2019届高考语文二轮复习文学类文本阅读作业(全国卷用)10
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举(5页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random,Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.31.What is the main idea of the text?A．New languages will be created.B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human development results in fewer languages.D．Geography determines language evolution.[解析] 选C 第一段说明语言已有几千年的历史，但有一些语言正在消失；第二段说明随着人类社会的发展，语言变得更少；第三段说明语言的分布是不均匀的；第四段介绍了超过400种语言正面临消亡的威胁。
2019年全国卷Ⅱ语文高考试题文档版(含答案)【优选】
绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文本试卷共22题，共150分，共10页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
杜甫之所以能有集大成之成就，是因为他有可以集大成之容量。
而其所以能有集大成之容量，最重要的因素，乃在于他生而禀有一种极为难得的健全才性——那就是他的博大、均衡与正常。
杜甫是一位感性与理性兼长并美的诗人，他一方面具有极大极强的感性，可以深入到他接触的任何事物，把握住他所欲攫取的事物之精华；另一方面又有着极清明周至的理性，足以脱出于一切事物的蒙蔽与局限，做到博观兼美而无所偏失。
这种优越的禀赋表现于他的诗中，第一点最可注意的成就，便是其汲取之博与途径之正。
就诗歌体式风格方面而言，古今长短各种诗歌他都能深入撷取尽得其长，而且不为一体所限，更能融会运用，开创变化，千汇万状而无所不工。
我们看他《戏为六绝句》之论诗，以及与当时诸大诗人，如李白、高适、岑参、王维、孟浩然等，酬赠怀念的诗篇中论诗的话，都可看到杜甫采择与欣赏的方面之广；而自其《饮中八仙歌》《曲江三章》《同谷七歌》等作中，则可见到他对各种诗体运用变化之神奇工妙；又如从《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》《北征》及“三吏”“三别”等五古之作中，可看到杜甫自汉魏五言古诗变化而出的一种新面貌。
就诗歌内容方面而言，杜甫更是无论妍媸巨细，悲欢忧喜，宇宙的一切人物情态，都能随物赋形，淋漓尽致地收罗笔下而无所不包，如写青莲居士之“飘然思不群”，写空谷佳人之“日暮倚修竹”；写丑拙则“袖露两肘”，写工丽则“燕子风斜”；写玉华宫之荒寂，予人以一片沉哀悲响；写洗兵马之欢忭，写出一片欣奋祝愿之情、其涵蕴之博与变化之多，都足以为其禀赋之博大、均衡与正常的证明。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十七(20页word版含有答案解析)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十七[一]As the world’s urban population gets bigger, cities are struggling to provide the basic services that their residents need. One of the most pressing problems is public transport. Take a look at the crisis facingthe city of London. At no time in history has there been such a mass migrationof people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030,it’s estimated that more than two thirds of the world’s population willbe living in cities—twice as many as today. This means that the problemsfaced by cities today—overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty,and lack of food and water—will be twice as bad in the next century, unlesswe find solutions soon.London is a good example of the problems facing many major urban centers.It was the world’s first megacity—the first with a population of a million people. Its expansion was made possible by the invention of the steam engine,which , among other things, powered the world’s first underground railway.Today, London has one of the world’s most extensive transport systems.But, because it was the first city to build a railway network, much of the infrastructure—the trains and buses, the tracks and tunnels—is now hopelessly out-of-date, and needs urgent modernisation.London’s future success depends very much on transport. The city liesat the heart of Britain’s road and rail networks and problems in Londoncan rapidly affect other areas of the country. On an average morning, overground trains bring passengers to stations on the outskirts of the city,and they then continue their journeys by underground, bus or taxi.1. More than two thirds of the world’s population will be living in citiesin years.A. 30B. 23C. 17D. 20072. With the development of society is becoming one of the most serious problems of cities.A. poor housingB. povertyC. unemploymentD. public transport3. The underlined word “megacity” in paragraph two means .A. a city with a population of a million people.B. a city with the problem of public transport.C. a city with a lot of car factories.D. a city with much pollution.4. The railway network of London is .A. very helpfulB. in good useC. behind the timesD.first-class5. If London wants to develop fast, it should solve the problem of first.A. transportB. housingC. water and electricityD. the working conditions of workers参考答案：1. C 数字计算题。
(全国卷用)2019届高三语文二轮复习 语言综合运用专项突破之选用、仿用、变换句式作业
语言综合运用专项突破之选用、仿用、变换句式作业1.请仿照给出的句子，另写一句话。
要求语意连贯，句式一致。
(4分)在孤独中，书是朋友，读书使平淡的生活丰富多彩。
答：______________________________2．按照下面句子的结构和修辞方法(……有了……，好比……，是……)，另写一个句子。
(字数不限，句意连贯)(4分)山上有了小屋，好比一望无际的水面飘过一片风帆，是单纯的底色上一点灵动的色彩。
答：______________________________3．请从“知识”“兴趣”中任选一个为内容，仿照下面的示例写两个句子。
要求每个句子都采用比喻的修辞方法，两个句子之间在语意上形成对比。
(5分)时间，是海绵里的水，只要你勤奋地挤，总会有所收获；时间，是掌缝中的沙，如果你不太在意，就会全部漏光。
答：______________________________4．仿照下面的示例，自拟两个对象，另写三个句子，要求使用比喻和比拟来表现两个对象之间的关系。
(6分)我的祖国和我，像海和浪花一朵；浪是海的赤子，海是浪的依托；每当大海在微笑，我就是笑的旋涡。
答：______________________________5．仿照下面的示例，自拟一个描写对象，写一组句子，要求所写句子使用夸张、比喻和拟人的修辞方法。
(6分)这满山遍野的桃花，开得热火朝天，惊天动地，是一幅立体的画，一首无声的诗，把青春挥洒得淋漓尽致。
答：______________________________6．请以“小学、中学、大学、社会”为内容，仿照下面的示例另写四个句子。
要求每个句子都采用比喻的修辞方法，四个比喻在语意上构成一个系列。
(5分) 童年是一张白纸，青年是一篇诗歌，中年是一本散文，老年是一部百科全书。
答：______________________________7．仿照下面的示例，自选话题，另写三句话，要求使用比喻的修辞手法，句式与示例相同。
高考语文二轮复习讲练测(新高考)考点10 理清散文结构思路(讲义)
文学类文本阅读之散文阅读考点十理清结构思路类鉴赏✬考点讲义考情分析：近年来，散文阅读重新得到新高考卷的青睐。
2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ考查了李广田的《到橘子林去》，2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ考查了废名《放猖》《莫须有先生教国语》双文本，全国甲卷考查了王小鹰的《当痛苦大于力量的时候》，2020 年新高考全国卷Ⅰ考查了于坚的《建水记(之四)》，全国卷I考查了蒋子龙的《记忆里的光》，这些作品贴近当下的现实生活、风俗特色，注重场景描绘。
相对小说来看，散文理解难度更大，考点更加分散，更易失分。
加强读文训练，将有助于我们在散文阅读中冲击高分。
选材上，高考散文文本重视教育引导功能，既传承文化精髓，又贴近时代，具有丰厚的文化底蕴，体现“立德树人”的根本任务。
作家作品上，文学大家与文学新秀的作品并重。
如李广田的《到橘子林去》，林徽因的《窗子以外》，废名的《放猖》，王小鹰的《当痛苦大于力量的时候》。
教材迁移上落实新课标“群文阅读”学习目标。
如新高考全国卷Ⅱ选取了废名的《放猖》与《莫须有先生教国语》，前者紧扣儿童喜欢“放猖”，从儿童的视角，用儿童的口吻和语言，叙述、描写儿童的情感世界，后者从理论角度诠释了“什么是生活语文”、教儿童作文要“能懂得小孩子的欢喜”的道理，两个文本互相参证，形成一组上佳的考试文本。
一、考点解读结构思路鉴赏类试题主要考查行文思路的概括、线索的梳理及作用、重点句段的作用三个方面内容。
行文思路主要是文章的谋篇布局，结构内容。
线索是全文发展的脉络，贯穿文章始末，使文章化零为整，浑然一体。
重点句段能够表达文章的主要内容，划分文章的层次。
三方面的内容可以分别独立考查，也可以综合考查。
二、知识储备（一）概括行文思路首先，了解三类散文的思路结构类型。
写景状物散文主要有：静赏式，即景点概述——景点静赏——景点联想；参游式，即入景——赏景——联想——收束；象征式，即描摹物——由物及人——言志向。
文化哲理散文主要有：追怀式，即眼前景——从前景——怀念情；叙史式，即奠定基调——追述史实——抚今感慨。
2019届高三语文二轮复习阅读大题特训：(8)文学类文本阅读(外国小说)
文学类文本阅读（外国小说）1、阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
车祸(日本)东野圭吾事情发生前,没有任何预感。
那天早上8点半,平介下了夜班,回到家中,他马上打开了电视。
其实也没什么特别想看的,只是想知道昨天相扑比赛的结果。
今年已经步入40岁的平介相信,今天也一定和之前的39年一样,是个平淡无奇的日子。
有一个频道是他每次下夜班后必看的。
那是个对文艺界丑闻、体育比赛结果等集中播报的频道,内容很浅,但是涉及面很广。
但是,今天画面上出现的,并不是平日里播音员的笑脸,而是一个积雪的山地。
出什么事了?平介心里闪过一个念头,不过他并不想详细了解事由。
此刻他最想知道的是他所关注的力士赢了没有。
平介在一家汽车零件加工厂的生产车间工作。
一年前,他被提升为组长。
这周轮到他们组上夜班了。
这一年,平介的工厂经营状况出奇地好,像平介这样身在第一线的人变得忙碌不堪,加班一两个小时是家常便饭,有时甚至会加班3个小时,有时加班费比基本工资还多。
但是,在工厂里待的时间长,就意味着在家待的时间短,平介很难和妻子直子、女儿藻奈美一起吃晚饭。
如果是夜班的话,早上8点钟就能到家,正好赶上藻奈美吃早餐的时间。
边和马上要升入小学6年级的独生爱女聊着天真的话题,边享受着妻子亲手做的饭菜,这对平介来说是一种无法取代的快乐。
下夜班后的疲惫,在看到女儿的笑容后马上就烟消云散了。
正因如此,下夜班后一个人吃早餐让他觉得没有味道。
这样无聊的早餐从今天起要持续3天,因为直子带着藻奈美回长野的娘家去了。
她堂兄病故了,她要赶去参加堂兄的葬礼。
本来说好是她一个人去长野的,但就在快出发时,藻奈美忽然嚷着也要去。
她说她想在那边滑雪。
女儿好不容易有了个春假,可自己工作太忙,一直没能陪家人游玩。
因此,对平介来说,这未尝不是个补偿的机会。
于是他决定一个人忍受寂寞,让藻奈美和妻子一起去。
他一边享受着熟悉的味道,一边调高了电视的音量。
画面中那个主持人在说着什么,但是,他脸上却不见了平日的笑容。
2019届二轮复习 古代文化常识要点 作业(全国卷用)
2019届二轮复习古代文化常识要点作业（全国卷用）典例1 下列有关文化常识的表述。
错误的一项是（）A．“社”是土地神，“稷”是谷神，古代文化中，常用社稷作为国家的代称。
这样的代称还有很多，比如：桑梓代指家乡，庙堂代指朝廷，汗青代指史册。
B．古人对自己的谦称有“愚、鄙、敝、子”等，称对方或对方亲属有“令、尊、贤、仁”等，对尊长者的称谓有“足下、先生、大人”等。
C．“六书”指古人分析汉字而归纳出来的六种构成方式，即象形、会意、指事、形声、转注、假借；《诗经》中的“六义”指风、雅、颂、赋、比、兴。
D．中国文化中，有许多与“三”有关的称谓，如“三皇五帝”“岁寒三友”“三教九流”“无事不登三宝殿”等，其中，“岁寒三友”指的是松、竹、梅。
【参考答案】B典例2 从传统文化的角度来看，下列说法不正确的一项是A．古时候，用“令尊”“君尊”尊称对方的父亲，用“家严”“家君”谦称自己的父亲。
B．中秋节又称团圆节，主要习俗有赏月、祭月、吃月饼等。
C．小华属“猴”，小明比小华小一岁，小明应该属“羊”。
D．“立”是开始的意思，古代以立春、立夏、立秋、立冬为四季的开始。
【参考答案】C【试题分析】本题考查文化常识中的生肖，按照顺序：鼠牛虎兔龙蛇马羊猴鸡狗猪，可知小明既然比小华小一岁，那他因该是属“鸡”的，而不是属“羊”。
所以C项是应选答案。
其他各项均没有错误。
文化常识是中学阶段都非常重视的试题类型，主要考查学生对古典的文化知识的积累。
在中考试卷中，多以单道选择题的形式出现，题目也比较简单。
而在高考试卷中，则作为文言文阅读的一个重要知识点进行考查的，比如2018年高考新课标全国Ⅰ卷所考查的“坟籍”“阙”“践祚”“逊位”。
考文化知识，关键是懂文化知识。
学生要注意平时的学习积累，可采取分门别类的识记法记忆，在答题时运用课内知识回顾法来判断对错。
高考中的古代文化知识主要分为如下几大类：一、姓名称谓，二、古代官职，三、科举制度，四、风俗礼仪，五、文史典籍，六、饮食器用，七、音乐文娱，八、天文历法，九、古代地理，十、古代服饰，十一、古代刑罚，十二，目录辞书。
2019届高考语文大二轮复习试题：第五版块_语言文字运用_巩固练1_含答案
语言文字运用巩固练(一)阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
当古典主义在________的方向选择中丧失独立品格、现代主义又遭遇________的失忆状态时，要挽救中国舞蹈，只能是看清我们的历史来路，辨析我们的文化基因，立足于这片土地以及这片土地上的人，找到通往未来的可能。
这其中的关键环节，即是“传承”。
传统舞蹈文明的当代革新，前提必须是对传统的吸收、把握、辨析。
没有消化与吸收，就不会有吐故纳新与涅槃再生的可能。
()。
中国古典舞、中国民族民间舞、中国当代舞乃至中国现代舞，不论在舞种和艺术风格上有多大差异，都肩负着传承中华舞蹈文明的责任。
近年来让人________的舞蹈作品，像《丝路花雨》《霸王别姬》《梁祝》《大梦敦煌》等，无不是整合了传统精神与当代观念，把民族文化精华真正融入创作中，同时注入新的创造和发挥，从而感染今天的观众。
即便是被称为“现代舞的中国典范”的林怀民及其创作，也是以“中国人编中国舞给中国人看”的态度，将《九歌》《水月》《行草》的符号传播至四域，________向世界推介中国传统文明。
1．文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是(3分)(B)A．传统舞蹈文明的当代革新，前提必须是对传统的把握、辨析、吸收。
没有吸收与消化，就不会有吐故纳新与涅槃再生的可能。
B．传统舞蹈文明的当代革新，前提必须是对传统的辨析、把握、吸收。
没有吸收与消化，就不会有吐故纳新与涅槃再生的可能。
C．传统舞蹈文明的当代革新，前提必须是对传统的把握、辨析、吸收。
没有吸收与消化，就不会有涅槃再生与吐故纳新的可能。
D．传统舞蹈文明的当代革新，前提必须是对传统的辨析、把握、吸收。
没有吸收与消化，就不会有涅槃再生与吐故纳新的可能。
【解析】注意“辨析、把握、吸收”“吐故纳新与涅槃再生”的先后顺序。
2．下列在文中括号内补写的语句，最恰当的一项是(3分)(C)A．当代中国舞蹈的瓶颈主要表现为吸收消化中的失衡B．吸收消化中的失衡，主要归功于当代中国舞蹈的瓶颈C．当代中国舞蹈的瓶颈，多源于这种吸收消化中的失衡D．当代中国舞蹈的瓶颈，所以多源于这种吸收消化中的失衡【解析】A项，原因误解为表现。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十三(12页word版答案含有解析)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十三[一]OSLO, Norway - It was one of the toughest fights Jorun Lyngstad had experienced during her time as a Norwegian police officer. A wood grouse （猎鸟）, Europe's biggest game bird, attacked Lyngstad during a Wednesday bike ride in the woods, ramming（夯） the off-duty officer from the side and sending her flying through the air, local media reported."I guess this forceful bird may have difficult relationships with the law," Lyngstad, 37, told the newspaper Romsdals Budstikke.With her foot stuck in one of the pedals（脚蹬）, Lyngstad had to use her bike as a protection as she tried to fight off the strong bird, which kept coming at her."It wouldn't give up," Lyngstad said. "It was a harder fight than I usually see when I'm on duty."Lyngstad was finally able to force the attacker's head under the bike's front wheel, after which the bird flew back into the woods. Lyngstad suffered only a little in her side where the wood grouse rammed her."If I had needed to strike it again, I would have struck to kill," she said.A wood grouse, whose second name is capercaillie, can be up to three feet tall, and weigh up to nine pounds.Lyngstad, who was wearing a bright yellow vest during the bike ride, said she had no idea what caused the bird to attack.1. What was Jorun Lyngstad?A. A teacherB. A workerC. A firefighterD. A police officer2. Where was Jorun Lyngstad when she was attacked?A. She was in her officeB. She was at her homeC. She was in the woodsD. She was in a game3. Which of the following statements is true?A. The bird only attacked her once.B. The bird attacked her twice.C. The bird attacked her several times.D. The bird kept attacking her.4. won the fight at last.A. The birdB. The police officerC. Both of themD. Neither of them5. The bird attacked Jorun Lyngstad because .A. she was wearing a bright yellow vestB. she was riding a bikeC. the bird didn’t like the policeD. no one knew the reason参考答案：1. D 从第一段第一句中可以看出。
2019届二轮复习 古诗词鉴赏专项突破 作业(全国卷用) (10)
2019届二轮复习古诗词鉴赏专项突破作业（全国卷用）一、阅读下面这首诗，完成下列各题。
清明二首（其二）杜甫此身飘泊苦西东，右臂偏枯①半耳聋。
寂寂系舟双下泪，悠悠伏枕左书空②。
十年蹴鞠③将雏远，万里秋千习俗同。
旅雁上云归紫塞④，家人钻火用青枫。
秦城楼阁烟花里，汉主⑤山河锦锈中。
春水春来洞庭阔，白苹愁杀白头翁。
【注】①偏枯：麻痹。
②左书空：用左手在空中写字。
③蹴鞠：踢球。
④紫塞：泛指北方。
⑤汉主：指唐皇。
1．下列对本诗的理解与赏析，不正确的一项是（）A．第二联近承首联，“系舟”应“飘泊”，“左书空”对“右臂偏枯”，将老病漂泊的境况具象化。
B．第三联远承首联，“蹴鞠”“秋千”语带双关，形象地写出了诗人长期漂泊身不由己的悲凉酸楚。
C．尾联以“春”“白”叠用见妙，春水归向洞庭，白苹逢春生长，让原本愁苦的诗人又顿感欣慰。
D．本诗前三联侧重叙事，叙中融情，后三联重在写景，景真情切，两大部分双峰并峙，各显千秋。
2．本诗第三、四联中的“蹴鞠”“秋千”“钻火”等涉及清明习俗。
下列诗句与清明习俗或传说没有关联的一项是（）A．明时帝里遇清明，还逐游人出禁城。
（顾非熊《长安清明言怀》）B．花落草齐生，莺飞蝶双戏。
（孟浩然《清明即事》）C．人乞祭余骄妾妇，士甘焚死不公侯。
（黄庭坚《清明》）D．纸灰飞作白蝴蝶，血泪染成红杜鹃。
（高翥《清明》）3．本诗第四、五两联虚实结合，动静兼具，可谓构思精妙。
请结合全诗加以赏析。
二、阅读下面这首宋词，完成下列小题。
玉楼春①·乙丑京口奉祠②西归，将至仙人矶③辛弃疾江头一带斜阳树，总是六朝人住处。
悠悠兴废不关心，惟有沙洲双白鹭。
仙人矶下多风雨，好卸征帆留不住。
直须抖擞尽尘埃，却趁新凉秋水去。
【注】①这首小令写于公元1205年（开禧元年），是辛弃疾六十六岁被罢职离开京口时的作品。
②奉祠：即拜奉宫观，无实职。
③仙人矶：南京西南长江中一小岛。
4．对下列关于诗歌的解释，不正确的两项是（）（）A．“江头一带斜阳树，总是六朝人住处”，这两句词人触景生情，由眼前所见景象联想到此地乃六朝人聚居处所，昔日兴盛繁华，如今斜阳草树，败坏衰落，心生感叹。
2019届高考语文二轮复习文学类阅读 作业(全国卷用)
2019届二轮复习文学类阅读作业（全国卷用）一、【2019届江苏徐州高三上期中】阅读下面的作品，完成小题。
穿白衬衫的老黄陈年喜我现在打工的地方，当地人采买生活日用品时使用的背篓非常有特点，竹篾编织，圆筒形，很高，上至肩头下到屁股，方便行走也方便就着地坎歇息，不占双手还能负重。
市场上，乡下来赶集的人们都背着背篓。
背篓里装着辣椒、白菜、竹笋、李子、葡萄、黄瓜……早市时县城的巷头巷尾，是一片背篓的世界。
出蓝天菜市场东门往左拐不远，是白马市场，在拐弯的地方，我邂逅了老黄，准确地说是先邂逅了他的一篓黄瓜。
这是一篓带着顶花、来自乡下的黄瓜，浑身沾满了乡间的露水。
采花的土黄蜂大概离开花蕊不久，嫩黄的花粉溢出了蕊心。
这是真正的黄瓜，老品种，在很多地方已经失种。
一半绿一半黄，黄绿纠缠在一起，咬一口，脆，脆里有一股香。
大多黄瓜本来无味，因为这一股香，这黄瓜味道复杂无尽，它不像新式品种，粗而短，无刺，简单。
黄瓜的主人穿一件白衬衫，干净、齐整，和市场的纷杂，和他的一篓黄瓜显得很不搭调。
“给我来五斤。
”我的北方普通话让他一愣：“你一个人吃？”我说是。
“黄瓜不过当天，过了就蔫了，二斤够你一天了。
”他用老式盘子秤称了二斤给我。
那天，知道了他姓黄，家住在有些路程的乡下。
三天一集，老黄几乎一集不落，卖些别的，多数还是卖黄瓜。
我们渐渐熟悉起来。
他不是本地人，是南方人，因为做生意亏得血本无归，老家回不去了，经人介绍，在这边乡下买了农村的老房子，落了户。
没了本钱，种些菜卖。
人活着，得吃饭。
“原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣，良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院。
”有一回喝酒，三杯下肚，他突然唱起了《牡丹亭》。
不知道他突然想起了什么，那婉约的唱腔吓我一跳。
人声鼎沸的饭店大厅，他一件白衬衫，与时令已然不相宜，只有头上渐白的头发与早到的秋天有些相配。
有一段时间，老黄不卖黄瓜菜果了，他到城里做装修。
似乎做得还不错，手下有了十多个工人，单子接得很大，业务扩大到水暖、基建，买了辆二手皮卡车。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一(13页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一[一]There is almost no gun control in the United States. Almost anybody can buy and carry a gun, without having to register with the police. And guns are cheap. For as little as＄5.00 you can buy a “Saturday Night Special”. This little gun got its name because more murders happen on Saturday night than at any other time. Because it is so easy to get a gun, there are more than 40 million handguns in the United States. This number is increasing by 2.5 million every year. Some of these guns will protect businessmen from being robbed. But others will have killed over 10,000 Americans this year.In the cities, more and more crimes are committed with guns. People are frightened and worried. They are asking for more government control of guns. The House of Representatives Sub-committee on Crime is looking at more than a hundred and fifty bills to control guns. Probably, none of these bills will become law.There are a number of reasons for this. Americans have always been allowed to own guns. When the country was young, guns were necessary tools. The first settlers had to hunt for their food and protect themselves from Red Indian’s attacks. They also had to protect themselves from thieves and killers; there was no police force in the “Wild West”. America grew up with guns, and now it seems that it will also die with guns, but many people want to keep them. Guns are important to many Americans. They do not want laws to stop them from owning guns. They do not even want gun-owners to have to register their names with the police. They say that laws like this limit their freedom too much.Many citizens belong to hunting clubs and shooting clubs. They use their guns for sport and target practice. The National Rifle Association has over a million members. This organization does not want any laws passed against guns of any kind. Many members of the Association are bank presidents and top executives in big companies. They have a lot of money, power and influence in Washington. They have stopped a lot of laws even against handguns. This is a strange attitude for a sporting club. As Mayor Richard Daley of Chicago says：“You don’t see someone shooting rabbits with a handgun. The only thing you hunt is human beings.”21. Saturday Night Special is .A. the name of a night club.B. the name of an evening schoolC. the name of an animal.D. the name of a little gun.22. If there were 40 million handguns in 1980, there would be handguns the next year.A. 4,250,000B. 40,000,000C. 42,500,000D. 420,500,00023. Which is NOT the reason why Americans are allowed to own guns?A. The country was young.B. The first settlers had to hunt for their food.C. They had to protect themselves from Red Indian’s attack.D. They had to protect themselves from thieves and killers.24. They use a handgun to .A. shoot rabbitsB. shoot other peopleC. practice shootingD. shoot the enemy in the war25. There is no law to control guns. The reason is probably that .A. Many presidents are against the law.B. Guns cost a lot of money.C. Guns have much power.D. Some important people stopped a lot of laws against handguns.参考答案：21. D 细节理解题。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题七选五类型模拟试题10篇训练之十六(13页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题七选五类型模拟试题10篇训练之十六[一]How to Get Promoted at WorkTo get promoted, you have to think in a positive way however big a challenge is. If you think positively you will feel better and will be able to overcome challenges in life. Furthermore, meet an optimistic person and you will notice how motivated he is towards life. 36 ______ On the other hand, negative thinking will only cause more depression in your life.37 ______ Don’t be jealous of those who are successful around you. Instead, take inspiration from their success stories. This will make you motivated to get what you want. Moreover, you can also read books that are written by inspirational and successful personalities.There is a famous quote that reads, “A healthy body leads to a healthy mind.” If your mind is healthy you will think positively. 38 ______ Whether you are working out in the gym or going for a long walk, make sure that you include an exercise plan in your daily routine.39 _______ Therefore, it is important to break your routine and do something different. Either you go on a vacation or learn a new skill, it is important to break the monotony (千遍一律) in your daily life.Human beings are extraordinary individuals who are able to complete the hardest tasks and achieve the impossible. It is important to get out of your comfort zone and try something different. 40 ________A. Therefore, it is important to exercise.B. Keeping yourself motivated is not a difficult task.C. You might lose motivation by doing the same things over and over again.D. One of the best ways to motivate oneself is to get inspired by other’s success.E. Remember, positive thinking gives you motivation to achieve what you want.F. By doing so you will get motivated and your attitudes towards life will be positive.G. Do things that make you happy and find inspiration in possibly everything you see. 参考答案：36-40 EDACF[二]Do you want to be at the top of your class? Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!31 I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.Taking notes is important. You don't need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 32 This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.Don't skip school. You will be missing out on stuff . 33 However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late for class. It's most likely that your teacher won't appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.34 If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.Always ask questions. 35 . If you don't understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.A. There is no shame in needing some help.B. Staying organize d will be helpful.C. Be prepared.D. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.E. Write in your own words.F. Keep a good attitude towards things.G. It is true that you could make up the work.参考答案：31-35 DEGFA[三]The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. __31___ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. __32__ Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”and then try them out. Did these ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2. Creativity(创造力)True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. __33__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. Interpersonal Skills (人际交往能力）Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know wha t’s going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. __34__ “Why do you think she’s crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”4. Self-expression__35__ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas--- music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we can’t forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist.E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop thisskill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.参考答案：31--35DACFG[四]What is happiness? When you can feel inner peace and satisfaction, you are happy.__1__ This usually happens when we do something we love or achieve something that we value. It is our opinions that make us feel happy or unhappy. All of us constantly go through various situations or conditions, but we do not have to let them influence our reactions and feelings.__2__Try hard to make a change of the way you look at things.__3__ That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation. Pay attention to solutions, not problems. Listen to relaxing and uplifting music. Watch funny and interesting programs that make you laugh.Always look at what you have done and not at what you haven’t done. Look at what you can do, not at what you cannot do. Each day do at least one act to make others happy. When you make someone happy, you’ll become happy, and then people will try to make you happy.__4__ On the contrary, be happy for their happiness. Communicate with happy people and try to learn from them to be happy. Remember, do your best to stay detached (冷静的) when things do not occur as intended and desired. Detachment has much to do with inner peace.__5__A．I’ve never regretted it.B．Always look at the bright side.C．Do not envy people who are happy.D．Stop asking for everyone’s approval.E．Inner peace can lead to happiness, so smile more often.F．Here are a few tips for increasing happiness in daily life.G．It is usually experienced at a special moment.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章就如何提高幸福感提出了几条建议。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二(12页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二[一]Eudaimonia is an ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls(缺失) in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modern language:happiness.When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives, it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day life is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy;they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”. What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的) mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness”to capture, for it s tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble idea of Eudaimonia.The word encourages us to trust that many of life s most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional talents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics... none of these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke (激怒) and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking. Through them, we ll have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free existence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We ll know that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time:we re striving to do justice to our full human potential.1. What do we know about “Eudaimonia” from the passage?A. It was first created by two Greek philosophers.B. It has received a lot of attention from the public.C. It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected.D. It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece.2.According to Paragraph 3, happiness.A.is opposite to fulfilmentB.is free from physical or mental painC. stresses the psychological differenceD. serves as a respected and noble life goal3.We learn from the passage that.A. aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blamingB. goals that wound and weaken us result in happinessC. challenges leading to contentment are worth undertakingD. feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations4.The passage encourages the readers to.A. find fulfilment with all effortsB. seek for a pain-free existenceC. keep optimistic whatever happensD. balance happiness and suffering答案1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A[二]Comedy and PsychologyEarlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian. I had performed a show, which wasn t originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,”explained Ryan. “Don t try to be clever. Don t try too hard to be funny...and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That s what people want to see on stage.”Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you re the lowest status person here.”I d say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes:Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any self-directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There s a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we d be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.Here s a joke in the book:Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing?”It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it s a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction, and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny bone in order to make us laugh.Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn t help us that much as a comedian. During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, andI brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.1. Why did the author attend the comedy course?A. He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.B. He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.C. He worried about how other performers would find him.D. He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.2.Ryan required the people on the comedy course to.A. copy their favorite performanceB. imagine other people s reactionsC. help themselves feel comfortableD. behave in a more playful manner3. What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. To discuss what humor brings about exactly.B. To give an example of another kind of humor.C. To prove the point about psychology of humor.D. To show why some people are funnier than others.4. What view does the author put forward in the end?A. Visual humor is what appeals to people most.B. What people find funny is often unpredictable.C. Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.D. Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.答案1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B[三]Dear child,Take a seat. Daddy has something to share with you. I would like us to have a heart-to-heart—even though, over the years, you have slowly broken mine. Oh shut up;you so have! If you go out and ask any mother or father out there, I guarantee they ll say the same thing:All children break their parents hearts. It s just what children do. In fact, it s what Daddy s own mother continues to remind him still, to this very day, every time they speak on the phone.In your baby years, you vomited(呕吐), pooped and peed all over me. In your teen years, you came home from parties and vomited red wine all over my already-dirty carpets. There was a time you experimented with drugs and all those things I hate. Where does the heartbreak end?Still, I want you to know you are loved, because various parenting magazines insist that s my responsibility to make you feel special and valued and so on. And of course Daddy loves you! Don t you see?And Daddy values you. Very much so. How could he not value you, when you, as a test-tube baby, cost so much to come into this world?Now you re old enough to hear the truth about parenting. And it s this:all kids annoy their parents. Like you, I started off adorable. Then I went through my weird-body-shape-and-acne years, lost all my cuteness, developed an attitude and never once did I apologize to my parents for stealing the best years of their lives. When you become a parent yourself, here are some parenting skills you might want to try that have been passed down from countless generations of angry Asians before me. Passive aggression is always welcome. Regular scream “I WISH YOU HAD NEVER BEEN BORN” w ill help keep your own kid s self-respect in check. But whatever happens, ensure you earn enough money in your adult life. Then give it to me, so I can go on expensive international tours. If you do this I promise I ll stop complaining and leave you alone, because we both know that s what we really want. Love you lots, Cutie-Pie.Daddy1.The letter is probably written to.A. a young adultB. a little babyC. a parentD. a grandparent2.The letter discusses all the topics EXCEPT.A. babyhoodB. teenage problemsC. parentingD. death3.According to the letter, the author.A. used to take drugsB. regrets getting marriedC. broke his parents heartsD.was born as a test-tube baby4. Why does the author write the letter?A. To ask his child to earn more money.B. To encourage his child to be independent.C. To communicate to his child love and hope.D. To stop his child from being a troublemaker.答案1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C[四]Four years ago, we asked ourselves: what if we could create a shopping experience with no waiting in line and no checkout? Or could we create a physical store where customers could simply take what they want and go? Our answer to those questions is Amazon Go, where you could experience the idea of “just walk out shopping”. Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required. We created the world s most advanced shopping technology, so you never have to wait in line. With our “just walk out shopping”experience, simply use the Amazon Go app to enter the store, take the products you want, and go! No lines, no checkout.Our checkout-free shopping experience is made possible by the same types of technologies used in self-driving cars: computer vision, sensor fusion, and deep learning. Our “just walk out technology” automatically detects when products are taken from or returned to the shelves and keeps track of them in your virtual cart. When you re done shopping, you can just leave the store. Shortly after, we ll charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt.We offer delicious ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options made fresh every day by our on-site chefs and favorite local kitchens and bakeries. Our selection of foodstuff ranges from bread and milk to cheeses and locally made chocolates. You ll find well-known brands we love, plus special finds we re excited to introduce to customers. For a quick home-cooked dinner, pick up one of our chef-designed Amazon Meal Kits, and you can make a meal for two in about 30 minutes.Our 1,800-square-foot shopping space is conveniently compact(紧凑的), so busy customers can get in and out fast. It is located at 2131,7th Ave, Seattle, WA, on the corner of 7th Avenue and Blanchard Street. All you need is an Amazon account, a supported smartphone, and the free Amazon Go app.Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program, and will be open to the public soon.1.From the passage, we can learn that Amazon Go.A.is a checkout-free storeB.sells all kinds of goodsC.is open to the publices unknown technologies2. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?A. When Amazon Go charges.B. How Amazon Go works.C. Where Amazon Go lies.D. What Amazon Go sells.3.Customers pay for the products from Amazon Go by.A. paying cash at the counterB. walking out of the storeC. using their Amazon accountsD. scanning smartphones when leaving4.The main purpose of the passage is to.A. encourage people to shop onlineB. advise people to work for AmazonC. inform people of a new concept storeD. tell people the shopping experience答案1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C[五]The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities. While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars, that won t help the millions who are dying in the meantime, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.In March 2016,ten London pigeons became famous. These pigeons were set free from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution. Once in the air, the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below.The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution. London s air pollution problem has been getting worse for years, and it often rises to more than three times the European Union s legal limit.Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “waragainst pollution”in 2014.A seven-metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing s 751D•Park in September 2016.It is a huge, outdoor air purifier. Airborne particles(颗粒)are sucked into the tower where they receive a positive charge. The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust-removal plate and clean air is blown out of the other end. “Changing smog p articles does not take much current,” Roosegaarde said.As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste. Prince Charles owns a set of “smog free”cuff links(袖扣). If the waste is collected on a big scale, Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material.Mexico City has an alternative solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a building, Allison Dring, a Berlin-based architect, managed to catch light and wind from all sides. She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by-products in the absence of oxygen. “It means that you are actually taking carbon(碳)out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,”says Dring.The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles cuff links, the special building surface and pigeons wearing backpacks will have brought the issue more to the public s attention.1.The ten pigeons in London were used to.A. monitor air pollutionB. warn LondonersC. update weather forecastD. promote backpacks2. What can we learn about the Smog Free Tower?A. Its power consumption is high.B.PM waste from it can be reused.C. It is built of agricultural by-products.D. It can attract light and wind from all sides.3. What s the best title for the passage?A. When can humans get rid of smog?B. Why is technology used to fight smog?C. How are the world s cities fighting smog?D. What makes smog a worldwide problem?答案1.A 2.B 3.C[六]The British love word-play and they re enthusiastic about defending the use of their language. In recent years, books about the grammar, pronunciation and punctuation(标点符号)of English have been written by the dozen, and sold extremely well, reflecting people s love of the English language. People want to defend the “correct”use of their language, but also to preserve its ability to evolve along with society. Lynne Truss s book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent exampleof these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change the meaning of a sentence. “Eats shoots and leaves”is a perfectly normal description of a panda s diet: he eats the shoots and leaves of bamboo trees. But the position of the comma(逗号)turns those nouns into verbs, and makes up a ridiculous little story:the panda eats(his dinner), he shoots(a gun), and he leaves(the building). It s a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.Published in 2003, Eats, Shoots & Leaves was an unexpectedly huge success. It is easy to assume the typical reader of this kind of book as the humourless type. However, the book has sold thousands and thousands of copies—it must be appealing to a wide range of people. The book s winning secret is this: it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. It has invited some tough criticism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss.In every generation there will be people who think that the standard of language is in decline, and who are more than happy to write to the newspapers to express their concern and opinions. Truss s book also appeals to those who think that texting and blogging(博客)is lowering the standard of literacy. Whether the standard of the English language is decreasing, or simply evolving into new forms, the success of Eats, Shoots & Leaves proves that this is a subject that many English speakers find interesting and important.1.The title of the book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is a joke which shows.A. a funny feelingB. a trend in writingC. a grammatical pointD. a fact about animals2.The book has been successful because.A.it presents the new research on EnglishB.it solves a serious English language problemC.it shows the British like to teach English to other peopleD.it causes concern for proper use of language in a fun way3. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The English language was better in the past.B. The English language is being improved by technology.C. There is often dissatisfaction with the standard of English.D. There have always been debates on the use of punctuation.4. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Difference a Comma Made.B. The Problem Punctuation Created.C. Proper Understanding of Silly Jokes.D. Public Debate about Language Standards.答案1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A[七]Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C[八]It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn t know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris s eyes rolled back,”Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between l ife and death,”says Taylor.Taylor s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris s heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,”Paris says now. “Most people don t survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I knowI can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A. She caught a bad cold.B. She had a sudden heart problem.C. She was knocked down by a ball.D. She shivered terribly during practice.2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A. She made a worthy friend.B. She recovered from shock.C. She received immediate CPR.D. She came back on the softball team.3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A. Enthusiastic and kind.B. Courageous and calm.C. Cooperative and generous.D. Ambitious and professional.答案1.B 2.C 3.B[九]Hollywood s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.答案1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C[十]California Condor s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los。
2019年全国卷Ⅱ语文高考试题文档版(附答案)【优选】
绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文本试卷共22题，共150分，共10页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
杜甫之所以能有集大成之成就，是因为他有可以集大成之容量。
而其所以能有集大成之容量，最重要的因素，乃在于他生而禀有一种极为难得的健全才性——那就是他的博大、均衡与正常。
杜甫是一位感性与理性兼长并美的诗人，他一方面具有极大极强的感性，可以深入到他接触的任何事物，把握住他所欲攫取的事物之精华；另一方面又有着极清明周至的理性，足以脱出于一切事物的蒙蔽与局限，做到博观兼美而无所偏失。
这种优越的禀赋表现于他的诗中，第一点最可注意的成就，便是其汲取之博与途径之正。
就诗歌体式风格方面而言，古今长短各种诗歌他都能深入撷取尽得其长，而且不为一体所限，更能融会运用，开创变化，千汇万状而无所不工。
我们看他《戏为六绝句》之论诗，以及与当时诸大诗人，如李白、高适、岑参、王维、孟浩然等，酬赠怀念的诗篇中论诗的话，都可看到杜甫采择与欣赏的方面之广；而自其《饮中八仙歌》《曲江三章》《同谷七歌》等作中，则可见到他对各种诗体运用变化之神奇工妙；又如从《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》《北征》及“三吏”“三别”等五古之作中，可看到杜甫自汉魏五言古诗变化而出的一种新面貌。
就诗歌内容方面而言，杜甫更是无论妍媸巨细，悲欢忧喜，宇宙的一切人物情态，都能随物赋形，淋漓尽致地收罗笔下而无所不包，如写青莲居士之“飘然思不群”，写空谷佳人之“日暮倚修竹”；写丑拙则“袖露两肘”，写工丽则“燕子风斜”；写玉华宫之荒寂，予人以一片沉哀悲响；写洗兵马之欢忭，写出一片欣奋祝愿之情、其涵蕴之博与变化之多，都足以为其禀赋之博大、均衡与正常的证明。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十九(19页答案含有解析)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十九[一]When Curie was10years old,in1878,her mother died of tuberculosis（结核病）.The Polish girl then known as Manya Sklodowska carried on with her schoolwork as if nothing had happened,but for months she'd find places to hide so she could cry her eyes out.At age18,she landed a job as governess（家庭教师）to a wealthy family near Warsaw.She ended up falling in love with Casimir Zorawski,an accomplished student of19with whom she shared a love of nature and science.But when Casimir announced that he and Manya wanted to marry,his father threatened to disinherit （剥夺……的继承权）him.Four years dragged by.Finally,Manya told Casimir, "If you cannot decide,I cannot decide for you."Marie and Pierre,whom she married in1895,did indeed work side by side late into the night.But their lab was so shabby and dank that their daughter Irene, at age three,called it"that sad,sad place."And one prominent scientist said that had he not seen the worktable,he would have thought he was in a stable （马厩）.Even before winning the Nobel,Pierre was severely ill from exposure to this fierce energy.He had open sores（溃疡）on his hands and fingers,and increasing difficulty walking.In1906,he fell into the path of a wagon drawn by two huge draft horses,and a wheel ran over his head.He died instantly.Marie was just38.The Sunday after the funeral,instead of staying with family and friends,she returned to the lab.In her diary she wrote Pierre:"I want to talk to you in the silence of this laboratory,where I did not think I could live without you."Later she went back to the Radium Institute she established,teaching, traveling and lecturing until her death,at age66,on July4,1934.1.When her mother died,Manya Sklodowska.A.felt as if nothing had happenedB.could not carry on with her schoolworkC.was very sadD.hid herself in an unknown place2.In1886all of the following happened to Manya EXCEPT.A.She worked as a governess.B.She fell in love with a young man with common interests.C.His father was against their marriage.D.She gave up the young man.3.Marie married at the age of.A.18B.19C.27D.384.After Pierre's death,Curie.A.often talked to him in the silence of the laboratory.B.couldn't live without him.C.left their lab for ever.D.went on with her work.5.It can be inferred from the passage that.A.Casimir didn't love Manya.B.Marie didn't love Pierre.C.Pierre didn't support Curie's work.D.Marie and Pierre loved each other deeply.参考答案：1.C从第一段最后一句话中可以看出，她为母亲的去世感到非常悲伤。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解七选五阅读类型10篇训练之十二(10页)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解七选五阅读类型10篇训练之十二[一]Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers?But now you’re not a child anymore.In fact,there are many advantages of talking to strangers.●You can meet a really great personTalking to a stranger is a good habit because you never know whom you may meet.36.You can also meet someone who`ll give you a chance to get your dream job.●37You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’and relatives’points of view about them too.But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you un-predictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your view.●You improve your social skills38.Asking appropriate questions and attentive listening are two skills that many of us don’t have.You can better these skills when talking to a stranger.●You'll feel a boost of confidenceIf you belong to that shy type of people,talking to a stranger may seem to be a real challenge you.39.You can overcome your fear of being judged by others by talking to strangers and become more confident.●You can cheer someone upThe thing you’ll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone’s day better.pliment(夸奖）people and they’ll think something pleasant about you.Having a sweet short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful.A.Smile and people will smile in return.B.You can expand your world view.C.Why not speak to someone until your turn comes?D.I'm also extremely shy but I realize it's not an issue at all.E.You can meet a person who'll become your best friend in future.F.It may show you the solutions you didn't know about.G.Whatever social skills you have,you can make them better when talking to strangers参考答案：16---20EBGDA[二]Are you truly happy?Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness?36The following are a few tips thatI follow to create happiness in my life.Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.●Surround yourself with happy people.It is easy to begin to thinknegatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way.37 7●When something goes wrong,try to figure out a solution instead of beingabsorbed in self pity.Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.●38These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus onthe positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.●39Whether you treat yourself to lunch,take a long,relaxingbath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance,you will be subconsciously(下意识地)putting yourself in a better mood.●Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness.Find a wayto make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.●Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness.40A.Working out regularly and keeping a balanced diet will have a positiveeffect on your mood.B.On the contrary,if you are around people who are happy,their emotionalstate will be infectious.C.What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someoneelse happy.D.These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness toask themselves.E.There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.F.It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nicefor yourself.G.Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make youhappy.参考答案：36-40DBGFA[三]Job interviewing never seems to get any easier––even when you have gone on more interviews than you can count.You are meeting new people,selling yourself and your skills,and often getting the third degree about what you know or don't know.Here are job interview tips to help you to prepare interview effectively.Proper preparation which help alleviate some of the stress involved in job interviews.PreparePrepare a response so you are ready for the question“What do you know about our company?"36If you're not sure of the name,call and ask prior to the interview.Try to relate what you know about the company when answering questions.37Be on time for the interview.On time means five to ten minutes early. If need be,take some time to drive to the office ahead of time so you know exactly where you are going and how long it will take to get there. Stay Calm38Take a moment to regroup.Maintain eye contact with the interviewer. Listen to the entire question before you answer and pay attention––you will be embarrassed if you forget the question!39Try to relate what you know about the company when answering questions. When discussing your career accomplishments match them to what the company is looking for.Follow upAlways follow up with a thank you note reiterating（重申）your interest in the position.40A.Be on TimeB.Show What You KnowC.Include a pen and paper for note taking.D.During the job interview try to relax and stay as calm as possible.E.Know the interviewer's name and use it during the job interview.F.If you interview with multiple people send each one a thank you note.G.Practice answering interview questions and practice your responses to the typical job interview questions and answers most employers ask.参考答案：36—40EADBF[四]Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact,the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock36Here is how to make one.●37In order to make a change,you need to decide why it's important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day?Once you are clear about your reason,tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.●Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family,save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes,and bags.38That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you’re tired out by Friday night,sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,a recent study found.39●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record.40If not,take another look at other methods you could try.A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the right motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And consider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.G.Reconsider the15minutes you spend in line at the caféto get coffee.参考答案：36-40CBGFE[五]Chopsticks1.When chopsticks were invented?In fact,before the invention of chopsticks,Chinese ancestors actually used hands to eat,but how did they eat soup and porridge?____36____. Chinese started to use chopsticks about3,000years ago in Shang Dynasty.2.Who invented chopsticks?The records of using chopsticks have been found in many written books but lack physical evidence.However many stories are about the invention of chopsticks.One says that Jiang Ziya,an ancient wise man,created chopsticks.____37____.But there is no exact history record about the invention.We can only say that smart ancient Chinese invented chopsticks.3.How to use Chinese chopsticks.Using two slim sticks to pick up food is actually not difficult.You can do it if you practice it for some time,even if you are a foreigner.The key to managing chopsticks is keeping one chopstick in position while moving the other to pick up food.___38___.4.Chopsticks MannersChopsticks are usually held in the right hand,and left-handed chopstick use is considered as improper in China.Playing with chopsticks is thought to be impolite.__39___.5.The philosophy of Chinese chopsticksChinese philosopher Confucius advised people to use chopsticks insteadof knives because the metal knives remind people of cold weapons,which mean killing and violence.6.A chopsticks-themed museum can be found in ShanghaiIf you are truly interested in chopsticks,you can pay a visit to the Shanghai Chopsticks Museum.The museum gathered more than1,200pairs of chopsticks from China,Korea,Japan and Thailand.___40___.A.Chopsticks were introduced to other neighbor countries due to its lightness and convenience.B.It is considered to be polite and thoughtful to pick up food for the elderly and children.C.Bamboo chopsticks are most frequently used in Chinese daily life.D.The oldest one was from the Tang Dynasty.E.There also go around some other stories.F.Remember to practice with patience.G.They had to use sticks to eat them.参考答案：36-40GEFBD[六]They Just Can't Help ItMy theory is that the female brain is mainly built for empathy—the ability to understand other people—and that the male brain is mainly built for building systems.__16__For example,women are more likely to read magazines on fashion and parenting,while men will choose magazines that feature computers and sport.You may think that these preferences are influenced by the way people are taught to behave when they are growing up.However,this is not the case.A new study carried out at Cambridge University shows that newborn girls look longer at a face,and newborn boys look longer at a mobile.__17__ It has also been observed(that girls are better at noticing signs of changes in other people's feelings.Boys,however,seem to enjoy building toy towersand playing with toys which have clear functions.__18__People whose jobs are in the construction industries are almost male.Math and engineering, which require high levels of systems-thinking,are also male-chosen disciplines.Why do men and women have the difference?Actually women have four times as many brain neurons(神经)that connect the right and left part of their brains.Because of it,women have a better ability to multitask than men.__19__Men tend to focus on a limited number of problems at a time.They will separate themselves from problems and view tasks as independent from one another.Some people may worry that I am suggesting one gender(性别)is better than the other,but this is not the case.My theory says that males and females differ in the kinds of things that they find easy,but that both genders have their strengths and weaknesses.__20__It is not true.The study simply looks at males and females as two groups,and asks what differences exist,and why they are there.A.Generally speaking,there are clear differences.B.Their preference for building systems may change over time.C.You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.D.They will consider many sources of information at the same time.E.It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.F.That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological.G.Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like.参考答案：16-20AFCDG[七]Are you planning to study a course from a foreign university?Well,these tips for studying abroad will make you feel at home in a new city.Learn about the university.When you decide to study abroad,it is important to research well.41 Instead,talk to people who have completed their studies from that country. This way you will get some real information about the university you’re applying for.42The more you speak to people,the more you’ll end up driving the blues municating with others will truly be helpful.Not only will it make it easier for you to face personal interviews but also to interact with the local people and fellow students.Keep a diary.Most students feel that the time they spent abroad was the best time of their lives.What better way to keep those moments“alive”forever than by writing them down on a diary?43Be prepared for adjustments.When you land up in a country with a culture that is completely different from yours,chances are that you will experience some level of culture shock. 44Consider your stay abroad as an opportunity to discover a new culture and learn new things.Know what to do in an emergency.45Get the details of the U.S.Embassy,including the phone number,and register(登记）yourself and your family members with the U.S. Embassy.This way you’ll know whom to reach out to in case you’re in an emergency.A.Ensure you have all the documents.B.Develop good communication skills.C.However,don’t let that discourage you.D.Don’t just follow adverts blindly and choose the university.E.Make sure that you know what to do in the face of emergency.F.Keep in touch with your friends at home to avoid homesickness.G.You can write down every little detail of the beautiful time when you study abroad.参考答案：41—45DBGCE[八]How teens can stay fitAny type of regular,physical activity can improve your fitness and your health.__36__Exercise should be a regular part of your day,like brushing your teeth, eating and sleeping.It can be in gym class,joining a sports team,or working out on your own.Keep the following tips in mind：__37__A good attitude is important.Find an activity that you think is fun.You are more likely to stick with it if you choose something you like.A lot of people find it’s more fun to exercise with someone else, so see if you can find a friend or family member to be active with you.Take it one step at a time.__38__For example,walk or ride your bike to school.Get on or off the bus several blocks away and walk the rest of the e the stairs instead of taking the elevator.Get your heart pumping(跳动).Whatever you choose,make sure it includes aerobic(有氧的)activity that makes you breathe harder and increases your heart rate.This is the best type of exercise because it increases your fitness level and makes your heart work better.__39_ Examples of aerobic activities are basketball,running,or swimming.Don’t forget to warm up.With some easy exercises or stretching(拉伸)before you do any physical activity.__40__It is also important to stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles.A．Stay positive and have fun.B．It also burns off body fat.C．Make physical activity a habit.D．The most important thing is that you keep moving!E．Small changes can add up to better fitness.F．Do the activity as often as possible,but don’t exercise to the point of pain.G．This warms your muscles up and may help protect against injury.参考答案：36-40．DAEBG[九]To Live Truly in TodayHere are some suggestions on how we should truly live in today.36_______. If we’re out in the town,then the shops and other people will surround us.If we’re in our kitchen,then our kitchen appliances and the sunlight coming in through our window will surround us.Listen to those you meet.When we’re with other people and they’re talking,how often do we listen?37______.We may be nodding,but our minds may be thinking of financial worries,or we may be waiting for the other person to finish their sentence so that we can jump straight in with what we have to say.None of this is true“listening”.In order to truly listen to someone,we must be in the present.38_______.Hang on every word,and give them the freedom to say what they wish without judgment.By truly listening,you remain in the present with each passing word.39_______.Each day,we have a number of things that we need to do,or that we’d like to do,or simply that we could do.Focus on one day’s work at a time,rather than a number of days at once.Find all that needs to be done on that day,and nothing else.If something can be put off,then do so and replace it with something else that is more urgent.40_________. Focus on that,and nothing else.A.Focus on what has to be done today.B.To be will aware of the past and the future.C.We may even find ways to avoid it altogether.D.Unfortunately,we don’t seem to listen that much at all.E.Once you know what work is the most urgent,then do it.F.We must really hear what they have to say and not be distracted by ourworries.G.No matter where we find ourselves,we are always surrounded by ourimmediate environment.参考答案：36-40GDFAE[十]No one likes to fail.Whether it’s at work,at home,or in another area of your life,failure is painful and it can also be costly in terms of time,money,or both.___36___If you never suffer a failure,then you’re probably not pushing yourself to your full potential.The following are some tips on how to pick yourself up after you’ve failed.Remember that other people fail too.__37__They’ll tell you about that great new contract they signed,not the deal that failed eventually though they worked on it for months.But failure is normal,and lots of people fail time and time again before meeting with success.Remind yourself of your past successes.Failing doesn’t mean that you’re worthless,or that you’ll never achieve the things you want.__38__ Maybe you had high marks last term,or you lost weight,or you learned to play a musical instrument.You might want to write down a list of successes---things that you’ve accomplished over the past few year, whether big or small.If you ever lack confidence,you can go back and read over that list.__39__Your past successes are important,but so are your past failures. You’ve made mistakes before,and you’ve survived them.Perhaps you did badly in an exam,or lost your temper and had to apologize.It’s not fun to think about the times when things went wrong,but by acknowledging your failures,you can remind yourself that today is no different.Just as you recovered in the past,you can recover from your recent failure too.__40__Whatever went wrong,you’re probably facing some sort of decision.Don’t rush into making hasty decision,but do look for a forward path.That might require some deep thinking.A.Make a decision.B.Limit the damage caused.C.Remind yourself of your past failures.D.However,failure is a normal part of life.E.Get some advice and support from others.F.Most people don’t talk openly about their failures.G.Think of all the times in the past when you’ve succeeded.参考答案：3637383940B C A D A。
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2019届二轮复习文学类文本阅读作业（全国卷用）一、阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
很亮的秋天王清铭①南方的季节分野不是很明显，还穿短袖的时候，秋季就在不知不觉中来临了。
叶子还是那么绿，偶尔飘落几片黄叶，但这还不是秋天。
看万山红遍，层林尽染，在南方往往也等到冬天。
郁达夫曾感慨南国的秋色彩不浓，回味不永。
如果不是肌肤偶尔感觉有点凉意，看到那轮月比夜色还早升上有些黯淡的天空，我还真的感觉不到秋季的足迹正从远处逶迤而来。
②我很少仰望天空，也极少出门。
刚读过两句古诗：“人行秋色里，雁落客愁边。
”我只是用肌肤感觉到一点很淡的秋意，而大雁好像有很多年不见了，这些旧时相识大概也忘了混迹于普通市民的我了吧。
如果我也能够长出翅膀，大概也很能飞离这复制一般的日子。
站在楼的最高层，我在高处，但天空在更高的地方，秋高气爽，秋天的高度不是任何人可以触摸到的。
③但秋天毕竟到来了，尽管不像故都的秋那样来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。
前天中午出门，天气还很热，抬头，天似乎显得高了，应该是逐渐枯落的河水给天空腾出一些位置了吧。
立秋以来，有几个阴天，太阳似乎在夏天把自己的能量挥洒殆尽，显得有点有气无力的。
不过这一天还好，在很高的天空中太阳依旧炽热，阳光很亮。
秋天不是诗人所感慨的那样愁云惨雾、落木萧萧，秋天也是很亮的。
④夏天是在炎热的极致中自己化掉的，那么，很亮的秋天是怎么到来的？秋在心上，就是愁。
年轻的时候，我面对悄然侵袭而来的秋天总有一种诗人般的感伤，现在没有了，或许是心灵钝化了吧。
但有一点，我是明确的，秋天从心境开始，也在心境中延伸。
我所要做的就是，在自己的心境中酝酿一个属于自己的秋天。
⑤走在很亮的秋天里，我们也没有萧瑟的感受，南方的秋天更适宜心灵的远行。
我很自然地默念几句前人写秋的诗句。
比如刘禹锡的“晴空一鹤排云上，便引诗情到碧霄”，空中有没有鹤不要紧，重要的是我让自己的思绪翱翔起来了；再比如毛泽东的“鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底，万类霜天竞自由”，鱼在清浅的水底也能够飞翔，真的有点佩服诗人的想象了。
鱼没有天空，没有翅膀，但照样可以飞翔。
环境只能限制身体，但不能束缚人的心灵。
昂扬向上的人，在秋天，或无暇感伤，或超越了悲伤。
⑥人生也有四季，秋季是人的壮年时期。
读蒋捷的《虞美人·听雨》词，词人感慨壮年的羁旅漂泊生活：“壮年听雨客舟中，江阔云低断雁叫西风。
”其实在秋雨中听雨滴落在心上，偶尔感伤一下，说明内心的诗意并没有随流水消逝，随黄叶飘零。
晴朗的时候，也不妨让这只断雁引诗情到碧霄。
壮年漂泊的生活足够让自己的人生也波澜壮阔。
换一个角度看秋天，我们或许能够从中看出秋天的缤纷、高远和壮阔。
说过“人生即痛苦”的叔本华也说过这么一句话：“事物的本身并不影响人，人们只受对事物看法的影响。
”秋在心上，可以是愁，也可以是无边的诗意。
⑦秋天是在心境里展开的，也是在心境中酝酿的。
秋天是收获的季节，犹如酝酿果实，我们也为自己的秋天灌浆，着色。
“一年好景君须记，最是橙黄橘绿时。
”我想我的秋天应该会有自己的收获的，最少，秋天来过我的心灵，在我的心内停留了一段，我的秋天就在心境中铺展开去。
⑧或许秋意渐浓的时候，我也会有点感伤。
我不喜欢张爱玲，但她写的一段话我喜欢：“有一天我们的文明，不论是升华还是浮华，都要成为过去。
然而现在还是清如水明如镜的秋天，我应当是快乐的。
”⑨走在很亮的秋天里，我应当也是快乐的。
（有删改）1．下列对作品有关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是（）A．作者说的“秋天不是诗人所感慨的那样愁云惨雾、落木萧萧”，是对中国传统文人常有的“伤春悲秋”意识的一种新的突破，这种意识在古典诗词中前所未有。
B．“秋天是在心境里展开的，也是在心境中酝酿的”一句强调了人自身对于环境的体验的重要性：不同的季节和境遇尽管会给人不同的感受，但人生的心态最终要靠自己去调适。
C．第④段中“秋在心上，就是愁”一句，恰当地运用了双关手法，还巧妙地结合了汉字的构成，表现了秋天常常带给人的一种感受。
D．本文多处引用古典诗词，除了帮助表达丰富的意蕴外，也增添了文章的文化色彩，使之呈现出浓厚的文学味，也呈现出作者对“秋天”思考的更深层内蕴。
2．赏析文中画线的两个句子。
（1）如果我也能够长出翅膀，大概也很能飞离这复制一般的日子。
（2）我所要做的就是，在自己的心境中酝酿一个属于自己的秋天。
3．请结合本文以及你所读过的文学作品，探究“秋天”这个意象在中国传统文学中所包含的意蕴。
二、阅读下面文章，完成下列小题。
我远来是为的这一湖水①刚下过一场雨，蒙自的老街湿漉漉的。
一线阳光就在这时划过来，南湖上又是一片光鲜。
如果没有穿梭往来的汽车，会让人想起多少年前的5月，同现在差不多的天气，南湖边霎时出现了一群来自全国各地的学生，男的衣衫整洁，女的裙裾飘摇。
一下子涌来这么多文化人，让人有一种震惊和欣喜，来的是西南联大的学生啊。
一个享誉世界的文化讲坛也在南湖边开启。
主讲者有陈寅恪、冯友兰、钱穆、闻一多、朱自清、沈从文……②1938年，在北中国已经放不下一张书桌的情况下，北大、清华、南开三校南迁昆明，组建了西南联大，由于昆明校舍不敷，边城蒙自便暂时接纳了联大的文学院、法学院。
政府尽心，绅士尽力，把联大师生安顿在风景秀丽的南湖边，让他们住进最好的房子。
蒙自海关、法国领事馆、哥胪士洋行和周柏斋的“颐楼”，成了分校的教室和住地。
领事馆敞亮气派，高树挺拔。
哥胪士洋行是整个蒙自最豪华的西式建筑，海关大院则像一座花园。
③这样，西南联大师生的生活就与美丽的南湖融在了一起。
每天，师生上下课经过南湖东堤，课余在湖边读书、唱歌、诵诗，在湖里畅游，在亭上探讨，青春的气息弥漫水中。
鱼翔浅底，鸟儿扑飞，田田莲叶拨弄着微风。
南湖，一时成了联大师生感情的依托、诗情的沃土。
想起诗人周定一的《南湖短歌》，这首诗感情淋漓，淋漓得让人泪涌：我远来是为的这一园花/你问我的家吗/我的家在辽远的蓝天下我远来是为的这一湖水/我走得有点累/让我枕着湖水睡一睡让湖风吹散我的梦/让落花堆满我的胸/让梦里听一声故国的钟……我在这小城里学着异乡话/你问我的家吗/我的家在辽远的蓝天下④蒙自武庙街的颐楼，是十分有特色的民居，作了联大女生的宿舍。
楼高势险，古榕成荫，湖光山色，尽收眼底。
入夜，山风刮来，呜呜嘘嘘，如怨如诉，女生们总是长久不能成眠。
家乡、亲人、故都，无不随风而来，于是，她们将颐楼叫成了听风楼。
听风楼，听的是“风在吼，马在叫，黄河在咆哮”吗？听的是“大风起兮云飞扬，威加海内兮归故乡”吗？⑤虽然美丽的南湖给了师生们暂时的宁静，但是在那个烽火连三月的年代，宁静中又奔涌着激情。
开学第一天，分校师生即在南湖北岸的省立蒙自中学礼堂集会。
会上，北京大学同学会发出《告全国同胞书》，呼吁唤醒国人，担负起应尽的责任，争取国家民族之生存。
他们还走上街头，以各种形式宣传抗战。
有的同学竟就参加了飞虎队，奔向抗日的战场。
⑥现在，我正在一面弧形的标识墙前驻足，上面镌刻着西南联大的校训“刚毅坚卓”。
我不由想起冯友兰先生1938年8月在蒙自为清华第十级毕业生题词中的话：“第十级诸同学由北平而长沙衡山，由长沙衡山而昆明蒙自，屡经艰苦，其所不能，增益盖已多矣。
”朱自清先生的题词中也说：“诸君又走了这么多的路，更多地认识了我们的内地，我们的农村，我们的国家。
诸君一定会不负所学，各尽所能，来报效我们的民族，以完成抗战建国的大业的。
”⑦我慢慢进到楼内，走上楼梯，轻轻推开一扇门，竟然是闻一多先生的宿舍。
先生把蒙自比作了“世外桃源”，他在这里能够静心读书，以至于除吃饭、上课外，长时间不下楼活动。
历史教授郑天挺见他如此“怒读救国”，恐对身体不好，就劝他说：“一多啊，你何妨一下楼呢？”于是闻先生便得了“何妨一下楼主人”的雅号。
现在这个楼门上方，就挂着“一下楼”的匾牌。
走进不大的卧室，一股书香仿佛立时灌了满怀。
先生，久仰了！屋内摆设依旧，只是先生擎着他的《红烛》下楼远去了。
⑧漫步湖边，前面走着的是陈寅恪教授吗？他边走边感慨：“风物居然似旧京，荷花海子忆升平；桥边鬓影还明灭，楼外歌声杂醉酲……”钱穆教授则每天都会来到湖上的荼亭中，伴着一壶茶，沉思久坐。
朱自清教授在这里同样看到了荷塘月色，为此他又有了散文新作，新作里说，“一站到堤上就禁不住想到北平的什刹海”。
蒙自是哈尼族、彝族聚居区，火把节期间，人们在家门口燃起一堆堆火载歌载舞，朱自清也融入这热烈之中：“这火是光，是热，是力量，是青年。
在这抗战时期，需要鼓舞精神的时期，它的意义更是深厚。
”⑨不少教授是带着家眷来的，冯友兰的女儿宗璞后来回忆说：“南湖的水颇丰满，柳岸河堤，可以一观；有时父母携我们到湖边散步。
那时父亲是四十三岁，半部黑髯，一袭长衫，飘然而行。
……在抗战八年艰苦的日子里，蒙自数月如激流中一段平静温柔的流水，想起来，总觉得这小城亲切又充满诗意。
”⑩蒙自分校，虽然只存在了短短几个月，却是西南联大这支现代乐曲中一段优雅的乐章，南湖的音符在其间跳荡。
“当小火车缓慢地从蒙自站驶出时，我们对于这所谓‘边陲小邑’大有依依不舍的情绪。
”这是陈岱孙先生的心声，也代表了蒙自分校师生的心情。
他们坐着窄窄的小火车来，又乘着窄窄的小火车走了，留下长长的铁轨长长的思念。
多少年后，有人毕业直接回来这里工作，有人情意绵绵故地重游。
又多少年后，北大、清华、南开的后生们循着先贤的脚步来，来看这一湖波光潋滟的水。
⑪我仍然沿着湖走，湖边生长着一些茂盛的合欢树，还有各种各样的花草藤蔓，婆婆娑娑延续了不知多少岁月。
（取材于王剑冰同名散文）4．下列对作品的理解和赏析，不准确的一项是（）A．作者借追怀抗战时期西南联大师生在蒙自南湖的一段不同寻常的生活，展现了他们“刚毅坚卓”的精神风貌。
B．“听风楼”的“听风”二字寓意丰富，既指倾听自然山风，也指风声唤起了家国之思、激发了抵御外侮的豪情。
C．第⑦段结尾处，以虚拟之笔描写闻一多先生手擎《红烛》远去的情形，饱含作者对闻先生的崇敬与追思。
D．后生学子循着先贤的足迹造访南湖，以欣赏湖光山色，感受蒙自的风土人情，寻找亲切而充满诗意的生活。
5．蒙自南湖，见证了西南联大一段特殊的岁月，它“如激流中一段平静温柔的流水”，在“宁静中又奔涌着激情”。
结合全文，说说你对这两句话的理解。
6．作者说《南湖短歌》“感情淋漓，淋漓地让人泪涌”，请根据文意，对此诗的这一特点加以赏析。
一1．A【解析】A项，“在古典诗词中前所未有”不正确，古诗词中的秋也并不全部是“愁云惨雾、落木萧萧”。
2．（1）想象奇妙独特，又合情合理，表达了作者对于当前单调重复、远离自然、令人疲乏的生活状态的解脱的渴望。
（2）运用象征的手法，形象地表达了作者对过去“感伤”心境的超越，以及对人生的积极的成熟的感悟。
3．①秋天在中国传统文学中，作为一种“悲凉、感伤”（尤其是在承载着离别、思乡怀人、悼念逝者、感叹年华等情感时）的意象而存在。