陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句精讲精练

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[知识要点梳理]

一、英语句子按用途可分为四类：

1、陈述句：用来说明事实或说话人的看法，包括肯定句和否定句

。

如：He is a doctor.

I didn’t go to school yesterday.

2、祈使句：用来表示请求、命令。如：Be quiet！

Don’t play with fire！

》

3、问句：用来提出问题。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。

如：Do you like English

What time is it

Does he like playing football or playing basketba ll

They went out, didn’t they

4、感叹句：用来表达强烈的感情。如：What a fine day it is！$

How beautiful！

二、用法讲析：

1、陈述句：中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否定句。几种常见形式：

(1)含有谓语动词be，变否定时，be后加not即be not……

I am a teacher → I am not a teacher.

There are some books→There are not any books.

(2)句子谓语动词是实义动词(如：work live)时，要用助动词

do/does/did + not + 动词原形。

？

如：They like swimming→They don’t like swimming.

I came late → I didn’t come late

(3) 句中含有all，both的句子，变完全否定时，要将all→none,

both→neither, both…and…→ neither…nor…要注意谓语动词的变

化。

如：All of us watched the TV → None of us watched the TV.

Both of them are students.→Neither of them is a student.

Both Tom and John have done the homework.→

Neither Tom nor John has done the homework.

(4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否定时变为 have/has+not+done或

had+not+done

》

(5) had better do something变否定时为 had better not do…

如：You’d better have a rest → You’d better not have a rest.

2、疑问句：

（1）一般疑问句：一般指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。

I Tom at home Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.

Can you swim Yes, I can./No, I can’t.

Have they been to Beijing

{

Yes, they have./No, they haven’t.

（2）特殊疑问句：是以疑问词开头的疑问句。

常用疑问词what，where，who，how，what time，how long等其结构：疑问词+一般疑问句

要注意使用一般疑问句的语序。.

My name is Mary→What is your name

I usually get up at 6:30→When do you get up

注意：疑问词作主语或作主语的定语时，语序不变即疑问词（疑问词+被修饰词）+动词+其他

》

Han Mei is on duty Today.→Who is on duty today

My ruler is blue.→Whose ruler is blue

还应注意：特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No回答，应问什么答什么。

（3）选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种。这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。其结构：“一般疑问句+or+其他”

Is her brother a doctor↗or a↘teacher前升后降

Shall we go to the cinema on↗Saturday or on↘Sunday

注意：回答时不用Yes或No，直接回答（根据事实回答）。

如：—Does he like English or Chinese

,

—He likes Chinese.

（4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句之后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句 + 简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句 + 简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。如：

It looks like rain，doesn’t it

He doesn't need to work so late, does he

学习反意疑问句，特别要注意以下的一些特殊情况：

①陈述部分的主语是this，that时，疑问部分的主语多用it；陈述部分的

主语是these，those时，疑问部分的主语是they。如：

This is a dictionary, isn’t it

Those are shelves, aren’t they

—

②陈述句如果是there be 结构时，疑问部分仍用there。如: