期末翻译作业与论文
大学英语期末作文翻译
大学英语期末作文翻译Title: The Importance of College English Final Exam。
As the semester comes to an end, college students across the country are preparing for their final exams in various subjects, including the dreaded college English final exam. Many students may wonder why this particular exam is so important, and why it is given so much weight in their overall grade. In this essay, we will explore the importance of the college English final exam and why it is crucial for students to take it seriously.First and foremost, the college English final exam is important because it assesses the students' overall understanding and proficiency in the English language. English is a universal language, and having a strong command of it is essential for success in both academic and professional settings. The final exam provides an opportunity for students to demonstrate their ability to comprehend and analyze complex texts, as well as to expresstheir thoughts and ideas coherently and effectively. By doing well on the exam, students can prove that they have the language skills necessary to excel in their future endeavors.Furthermore, the college English final exam serves as a comprehensive review of the material covered throughout the semester. It tests students on their knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills, allof which are fundamental components of the English language. By studying for the exam, students are able to revisit and reinforce the concepts and skills they have learned in class, which can help solidify their understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, the exam provides an opportunity for students to identify any areas of weakness and to seek help or additional practice in those areas.In addition to assessing language proficiency and serving as a review of course material, the college English final exam also plays a significant role in determining students' grades. The exam is often weighted heavily, and a good performance can have a positive impact on a student'soverall grade in the course. Conversely, a poor performance can lower a student's grade, potentially affecting their GPA and academic standing. As such, it is crucial for students to dedicate time and effort to prepare for the exam in order to achieve the best possible outcome.Moreover, the college English final exam is an opportunity for students to showcase their academic growth and development. Throughout the semester, students have been exposed to a variety of texts, writing assignments, and language exercises that have helped them expand their knowledge and skills in English. The final exam allows students to demonstrate how they have grown as learners and how they have applied what they have learned in a meaningful way. It is a chance for students to take pridein their accomplishments and to show their teachers and peers how far they have come.In conclusion, the college English final exam is a crucial component of the academic experience for college students. It assesses language proficiency, serves as a comprehensive review of course material, determinesstudents' grades, and allows students to showcase their academic growth and development. As such, it is essential for students to take the exam seriously and to prepare for it diligently. By doing so, students can demonstrate their mastery of the English language and set themselves up for success in their future academic and professional pursuits.。
英语翻译毕业论文
英语翻译毕业论文English Translation of Graduation Thesis (700 words)Title: The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior Abstract:With the rapid development of technology, social media has become an integral part of people's daily lives. This study aims to explore the impact of social media on consumer behavior. Through a literature review and data analysis, the study found that social media has a significant influence on consumer decision-making, product preference, and purchasing behavior. In addition, social media platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram, have become important channels for consumers to obtain product information and make purchasing decisions. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for marketers to understand and utilize social media to enhance consumer engagement and improve business performance.Keywords: social media, consumer behavior, decision-making, product preference, purchasing behaviorIntroduction:Social media has revolutionized the way people interact with the world. It has become an essential tool for communication, entertainment, and information sharing. According to statistics, the number of social media users worldwide has reached billions, making it an important platform for companies to reach their target audience. Understanding the impact of social media on consumer behavior is crucial for businesses to develop effective marketingstrategies.Literature Review:Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of social media on consumer behavior. Some studies have found that social media has a significant impact on consumer decision-making. For example, Lam et al. (2016) found that social media plays an important role in shaping consumer attitudes and perceptions towards a brand. Consumers tend to trust information obtained from social media platforms more than traditional advertising methods. This trust leads to increased brand loyalty and purchase intention.On the other hand, social media has also been found to influence product preference. Consumers often rely on social media recommendations and reviews to make purchase decisions. Lin et al. (2017) found that positive reviews and high ratings on social media platforms significantly increase consumers' willingness to purchase a product. This indicates that companies should actively engage with consumers on social media and encourage positive reviews to enhance product preference.Furthermore, social media has a direct impact on consumers' purchasing behavior. Research by Smith (2018) revealed that social media platforms have become important channels for consumers to obtain product information and make purchasing decisions. Consumers often scroll through their social media feeds and come across product advertisements or recommendations. These social media interactions directly influence their purchasing behavior, leading to increased sales for businesses.Methodology:To investigate the impact of social media on consumer behavior, this study conducted a survey involving 300 participants. The survey consisted of questions related to consumer decision-making, product preference, and purchasing behavior. The data collected was analyzed using statistical methods to identify correlations and trends.Results and Discussion:The data analysis showed a strong correlation between social media usage and consumer behavior. A majority of the participants indicated that they regularly used social media platforms to gather product information and make purchasing decisions. Additionally, positive reviews and recommendations from social media influencers were found to significantly influence consumer purchasing behavior.Conclusion:This study concludes that social media has a significant impact on consumer behavior. Companies should leverage social media platforms to engage with consumers, build brand loyalty, and enhance product preference. Strategies such as influencer marketing and encouraging positive reviews can effectively drive sales and improve business performance.。
期末论文浅谈俳句翻译的感想（共5篇）
期末论文浅谈俳句翻译的感想（共5篇）第一篇：期末论文浅谈俳句翻译的感想浅谈俳句翻译的感想经过半年的诗歌翻译学习，感觉俳句翻译是很有意思的，下面就半年来学习的俳句翻译谈一下自己的感想。
俳句是日本韵文学的传统形式之一，其本质特征在于它的滑稽性、酬唱性和即兴性，俳句的翻译也必须遵循这一基本原则。
众所周知，俳句是日本韵文学的传统形式之一，也是日本诗歌最为精炼、最为突出的代表之一。
作为世界文学中最短的格律诗之一，俳句由十七个音组成，分三节，以五七五为节。
不仅如此，俳句也是最为具有了象征意义的诗歌之一。
之所以如此，在于俳句之中必须嵌入季语，即指示四季或者节令的季节用语，由此而体现出日本人的自然观或者价值观。
日本俳句有着强烈的季节性，因为俳句字数和格式有限制，古代语法也是其中的特色之一。
因为俳句中的语法关系除了具有规定词与词的关系功能外，还具有添加意义，增加表现力的功能，老师曾经说过翻译俳句的过程也是诗歌创作的过程。
对于一首俳句，不同的思想会造成不同的理解，而不同的理解会翻译成不同格调的诗句，因此一首俳句的翻译并没有固定的标准的答案，万物是变化的，思想是灵活而又广阔的，只要明白了俳句其中的灵魂，我们便可以翻译出其中的真谛，我们知道在我们国家有人靠写诗书愤，有人靠写词治病，在日本有人靠俳句活着，有人靠俳句带动文化的发展。
寥寥几字，便可带来五彩世界，万般念想。
这便是诗词俳句的魅力。
对于俳句的赏析，我们可以从季语着手进行俳句的季节性的赏析，比如代表春天“若葉”，代表夏天的“万緑”，秋天的“秋風”和冬天的“木枯らし”。
季语出现和自然界浑然一体，每一个季语的出现就好像是一个发芽，抑或一阵凉风，抑或一片秋叶，抑或一片冬雪，一个个自然的信息通过几个假名告诉我们这是哪个季节。
也可以从语法进行赏析，比如“生き残った虫の一つは火をめぐる”中的“は”，は的提示作用给人一种注视的感觉。
体现了“は”的深情。
还比如“田一枚植えて立ち去る柳かな”中的“て”的切换功能等等，也可以从作者的思想着手赏析。
英语议论文经典范文3篇（带翻译）
英语议论文经典范文3篇（带翻译）英语议论文经典范文3篇（带翻译）有很多的同学在写英语作文的时候，也会写一些经典的议论文，小编整理了相关范文，希望会对大家有所帮助！英语作文范文带中文翻译Manyyearsago,themovieabouttheyouthbecameverypopular, everyyear,wecanseeman yhotmoviesabouttheprotagonist’spassedyouth.Peopleliketorec alltheirpassedyouth, whichmakessuchmoviessellgood.ButIfindthecommonthingsabo utthesemovies,alltheprotagonists’youthareaboutfighting,loveandothernegativethin gs.Iunderstandthedirectors’intention,they wanttotellpeopleyouthisnotperfectandhav ingpities.Ofcoursemovieisexaggerating,therealyouthisaboutstudying,atleast,mostp eoplehaveworkedsohardtogetintotheiridealcolleges.Whatthemoviesdescribemakeup somepeople’syouth,forwhichtheydon’thavethechancetoexperienc e.Weshouldnot bemisledbythesemovies,fortheteenagers,theirjobistostudy,sothattheycanhaveabright future.【翻译】很多年以前，关于青春的电影很受欢迎，此后每年，我们都可以看到很多热门电影是关于主人公逝去的青春。
译作期末总结
译作期末总结校园漫漫长路即将迈进期末，回首望去，这一学期的译作课程给我带来了许多挑战和收获。
在这学期里，我通过学习课堂内容，参与翻译实践和阅读文献等方式，逐渐提高了我的翻译能力和水平，积累了宝贵的译作经验。
在这篇期末总结中，我将会回顾、总结和反思本学期的学习历程，并提出未来的发展目标。
首先，通过本学期的学习，我对翻译的基本概念和原则有了更深入的理解。
翻译不仅仅是语言的转换，更是文化的传递。
在课堂上，老师教授了翻译的基本原则，例如忠实忠诚原则、传达原则等。
这些原则使我明白了翻译不只是将原文照搬过来，而是要准确传达原文的意思和风格。
同时，译者还要考虑到文化差异和读者的接受能力，在翻译过程中进行适当的调整。
通过学习这些原则，并在实践中不断提高，我逐渐掌握了一些基本的翻译技巧。
其次，参与翻译实践是我最大的收获之一。
翻译实践使我直接面对实际的翻译问题和挑战，并不断提升我的翻译能力和解决问题的能力。
在实践中，我遇到了许多困难，例如如何准确理解原文的意思、如何选择合适的词语和表达方式等等。
但正是通过面对这些困难，我才不断成长和突破。
在老师的指导下，我学会了如何查找和使用词典、如何进行对比和选择等技巧。
这些技巧和经验将对我今后的翻译实践非常有帮助。
此外，阅读相关文献也是我在这学期里的重要任务之一。
通过阅读文献，我了解到了许多翻译界的前沿研究和理论，并从中获得了新的启发和思考。
例如，我阅读了一些关于语言对等性和文化转换的文章，了解到了不同语言和文化之间的差异和相似之处。
这些理论和观点对我的翻译实践提供了新的视角和思路，让我能够更加准确地把握原文的意思。
总结本学期的学习经验，我认为最重要的就是实践。
纸上得来终觉浅，通过实际的翻译实践，才能真正领悟翻译的艺术和技巧。
此外，不断学习和提高自己也是至关重要的。
翻译领域是一个不断更新和发展的领域，只有通过不断学习和积累，才能不被时代和潮流所抛弃。
因此，我会继续努力学习，提高自己的翻译水平。
英语专业翻译论文范文
英语专业翻译论文范文The advent of machine translation (MT) has been a significant development in the field of linguistics and technology. Ithas transformed the way translations are conducted, offeringa more efficient and cost-effective solution to thetraditional human translation process. This paper aims to explore the impact of machine translation on the translation industry, examining both its benefits and challenges.Firstly, the paper discusses the technological advancementsin machine translation, highlighting the improvements in artificial intelligence and natural language processing that have led to more accurate and contextually relevant translations. It explains how neural machine translation (NMT) has surpassed earlier statistical models, providingtranslations that are closer to human quality.The second section delves into the benefits of machine translation for the industry. It outlines how MT has democratized access to multilingual content, allowing businesses to reach a global audience without incurring the high costs associated with professional translation services. Additionally, the paper discusses the time-saving aspect of MT, enabling rapid translation of large volumes of text.However, the paper also acknowledges the challenges posed by machine translation. It addresses concerns about the qualityof translations, particularly in the context of nuancedlanguage and idiomatic expressions, where MT often falls short. The potential for errors in critical documents, such as legal or medical texts, is also discussed, emphasizing the need for human oversight.Moreover, the paper examines the impact of MT on professional translators. It considers the fear of job displacement and the need for translators to adapt to the changing landscape by developing new skills, such as post-editing machine translations to ensure accuracy and fluency.In conclusion, the paper posits that while machinetranslation has revolutionized the translation industry, itis not a panacea. It suggests that a hybrid approach, combining the speed and efficiency of MT with the nuanced understanding of human translators, is the way forward. This approach can harness the best of both worlds, offering high-quality translations that meet the demands of today's interconnected world.References are provided to support the arguments presented in the paper, ensuring a well-researched and credible discussion on the topic. The paper concludes with a call to action for stakeholders in the translation industry to embrace the technological advancements while also nurturing the human element that is indispensable in the art of translation.。
大四文学翻译评析期末考试作业 文档
2) 什么是文化翻译？有哪些层次？文化翻译即是翻译中要把不同的文化意识译出来，分析译作和原作之间产生的差异的社会文化因素。
指在文化研究的大背景下来考察翻译，即对各名族间的文化及语言的“表层”与“深层”结构的共性与个性进行研究，探讨文化与翻译的内在联系与客观规律。
层次可分为宏观的文化选择、中观的文化变译和微观的文化全译三个层次。
宏观层次包括文化选择，文化输入，文化输出；中观层次包括文化变异，文化变异策略；微观层次包括文化全译，文化全译策略，文化全译模式。
例如：.1.Two boys ganged up Tom in the schoolyard and made him （say uncle）.在这里在校园里两个男孩一同攻击汤姆，并让他认输say uncle 就不能说是“喊叔叔”。
2. When John's classmate saw John,he laughed at John and said,“You (fly) is undone!”Jonh's face turned red at once and made it quickly.当约翰的朋友看到约翰时，他大笑起来并对约翰说，你的裤子拉链没拉上，约翰立刻脸红了起来，并迅速拉上拉链。
3) 如何解决翻译中的跨文化现象？翻译不仅是语言的转换, 更是两种不同文化的交流与沟通。
主要有以下文化差异给翻译带来了困难：一、历史文化差异，历史文化差异的一个重要内容体现为历史典故,二、宗教文化差异，宗教文化是人类文化的一个重要组成部分,表现为不同民族在崇尚、禁忌等方面的文化差异。
三、地域文化差异，地域文化指由于所处的地域、自然条件和地理环境不同而形成的差异,四、饮食文化差异等。
饮食是民族文化中最具稳定性和民族性的部分,不同历史过程中所形成的不同民族意识, 跨文化现象是个极其复杂的问题, 它同翻译等值的关系极为密切, 除了要通晓两种语言之外, 还必须谙熟两种文化。
翻译期末论文
contextual analysis and understanding of the meaning
只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主 动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。 （专八） Only when they are both interested in their talk and desire to continue their friendship, will they exchange their visiting cards. It will seem somewhat improper to present one’s visiting card before any real conversation gets under way.
According to determine the meaning of the original language context
Meaning and contexts closely
“每一个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新 词”（Each word when used in a new context is a new word）“没有语境，词就没有意义。” 正因为词义对语境有很强的依赖性，语境在 翻译中的重要地位毋庸置疑。“在所有的翻 译过程中，语境都是凌驾于一切的因素，而 且优先于任何的规则、理论或是基本意义。
Collocation
搭配指的是语言系统内各个语言成分的同 现和组合，是语言语境的重要部分。根据词 语的搭配关系确定词义是在翻译的理论阶段 辨析词义时经常采用的手段。“You shall keep a word by the company it keeps.”他说的 company指的就是与某一词语同现的搭配词语。
翻译概论期末考查小论文选题
翻译概论期末考查小论文说明：可以选择以下4个选题中的任一个，也可以自己另选有关翻译理论方面的话题。
1. 翻译原则：选择一位翻译名家的翻译原则，阐述其内涵，并结合当下的翻译市场要求说明该原则的指导性意义和时代局限性。
（如“信、达、雅”、“化境”、或国外的Alexander Tytler的翻译三原则、Newmark的交际翻译与语义翻译，Nida的功能对等等等，具体不限）2. 翻译过程：对翻译过程中的诸多因素进行列举和分析，并从译者的角度来判断哪些因素应该是译者着重考虑的对象并如何对其翻译策略产生相应的影响。
3. 翻译的目的：结合中国历史上的几次翻译高潮，阐述社会形势与翻译市场变化和翻译目的的联系。
4. 翻译的归化与异化：结合目前全球文化交流的趋势，分析归化异化策略对跨语言跨文化交流的利弊，并指明中国文化如何通过翻译的途径实现较为强势的输出。
例1,真是天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福(红楼梦第六回)。
“Truly,…Storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight,‟……”(杨宪益)“I know …the weather and human life are both unpredictable‟.”(Hawkes)例2,万两黄金容易得,知心一个也难求.(红楼梦第五十七回)Ten thousand tales of gold are easier come by than an understanding heart.(杨宪益)Easier a golden hoard to win than find one understanding heart.(Hawkes)作为译者,杨宪益的目的是想尽可能多地把中国文化介绍给英美读者,是以想多了解中国文化的英美读者为对象的,因而基本上遵循了以源语文化为归宿的原则,即采用了异化的方法;霍克斯的翻译目的非常明显,是为了取悦译文读者,是为一般的英美读者翻译的,因此他遵循了以目的语文化为归宿的原则,即采用了归化的方法。
翻译概论 期末论文
如何在多元文化语境下认识翻译与研究翻译当今，世界经济快速发展，世界化进程不断加速，面对经济一体化的强势势头，“维护文化多样性”的问题被更加严峻地提了出来。
而在多元文化语境下，翻译对不同文化间的相互了解、互为尊重、互为补充的重要作用显而易见，本文主要探讨在当今时代，翻译所应具有的精神和所肩负的使命；同时也将对如何进一步深化翻译研究进行讨论。
一、国内外翻译发展现状1、翻译发展过程中的两次转向在翻译研究的历程中，主要先后经历了“语言学转向”和“文学转向”。
这两次转向为我们全面理解翻译、认识翻译提供了新的视角与可能性。
同时，这两次转向也为我们更为深刻地理解“语言”与“文化”这两个概念、从而更好地把握这两者之间的关系提供了全新的角度。
这两次转向让我们更加清晰地认识到预言师文化的重要组成部分，语言是文化的载体，语言并不是一种操作性的被动工具，而是具有能动的创造作用。
正是在这个意义上，我们把语言的多样性和文化的多样性是作为人类共同的遗产。
2、国内翻译研究发展中的几种倾向回顾中国三十多年的翻译研究发展史，主要存在着几种引人深思的翻译倾向：1）重技轻道这一倾向主要体现在两方面：一是从翻译研究问世的成果来看，对翻译技巧的探讨占很大比重，而对翻译的形而上的研究则很少。
二是表现在翻译研究的观念层面上。
由于对翻译技巧的重视，导致了翻译研究的实用主义态度，这样局限了翻译理论的范围，把理论的功能简单化了。
2）重语言轻文化这一现象特别表现在20世纪的70年代后期和80年代，原因有多方面。
就翻译的具体操作层面上，语言转化是翻译活动最直接的一种行为。
长期以来把翻译活动当作纯粹语言转化活动的简单主义翻译观对人们的翻译研究有着观念上的影响，在研究中重视语言层面的转化成了一种必然。
这一倾向还与我们在借鉴西方翻译过程中所受的影响直接相关。
3）重微观轻宏观这一倾向突出地表现在两个研究领域：翻译研究史领域记忆翻译批评领域。
这种“见树不见林”的研究方法遮蔽了人们对翻译的文化特质的认识。
翻译英语毕业论文范文3篇
翻译英语毕业论⽂范⽂3篇英语毕业论⽂:论功能翻译理论摘要：中国传统翻译理论只有宏观的论述，缺乏⽅法论，操作性不强。
本⽂简述了功能翻译理论，详细地探讨了该理论的理论基础，并⽤关联理论予以论证，丰富了它的内容。
关键词：功能翻译理论；基础理论；阐释Abstract:Chinesetraditionaltranslationtheoryconsistsonlyoftranslationprincipleswithoutconcretemethodologyanditcannotbeappliedtopracticaltranslating.Thispapergivesabriefaccounttofunctionaltranslationtheory,prob Keywords:functionaltranslationtheory;basictheory;exposition功能翻译理论强调，翻译是⼀种特殊的交际形式，涉及三种⽂本：原语⽂本、译者的图式⽂本和译语⽂本。
对于原语⽂本，最重要的是抓住作者的修辞功能正确理解原语的修辞功能，是产⽣理想的图式⽂本的关键。
⽽正确把握原⽂的认知图式⼜是正确理解原⽂修辞功能的基础。
理想的图式⽂本来⾃原⽂的认知图式，来⾃对原⽂作者的修辞意图的准确把握。
在这个图式⽂本的基础上，产⽣怎样的译语⽂本，除了修辞功能等值之外，还应该考虑翻译的⽬的和读者对象。
⼀、功能翻译理论简述（⼀）、功能翻译理论的要点根据杂志上发表的论⽂、学术会议上宣读的论⽂、学术报告和出版的专著，功能翻译理论的要点简述如下：1、分析概念段（conceptualparagraph，具有明确主题意义⼀个或多个⾃然段）和句⼦的修辞功能，使修辞功能的形式重现，从形式的等同中求得功能的等值，意义的等值，这种翻译叫做功能翻译。
翻译应该是在修辞功能等值的前提下，遵守“信、达、X”规范；⽂体不同，翻译的⽬的不⼀样，X不⼀样。
翻译作业二：论文摘要翻译
翻译作业二：论文摘要翻译研究收入分配问题要分清两个层次【摘要】马克思主义经典作家认为,分配是生产的一个环节，分配关系决定于生产关系。
在一定社会形态中，占统治地位的生产关系所决定的经济制度包括两个方面，即基本经济制度和经济体制；由此决定了收入分配的两个层次：一是由基本经济制度所决定的分配方式；二是分配方式在不同经济体制下的具体实现形式和具体操作。
学术界在收入分配问题上所存在的许多错误观点，就是因为混淆了这两个层次造成的。
Study of two l evels in income distribution【Abstract】Classical Marxist writers believe that distribution is a link in production, and its relations are decided by the production relations. The economic system, decided by dominant production relations in a certain social form, includes two aspects, namely, the basic economic system and economic structure. Furthermore, the income distribution has two levels, which is the mode of distribution decided by the basic economic system and concrete realizations and specific operations distribution in various economic systems. There are many erroneous remarks on the income distribution in academia because of the confusion of these two levels.。
期末论文：翻译理论与实践论文
研究生课程论文学年学期：2011-2012学年第一学期论文题目：隐喻及隐喻的英汉翻译课程：《翻译理论与实践》任课教师：姓名：班级：翻译硕士英语笔译学号：Discussion on Metaphor and Related English-Chinese Translation Abstract: According to the translation theory of Newmark, an English translator, metaphor can be divided into five types-“dead”, “cliché”, “stock”, “recent” and “origina1”, which will be subject to the analysis in this text in terms of their features. Meanwhile, on the basis of the translation theories learned, there are many kinds of methods for translation of metaphor. And this text also deals with the following approaches to translation of metaphor-literal translation, free translation, domestication and alienation. In addition, metaphor also serves as a way of thinking of people in western world and there are some traps in the translation of metaphor. So, it is not an easy task to carry out the translation of metaphor properly.Key words: metaphor; literal translation; free translation; domestication; alienation; trap1. PrefaceMetaphor is a common kind of rhetorical device in English. To bring the metaphor into the translation study can facilitate our interpretation of the original text and achieve the balance of various manners of recognition of the world and ourselves between two different kinds of languages and cultures so as to draw on others’ merits widely.2. Classification of MetaphorIn his work Approaches to Translation, Newmark divides metaphor into five types, namely “dead”, “cliché”, “stock”, “recent” and “origina1”.(1) DeadThe “dead” metaphor means the metaphor related with the ordinary words describing time, space, human body, natural environment and human activities with the vehicle almost not realized by people. In English, words like “space, field, top, bottom, arm, circle, drop, fall, rise” usually carry meanings of metaphor in order to ensure the explicit and clear expression of concepts and ideas. For instance, in the field of human knowledge, at the bottom of the mountain, the rise and fall off the Roman Empire, etc.(2) Cliché“Cliché” refers to many common metaphor methods that have lost their former influence. For example, one says the first one comparing woman as flower can be called genius and the second on who uses such comparison is called also-ran. This type of metaphor, cliché-some though, has its application value. For instance, “So, let us in the next five years, start a newLong March together, not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goa1”.(3) Stock“Stock” refers to a kind of metaphor that has long been accepted, which has become an inherent part of language and will not lose its influence as a result of overuse. And the cultural metaphor represents an important part of the stock metaphor. For instance, “Judas’kiss (metaphor for insidious deeds –honey words and dastardly heart)” and “cat’s paw (metaphor for person serving as tool for others)”.(4) Recent“Recent” means the new terms that emerge recently. For instance, Levinski (metaphor for illicit love), Water gate scandal (metaphor for political scandal) and “9·I1”(metaphor for terrorist incidents)etc.(5) Original“Original” means a kind of metaphor used first by the writer. This kind of metaphor is not always available but product of writers’ inspiration.比如有些”坐冷板凳”的词,在作者的笔下却闪烁出灵感的光芒,这就是独创隐喻的魅力所在.Therefore, whenever you come across a sentence with correct grammatical structure but without any meaning, you must check the factors leading to the superficial meaninglessness carefully to explore the probable meaning of metaphor.3. Discussion on Translation Methods of MetaphorIn discussing the translation of metaphor, Newmark has raised seven methods:(1) Reproducing the same image in the TL); (2) Replace the image in the SL with a standard TL image; (3)The translation of metaphor by simile; (4) Translation of metaphor (or simile) by simile plus sense; (5) Conversion of metaphor to sense; (6) Deletion; (7) Same metaphor combined with sense. With reference to other methods and combining the conclusion of some of the above methods, this text will discuss the following four methods.(1) Literal TranslationLiteral translation is applicable to the metaphor with complete English-Chinese equivalence. It can retain the ethnic and cultural features of the metaphor in the original text and helpreaders using the target language have more understanding of the cultural characteristics of the original language. As a matter of fact, many cases of metaphor in English have been absorbed by the Chinese language. For example, “crocodile’s tears”, “Pandora’S box”, and “cold war”, etc. And literal translation should be adopted for some idioms consisting of metaphor and with completely equivalent meanings. For instance, “castle in the air”, “walls have ears”, and “to add oil to the flames”, etc. Besides, for some sentences containing metaphor, this method can also be used. For example, “Time is money” and “The world is a stage” etc.(2) Free TranslationFree translation, a concept opposite to literal translation, generally refers to that remove the form and reserve the content of the original text, which allows translators’ originality to some degree but with the basic information of the original text retained.Eg1. His theory has thousands of little rooms and long, windy corridors.Translation: 他的理论有过多的组成部分, 而且各部分间的关系也过于错综复杂.Eg Because of his one man style of operation, Henry Kissinger had become a kind of bottleneck in his own National Security Council system.Translation:由于亨利·基辛格惯于独断专行, 他已经成了国家安全事务委员会工作中的一块绊脚石.(3) Domestication TranslationThe domestication translation is targeted at the proper conformity of the translated text with the linguistic and cultural norms of the target language to properly satisfy the readers’ need for more localization.Eg2. They were only crying crocodile tears at the old man’s funeral because nobody had really liked man.Translation 1: 在老头的葬礼上, 他们只不过假惺惺的哭了几声, 因为在老人生前, 没人真的喜欢他.Translation 2: 在老头的葬礼上, 他们只不过挤了几滴鳄鱼的眼泪, 因为在老人生前, 没人真的喜欢他.Eg3. Many Canadians have never read a news paper though some newspapers are free, because they do not know their ABC.Translation 1: 尽管有的报纸免费, 许多加拿大人从不看报, 因为他们目不识丁. Translation 2: 尽管有的报纸免费, 许多加拿大人从不看报, 因为他们不懂自己的ABC.Domestication method is applied to Translation 1 for Eg 2, which provides all convenient conditions for readers. So, on the basis of the standard “it does not look the translation when read”, it can be rated as better translation.However, from the perspective of cultural exchange, it is obvious that Translation 2 has better effect. The reason is: although the term “crocodile tears” is borrowed, its meaning has been known for Chinese readers, and not only can literal translation be accepted by Chinese readers, but it can reflect the national features of the original text properly, which can also be reproduced. Additionally, the substitution of the expression means of the target language for that of the original language, though conveying related meanings, cannot reflect the way of thinking of the user of the original text and help readers have a comprehensive and thorough understanding of their culture to achieve the goal of translation in real terms. Nevertheless, despite the equivalence conversion of Translation 2 for Eg3, it has failed to achieve its communication goal.(4) Alienation Translation异化翻译策略是以源语文化为归宿而进行的语际间篇章意义的相互转换.近年来, 在翻译界主张重视异化翻译的学者日益增多.从文化交流的角度看, 它是尊重各国文化的内在要求, 有助于在平等的基础上真实地反映外国文化.随着文化交流的不断深入, 异化翻译逐渐显示出其特有的魅力.隐喻的异化翻译策略可以分为两种情形:a. Direct AlienationThe meaning of some vases of metaphor can be reflected clearly through the context. So the direct alienation method can be adopted without the necessity to explore the corresponding expression in the translation painstakingly.Eg4.Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated.Translation: 希特勒在发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的, 可是不到几年, 就被彻底打败了.Eg5.Some personnel executives complained that many college graduates they had interviewed here had two star abilities with five2star ambitions.Translation: 一些人事经理抱怨, 在他们面试过的大学毕业生中, 不少人本事只有”二星级”, 心气儿倒有”五星级”.b. Alienation ExplanationThere are limited cases where the direct alienation method can be used in the translation of metaphor. On many occasions, brief elaboration must be made on the cultural information or cultural context contained in the text, only in which way can the goal of communication be attained.Eg6.The Warren Report has left many ques2tions unanswered.Translation: 沃伦报告(指美国肯尼迪总统被谋杀事件的调查报告) 留下许多未解之迷. Eg7.The man who waters his grass after a heavy rain is carrying coals to Newcastle. Translation:大雨后给草地浇水是多此一举.(注: 纽卡斯尔是英国的一个产煤中心.)Eg8.He was in the seventh heaven last night.Translation: 昨晚他欣喜若狂.(in the seventh heaven: ( not formal) in a state of great happiness or contentment, 意思是: 人能和上帝同居最高层,自然是非常愉快的.) Domestication and alienation are two kinds of translation strategies applied by the translator targeted at the differences in the two languages and corresponding cultures according to varied aspects such as aim of translation, type of text, intention of writers and readers of the target language to facilitate the guidance of the selection and application of specific translation methods and techniques. The two methods, sometimes, should be selected with reference to the regulations of the social culture as well as political and ideological aspects. Whichever strategy is used, it is required to focus on the need of readers and the society.Eg9. The students had been trained to compete continually against each other, so that the lesson turned into a kind of noisy grey dog race.Translation 1: 学生们练就了持续相互竞争的本事,所以这堂课变成了一场嘈杂的拍卖会场.Translation 2: 学生们练就了持续相互竞争的本事,所以这堂课变成了一场嘈杂的灰狗比赛.In the above sentence, the term “grey hound race” created in the original language-English, is analogous to the scene of disorder and chaos in class like the scene of grey dog race. Anddomestication and alienation methods are used respectively in the two sentences. But it is quite difficult for Chinese readers to understand the alienation method for translation of metaphor due to lack of grey dog race in Chinese culture. By contrast, the Chinese readers can understand the scene of the auction, which can help readers catch the connotation of this metaphor. It follows that domestication and alienation cannot only be reflected on the level of language, but also in processing the cultural factors.4. Way of Thinking in Metaphor and Traps in TranslationMetaphor is not only a type of rhetorical device but also represents a way of thinking. In other words, metaphor exists in languages and people’s thinking and behavior as well as all aspects of our daily life. And from some expressions of basic concepts of people in western countries, we can further understand that metaphor serves as their way of thinking. Way of thinking related with love: Love is a physical force; love is war.与时间有关的思维:Time is money; time is life. Besides, as a matter of fact, many proverbs in English contain the way of thinking featured by metaphor. For instance: Time and tide wait for no man(时光和潮流不等人). This is a proverb encouraging people to value time, in which the translation has failed to reflect the metaphor contained. And in this proverb, “and” does not only serve as a parallelism structure linking “time” and “tide”, but constitutes a kind of metaphor, 即将time比作tide: tide (caused by the lunar gravity) waits for no man, so does time. Another example is: Truth and roses have thorns about them(真理和玫瑰一样,都带刺); Kings and bears worry their keeper(伴君如伴虎).Only through understanding and precise translation of the metaphor implicated in these proverbs can we get hang of the way of thinking of people in western world in a more impressive and thorough way. On the other hand, some cases of metaphor seem in harmony but actually at variance. That’s what is called “trap” according to Newmark’s theory. For instance, here are some idioms containing metaphor: To heat about the bush≠打草惊蛇(而是to talk about something without coming to the point”旁敲侧击”); to lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen≠亡羊补牢(而是to take precautions too late to be effective”于事无补”); the last straw≠救命稻草(actually, “the last straw” originates from the English proverb “the last straw that breaks the camel’s back”“致命一击”). Thus, intranslating these idioms with traps of metaphor, one should avoid having superficial understanding and catching the meaning of words literally from the context, otherwise, it will lead to a miss as good as a mile.5. ConclusionIn discussing the metaphor and its translation, we do not only take metaphor as a kind of rhetorical device but also a way of thinking and a way of recognizing the objective world. And as a way of recognition, metaphor is featured with clear national characteristics as well as rich cultural connotations. Therefore, we should take flexible translation methods according to the features of texts, different contexts as well as readers’ acceptability. And generally, when involving metaphor, translation should be focused on the vehicle of the original text with the meaning of metaphor reproduces to achieve the unity of form and spirit.Reference【1】Newmark,P．A Textbook of Translation IM]．上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001．【2】Newmark,P．Approaches to Translation【M】．上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001．【3】胡曙中．英汉修辞比较研究fM1．上海:上海外语教育出版社,1993．【4】毛荣贵．新世纪大学英汉翻译教程fM1．上海:上海交通大学出版社,2002．。
2023年大学英语翻译理论与实践期末结课论文
2023年大学英语翻译理论与实践期末结课论文在当代全球化背景下，翻译作为跨文化交流的桥梁，发挥着重要的作用。
本文旨在探讨2023年大学英语翻译理论与实践课程的学习经验和收获，并对未来的翻译实践提出展望。
一、翻译理论学习在课程学习的过程中，我们系统地学习了翻译理论。
首先，我们了解了翻译的基本概念和原则，熟悉了翻译的各种策略和技巧。
其次，我们学习了不同类型的翻译，如文学翻译、科技翻译和商务翻译。
通过分析这些翻译类型的特点和要求，我们学会了如何根据不同的文本类型采取不同的翻译方法。
此外，我们还学习了翻译中的文化因素和语言因素对翻译结果的影响，提高了我们的跨文化沟通能力。
二、翻译实践训练翻译实践是我们学习过程中的重要组成部分。
通过大量的实践训练，我们能够将所学的理论知识应用到实际翻译中。
我们进行了大量的翻译练习，包括从英文翻译成中文和从中文翻译成英文。
这些练习覆盖了不同领域的文本，使我们能够熟悉不同领域的专业术语和语言风格。
同时，我们还进行了实时口译和笔译的模拟练习，提高了我们的口译和笔译能力。
通过反复的实践，我们逐渐掌握了翻译技巧和方法，提高了翻译的准确性和流畅性。
三、翻译项目实践除了在课堂上的学习和训练，我们还参与了各种翻译项目的实践。
这些项目涉及了不同领域的翻译，如新闻报道、技术手册和商务文件等。
通过参与这些项目，我们有机会接触真实的翻译案例，了解了翻译行业的需求和要求。
在实践中，我们不仅要将所学的理论知识应用到实际场景中，还要面对各种实际问题和挑战。
这些实践项目提高了我们的实际操作能力和解决问题的能力，为我们将来从事翻译工作打下了坚实的基础。
四、未来展望通过学习和实践，我们对翻译行业有了更深刻的认识，并积累了宝贵的经验。
未来，我们希望能够在翻译领域发挥更大的作用。
首先，我们将不断提高自己的语言能力和翻译技巧，丰富自己的专业知识，不断适应和学习行业的发展。
其次，我们将积极拓展自己的翻译项目，争取参与更多领域的翻译工作，提高自己的专业素养和实践能力。
翻译与评析毕业论文
翻译与评析毕业论文长期以来，翻译的宗旨是忠实地再现作者在原文中表达的意图。
传统语言观认为，语言不仅是一种表达工具，而且也是存在的组成部分，是人类的生存方式，具有精神创造性和隐晦性等特质，语言的意义发生在使用的过程中，具有动态性、规则性和开放性。
翻译作为一种语言活动，在实际操作中，往往会撼动传统的翻译观与译文忠实原则，扭转了翻译的忠实再现身份，而是将其转变为一个意义的再生过程，在这个独特的过程中，旧有意义被理解阐释与传递，新的意义被赋予创造。
探讨《哪吒之魔童降世》电影中文化信息的翻译当今中国已经进入发展的新时代，综合国力和国际地位不容小觑，世界各国也越来越关注中国的发展进程，不仅关注中国硬实力的腾飞，也希望对中国历史和中国文化有更加深入的了解，而中国也希望对外传播本国文化，让中国优良文化顺利走向世界。
影视作品是最贴近人民生活的传播媒介，自然体现出其在文化交流过程中的独特优势，而字幕翻译则为影视作品的对外传播搭建起至关重要的桥梁。
2019年，电影《哪吒之魔童降世》在中国内地上映，这部影片讲述了哪吒为摆脱“生而为魔”的命运束缚而不懈努力斗争的成长励志故事，体现出哪吒越挫越勇，永不言弃的精神品格。
该片自上映以来广受赞誉，并代表中国内地参选2020年第92届奥斯卡最佳国际影片。
字幕翻译在国内影片对外传播过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，不仅要准确传达原作内容，还要考虑日的语国家观众的文化背景，最大程度减少文化传播过程中的障碍。
因此，本文从纽马克交际翻译理论视角出发，探析该理论在处理电影中文化信息的翻译问题方面所发挥的作用，以期为该领域进一步的翻译研究提供新思路。
一、纽马克交际翻译理论英国着名翻译家和翻译理论家彼得·纽马克在其着作《翻译问题探讨》一书中提出“语义翻译”和“交际翻译”的概念(Newmark,1981),摆脱了翻译界一直以来局限于直译和意译的问题，开拓了翻译研究的视野，对翻译研究和翻译实践有十分重要的指导意义。
英语翻译论文范文
英语翻译论文范文In the contemporary era, the role of technology in education is undeniably significant. The integration of digital tools and platforms has transformed the way educators teach and students learn. This paper aims to explore the multifaceted impact of technology on modern education, focusing on bothits advantages and challenges.Firstly, technology has democratized access to education. With the proliferation of online learning platforms, students from diverse backgrounds can access a wealth of educational resources. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have made it possible for individuals to learn from renowned professors without the constraints of geographical location or financial limitations.Secondly, the use of technology in classrooms has enhanced the interactive and collaborative nature of learning. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtualreality (VR) are some of the tools that have made learning more engaging and immersive. These tools not only cater to different learning styles but also promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills.However, the integration of technology in education is not without its drawbacks. One of the primary concerns is the digital divide, where unequal access to technology can exacerbate existing educational disparities. Additionally,there is a risk of students becoming overly reliant on technology, potentially neglecting the development of essential skills such as critical reading and analytical thinking.Furthermore, the rapid pace of technological advancement presents challenges for educators. It requires continuous professional development to stay abreast of new tools and pedagogical approaches. The balance between traditional teaching methods and technology-assisted learning must be carefully considered to ensure that the educational experience remains holistic and well-rounded.In conclusion, technology has undeniably reshaped the landscape of modern education. While it offers numerous opportunities for enhancing learning experiences, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed. The key lies in harnessing the power of technology to supplement, not supplant, the educational process, ensuring that it serves as a tool for empowering students to become lifelong learners.。
英语笔译期末总结范文初中
英语笔译期末总结范文初中During this semester, I have learned a lot about English translation. It has been an enriching experience for me as I have gained valuable knowledge and skills in various aspects of translation. In this summary, I will reflect on what I have learned and the progress I have made.Firstly, I have developed a better understanding of the principles and techniques of translation. Through studying different translation theories and methods, I have learned how to effectively transfer the meaning, style, and tone of the source text into the target language. I have also learned the importance of cultural adaptation in translation, considering the cultural differences and nuances between languages and ensuring that the target text is easily understandable and relatable for the target audience.Moreover, I have honed my skills in translating different types of texts, such as literary, scientific, and technical texts. Each text type requires a different approach and set of translation techniques. For literary texts, I have learned to focus on capturing the author's intended style, tone, and emotions, while for scientific and technical texts, accuracy and clarity are of utmost importance. I have also learned to use various resources, such as dictionaries, glossaries, and parallel texts, to aid in the translation process and ensure the quality of my work.Additionally, I have experienced the challenges and difficulties that arise in the translation process. One of the major challenges is dealing with idiomatic expressions and cultural references that do not have direct equivalents in the target language. In such cases, I have learned to use paraphrasing and find alternative ways to convey the meaning effectively. Another challenge is maintaining the same level of creativity and expression as the source text, especially in literary translations. It requires a deep understanding of both languages and the ability to find the most appropriate words and expressions to bring out the intended meaning.Furthermore, I have learned the importance of revision and proofreading in the translation process. Proofreading allows me to identify and correct any errors or inconsistencies in the translated text, ensuring its accuracy and fluency. It also gives me the opportunity to refine my work and improve its overall quality. I have gained valuable skills in self-editing and critiquing my own translations, as well as receiving feedback from peers and instructors. Overall, I am satisfied with the progress I have made in English translation this semester. I have gained a solid foundation in translation theory and practice, and I feel more confident in my ability to produce accurate and quality translations. However, I understand that there is still room for improvement and I will continue to refine my skills and strive for excellence in future translations.In conclusion, English translation has been a challenging yet rewarding journey for me this semester. I have learned valuable knowledge and skills in translation principles, techniques,and different text types. I have also experienced the challenges and difficulties that arise in the translation process and learned the importance of revision and proofreading. Overall, this course has provided me with a strong foundation in English translation and I look forward to applying these skills in my future translation endeavors.。
期末翻译作业与论文
段落翻译明天去哪里？可能继续北上。
再往北，可能历史遗迹就少了，可能主要是自然风光。
也不错。
看历史遗迹要恶补很多东西。
照理来这样的国家旅游，出发前要做很多功课，要阅读很多书。
可是太忙，只好临时恶补。
每天早晨4点起来看书。
有这样旅游的吗？想要多了解一些，只好这样。
英国的东西太多，可能不去爱尔兰了。
在一家旅馆，老板是苏格兰人，说去了爱尔兰觉得还不如呆在苏格兰。
可能有道理。
可是对岸就是爱尔兰。
要不也像英国人那样，走着走着走过去？再想想。
1、Where should I go tomorrow? Maybe I should continue to travel northward. Further north, there may be less historical sites, may be mainly natural scenery which could be pretty good as well. Extra tutoring about relevant knowledge when visiting historical remains is essential. Logically, before setting out to travel these nations, a large amount of work like reading many books would be of great significance. But I could do nothing but trying to take those lessons as temporary assignment for I was so busy. I got up at 4 o’clock and read book, whi ch was a total distinctive style of vocation. But I had to bear it as I wanted to know more about this. I was unlikely to visit Ireland for there were so many scenic spots in Britain waiting for me to explore.I made an acquaintance with the boss in a hotel, and he felt that it would be much better to stay in Scotland rather than going to Ireland. I thought it may make sense. But the fact was that Ireland was just on the opposite bank so that it occurred to me that why not wander to Ireland like a British gentleman? Let me think it over and over.翻译评论：原文中多用短句，可是逻辑十分严谨，非常符合英语的语言习惯，同时中文语言的使用习惯在文中也有很明显的使用痕迹。
英语笔译期末总结范文
As the semester comes to a close, I find myself reflecting on the journey I have undertaken in the field of English translation. This course has been both challenging and rewarding, and it has equipped me with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the complexities of translating from English to Chinese and vice versa.Challenges FacedFrom the outset, I was confronted with the intricacies of language that differ significantly between English and Chinese. The syntactic structures, idiomatic expressions, and cultural nuances presented unique challenges. For instance, the direct translation of a sentence often resulted in a loss of meaning or coherence, compelling me to delve deeper into the cultural context to find a more accurate translation.One of the most difficult aspects was mastering the art of conveying tone and emotion. In English, the tone can often be inferred from the choice of words or the sentence structure, but in Chinese, it is more subtle and requires a keen understanding of the language's connotations.Skills AcquiredDespite the challenges, the course has been instrumental in honing my translation skills. Here are some of the key skills I have acquired:1. Cultural Competence: I have gained a better understanding of the cultural differences that can affect translation. This has allowed me to produce translations that are not only accurate but also culturally appropriate.2. Translation Techniques: I have learned various translation techniques such as literal translation, free translation, and adaptation. These techniques have equipped me to handle a wide range of texts, from technical documents to creative writing.3. Editing and Proofreading: I have become more adept at editing and proofreading my translations to ensure clarity, coherence, and grammatical accuracy.4. Technology Proficiency: The course has introduced me to various translation tools and software, which have significantly improved my efficiency and accuracy.Key Projects and AssignmentsThroughout the semester, I have had the opportunity to work on a variety of projects and assignments that have tested my translation skills. Some of the notable ones include:1. Technical Translation: Translating a technical manual from English to Chinese required not only a deep understanding of the subject matter but also the ability to convey complex information in a clear and concise manner.2. Literary Translation: Translating a short story from English to Chinese was particularly rewarding as it allowed me to delve into the creative aspects of translation, such as finding the right equivalentfor idiomatic expressions and maintaining the story's tone.3. Simultaneous Interpretation: Participating in a simulated simultaneous interpretation session helped me understand the pressure and timing involved in this form of translation.Reflections and Future GoalsLooking back on the semester, I am proud of the progress I have made. However, I am also aware that there is much to learn. In the future, I aim to:1. Expand My Knowledge: Continue to learn about different cultures and their linguistic nuances to enhance my translations.2. Practice More: Gain more experience by translating a wider variety of texts and working on real-world projects.3. Seek Feedback: Regularly seek feedback from peers and professionals to improve my translation skills.In conclusion, this semester in English translation has been a transformative experience. It has not only improved my language skillsbut also my ability to think critically and creatively. I am eager to apply what I have learned in future endeavors and to continue growing as a translator.。
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段落翻译明天去哪里？可能继续北上。
再往北，可能历史遗迹就少了，可能主要是自然风光。
也不错。
看历史遗迹要恶补很多东西。
照理来这样的国家旅游，出发前要做很多功课，要阅读很多书。
可是太忙，只好临时恶补。
每天早晨4点起来看书。
有这样旅游的吗？想要多了解一些，只好这样。
英国的东西太多，可能不去爱尔兰了。
在一家旅馆，老板是苏格兰人，说去了爱尔兰觉得还不如呆在苏格兰。
可能有道理。
可是对岸就是爱尔兰。
要不也像英国人那样，走着走着走过去？再想想。
1、Where should I go tomorrow? Maybe I should continue to travel northward. Further north, there may be less historical sites, may be mainly natural scenery which could be pretty good as well. Extra tutoring about relevant knowledge when visiting historical remains is essential. Logically, before setting out to travel these nations, a large amount of work like reading many books would be of great significance. But I could do nothing but trying to take those lessons as temporary assignment for I was so busy. I got up at 4 o’clock and read book, whi ch was a total distinctive style of vocation. But I had to bear it as I wanted to know more about this. I was unlikely to visit Ireland for there were so many scenic spots in Britain waiting for me to explore.I made an acquaintance with the boss in a hotel, and he felt that it would be much better to stay in Scotland rather than going to Ireland. I thought it may make sense. But the fact was that Ireland was just on the opposite bank so that it occurred to me that why not wander to Ireland like a British gentleman? Let me think it over and over.翻译评论：原文中多用短句，可是逻辑十分严谨，非常符合英语的语言习惯，同时中文语言的使用习惯在文中也有很明显的使用痕迹。
翻译时可以采用包括合句译法，以及意译法分翻译方法在内的进行翻译。
英国东西太多，这一句中东西一词，万万不可直接翻译为物品类的词汇，要透彻理解作者表达的意思，英国吸引我的名胜与各种大小景致让人眼花缭乱，已经顾不得别的地方了。
可能有道理。
可是对岸就是爱尔兰。
要不也像英国人那样，走着走着走过去？再想想。
这几句是作者心里活动的变化过程，我们可以利用可是这一连接词，同时，要不走过去这一想法可以说是作者脑海灵光一现，所以使前后句更加贴切自然。
2、今天来到Bronte三姐妹的故乡以及中世纪古镇约克郡。
英国的秋天非常美丽。
树叶都变成黄、红、紫，再加上绿色的原野，非常漂亮。
没有来到英国的乡村，真不知道什么叫田园风光。
只以为有炊烟，有牧童，就是田园。
其实差多了。
这种景色在春天或夏天看不到。
附上3张Bronte故乡和2张约克郡的精美教堂。
你真应该出来走走、看看。
I visited the hometown of three sisters of Bronte family today. It was so gorgeous here in autumn; colors of leaves have changed into yellow, red and purple, and green of campaign in addition, and the natural scenery was of great beauty. You could not realize what on earth the idyllic scenery is until you come to visit British countryside. Before I visited this wonderful place, all my imagination about idyllic scenery was just smoke spiraling from kitchens, shepherd boy，or countryside. But it was also far from the truth. It is a pity that this view would exist in spring and Summer time. Here were three photos shoot in Bronte’s homeland and two photos of beautiful churches in York prefecture. In my opinion, it is very meaningful to you to go outside and explore every corner around this world.翻译评论：在本段文字中，作者进行了文字的对话，从自然景色，人文景色，一直到自己的内心世界，语言充满真情实感而又简单易懂。
英国的秋天非常美丽。
树叶都变成黄、红、紫，再加上绿色的原野，非常漂亮。
这句话重复了漂亮一词，突出了作者心中对英国秋季田园风光美丽景色的由衷赞叹，在翻译时，我们比需要注意常用词的避免重复。
没有来到英国的乡村，真不知道什么叫田园风光.这一句话可用换序译法，利用until的倒装句，强调英国田园风光的魅力。
3、昨天去了Winchester，一个富有诗意的小镇。
一条小河绕城而过。
这里还是秋天，河边的树叶变成黄色和红色的，非常好看。
城中一条石板路，穿城而过，很有中世纪的味道。
街道两边的商店还是经营传统的产品，如咖啡、甜点、面包、各色各样的工艺品。
Jane Austin人生的最后日子就是在这里度过的，最后也埋葬在这里。
现在的墓就在教堂里边。
西方国家的教堂很有意思，一些皇室人员、教皇和名人就埋葬的教堂里边。
人们去做礼拜或参观教会，都会从他们的墓上走过。
见多了也就习惯了，没有恐怖或不尊敬的感觉。
Yesterday I visited Winchester, which was really a kind of poetic town where a river flows across the small town. It is still autumn here, but leaves along the river bank have changed their colors, into yellow or red. How gorgeous it was! There was a stone road of Middle-century style crossing the whole city, and traditional goods like coffee, desert, bread, and a variety of handiworks are sold in the stores on each side of the streets. Besides, this place witnessed the final life time of Jane Austen, and her cemetery is just in the church here. It is really an interesting phenomenon that western churches are usually utilized as the burial ground in terms of royal families, pope and celebrates. When doing religious service or visiting the church, people would traverse those graveyard, which has been a usual practice without the feeling of fear or disrespect.翻译评论：纵观全文，我们不难发现，此段采用总分的结构形式，第一句的小河，统领全段，然后随着作者的移动，有条理的为读者介绍了该小镇的自然与人文风光。
在翻译时，我们可以采用换序译法，合句译法等多种翻译方法。
城中一条石板路，穿城而过，很有中世纪的味道。
街道两边的商店还是经营传统的产品，如咖啡、甜点、面包、各色各样的工艺品。
很有中世纪的味道是形容路的风格很别致，我们在翻译时可以用of 介词将其穿插进一个完整的句子，同时，可以采用换序译法。
现在的墓就在教堂里边。
这里出现了中英两个语言在使用上面的差异，中文中我们可以将最后的直接与度过搭配在一起，可是在翻译时，我们要注意英文的使用规则英汉文化差异下的翻译研究与实践引言：关于英汉文化差异对翻译的影响的研究，中国许多学者和专家分外重视，特别是在英语已逐渐成为国际通用语言，中国的社会发展欲与国际接轨的大背景下，这方面的研究文章十分丰富。
本文在分析众多相关的研究资料的基础上，从精神文化差异（价值观、历史宗教、社会风俗、审美取向、思维方式）和物质文化差异（地理文化、生产方式文化）两个大的方面，以词汇作为基础来讨论英汉文化差异对翻译的影响。
关键词: 英汉翻译汉英翻译文化差异文化，一个永远的话题，也是在英汉翻译中必须考虑的问题。