moby dick 人物分析教学课件(二)
Moby-Dick白鲸解析
Appreciation of Moby-Dick⏹American epic: one of the world’s greatest masterpieces: an encyclopedia of everything,history, philosophy and religion etc.⏹Shakespearean tragedy: man fighting against naturePlotCall Me Ishmael Ishmael, A thoughtful but gloomy young man, Ishmael begins his odyssey in New Bedford, Massachusetts, a prosperous whaling town and crossing point to the island of Nantucket(楠塔基特岛). Queequeg, a fierce-looking harpooner（叉鱼者）covered with tattoos（纹身）and carrying a tomahawk(美洲印第安人用的战斧)and a shrunken head. They sign the ship’s papers, but on their way back to the inn to get their belongings, they meet Elijah(以利亚), a shabbily dressed old man who haunts the docks.Elijah hints at the dangers to come and warns the two not to get involved with the vengeful captain. The Quest The Pequod leaves Nantucket on Christmas day headed for the whaling grounds in the Pacific. Captain Ahab remains in his cabin for several days, while the crew accustoms itself to life at sea. When Ahab does emerge, his appearance startles Ishmael.A long, white scar runs down Ahab's face, and he walks on an artificial leg made of whalebone. Soon he calls the entire crew together and informs them that their voyage will be no ordinary whaling cruise. Ahab has returned to sea with the sole purpose of finding and killing the whale that took his leg on the previous voyage. He offers a sixteen-dollar gold piece to the first man who spots the white whale, Moby-Dick, and drink to the death of the whale.The ChaseCaptain Ahab●“a grand, ungodly, godlike man,”●two things about Ahab, captain of the Pequod in Moby-Dick:●Ahab was orphaned when he was twelve months old,●one of his legs was lost as a result of his most recent whaling voyage.●The wound is so fresh that the stump（残肢）is still bleeding. Ahab does not make aproper appearance in the book until Chapter 28. The long delay in Ahab's involvement in the action of the novel helps to build him up as a grand figure, the major tragic character Melville wants his readers to see.Ishmael(以实玛利)⏹narrator. A rootless individual, brought up as a good Christian⏹Wanderer disinherited and dismissed from his home in favor of his half brother Isaac(以撒). outcast, drifter, no family, no last name. ran away from society to nature. His running away symbolizes human being's departure from Eden.⏹Then after the experience on the sea, he wished to return to the land.⏹He believed God not to be conquered, survived⏹Whiteman who considers Indians as equal and should share brotherly love. (Queequeg’scoffin)Queequeg⏹ a highborn native of an uncharted south-seas island. His father was a High Chief, and hisuncle a High Priest. Queequeg is covered in tattoos(文身)and worships pagan gods, including a small black idol, Yojo.⏹But the real point about Queequeg is his friendliness. He and Ishmael strike up an instantcomradeship.Themes1.Individual Vs. Nature2.(Ahab) versus Nature (symbolized by Moby-Dick）3.Tragic hero\noble4.Tragedy of man: revenge on nature5.Anyone who wants to revenge will be defeatedGod and Religion⏹religion and God's role in the natural world. westward.⏹God and man, who is the controller⏹Nature and man (Newton: man can study\examine nature)Symbols⏹Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas orconcepts.voyage- "search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience."the Pequod -the ship of the American soulMoby Dick---a symbol of good and evilits whiteness--- paradoxical colorThe Pequod⏹Named after a Native American tribe in Massachusetts⏹did not long survive the arrival of white men and thus turned to be an extinction⏹the Pequod is a symbol of doom.⏹It is painted a gloomy black and covered in whale teeth and bones, --violent death. It is,in fact, marked for death. Adorned (decorate) like a primitive coffin, the Pequod becomes one.⏹American dream :Ishmael thought he found dream and freedom in it.⏹Others sacrifices for the whiteMoby Dick⏹To the Pequod's crew⏹An unknown God whose whiteness represents goodness and tranquility, evil and violence.⏹Ahab : Moby Dick is a manifestation of all that is wrong with the world, and he feels thatit is his destiny to erase this symbolic evil.⏹it represents the destruction of the environment by expansion and exploitation in the 19th⏹For the author and the readers, Ishmael, it is a mystery of the universeQueequeg's Coffin⏹Queequeg‘s coffin alternately symbolizes life and death.⏹Queequeg has it built when he is seriously ill, but when he recovers, it becomes a chestto hold his belongings and an mark of his will to live. He make the knowledge tattooed on his body last forever, by carving it onto the coffin’s lid.⏹The coffin further comes to symbolize life, in a morbid way, when it replaces thePequod…s life buoy（救生衣）. When the Pequod sinks, the coffin becomes Ishmael's buoy, saving not only his life but the life of the narrative that he will pass on.The novel can be understood from three levels⏹ 1. It is a novel of journey and whale catching.⏹ 2. It is a conflict between Captain Ahab and Moby Dick.⏹ 3.It is a story of Ishmael, his thought about human body’s ego realization, therelationship between man and nature, man and God, man and man, etc.Melville’s views of lifea. negative attitude towards life.b. One of the major themes of his is alienation （far away from each other.c. Other themes: loneliness, suicidal individualism (individualism causing disaster and death）, rejection and quest, confrontation of innocence and evil, doubts over the comforting 19th-century idea of progressMelville’s contr ibution to American literature and featuresAutobiographical elements, Moby-Dick for instance SymbolismAhab Moby dick AND Sea whiteness Pequod VoyageThe style of Melville⏹There is a threefold quality in his writing; the style of fact, the style of oratory celebratingthe fact, and the style of meditation.⏹His style is highly symbolic and metaphorical. The novel has many non-narrative chapters,and this is how Melville changed an adventure story into a philosophical novel.⏹He used the technique of multiple views to achieve the effect of ambiguity.⏹Melville manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through employing thetechnique of multiple view of his narratives.O Captain My CaptainO Captain my Captain! our fearful trip is done,The ship has weathered every rack（刑架）, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But O heart! heart! heart!O the bleeding drops of red,Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;Rise up--for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths for you the shores a-crowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! dear father!This arm beneath your head!It is some dream that on the deck,You've fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult O shores, and ring O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.。
白鲸MobyDick作品分析教学课件讲议
Pequod.
副就叫Starbuck。
Moby Dick—the great white whale.
whaleship
Starbuck—the first mate（大副）of the Pequod.
Hale Waihona Puke Queequeg（标枪手魁魁格)— Starbuck’s skilled harpooner and Ishmael’s best friend.
白鲸MobyDick作品分析
About The Author
Herman Melville（1819—1891） was an American novelist,short story writer,essayist,and poet.
Although Melville has been regarded throughout most of the twentieth century as one of America’s most powerful literary artists,particularly for his masterpiece Moby-Dick,he was largely unrecognized in his lifetime.
Symbolism
The land The sea The Pequod The voyage Ahab Ahab's Pipe Starbuck The Doubloon Queequeg's Coffin Moby Dick
Land:a symbol f safety
Sea:a symbol of adventure and danger
moby dick
Themes
Revenge
•Man and the Natural World
•Alienation & Isolation
Alienation exists between man and man, man and society, and man and nature. Ahab cuts himself off from his family, stays away from his crew, hates Moby Dick and becomes a devil rushing to his doom.He was within “the masoned, walled town of a captian’s exclusiveness”,which leads him to his doom.
Symbols
Queequeg’s Coffin:life and death
a.built when Queequeg is seriously ill
b.but when he recovers, it becomes a chest to hold his belongings and an emblem of his will to live. He perpetuates the knowledge tattooed on his body by carving it onto the coffin’s lid. c. When the Pequod sinks, the coffin becomes Ishmael’s buoy, saving not only his life but the life of the narrative that he will pass on.
moby-dick
Herman Melville (1819 - 1891)Herman Melville (1819-1891) was born in New York City in 1819. His parents were of middle-class family background. Because of unwise investment, his father went bankrupt, and then went mad and died in 1832 when Melville was 13, leaving the family with large debts. Melville dropped out of school shortly after his father's death and went to work at the age of 15 in a variety of trades, a bank clerk, a salesman, a farmhand, a school teacher and in 1839 he decided to become a seaman, first signed on to a merchant ship that was going from Boston to Liverpool, England, and then in 1841 signed on for a long whaling journey to the South Seas. Melville did not find the sea life pleasant, for he saw much of injustice that occurred aboard the ship. After a year and a half at sea, Melville and a friend deserted their ship in a Pacific island. But they were captured by Typees, a Polynesian cannibal tribe. They stayed with cannibals for some time and then escaped separately. Melville returned home in 1844. His life at sea proved to be very important for Melville. He once said that a whaling ship and the extensive reading he did while he was at sea was his Yale and Harvard.Melville’s early works are basically a reflection of his varied life experiences. Therefore, it will be difficult to understand his works without knowing his life story. The world in Melville’s fiction mirrors the world he saw—defined by the rough seas and widespread evil. Anyone who boards his ships should have lost innocence already and should expect the unexpected. What he can count on are love of brotherhood, which is in keeping with Melville’s social vision. In many of Melville’s works, we can see another characteristic of Melville’s works, that is, his universe is the single-sex universe, all males and no females.Appreciation of Moby-DickMelville is best known as the author of one book, Moby-Dick, which is one of the world's greatest masterpieces. It is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry. But it is first a Shakespearean tragedy of man fighting against an overwhelming force in a hostile environment. It is a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe, a spiritual exploration into man's deep reality and psychology. Whaling is a perfect metaphor for the pursuit of knowledge.Stylea. The use of allegory and symbolismInstead of putting the battle between Ahab and the whale into a simple statement of facts, Melville uses a lot of symbols and expresses rich allegorical meanings.For example, the crew members on the Pequod are made up of the white, red, black, yellow, and brown races. It is a microcosmic微观世界的, 微观的presentation of multicultural society of the United States, or even of the whole human society. The voyage to discover Moby Dick becomes a search for truth or the ultimate force governing the cosmos. The whaler, which represents human society, is defeated by Moby Dick, which represents nature. This tragic defeat suggests that by no means can human society be compared to nature.b. The production of the first American prose epic. An epic is generally a long poem on an important theme. Although the book is presented in the form of a novel, at times it seems like a prose poem. (这部表面看似杂乱无章、结构松散的皇皇巨著被冠以各种形式的名字:游记、航海故事、寓言、捕鲸传说、有关鲸鱼与捕鲸业的百科全书、美国史诗、莎士比亚式的悲剧、抒情散文长诗、塞万提斯式的浪漫体小说)c. LanguageDifferent levels of language use and styles may confuse the readers at first, but they turn the whole book into a symphony with all musical instruments going on to form a melody.Moby-Dick is Melville’s most famous novel. Just like Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Moby-Dick is highly ambiguous.Critics understand it in strikingly different ways.First, it can be understand as a tragedy of man fighting against an overwhelming force in an indifferent and even hostile environment. Thus, Captain Ahab亚哈is a hero who dares to fight though he failed at last.Secondly, it can be understood as a bitter satire on Transcendentalism’s emphasis on self-reliance. Captain Ahab believes in his own power too much and thus he is doomed to fail, because human’s power is limited and there is a mysterious thing exists in the universe which controls man’s life and cannot be understood by human being.Thirdly, it also can be understood as a tragedy of Ahab because of his blasphemy亵渎神明的行为, which causes the death of him and all his crew except Ishmael. Therefore, Ahab is the symbol of evil, while Moby Dick is the symbol of God or some supernatural power.Lastly, nowadays some people think that the story means man should protect the nature otherwise man will be punished as those whalers in the story were punished by the whale.In my personal opinion, I believe the third understanding is more reasonable. Hereafter, I will give you an explanation in the light of the third understanding.The Biblical and historical references of the names in Moby-DickIn Moby-Dick, All the names, including those of the members of the Pequod's crew and the names of all the ships, are carefully chosen. They are either biblical in origin or have some other historical references. Therefore, an analysis of some major names will help us greatly to understand the themes of the novel.Ishmael以实玛利：亚伯拉罕之子，在以撒出生后被弃。
lecture8 moby dick
Moby Dick
It is widely considered to be a Great American Novel and a treasure of world literature. It is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry. It is regarded as the first American prose epic, a Shakespearean tragedy of a man fighting against overwhelming odds in an indifferent and even hostile world.
Social Backgrounds
Whaling industry
American whaling in its most prosperous time. Whaling is a lucrative work. One whale‟s profit to every crew = half a year‟s revenue of a worker on land
Social Background: capitalism
The capitalism was an extremely greedy monster, swallowed everything endlessly. The blind and cruel predatory activities were not only a disaster but also left shadow in all the areas it conquered. The social atmosphere of conquest and possession was around everywhere.
moby_dick
▪Queequeg’s coffin alternately symbolizes life and death.▪Queequeg has it built when he is seriously ill, but when he recovers, it becomes a chest to hold his belongings and anemblem of his will to live.▪The coffin further comes to symbolize life when it replaces the Pequod’s life buoy. When the Pequod sinks, the coffin becomesIshmael’s buoy(浮标), saving not only his life but the life of thenarrative that he will pass on.Theme1)Melville's bleak view (negative attitude): the sense of futility andmeaninglessness of the world.His attitude to life is “Everlasting Nay”⏹Man in this universe lives a meaningless and futile life,meaningless because futile. Man cannot overcome nature. Oncehe attempts to seek power over it he is doomed.Key FactsFULL TITLE ·Moby-Dick; or The WhaleAUTHOR · Herman MelvilleTYPE OF WORK · NovelGENRE · Epic, adventure story, quest tale, allegory, tragedyLANGUAGE · EnglishTIME AND PLACE WRITTEN · Between 1850 and 1851, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and New York CityDATE OF FIRST PUBLICATION ·1851PUBLISHER · Harper & Brothers in America (simultaneously published in England by Richard Bentley as T HE W HALE)NARRATOR · Ishmael, a junior member of the Pequod’s crew, casts himself as the author, recounting the events of the voyage after he has acquired more experience and studied the whale extensively.POINT OF VIEW · Ishmael narrates in a combination of first and third person, describing events as he saw them and providing his own thoughts. He presents the thoughts and feelings of the other characters only as an outside observer might infer them.TONE · Ironic, celebratory, philosophical, dramatic, hyperbolicTENSE · PastSETTING (TIME) ·1830s or 1840sSETTING (PLACE) · Aboard the whaling ship the Pequod, in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian OceansMAJOR CONFLICT · Ahab dedicates his ship and crew to destroying Moby Dick, a white sperm whale, because he sees this whale as the living embodiment of all that is evil and malignant in the universe. By ignoring the physical dangers that this quest entails, setting himself against other men, and presuming to understand and fight evil on a cosmic scale, Ahab arrogantly defies the limitations imposed upon human beings.RISING ACTION · Ahab announces his quest to the other sailors and nails the doubloon to the mast; the Pequod encounters various ships with news and stories about Moby Dick.CLIMAX · In Chapter 132, “The Symphony,” Ahab interrogates himself and his quest in front of Starbuck, and realizes that he does not have the will to turn aside from his purpose.FALLING ACTION · The death of Ahab and the destruction of the Pequod by Moby Dick; Ishmael, the only survivor of the Pequod’s sinking, floats on a coffin and is rescued by another whaling ship, the Rachel.THEMES · The limits of knowledge; the deceptiveness of fate; the exploitative nature of whalingMOTIFS · Whiteness; surfaces and depthsSYMBOLS · The Pequod symbolizes doom; Moby Dick, on an objective level, symbolizes humankind’s inability to understand the world; Queequeg’s coffin symbolizes both life and deathFORESHADOWING · Foreshadowing in Moby-Dick is extensive and inescapable: everything from the Pequod’s ornamentation to the behavior of schools of fish to the appearance of a giant squid is read as an omen of the eventual catastrophic encounter with Moby Dick.Themes, Motifs & SymbolsThemesThemes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.The Limits of KnowledgeAs Ishmael tries, in the opening pages of Moby-Dick, to offer a simple collection of literary excerpts mentioning whales, he discovers that, throughout history, the whale has taken on an incredible multiplicity of meanings. Over the course of the novel, he makes use of nearly every discipline known to man in his attempts to understand the essential nature of the whale. Each of these systems of knowledge, however, including art, taxonomy, and phrenology, fails to give an adequate account. The multiplicity of approaches that Ishmael takes, coupled with his compulsive need to assert his authority as a narrator and the frequent references to the limits of observation (men cannot see the depths of the ocean, for example), suggest that human knowledge is always limited and insufficient. When it comes to Moby Dick himself, this limitation takes on allegorical significance. The ways of Moby Dick, like those of the Christian God, are unknowable to man, and thus trying to interpret them, as Ahab does, is inevitably futile and often fatal.The Deceptiveness of FateIn addition to highlighting many portentous or foreshadowing events, Ishmael’s narrative contains many references to fate, creating the impression that the Pequod’s doom is inevitable. Many of the sailors believe in prophecies, and some even claim the ability to foretell the future. A number of things suggest, however, that characters are actually deluding themselves when they think that they see the work of fate and that fate either doesn’t exist or is one of the many forces about which human beings can have no distinct knowledge. Ahab, for example, clearly exploits the sailors’ belief in fate to manipulate them into thinking that the quest for Moby Dick is their common destiny. Moreover, the prophesies of Fedallah and others seem to be undercut in Chapter 99, when various individuals interpret the doubloon in different ways, demonstrating that humans project what they want to see when they try to interpret signs and portents.The Exploitative Nature of WhalingAt first glance, the Pequod seems like an island of equality and fellowship in the midst of a racist, hierarchically structured world. The ship’s crew includes men from all corners of the globe and all races who seem to get along harmoniously. Ishmael is initially uneasy upon meeting Queequeg, but he quickly realizes that it is b etter to have a “sober cannibal than a drunken Christian” for a shipmate. Additionally, the conditions of work aboard the Pequod promote a certain kind of egalitarianism, since men are promoted and paid according to their skill. However, the work of whaling parallels the other exploitative activities—buffalo hunting, gold mining, unfair trade with indigenous peoples—that characterize American and European territorial expansion. Each of the Pequod’s mates, who are white, is entirely dependenton a nonwhite harpooner, and nonwhites perform most of the dirty or dangerous jobs aboard the ship. Flask actually stands on Daggoo, his African harpooner, in order to beat the other mates to a prize whale. Ahab is depicted as walking over the black youth Pip, who listen s to Ahab’s pacing from below deck, and is thus reminded that his value as a slave is less than the value of a whale.MotifsMotifs are recurring structures, contrasts, and literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.WhitenessWhiteness, to Ishmael, is horrible because it represents the unnatural and threatening: albinos, creatures that live in extreme and inhospitable environments, waves breaking against rocks. These examples reverse the traditional association of whiteness with purity. Whiteness conveys both a lack of meaning and an unreadable excess of meaning that confounds individuals. Moby Dick is the pinnacle of whiteness, and Melville’s characters cannot objectively understand the White Whale. Ahab, for instance, believes that Moby Dick represents evil, while Ishmael fails in his attempts to determine scientifically the whale’s fundamental nature.Surfaces and DepthsIshmael frequently bemoans the impossibility of examining anything in its entirety, noting that only the surfaces of objects and environments are available to the human observer. On a live whale, for example, only the outer layer presents itself; on a dead whale, it is impossible to determine what constitutes the whale’s skin, or which part—skeleton, blubber, head—offers the best understanding of the entire animal. Moreover, as the whale swims, it hides much of its body underwater, away from the human gaze, and no one knows where it goes or what it does. The sea itself is the greatest frustration in this regard: its depths are mysterious and inaccessible to Ishmael. This motif represents the larger problem of the limitations of human knowledge. Humankind is not all-seeing; we can only observe, and thus only acquire knowledge about, that fraction of entities—both individuals and environments—to which we have access: surfaces.SymbolsSymbols are objects, characters, figures, and colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.The PequodNamed after a Native American tribe in Massachusetts that did not long survive the arrival of white men and thus memorializing an extinction, the Pequod is a symbol of doom. It is painted a gloomy black and covered in whaleteeth and bones, literally bristling with the mementos of violent death. It is, in fact, marked for death. Adorned like a primitive coffin, the Pequod becomes one.Moby DickMoby Dick possesses various symbolic meanings for various individuals. To the Pequod’s crew, the legendary White Wha le is a concept onto which they can displace their anxieties about their dangerous and often very frightening jobs. Because they have no delusions about Moby Dick acting malevolently toward men or literally embodying evil, tales about the whale allow them to confront their fear, manage it, and continue to function. Ahab, on the other hand, believes that Moby Dick is a manifestation of all that is wrong with the world, and he feels that it is his destiny to eradicate this symbolic evil.Moby Dick also bears out interpretations not tied down to specific characters. In its inscrutable silence and mysterious habits, for example, the White Whale can be read as an allegorical representation of an unknowable God. As a profitable commodity, it fits into the scheme of white economic expansion and exploitation in the nineteenth century. As a part of the natural world, it represents the destruction of the environment by such hubristic expansion.Queequeg’s CoffinQueequeg’s coffin alternately symbolizes life and death. Queequeg has it built when he is seriously ill, but when he recovers, it becomes a chest to hold his belongings and an emblem of his will to live. He perpetuates the knowledge tattooed on his body by carving it onto the coffin’s lid. The coffin further com es to symbolize life, in a morbid way, when it replaces the Pequod’s life buoy. When the Pequod sinks, the coffin becomes Ishmael’s buoy, saving not only his life but the life of the narrative that he will pass on.。
moby dick白鲸【ppt】
Ahab Symbol of solipsism, revenge and thDick
1. Search for truth The story deals with the human pursuit of truth and the meaning of existence.
Queequeg’s coffin Life and death
The name 'Ishmael' stems from that of the first son of Abraham in the Old Testament.
Abraham
Hagar Sarah
Ishmael Isaac
The name has come to symbolize orphans, exiles, and social outcasts.
Captain Ahab: the Captain of the Pequod. He is reaching his sixties. He believes he is fated to kill Moby Dick and lives for this purpose alone for this whale took Ahab's leg, causing him to use a leg made of the jaw of a whale to walk and stand.
"Captain Ahab, I have heard of Moby Dick- but it was not Moby Dick that took off thy leg?" "Who told thee that?" cried Ahab; then pausing, "Aye, Starbuck; aye, … it was Moby Dick that dismasted me; Moby Dick that brought me to this dead stump I stand on now. Aye, aye," he shouted with a terrific, loud, animal sob, like that of a heartstricken moose; …
《白鲸记》主要角色象征意义解读
摘要：《白鲸》是美国十九世纪著名作家赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的经典巨著，被公认为世界上最具象征意义的小说之一。
作者寓事于理,寄托深意，透射深刻哲理,平叙中揭示人生真谛，展现了作者对人类文明和命运的独特反思。
文章分析了作品中主要角色白鲸莫比·迪克、船长亚哈伯和捕鲸船裴廓德的象征意义。
捕鲸船裴廓德象征人类生存的舞台;象征执著探寻自然界奥秘的美国精神;象征着人类敌视自然的必然命运;象征着灭亡;船长亚哈伯既是人类本质中邪恶的象征，又是人类反抗命运的象征;白鲸莫比·迪克是庞大的资本主义生产方式和大自然的象征,而它的白色象征了纯洁和无辜。
对作品中主要角色象征意义的探析，有助于映现作品高超的艺术特征与美学价值，揭示其深刻的主题：人类应该尊重自然、探索了解自然，敌对、反抗自然必将导致灭亡。
关键词：白鲸；主要角色；象征意义一、引言《白鲸》(MOBY DICK)是美国十九世纪著名作家赫尔曼·麦尔维尔(Herman Melville,1819-1891)的代表作,是美国文学史上一部经典巨著，被公认为世界上最具象征意义的小说之一。
故事描述的是一场人同自然和命运相抗争的恶梦：亚哈伯(Ahab)船长指挥的裴廓德(Pequod)捕鲸船远航追杀白鲸莫比·迪克，最后船毁人亡、同归于尽。
作者寓事于理,寄托深意，透射深刻哲理,平叙中揭示人生真谛，展现了作家对人类文明和命运的独特反思。
文章分析了作品中的主要角色白鲸莫比·迪克、船长亚哈伯和捕鲸船裴廓德的象征意义。
捕鲸船裴廓德的象征意义非常丰富。
它代表人类生存的舞台;象征执著探寻自然界奥秘的美国精神;代表原始文化的一叶方舟;象征基督教对其他“落后”文化的统治之地;又由于裴廓德取自被灭绝的美国土著印第安部落之名,因而它还象征人类的邪恶世界必遭毁灭的命运。
裴廓德的船名本身就象征着灭亡;全体船员的最终灭亡,象征着人类敌视自然的必然命运;然而,小说中更为隐秘微妙的复杂象征主要体现在白鲸莫比·迪克和船长亚哈伯这两个形象身上。
moby dick
f. married an above girl from a wealthy family who need lots of money to live an extravagant life g. friendship with Hawthorne who influenced him in both outlook and writing h. worked in Custom House in New York Twenty years before his death, he was forgotten as a writer. Hawthorne: he has a very high and noble nature.
9.Symbolism in a metaphor for “search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience.(Hoffman) b.Pequod: the ship of American soul, and the endeavor of its crew represents the maniacal fanaticism of the white mental consciousness.(Lawrence)
Themes of Melville:
1.Alienation between man and man, man and society, and man and nature. 2.Impossibility of love, of friendship, of communication, of self-respect, of life itself. 3.Life on the sea 4. quest for the meaning of the universe.
[梅尔维尔,德勒兹,白鲸]德勒兹游牧思想与梅尔维尔小说《白鲸》中的埃哈伯
![[梅尔维尔,德勒兹,白鲸]德勒兹游牧思想与梅尔维尔小说《白鲸》中的埃哈伯](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d9532a3bf8c75fbfc67db220.png)
德勒兹游牧思想与梅尔维尔小说《白鲸》中的埃哈伯《白鲸》(Moby Dick)是 19 世纪美国浪漫主义代表作家梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)的海上悲剧传奇小说。
专家学者们从不同角度对它进行研究：象征意义、宗教意义、生态意义、悲剧人物特点、自然主义色彩、叙事特点等等。
法国后现代主义哲学家德勒兹和伽塔里在他们的合著《千座高原》中多次提及《白鲸》，把《白鲸》作为他们阐述生成这一哲学思想的典型案例。
本文探索德勒兹游牧思想与梅尔维尔的《白鲸》之间的契合点。
一、德勒兹的游牧思想德勒兹的游牧思想就是主体通过不断地变换地理位置，实现身体和精神上的改变，通过块茎方式，不断生成，不断去疆域化，去除脸面性，形成无器官身体，通过变换的重复，创造差异，以在后现代主义哲学视野下重新构想当今正在变得不断趋同的世界。
正如哲学将自己置身于无家可归之后才四海为家那样，游牧思想对欲望的放逐恰好也是为先聚敛，再形成无所不在的动力，以此不断地移动，不断地变化，不断地生产和创造出差异。
德勒兹的游牧思想，是在长期的哲学解读和文学浸染中逐渐形成的。
经过精心梳理，他发现在卢克莱修、休谟、斯宾诺莎、尼采和柏格森等人之间，存在着一种神秘的联系，这种联系由对消极的批评、对快乐的培养、对内在性的憎恨、对力量与关系之外在性的颂扬，以及对权力的斥责等等所构成。
二、《白鲸》中的游牧思想(一)块茎视域下的埃哈伯块茎(rhizome)表述的既是迥然不同的事物、地点和人物之间所发生的关系，也可以是最为相似的事物、地点和人物之间所发生的关系。
块茎的生长方式不是树状化的，不遵循根、干、枝、叉、叶的生长原则。
块茎的衍生物没有对源生物的记忆。
作为由两个不同事物上分离出来的脱裂物所组成的与原母体性质迥然不同的子事物，块茎的最典型特征就是无痕脱裂原则子体从母体脱裂时不留任何痕迹，还有反溯源性。
(二)脸面性视域下的埃哈伯根据德勒兹和伽塔里，脸是由白墙与黑洞构成的体系。
mobydick人物分析
亚哈船长在故事中曾经向皮阔 德夫人表白，但她拒绝了他。
皮阔德夫人对亚哈船长的复仇 计划持有反对意见，认为这是 不道德和疯狂的。
尽管皮阔德夫人拒绝了亚哈船 长的爱情，但她仍然关心他的 命运，并试图劝阻他放弃复仇 计划。
皮阔德夫人ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้魁魁格的关系
皮阔德夫人是魁魁格的朋友和保护者。
魁魁格在故事中曾经向皮阔德夫人求婚，但她拒绝了他。
皮阔德夫人的善良与坚韧
总结词
皮阔德夫人是小说中的女性角色，她善良、坚韧，为故事增添了温情和力量。
详细描述
皮阔德夫人虽然身处男性主导的世界，但她的善良和坚韧精神使她成为一股不可忽视的力量。她不仅关心船员们 的身体健康，还在精神上给予他们支持。在面对困境时，她始终保持乐观的心态，用自己的力量鼓舞着周围的人。
Moby Dick作为自然界的力量 ，与人类形成了一种对立关系 。故事中的人物对待白鲸的态 度和行为，反映了人类对自然 界的认知和态度，引发了对人 与自然关系的深刻思考。
感谢您的观看
THANKS
尽管皮阔德夫人拒绝了魁魁格的爱情，但她仍然关心他的命运，并试图帮助他摆脱 困境。
魁魁格与伊萨克·斯奈德的关系
01
伊萨克·斯奈德是魁魁格的朋友和保护者。
02
魁魁格在故事中曾经向伊萨克·斯奈德求助，希望他能帮助自己
摆脱困境。
伊萨克·斯奈德尽力帮助魁魁格，并试图劝阻他不要参与亚哈船
03
长的复仇计划。
05
船员与其他人物的 关系
Ishmael与Ahab的关系是叙述 者和主角的关系。Ishmael通 过观察和叙述Ahab的故事，展 现了人类对自然界的复杂情感 。
船员与其他人物的关系展现了 团队协作与个人英雄主义之间 的冲突。在追捕白鲸的过程中 ，船员们既有合作也有分歧， 展现了人性的复杂性和多样性 。
Moby-Dick
According to the Bible, Ahab was the son of King Omri and one of Israel's most powerful rulers. He wanted to covet Naboth’s vineyard, which Naboth won’t give to him.
The result was just like the prophecy of Elijah,although the White Whale was stabbed to death, Ahab and the "Pequod" were also shipwrecked.
----Moby Dick .
Persuaded by his wife, he built an altar in Samaria dedicated to the false god Baal.
Many people considered Ahab the worst ruler that ancient Israel ever had. His wife Jezebel was so evil that she has come to symbolize immoral and cruel throughout history. .
2. The King Ahab of the book of Kings is a criminal representative. He is extremely arrogant.
He violates God's commandments again and again. In God's eyes, he is a heinous man. At last, he was stabbed to death by an arrow when he fought against Jehoshaphat, king of Jewish.
文学作品《白鲸》分析 Moby Dick
④But the whale rushed around in a sudden maelstrom; seized the swimmer between his jaws…and went down. (p208. para2 last three lines) ⑤Moby Dick rose again, with some tatters of Radney’s red wooden shirt, caught in…finally wholly disappeared. (p.209 para1 line3-5)
Emerson 's prose (p.140 para5)
1. highly individual (Line1) 2. polish each sentence into a striking thought (Line4) 3. the unit of thought is generally the sentence (Line6)
2. Moby-Dick --1). one of the Top Ten Literary Works in the world 2). The greatest Marine Legend Novel in the History of World Literature 3). Encyclopedia of Whaling
Moby Dick is an impersonal force, God, inscrutable(神秘的) and powerful.
②A very white, and famous, and most deadly immortal monster, Don;-but that would be too long a story.’ (p.207 para10)
MobyDick作者 ppt课件
• In August 1843, he became a sailor on
a warship(军舰), retired in October
1844 in Boston. Then he began to write and became a novelist. Taking the experiences at sea for the factual basis, the novel Moby Dick had come into being and been considered as one of the greatest novels in America. Melville is known as the American
• His works also include short stories like Bartleby《书记员巴特子比》 and novellas (中篇小说) like Billy Budd《比利·巴德》 and so on. Many of his works are steeped in(充满着)metaphor and allegory(寓言), at times cynical（愤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的）,
Civil War poems,1866) • 《克拉瑞尔》(Clarel,1876) ——长诗 • 《约翰·玛尔和其他水手》(John Marr and Other
Sailors，1888) ——诗集 • 《梯摩里昂》(Timoleon,1Fra bibliotek91) ——诗集
• When he died in 1891, he was almost completely forgotten. It was not until the "Melville Revival" in the early 20th century that his work won recognition, especially MobyDick, which was hailed as one of the literary masterpieces of both American and world
Moby-Dick白鲸解析
Moby-Dick白鲸解析Appreciation of Moby-DickAmerican epic: one of the world’s greatest masterpieces: an encyclopedia of everything,history, philosophy and religion etc.Shakespearean tragedy: man fighting against naturePlotCall Me Ishmael Ishmael, A thoughtful but gloomy young man, Ishmael begins his odyssey in New Bedford, Massachusetts, a prosperous whaling town and crossing point to the island of Nantucket(楠塔基特岛). Queequeg, a fierce-looking harpooner （叉鱼者）covered with tattoos（纹身）and carrying a tomahawk(美洲印第安人用的战斧)and a shrunken head. They sign the ship’s papers, but on their way back to the inn to get their belongings, they meet Elijah(以利亚), a shabbily dressed old man who haunts the docks.Elijah hints at the dangers to come and warns the two not to get involved with the vengeful captain. The Quest The Pequod leaves Nantucket on Christmas day headed for the whaling grounds in the Pacific. Captain Ahab remains in his cabin for several days, while the crew accustoms itself to life at sea. When Ahab does emerge, his appearance startles Ishmael.A long, white scar runs down Ahab's face, and he walks on an artificial leg made of whalebone. Soon he calls the entire crew together and informs them that their voyage will be no ordinary whaling cruise. Ahab has returned to sea with the sole purpose of finding and killing the whale that took his leg on the previous voyage. He offers a sixteen-dollar gold piece to the first man who spots the whitewhale, Moby-Dick, and drink to the death of the whale.The ChaseCaptain Ahab●“a grand, ungodly, godlike man,”●two things about Ahab, captain of the Pequod in Moby-Dick:●Ahab was orphaned when he was twelve months old,●one of his legs was lost as a r esult of his most recent whaling voyage.●The wound is so fresh that the stump（残肢）is still bleeding. Ahab does not make aproper appearance in the book until Chapter 28. The long delay in Ahab's involvement in the action of the novel helps to build him up as a grand figure, the major tragic character Melville wants his readers to see.Ishmael(以实玛利)narrator. A rootless individual, brought up as a good ChristianWanderer disinherited and dismissed from his home in favor of his half brother Isaac(以撒). outcast, drifter, no family, no last name. ran away from society to nature. His running away symbolizes human being's departure from Eden.Then after the experience on the sea, he wished to return to the land.He believed God not to be conquered, survivedWhiteman who considers Indians as equal and should share brotherly love. (Queequeg’scoffin)Queequega highborn native of an uncharted south-seas island. His father was a High Chief, and hisuncle a High Priest. Queequeg is covered in tattoos(文身)and worships pagan gods, including a small black idol, Yojo.But the real point about Queequeg is his friendliness. He and Ishmael strike up an instantcomradeship.Themes1.Individual Vs. Nature2.(Ahab) versus Nature (symbolized by Moby-Dick）3.Tragic hero\noble4.Tragedy of man: revenge on nature5.Anyone who wants to revenge will be defeatedGod and Religionreligion and God's role in the natural world. westward.God and man, who is the controllerNature and man (Newton: man can study\examine nature) SymbolsSymbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas orconcepts.voyage- "search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience."the Pequod -the ship of the American soulMoby Dick---a symbol of good and evilits whiteness--- paradoxical colorThe PequodNamed after a Native American tribe in Massachusettsdid not long survive the arrival of white men and thus turned to be an extinctionthe Pequod is a symbol of doom.It is painted a gloomy black and covered in whale teeth and bones, --violent death. It is,in fact, marked for death. Adorned (decorate) like a primitive coffin, the Pequod becomes one.American dream :Ishmael thought he found dream and freedom in it.Others sacrifices for the whiteMoby DickTo the Pequod's crewAn unknown God whose whiteness represents goodness and tranquility, evil and violence.Ahab : Moby Dick is a manifestation of all that is wrong with the world, and he feels thatit is his destiny to erase this symbolic evil.it represents the destruction of the environment by expansion and exploitation in the 19thFor the author and the readers, Ishmael, it is a mystery of the universeQueequeg's CoffinQueequeg‘s coffin alternately symbolizes life and death.Queequeg has it built when he is seriously ill, but when he recovers, it becomes a chestto hold his belongings and an mark of his will to live. He make the knowledge tattooed on his body last forever, by carving it onto the coffin’s lid.The coffin further comes to symbolize life, in a morbid way, when it replaces thePequod…s life buoy（救生衣）. When the Pequod sinks, the coffin becomes Ishmael's buoy, saving not only his life but thelife of the narrative that he will pass on.The novel can be understood from three levels1. It is a novel of journey and whale catching.2. It is a conflict between Captain Ahab and Moby Dick.3.It is a story of Ishmael, his thought about human body’s ego realization, therelationship between man and nature, man and God, man and man, etc.Melville’s views of lifea. negative attitude towards life.b. One of the major themes of his is alienation （far away from each other.c. Other themes: loneliness, suicidal individualism (individualism causing disaster and death）, rejection and quest, confrontation of innocence and evil, doubts over the comforting 19th-century idea of progressMelville’s contr ibution to American literature and features Autobiographical elements, Moby-Dick for instance SymbolismAhab Moby dick AND Sea whiteness Pequod VoyageThe style of MelvilleThere is a threefold quality in his writing; the style of fact, the style of oratory celebratingthe fact, and the style of meditation.His style is highly symbolic and metaphorical. The novel has many non-narrative chapters,and this is how Melville changed an adventure story into a philosophical novel.He used the technique of multiple views to achieve the effect of ambiguity.Melville manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through employing thetechnique of multiple view of his narratives.O Captain My CaptainO Captain my Captain! our fearful trip is done,The ship has weathered every rack（刑架）, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But O heart! heart! heart!O the bleeding drops of red,Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;Rise up--for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths for you the shores a-crowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! dear father!This arm beneath your head!It is some dream that on the deck,You've fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult O shores, and ring O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.。
美国文学课件Herman_Melville_and_Moby_____dick
Despite this continued output and the fact his earlier novels continued to be reprinted and sold fairly well, Melville's literary reputation was in rapid decline. His death from a heart attack on September 28, 1891 went entirely unheeded by the general public.
Melville was welcomed home by his family who was entertained by his tales of the high seas and encouraged him to write them down. Herman wrote Typee quickly in 1845, and published it the next year. Typee became a critical and financial success in 1847, Melville married Elizabeth Shaw, daughter of the Chief Justice of Massachusetts.
Melville's literary reputation remained in decline until he was rediscovered in the 1920's, when a generation, disillusioned by the Great War began to appreciate the depth of Melville's spiritual struggles and the 'modern' experimental style of his stories.
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moby dick 人物分析教学课件(二)
- Moby Dick 人物分析教学课件
- 介绍
- Moby Dick 是一个由 Herman Melville 所写的小说，讲述了一个叫做 Ishmael 的人加入一个捕鲸船队，最终与一只巨大的白色抹香鲸 Moby Dick 相遇的故事。
- 该课件旨在帮助学生深入了解小说中的人物，包括主要人物和次要人物，以及他们在故事中的角色和作用。
- 主要人物
- Ishmael：小说的叙述者和主角，是一个年轻的水手，他加入捕鲸船队的原因是为了逃避社会的压力和孤独。
- Captain Ahab：捕鲸船 Pequod 的船长，他曾经与 Moby Dick 相遇并失去了一条腿，因此对这只抹香鲸充满了仇恨和痴迷。
- Queequeg：一个来自南太平洋的人类骨灰盒制造商，他是Ishmael 的好友和船员，他的存在为小说注入了异域风情。
- 次要人物
- Starbuck：Pequod 的第一副船长，他是一个理智和谨慎的人，与 Ahab 的疯狂形成了鲜明的对比。
- Stubb：Pequod 的第二副船长，他是一个幽默和风趣的人，经常用幽默来缓解紧张的气氛。
- Flask：Pequod 的第三副船长，他是一个身材矮小但非常勇敢的人，经常被派去执行危险的任务。
- 人物分析
- Ishmael：他是小说的叙述者和主角，他的存在使得读者可以更好地理解整个故事。
他的性格开朗、善良、有同情心，但也有一些孤独和自卑的情感。
- Captain Ahab：他是小说中最具有争议性的人物之一，他的痴迷和仇恨使得他变得疯狂和残忍。
他的存在为小说注入了一种黑暗和
恐怖的气氛。
- Queequeg：他是一个非常有趣的人物，他的存在为小说增添了
一些异域风情。
他的性格豁达、勇敢、有爱心，但也有一些超自然的
信仰。
- Starbuck：他是一个非常理智和谨慎的人，他的存在为小说增
添了一些平衡和稳定的因素。
他的性格沉着、有条理、有责任心，但
也有一些犹豫和犹豫不决的情感。
- Stubb：他是一个非常幽默和风趣的人，他的存在为小说增添了
一些轻松和幽默的气氛。
他的性格幽默、风趣、机智，但也有一些轻
浮和不够认真的情感。
- Flask：他是一个身材矮小但非常勇敢的人，他的存在为小说增
添了一些冒险和刺激的元素。
他的性格勇敢、敏捷、果断，但也有一
些鲁莽和不够谨慎的情感。
- 总结
- 通过对 Moby Dick 中主要人物和次要人物的分析，我们可以更
好地理解小说中的情节和主题。
每个人物都有自己独特的性格和作用，他们的存在使得小说更加丰富和有趣。