quite easy.3.To arrive there before noon will be no problem.4.It was so difficult to make those strangers believe us.5.It is not at all easy to help Tom (to) speak Chinese well.四、选择填空1. _________ the bookstore, he stopped_________ a few books.A. Passing; buyingB. Passing; to buyC. To pass; buyingD. Having passed; to buy2.Bruce,look at your dirty shoes, You'd better_________ them right now.A. washedB. washingC. washD. to wash3. _________ the room, I found the computer_________.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; stolenC. To enter; stealD. To enter; stealing4.We've worked hard for nearly one hour. Let's stop_________ a rest now.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. have had5.My mother always tells me not_________ to the net bars(网吧).A. goB. to goC. goesD. going6.The teacher asked us_________ English for half an hour in the morning.A. reads B reading C. to read D. read7.You will have to get up early tomorrow. Stop_________ TV, Peter.A. watchesB. watchC. to watchD. watching8.I find it hard_________ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns9.The teacher asked John_________ a short talk in our class meeting.A. giveB. to giveC. gaveD. giving10.The girl was too poor_________ a houseA. to buy; to live inB. to buy ;to liveC. buy; to liveD. buying; living in11.It was very late at night, but Mr. Brown still went on_________.A. works B .worked C. working D. work12.Remember_________ him about it before he goes away.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. to telling13.Lin Tao is strong enough_________ the big box.A. carryB. to carryC. carryingD. carries14.Her mother told her_________ in bed.A. not readB. not to readC. don't readD. to not read15.When class began, we stopped_________ to the teacher carefully.A. listeningB. listenC. listens D .to listen16.You'd better_________ the cinema by bus.A. don't goB. to goC. to go toD. go to17.What did the manager_________ you to_________ at the meeting?A. tell; sayB. ask; speakC. tell; speakD. ask; talk18.Tom was let_________ in the gate house.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. to have waited19.Mr.Hu has enough time_________ the job in two days.A. finishB. to finishC. finishingD. finished20.Look,the building_________ is our library.A. is repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repairing21. _________ no money, I could not buy this coat.A. HaveB. HavingC. To haveD. Have had22.The teacher has something important_________ us.A. to tellB. tellsC. tellingD. told23.Li Ming didn't know_________ next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. how to doD. what do24.I'd love_________ to your birthday party.A. comeB. cameC. to comeD. comes25.It took me two hours_________ by bus.A. to get thereB. to get to thereC. get thereD. get to there答案:1-5BCBBB 6-10CDCBA11-15CBBBD 16-20DABBB21-25 BABCA五、改正下列句子的错误1.He seems to not hear from her.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I hope see you soon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I made them to give the money back.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The scientist gave us some advice on how learning English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.No one noticed him to leave the room.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Have you given up to smoke?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.We found him waited at the school gate.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Why not to turn off the light?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.She didn't want me go.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.I don't know to swim.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.China is a developed country belonging to the third world.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.It's getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.He said he had an important meeting to attended.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.They don't allow that people smoke.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.It's difficult sell my car.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.He seems not to...2.I hope to see...3.I made them give...4....how to learn...5....him leave...6....given up smoking?7...him waiting...8.Why not turn off...9.She didn't want me to go.10.I don't know how to swim.11....a developing...12....to live in13....to attend.14. ...people to smoke.15...to sell my car.。
不定式知识点归纳总结
不定式知识点归纳总结不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,在句中可以作为名词、形容词或副词使用,具有无人称、无时态和无语态的特点。
在语法上,不定式是一个复合结构,由to + 动词原形构成。
本文旨在归纳总结不定式的用法和相关知识点。
一、作名词用的不定式1. 作主语不定式可作主语,常用结构为:To + 动词原形。
例如:To learn a foreign language is challenging.(学习外语很有挑战性。
)2. 作宾语不定式可作及物动词的宾语,常用结构为:动词 + 不定式。
例如:She wants to visit her grandparents.(她想去看望她的祖父母。
)3. 作介词的宾语不定式可作介词的宾语,常见的介词有:to, for, about, of, in, on等。
例如:I am looking forward to meeting you.(我期待着见到你。
)4. 作表语不定式可作表语,常用结构为:主语 + be动词 + 不定式。
例如:Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生。
)二、作形容词用的不定式1. 修饰名词不定式可用来修饰名词,常见结构为:a(n) + 形容词 + 不定式。
例如:He has a lot of work to do.(他有很多工作要做。
)2. 修饰不定代词不定式可用来修饰不定代词,常见的不定代词有:something, nothing, everything, someone, anyone, no one等。
例如:There is nothing to worry about.(没有什么可担心的。
)三、作副词用的不定式1. 修饰动词不定式可以修饰动词,表示动作发生的目的、结果等。
常见结构为:动词 + 不定式。
例如:He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买了些食品杂货。
初二不定式知识点归纳总结
初二不定式知识点归纳总结不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,由to + 动词原形构成。
在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,是英语语法中重要的一部分。
在初二阶段,学生需要掌握不定式的基本用法和常见结构。
本文将对初二学习不定式的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、不定式作主语不定式作主语时,常用句型为:It + be + 形容词 + 不定式。
例如:1. It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。
2. It is necessary to finish the homework on time. 及时完成作业是必要的。
二、不定式作宾语不定式可以作为动词的宾语。
常见的动词有:hope, want, like, love, need, plan等。
例如:1. I want to go shopping with my friends. 我想和朋友们去购物。
2. She needs to study hard for the exam. 她需要为考试努力学习。
三、不定式作表语不定式作表语时,常用句型为:主语 + be + 不定式。
例如:1. His dream is to become a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
2. The goal of our project is to promote environmental protection. 我们项目的目标是促进环境保护。
四、不定式作定语不定式可以修饰名词或代词,起到定语的作用。
例如:1. I have a lot of books to read. 我有很多书要读。
2. She is a girl to trust. 她是一个值得信任的女孩。
五、不定式作状语不定式可以作为动词的状语,表示目的、结果、原因等。
例如:1. She went to the library to borrow some books. 她去图书馆借书。
七年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结
七年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结以下是七年级下册英语的部分语法知识点归纳总结:一、动词不定式1. 定义:动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的,具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2. 用法:动词不定式在句子中表示未来的动作,可以在句子中代替从句,使句子结构更加简洁。
常和“to”一起使用的动词有“like”、“hate”、“want”、“wish”、“decide”、“learn”、“plan”等。
二、情态动词1. 定义:情态动词是用来表示说话人的态度或观点的助动词,通常在句中起到修饰谓语动词的作用。
2. 用法:常见的情态动词有“can”、“could”、“may”、“might”、“must”、“need”、“ought to”、“dare”、“shall”、“will”等。
情态动词后接动词原形,表示现在或将来的动作。
三、现在分词1. 定义:现在分词是动词的一种形式,具有形容词的特征,可以表示正在进行的动作或状态。
2. 用法:现在分词可以作定语、表语和状语。
常和“-ing”一起使用的动词有“seeing”、“feeling”、“thinking”、“doing”、“being”等。
四、介词短语1. 定义:介词短语是由介词和名词或代词构成的短语,用来表示时间、地点、方式等。
2. 用法:介词短语在句子中可以作状语、定语和表语。
常见的介词有“in”、“on”、“at”、“for”、“with”、“by”等。
五、连词1. 定义:连词是用来连接两个句子或从句的词语,表示它们之间的关系。
2. 用法:常见的连词有“and”、“but”、“or”、“so”、“because”、“if”等。
连词在句子中起到承上启下的作用,使句子的意思更加清晰。
以上是七年级下册英语的部分语法知识点归纳总结,希望对你有所帮助。
英语语法学习:动词不定式用法的9个知识要点集锦
英语语法学习:动词不定式用法的9个知识要点集锦
1. 不定式的形式:
基本形式:“to+动原”
否定形式:“to”前加“not”
疑问形式:“疑问词+to+动原”
被动形式:“to be +过去分词”
完成形式:“to have +过去分词”
关于以上形式的例句:
It began to rain.
Tell him not to come.
What to do is still unknow
I never expect my bike to be found.
Tom seems to have finished his work.
注意,不定式都有“将要做”的暗示,但是在不定式的完成式中,却是“已经做了”。
2. 不定式的功能:
动词不定式可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
但也有动词的特征,后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。
不定式的功能:
To see is to believe. (作主语和表语)。
史上最完整的动词不定式用法规律知识点总结
史上最完整的动词不定式用法规律知识点总结动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式。
它可以充当名词、形容词或副词,具有广泛的用途和特定的语法规则。
本文将为您总结史上最完整的动词不定式用法规律知识点,帮助您更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,例如:to study、to eat、to sleep 等。
它可以作为名词、形容词或副词在句子中进行修饰或起其他功能。
二、动词不定式作为名词动词不定式可以作为名词在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
1. 作主语:To learn a foreign language is beneficial.学习一门外语是有益的。
2. 作宾语:She wants to go shopping.她想去购物。
3. 作表语:His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作同位语:His goal, to win the championship, motivates him to practice every day.为了赢得冠军,他每天都在努力。
三、动词不定式作为形容词动词不定式可以作为形容词修饰名词,通常在名词之前。
1. 修饰名词:I have a book to read.我有一本要读的书。
2. 修饰人:She is the person to ask for help.她是可以求助的人。
四、动词不定式作为副词动词不定式可以作为副词修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示目的、结果、原因等。
1. 修饰动词:He bought a new computer to play games.他买了一台新电脑来玩游戏。
2. 修饰形容词:She is too tired to continue working.她太累了,无法继续工作。
3. 修饰副词:He speaks English fluently enough to communicate with foreigners.他的英语说得足够流利,可以与外国人交流。
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式动词的不定式是英语中的重要语法现象之一,学好不定式的用法可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语。
本文将对初中英语中动词的不定式进行归纳总结,以便同学们能够更加系统地掌握这一知识点。
一、动词的不定式形式英语中的动词不定式形式为“to + 动词原形”,其中“to”为不定式符号。
不定式的形式通常不受主语的人称和数的限制,一般用作动词、名词、形容词的宾语或补语。
二、不定式作动词的宾语动词不定式可以作为其他动词的宾语,常见的动词有:want, hope, plan, like, love, hate, enjoy等。
例如:1. I want to be a doctor when I grow up.(我长大后想当一名医生。
)2. They like to play basketball in their free time.(他们闲暇时喜欢打篮球。
)三、不定式作名词的补语不定式可以作为某些动词后的名词的补语,常见的动词有:be, become, seem, feel, appear等。
例如:1. Her dream is to become a famous singer.(她的梦想是成为一名著名的歌手。
)2. It seems to be a nice day for a picnic.(今天似乎是个适合野餐的好天气。
)四、不定式作形容词的补语不定式可以作为某些形容词后的补语,常见的形容词有:happy, sad, glad, ready, willing等。
例如:1. He is happy to help others.(他乐意帮助别人。
)2. I am ready to take on the challenge.(我准备好迎接挑战。
)五、不定式作目的状语不定式可以作为目的状语,表示动作的目的或者用途。
常见的动词有:go, come, try, learn, study等。
动词不定式的构成与用法归纳
动词不定式的构成与用法归纳动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,通常由“to”+动词原形构成。
它具有独立使用和与其他动词共同构成动词短语的特点。
本文将对动词不定式的构成和用法进行归纳总结。
一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加上“to”,几乎所有动词都可以构成不定式,但有一些特殊情况需要注意。
1. 一般情况大部分动词都能直接在原形前加上“to”构成相应的不定式,例如:to eat(吃)、to sleep(睡觉)等。
例句:She wants to eat an apple.(她想吃一个苹果。
)2. 情态动词后接不定式情态动词后面跟的动词不定式不需要再加上“to”,例如:can/could、may/might、will/would等。
例句:He can swim very well.(他游泳技术很好。
)3. 感官动词后接不定式感官动词(see、watch、hear等)后面跟的动词不定式也不需要再加上“to”。
例句:I heard her sing at the concert.(我听到她在音乐会上唱歌。
)二、动词不定式的用法归纳动词不定式具有多种用法,包括作主语、宾语、定语、状语以及句子的补足语等。
1. 主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,通常出现在句子的开头。
例句:To learn a foreign language requires patience and perseverance.(学习一门外语需要耐心和毅力。
)2. 宾语动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,说明动作的对象或者接受者。
例句:I want to visit my grandparents this weekend.(我想在这个周末去拜访我的祖父母。
)3. 定语动词不定式可以作为形容词或名词的修饰语,起到进一步限定和说明的作用。
例句:This is a good book to read.(这是一本值得阅读的好书。
英语不定式知识点归纳
英语不定式知识点归纳一、不定式的构成。
不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成(to有时可以省略)。
例如:to go, to see, to eat等。
在某些情况下,如使役动词(let、make、have)和感官动词(see、hear、feel等)后作宾语补足语时,to要省略。
例如:I saw him go into the room.(这里go前面省略了to)二、不定式在句中的作用。
1. 作主语。
- 直接作主语:- To learn English well is not easy.(为了避免句子头重脚轻,往往用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式后置,即It is not easy to learn English well.)- 用it作形式主语的常见句型:- It + be+形容词+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.- 如果形容词是描述事物特征的(如easy, difficult, important等),用for sb.。
例如:It is important for us to protect the environment.- 如果形容词是描述人的品质的(如kind, nice, stupid等),用of sb.。
例如:It is kind of you to help me.2. 作宾语。
- 有些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语,如want, hope, decide, agree, expect等。
例如:I hope to see you soon.- 疑问词(what, how, where等)+不定式结构,可在句中作宾语。
例如:Idon't know what to do next.3. 作宾语补足语。
- 常跟不定式作宾补的动词有ask, tell, want, allow, encourage等。
例如:My mother told me to clean my room.- 在一些使役动词和感官动词后的宾补不带to,但变为被动语态时,要加上to。
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式和动名词用法总结
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式和动名词用法总结动词的不定式和动名词是英语学习中的重要知识点,它们的用法十分多样且常见。
本文将对动词的不定式和动名词的用法进行总结和归纳。
一、动词不定式1. 作主语:例句:To succeed in life is his ultimate goal.成功是他追求的终极目标。
2. 作宾语:a. 接及物动词的宾语:例句:I want to learn English.我想学英语。
b. 接不及物动词的宾语:例句:She decided to go hiking.她决定去徒步旅行。
3. 作表语:例句:Her dream is to become a doctor.她的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作补语:a. 表示命令、建议、请求等:例句:She told me to wait for her at the gate.她告诉我在门口等她。
b. 表示目的、目标等:例句:He went to the store to buy some groceries.他去商店买一些杂货。
5. 作定语:例句:We need a person to help us with the project.我们需要一个人来帮助我们完成这个项目。
6. 作状语:a. 表示目的、结果、原因等:例句:He studied hard to pass the exam.他努力学习为了通过考试。
b. 表示时间、条件等:例句:I woke up early to catch the bus.我早起为了赶公交车。
二、动名词1. 作主语:例句:Swimming is my favorite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
2. 作宾语:例句:I enjoy reading books in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间读书。
3. 作表语:例句:Her hobby is dancing.她的爱好是跳舞。
4. 作补语:例句:His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。
专四不定式知识点总结
专四不定式知识点总结不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,由"to + 动词原形"构成。
不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语,并具有时态和语态的变化。
在此,我将对不定式的形式、用法、时态、被动语态、虚拟语气和疑问句等知识点进行总结。
一、不定式的形式1. 基本形式:to + 动词原形2. 省略to的情况:在情态动词后、感官动词后、特定动词后、感官动词后等情况下可以省略to,如:We can go there tomorrow.(我们可以明天去那里。
)3. 不定式作宾语时的形式:动词原形4. 否定形式:在不定式前加上not,但通常更常用助动词do+not+动词原形的句型。
二、不定式的用法1. 不定式作主语:如To learn a foreign language is not easy.(学习一门外语并不容易。
)2. 不定式作宾语:如I want to learn a foreign language.(我想学一门外语。
)3. 不定式作宾语补足语:如She made him promise to come early.(她让他答应早点来。
)4. 不定式作定语:如This is a book to read.(这是本值得一读的书。
)5. 不定式作状语:如He came to see you.(他来是为了见你。
)三、不定式的时态1. 一般时态:表示与谓语动词同时或稍晚一点发生的动作或状态,如He seems to know everything about it.(他似乎对此事了如指掌。
)2. 进行时态:表示不定式表示的动作或状态正在进行,如The boss wants to see you.(老板想见你。
)3. 完成时态:表示不定式动作在谓语动词之前发生的情况,如I am glad to have met you.(我很高兴能见到你。
)四、不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态是指将不定式的to动词变为被动式,即to be + 动词的过去分词,如He wants to be invited to the party.(他想被邀请去参加聚会。
高中英语知识点归纳动词不定式的用法和结构
高中英语知识点归纳动词不定式的用法和结构动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,由动词原形加上to构成。
它可以充当名词、形容词或副词,具有时态、语态和语气的特点。
在高中英语学习中,动词不定式的用法和结构非常重要。
本文将对其进行归纳总结。
一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以充当句子的主语,常见的结构有:1. It + be + 形容词 + 不定式作主语例如:- It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。
- It is necessary to finish the task before deadline.在截止日期之前完成任务是必要的。
2. 不定式结构作主语例如:- To travel around the world is my dream.环游世界是我的梦想。
- To study hard is the key to success.努力学习是成功的关键。
二、动词不定式作宾语动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语,常见的结构有:1. 动词 + 不定式作宾语例如:- I want to go shopping this weekend.这个周末我想去购物。
- She decided to take a break and relax.她决定休息一下,放松一下。
2. 常见的动词有:agree, hope, promise, refuse, plan, learn, wish等。
三、动词不定式作补语动词不定式可以作宾语补足语,常见的结构有:1. 动词 + 宾语 + 不定式作补足语例如:- They made him work overtime.他们让他加班工作。
- We find it interesting to solve puzzles.我们发现解谜很有趣。
2. 情态动词 + 动词原形作补足语例如:- He can't afford to buy a new car.他买不起新车。
动词不定式的语法总结
动词不定式的语法总结动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,是英语中常见的一种语法,学生一定要做好总结,拿下这个知识点。
小编为大家力荐了动词不定式常用的语法总结,给大家作为参考,欢迎阅读!动词不定式的七种用法动词不定式的基本形式为to+动词原形.1.动词不定式做主语.谓语用第三人称单数形式.如果主语较长则用it做形式主语,将真正的主语动词不定式放到句尾.egTo see is to believe.It's a bad habit to run after dinner.2 做表语.the important things is to save lives.3 做宾语he likes to play with children.4做宾语补足语.形容词做宾补时.常用it做形式宾语.把真正的宾语放到宾补之后.he feels it happy to help others.5做定语she asked me to help her with her English.6做状语you are never too old to learn.(结果状语)7特殊疑问词+动词不定式.I am thinking about what to say.动词的不定式的用法口诀①不定式有标记,to与动词连一起。
②没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备。
③主宾定状表补语,唯独作谓不可以。
④not 加上不定式,否定结构要牢记。
⑤疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义。
⑥仔细推敲多思考,准确判断有依据。
动词不定式专题练习1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producingB. to produceC. having producedD. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be toldC .tellingD .told6. You were silly not _______your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.A. to shareB. to have sharedC. shareD. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________ina fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.A. wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.A. makingB. to makeC. to have madeD. having made19. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. --- You should have thanked her before you left.--- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.。
动词不定式知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)5
动词不定式知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)考向一动词不定式的结构和句法功能动词不定式的结构动词不定时的构成:不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
肯定式:to + 动词原形It’s nice to meet you.(2)否定式:not to + 动词原形He told me not to leave this room(to是不定式符号,无意义,有时可以不带)动词不定式的句法功能不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为:①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。
①It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间"如:To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
如:It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
如:Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗?①在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。
如:I find it easy to read English every day.3.不定式作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, allow, warn, advise, invite, get, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
高中英语动词不定式语法总结
高中英语动词不定式语法总结一、动词不定式的定义和特点动词不定式是英语语法中的一种重要形式,用于表示一个将要发生或尚未发生的动作。
它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以作为句子中的独立成分,与句子中的其他成分保持语法和语义的连贯性。
二、动词不定式的时态和语态1. 时态:动词不定式可以有不同的时态形式,包括一般式、进行式和完成式。
例如,不定式的一般式表示一个一般性的动作;不定式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作,发生在句子谓语动词之前。
2. 语态:动词不定式可以有被动语态形式,表示一个动作由他人或某物所导致。
三、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式可以有自己的复合结构,即“名词所有格”或“动词-ing”形式加上“to do”。
这些结构可以作主语、宾语、表语等,与句子的主语形成语法上的关系。
四、动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式可以在句中充当各种句法成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
同时,它可以与一些词类连用,如形容词、副词、介词短语等。
五、常用动词不定式短语和结构1. it + 形容词/ 名词 + 不定式结构:表示将来的计划或情况。
2. be + 形容词 + to do:表示某人愿意或想要做某事。
3.感官动词 + 不定式结构:表示一种观察或感受。
4. 疑问词 + 不定式结构:可以用于询问目的或意图。
5. 介词 + 名词/ 动名词 + to do:表示一种方式或手段。
六、动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号前加上“not”。
同时,有一些特殊的否定结构,如“hardly/ scarcely + 否定词+ to do”、“not so much to do as to do”等。
七、动词不定式的疑问形式动词不定式的疑问形式是将疑问词直接放在不定式符号前,构成一个疑问句。
常见的疑问词有who/ what/ which/ how/ when/ where等。
八、动词不定式的省略形式在某些情况下,动词不定式可以省略,特别是在一些固定短语中。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式
高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式动词的不定式是英语中一种非常重要的语法结构,它可以用来表达动作的目的、原因、愿望、意愿等。
在高中英语学习中,了解并正确运用动词的不定式是提高语言表达能力和写作水平的重要一环。
本文将对高中英语中的动词不定式知识点进行归纳总结。
一、不定式的基本形式与用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”,例如:to go, to eat, to study。
在句子中,不定式可以充当名词、形容词或副词。
1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语时,常用于句子的开头或者后面。
例如:- To learn a foreign language is important.- It is important to learn a foreign language.2. 不定式作宾语动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语,常跟在动词后面。
例如:- I want to go to the movies tonight.- She loves to dance.3. 不定式作表语不定式可以作表语,通常与be动词连用。
例如:- His dream is to become a doctor.4. 不定式作定语动词不定式可以修饰名词,充当名词的定语。
例如:- She has a book to read.5. 不定式作状语动词不定式可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词,表达动作的目的、原因、结果等。
例如:- He went to the store to buy some groceries.(目的)- She is too young to watch that movie.(结果)二、动词不定式的时态与语态动词不定式有时态和语态的变化,主要包括一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
1. 一般式一般式表示动作或状态的普遍性、一般性。
例如:- I like to play basketball.2. 进行式进行式表示动作正在进行。
英语基础语法知识点汇总动词不定式
英语基础语法知识点汇总:动词不定式7。
动词不定式7.1 不定式作宾语1)动词不定式afford aimappearagree arrange ask be decide bother care choose edaredemand desire determineexpect elect endeor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought planprepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake举例:The driver failed to see the other car intime。
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answerto your uestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2)动词不定式; 动词宾语不定式ask, beg,choose, expect, hate,helpintendlike,love,need prefer,prepare,promise,t,wishI like to keep everythingtidy.我喜欢每件西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy。
我喜欢你年使每件西都保持整洁。
I t to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I tyouto speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3)动词疑问词 todecide, know,consider forget, learn,remember,show, un derstand, see, wonder,hear,find out,explain, tell Pleaseshow us howto do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
Thereare so many kinds of tape-recorders on salet hat I cant make up my mindwhich to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种.注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数.The uestionis howto put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施.7.1不定式作宾语1)动词不定式afford aimappearagree arrangeask be decide bother care choose e dare demand desire determine expectelect endeor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan preparepretend promise refuse seem t end wait wish undertake举例:The driver failed to seethe other car in time。
动词不定式语法总结
动词不定式语法总结动词不定式是英语中的一种特殊形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它在句子中可以充当名词、形容词或副词,具有多种用法和功能。
本文将对动词不定式的语法进行总结和归纳。
一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,常用结构为“动词不定式+ 谓语”。
例如:“To learn a foreign language is beneficial for personal development.”(学习一门外语对个人发展是有益的)。
“To travel is my dream.”(旅行是我的梦想)。
二、动词不定式作宾语1. 动词不定式作及物动词的宾语,常用结构为“动词+ 动词不定式”。
例如:“I want to learn how to play the guitar.”(我想学弹吉他)。
“She promised to help me with my homework.”(她答应帮我做作业)。
2. 动词不定式作介词的宾语,常用结构为“介词 + 动词不定式”。
例如:“I am good at playing basketball.”(我擅长打篮球)。
“He is interested in learning about different cultures.”(他对了解不同文化很感兴趣)。
三、动词不定式作表语动词不定式可以作为句子的表语,常用结构为“主语+ 系动词+动词不定式”。
例如:“Her dream is to become a doctor.”(她的梦想是成为一名医生)。
“His goal is to win the championship.”(他的目标是赢得冠军)。
四、动词不定式作定语动词不定式可以作为句子中名词的定语,常用结构为“名词+ 动词不定式”。
例如:“I have a book to read.”(我有一本书要读)。
“She has a meeting to attend.”(她有一个会议要参加)。
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英语动词不定式语法知识点归纳总结动词不定式考向一不定式的作用1. 作主语:不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
It took us two hours to finish the job.2. 作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
☞He managed to escape from the fire.☞I find it hard to get along with him. (it 作形式宾语)(2)动词+疑问词+to,"特殊疑问句+不定式"相当于名词,作宾语。
☞I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
☞I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3. 作宾语补足语(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。
☞He warned me to be careful.注意:可以用动词不定式作宾补的动词有:ask,tell,order,want,get,would like,like,advise,invite,allowhelp,wish,warn,expect,would prefer,encourage。
(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。
☞We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)(3)There +不定式。
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
(4)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
☞They saw the boy fall off the tree.(5)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。
☞I often help him (to) clean the room.☞I helped him (to) find his things.4. 作定语不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。
不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系)He is looking for a room to live in.(动状关系)He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系)He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)5. 作状语作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to,so as to,so... as to,such...as to,enough to,too...to等。
(1)作目的状语,just to,only to(仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)... as to...(如此……以便……)☞He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
(2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。
☞He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.(3)作原因状语。
☞We were very excited to hear the news.(4)作条件状语。
☞To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6. 作表语不定式可放在be动词后面,构成表语。
☞The question is how to put it into practice.考向二不定式的时态和语态1. 不定式的时态(1)现在时:有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
☞He seems to know this.(2)完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
☞I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.☞He seems to have caught a cold.(3)进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
☞He seems to be eating something.(4)完成进行时:表示动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能持续下去。
☞She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2. 不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时,就用被动式。
He was seen to enter the hall.考向三省to 的动词不定式一、使役动词后省略to的情况在let, make, have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。
如:☞My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。
☞I don’t like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶,可是母亲强迫我喝。
二、感官动词后省略to 的情况在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。
如:☞I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。
☞I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看见这个女人进了一家银行。
☞We often hear her sing this song. 我们经常听到她唱这首歌。
☞Did you notice her leave the house? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗?三、动词help后省略to的情况在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to。
如:☞Can I help (to) carry this heavy box? 我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗?☞Mother helped me (to) do my homework. 妈妈帮助我做作业。
注意:1. 当help 之后接一个较长的名词词组作宾语或当其中的不定式所表示的动作主语不直接参加时,不定式通常带to。
如:☞Help the little boys at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out. 请帮大厅后面那些小男孩把椅子搬出去。
☞These tablets will help you to sleep. 这些药片将对你的睡眠有帮助。
2. 在当help用于被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。
如:☞The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins. 那男孩由一个妇女帮他捡拾散乱一地的钱币。
四、why (not) …后省略to的情况在why (not)… ?之后的不定式不能带to。
如:☞Why go with him? 为什么要同他一起去?☞Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不去问问老师?☞Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?五、介词except / but 后省略to的情况用作介词except, but宾语的不定式有时带to,有时不带to。
其大致原则是:若其前出现了动词do,其后的不定式通常不带to;若其前没有出现动词do,则其后的不定式通常带to。
如:☞I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我没有别的选择。
☞He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。
☞It had no effect except to make him angry. It had no effect except to make him angry.除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。
☞She can do everything except cook. 除了做饭之外她什么都会。
六、主语带do表语省略to的情况当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to。
如:☞All you do now is (to) complete the form. 你现在要做的只是把这张表填好。
☞The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。
☞What I’ll do is 我要做的就是告诉她真相。
七、并列不定式省略to 的情况当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用to,其余不定式前的to可以省略。
如:☞He told me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那儿等他。
☞I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知该怎么想怎么说。
☞It is easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易,强迫人难。
但是,如果两者有对比关系,则后面不定式前的to不可省略。
如:☞To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试而失败总比不尝试好。
八、省略不定式是否保留to在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。
如:☞I shall go if I want to. 如果我想去就去。
☞"Don ’t be late. ""I’ll try not to. ""不要来晚了。
""我尽量不来晚。
"☞Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。
注意:1. 若被省略的不定式为to be短语,则通常应保留to be。
如:☞He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原来的那个样子了。