James Joyce&Virginia Woolf
James Joyce
The life and experience
• 1907 Published his first book, Chamber Music, a collection of 36 poems. • 1907出版了他的第一本书，《室内乐》，收集了36首诗。 • 1914 Published Dubliners , a collection of 15 short stories that starts his lifelong preoccupation with Dublin life. Araby is one of the 15 stories. • 1914出版的《都柏林人》，收集了15个短篇故事，开始 了他的终身全神贯注都柏林生活。《阿拉比》就是其中15 个故事之一。 • 1916 Published A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, a semiautobiographical work which makes use of the stream-of-consciousness narrative style.
生于并成长在爱尔兰，他成 年的大部分时期是在欧洲度 过，尤其是法国，意大利和 瑞士。
Joyce at age six, 1888
Bust of James Joyce in St. Stephen's Green, Dublin
Statue of James Joyce on North Earl Street, Dublin.
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man《青年艺术家的画像》
• A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is a nearly complete rewrite of the abandoned novel Stephen Hero 斯蒂芬.迪达勒斯. Joyce attempted to burn the original manuscript in a fit of rage during an argument with Nora, though to his subsequent relief it was rescued by his sister. A Künstlerroman, Portrait is a heavily autobiographical coming-of-age novel depicting the childhood and adolescence of protagonist Stephen Dedalus and his gradual growth into artistic selfconsciousness. Some hints of the techniques Joyce frequently employed in later works, such as stream of consciousness, interior monologue, and references to a character‘s psychic reality rather than to his external surroundings, are evident throughout this novel如意识流、 内心独白、和引用的人物的心理现实,而不是他的外部环 境, 在这本小说体现 .
James Joyces A Little Cloud
《一朵浮云》
by James Joyce
1. About the author
He was an Irish novelist and poet
1882
born in Dublin
1888
6 boarding school
1893-97 Belvedere College
At age 6, 1888
Bust of James Joyce in Dublin
His literary passions included such world masters as Dante, Flaubert （ 福 楼 拜 ） , Ibsen （易卜生）, and Tolstoy（托 尔斯泰）, and his first essay on Ibsen, published when he was a student at the University of Dublin, won the admiration of the aging Norwegian playwright himself.
杂志三月号上发表《告鱼书》一文，进一步反击。维吉尼亚 ·沃尔夫接到讣告，感慨系之（她于同年3月28日也自杀身 死）。
JAME 来的对民族对国家的热爱， 深深感动着爱尔兰人民。 而爱尔兰人是这么崇拜乔 伊斯的，甚至把《尤利西 斯》中描写主人公利奥波 德·布鲁姆一天全部活动的 六月十六日定为“布鲁姆 日”，该节日后来成为了 仅次于国庆日（三月十七 日圣巴特里克节）的大节 日
2.His Main Works
The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man《 一个青年艺术家的自画像》(1916) took 10
James-Joyce-Araby-主题情节人物及背景分析
"Araby"Backgrounds IntroductionIreland's major religion, Roman Catholicism, dominated Irish culture, as it continues to do today although to a lesser extent. Many families sent their children to schools run by Jesuit priests (like the one the narrator in attends) and convent schools run by nuns (like the one Mangan's sister attends). Catholicism is often seen as a source of the frequent conflict in Irish culture between sensuality and asceticism, a conflict that figures prominently in Joyce's autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man . In many ways, Catholicism, particularly as practiced at the turn of the century, was an extremely sensuous religion, emphasizing intense personal spiritual experience and surrounding itself with such rich trappings as beautiful churches, elegant paintings and statues, otherworldly music, and sumptuous vestments and altar decorations. On the other hand, the Church's official attitude toward enjoyment of the senses and particularly toward sexuality was severe and restrictive. The ideal woman was the Virgin Mary, who miraculously combined virginal purity with maternity. Motherhood was exalted, but any enjoyment of sexuality, even in marriage, was considered a sin, as were the practice of birth control and abortion. The inability to reconcile the spiritual and sensual aspects of human nature can be seen in the boy's feelings toward Mangan's sister in He imagines his feelings for her as a "chalice"--a sacred religious object--and so worshipful is his attitude that he hesitates even to speak to her. Yet his memories of her focus almost exclusively on her body--her figure silhouetted by the light, the "soft rope of her hair," "the white curve of her neck," the border of her petticoat. Even the image of the chalice is ambivalent, since its cup-like shape and function suggests a sexual connotation. The boy never resolves this conflict between spirituality and sensuality. Instead, when confronted with the tawdriness of a shopgirl's flirtation at the bazaar, he abruptly dismisses all his feelings as mere "vanity."Introduction of the story and the author"Araby" is one of fifteen short stories that together make up James Joyce's collection, Dubliners.Although Joyce wrote the stories between 1904 and 1906, they were not published until 1914.Dubliners paints a portrait of life in Dublin, Ireland, at the turn of the 20th century. Its stories are arranged in an order reflecting the development of a child into a grown man. The first three stories are told from the point of view of a young boy, the next three from the point of view of an adolescent, and so on."Araby" is the last story of the first set, and is told from the perspective of a boy just on the verge of adolescence. The story takes its title from a real festival which came to Dublin in 1894 when Joyce was twelve years old.Joyce is one of the most famous writers of the Modernist period of literature, which runs roughly from 1900 to the end of World War II. Modernist works often include characters who are spiritually lost and themes that reflect a cynicism toward institutions the writer had been taught to respect, such as government and religion. Much of the literature of this period is experimental; Joyce's writing reflects this in the use of dashes instead of quotation marks to indicate that a character is speaking.Joyce had a very difficult time getting Dubliners published. It took him over ten years to find a publisher who was willing to risk publishing the stories because of their unconventional style and themes. Once he found a publisher, he fought very hard with the editors to keep the stories the way he had written them. Years later, these stories are heralded not only for their portrayal of life in Dublin at the turn of the century, but also as the beginning of the career of one of the most brilliant English-language writers of the twentieth century.Plot"Araby" opens on North Richmond street in Dublin, where "an uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end, detached from its neighbours in a square ground." The narrator, who remains unnamed throughout the story, lives with his aunt and uncle. He describes his block, then discusses the former tenant who lived in his house: a priest who recently died in the back room. This priest has a library that attracts the young narrator, and he is particularly interested in three titles: a Sir Walter Scott romance, a religious tract, and a police agent's memoirs.The narrator talks about being a part of the group of boys who play in the street. He then introduces Mangan's sister, a girl who captivates his imagination even though he rarely, if ever, speaks with her. He does stare at her from his window and follow her on the street, however, often thinking of her "even in places the most hostile to romance." While in the marketplace on Saturday nights, for example, he uses her image to guide him through the thronging crowd who yell their sales pitches and sing patriotic Irish ballads. He becomes misty-eyed just at the thought of her and retreats to the priest's dark room in order to deprive himself of other senses and think only of her.Finally, Mangan's sister speaks to him. She asks if he will be attending a church-sponsored fair that is coming soon to Dublin--a bazaar called "Araby." He is tongue-tied and cannot answer, but when she tells him that she cannot go because of a retreat that week in her convent, he promises to go and bring her a gift from the bazaar. From then on he can only think of the time when he will be at the fair; he is haunted by "the syllables of the word Araby." On the night he is supposed to attend the fair, his uncle is late returning home and he must wait to get money from him. He gets very anxious, and his aunt tells him that he may have to miss the bazaar, but his uncle does come home, apologetic that he had forgotten. After asking the boy if he knows a poem entitled "The Arab's Farewell to His Steed," the uncle bids the boy farewell.The boy takes a coin from his uncle and catches a train to the fair. Araby is closing down as he arrives and he timidly walks through the center of the bazaar. As he looks at the few stalls that are still open, he overhears a conversation between an English shop-girl and two young men. Their talk is nothing but idle gossip. The shop-girl pauses reluctantly to ask the boy if he wishes to buy anything, but he declines. As he walks slowly out of the hall amid the darkening of the lights, he thinks that he is a "creature driven and derided by vanity" and his "eyes burned with anguish and anger."CharactersNarrator: The narrator of this story is a young, sensitive boy who confuses a romantic crush and religious enthusiasm. All of the conflict in this story happens inside his mind. It is unlikely that the object of his crush, Mangan's sister, is aware of his feelings for her, nor is anybody else in this boy's small world. Because the boy's thoughts only reveal a part of the story, a careful reader must put together clues that the author gives. For example, the narrator mentions that the former tenant of the house he shares with his aunt and uncle was a priest, a representative of the Catholic church, who left behind three books which became important to the narrator. One is a romantic adventure by Sir Walter Scott; one is a religious pamphlet written by a Protestant; and the third is the exciting memoirs of a French policeman and master of disguise. These three books are not what a person would expect a Catholic priest to have in his library. So if this priest has non-religious literature in his library, then how devout can an average church-goer be expected to be? This turns out to be the case for the narrator, who confuses religious idealism with romance.The boy confuses the religious and secular worlds when he describes himself at the market with his aunt. He bears the chalice--the Communion cup--through a "throng of foes." He also describes Mangan's sister in terms often associated with the Virgin Mary. For the narrator, then, an ordinary grocery-shopping trip becomes a religious crusade, and a pretty girl down the street becomes a substitute for the Mother of God. The boy fuses together religious devotion for the Virgin Mary with his own romantic longing.Joyce is famous for creating characters who undergo an epiphany--a sudden moment of insight--and the narrator of "Araby" is one of his best examples. At the end of the story, the boy overhears a trite conversation between an English girl working at the bazaar and two young men, and he suddenly realizes that he has been confusing things. It dawns on him that the bazaar, which he thought would be so exotic and exciting, is really only a commercialized place to buy things. Furthermore, he now realizes that Mangan's sister is just a girl who will not care whether he fulfills his promise to buy her something at the bazaar.His conversation with Mangan's sister, during which he promised he would buy her something, was really only small talk--as meaningless as the one between the English girl and her companions. He leaves Araby feeling ashamed and upset. This epiphany signals a change in the narrator--from an innocent, idealistic boy to an adolescent dealing with harsh realities.Mangan's Sister: Mangan is one of the narrator's chums who lives down the street. His older sister becomes the object of the narrator's schoolboy crush. Mangan's sister has no idea how the narrator feels about her, however, so when they discuss "Araby," the bazaar coming to town, she is only being polite and friendly. She says she would like to go to the bazaar but cannot because she has to attend a school retreat that weekend. The narrator promises to buy her something at the bazaar if he goes, but it is unlikely that she takes this promise seriously. While on the one hand the narrator describes her romantically, he also describes her in reverential terms which call to mind the Virgin Mary. This dual image description of Mangan's sister represents the religious and romantic confusion of the narrator.Mangan: Mangan is the same age and in the same class at the Christian Brothers school as the narrator, and so he and the narrator often play together after school. His older sister is the object of the narrator's confused feelings.Narrator's Aunt: The narrator's aunt, who is a mother figure in the story, takes the narrator with her to do the marketing. When it seems as though the uncle has forgotten his promise to the narrator that he could go tothe bazaar, she warns the boy that he may have to "put off" the bazaar "for this night of Our Lord." While this statement makes her seem strict in a religious sense, she also exhibits empathy for the boy's plight. She pleads his case when the uncle forgets about the boy's plans to go to Araby.Narrator's Uncle: The narrator's uncle seems self-centered and very unreliable. When the narrator reminds him that he wants to go to the bazaar, he replies, "Yes, boy, I know." But on the Saturday evening of the bazaar, he has forgotten, which causes the narrator to arrive at the bazaar very late. When the uncle finally shows up, he has been drinking, and as the boy leaves for the bazaar he begins reciting the opening lines of the poem, "The Arab's Farewell to his Steed." Joyce's characterization of the uncle bears resemblance to his own father, who liked to drink and was often in debt. Joyce's inclusion of Mrs. Mercer, the pawnbroker's widow who waits for the uncle to return, suggests tha t the uncle owes money.ThemesThe narrator recalls a boyhood crush he had on the sister of a friend. He went to "Araby," a bazaar with an exotic Oriental theme, in order to buy a souvenir for the object of his crush. He arrived late, however, and when he overheard a shallow conversation between a female clerk and her male friends and saw the bazaar closing down, he was overcome with a sense of futility.Alienation and LonelinessThe theme of isolation is introduced early in the story by the image of a deserted, isolated house and the narrator's recollection of a priest who lived and died in their back room. The young protagonist seems isolated within his family. There is no mention of his parents; he lives with his aunt and uncle, and the uncle, in particular, appears insensitive to the boy's feelings, coming home late even though he knows the boy wants to go to the bazaar. The boy's crush on his friend Mangan's sister seems to isolate him even further. He is too tongue-tied to initiate a relationship with her, worshipping her from afar instead. Moreover, his crush appears to isolate him from his friends. Whereas early in the story he is depicted as part of a group of friends playing in the street, after his crush develops his separation from the others is emphasized: he stands by the railings to be close to the girl while the other boys engage in horseplay, and as he waits in the house for his uncle to return so he can go to the bazaar the noises from his friends playing in the street sound "weakened and indistinct." The story ends with him confronting his disillusionment alone in the nearly deserted bazaar.Change and TransformationThe narrator experiences an emotional transformation--changing from an innocent young boy to a disillusioned adolescent--in the flash of an instant, although the reader can look back through the story and trace the forces that lead to the transformation. This change occurs through what Joyce called an "epiphany," a moment of sudden and intense insight. Although the narrator suddenly understands that his romantic fantasies are hopelessly at odds with the reality of his life, this understanding leaves him neither happy nor satisfied; instead, he feels "anguish and anger." It is not clear what impact the narrator's epiphany will have on his future development, only that that development has begun.Fantasy and RealityThe story draws connections between the romantic idealism of the young protagonist's attitude toward Mangan's sister and romantic fantasies in the surrounding culture. Much of this romanticism seems to stem from religion, the pervasive presence of which is emphasized by mentions of the youngsters' parochial schools, repeated references to the dead priest, and the aunt 's fear that the bazaar might be a "Freemason" affair and her reference to "[T]his night of our Lord." The boy carries his thoughts of Mangan's sister like a "chalice through a throng of foes," and his crush inspires in him "strange prayers and praises." The way the girl herself is described--as an alluring but untouchable figure dramatically lit--and the boy's worshipful attitude give her something of the character of a religious statue. Popular culture is also suggested as a source of the boy's romanticism, in the references to Sir Walter Scott's The Abbot and the poem "The Arab's Farewell to His Steed." The contrast between fantasy and reality draws to a head at the Araby bazaar, whose exotic name is merely packaging for a crassly commercial venture. In the nearly deserted hall and the insipid flirtation he overhears between two men and a shopgirl, the protagonist is confronted with huge gap between his romantic fantasies of love and the mundane and materialistic realities of his life.ConstructionThrough the use of a first person narrative, an older narrator recalls the confused thoughts and dreams of his adolescent self. Joyce uses this familiarity with the narrator 's feelings to evoke in readers a response similar to the boy's "epiphany"--a sudden moment of insight and understanding--at the turning point of the story.Point of Viewis told from the first person point of view, but its perspective is complicated by the gap in age and perception between the older narrator and the younger self he remembers. The story takes the form of a reminiscence about an apparent turning point in the narrator 's growth, a partial explanation of how the young protagonist became the older self who is the narrator. The reader is given no direct information about the narrator, however, his relentless contrasting of his boyhood self's idealism with the tawdry details of his life, and the story 's closing line, create a somewhat bitter and disillusioned tone. It is left to the reader to decide how far the narrator has travelled toward a "true" understanding of reality.SymbolismJoyce's use of symbolism enriches the story 's meaning. The former tenant of the narrator's house, the Catholic priest, could be said to represent the entire Catholic church. By extension, the books left in hisroom--which include non-religious and non-Catholic reading--suggest a feeling of ambiguity toward religion in general and Catholicism in particular. The bazaar "Araby" represents the "East"--a part of the world that is exotic and mysterious to the Irish boy. It could also represent commercialism, since despite the boy's romantic imaginings its purpose is in fact to make money. Mrs. Mercer, the pawnbroker's widow, is another representative of materialism. To the narrator, Mangan's sister is a symbol of purity and feminine perfection. These qualities are often associated with the Virgin Mary, who also symbolizes the Catholic church. While the boy is at Araby, the various, and often contrasting, meanings of these symbols converge to produce his epiphany.ModernismJoyce is known as one of the leading authors of Modernism, a movement in art and literature in the first half of the twentieth century that emphasized experimentation and a break with traditional forms. In this early work Joyce's narrative technique is still fairly traditional and straightforward. However, several features of the story can be identified as experimental and modernist, particularly in the extent to which the reader is left to sort out the story 's meaning with little overt help from the author. The story concerns a relatively ordinary occurrence in the life of an ordinary person; we are never told directly how or why it might be important. We are given no direct information about the narrator, but must glean what we can about his character from the story he tells and the way in which he tells it; we are not even told what the age difference is between the narrator and his younger self. The story ends, as it begins, abruptly, with again no direct indication of thesignificance of the protagonist's "epiphany," his older self's attitude toward it, or what it meant for his further development. Much of the early criticism of -that the stories were "sordid" and lacked structure and a "point"--reflect the unfamiliarity and uneasiness of Joyce's contemporary readers with these innovations in storytelling.。
Araby——James Joyce
James Joyce
Joyce was born in Dublin, which kept haunting his dream throughout his life. In 1914 he published his most noted short story collection The Dubliners, which is a cycle of stories all set up in the city Dublin. It seems that Joyce was drawing a series of sketches of his fellow countrymen. In each, the detail is so chosen and organized that carefully interacting symbolic meanings are set up, and as a result, The Dubliners is also a book about human fate. A literary experiment, the stories are as refreshingly original and astonishing today, as when they were first published when Joyce was just twenty-five years old. Moreover, the stories are presented in a particular order so that new meanings arise from the relation between them .
James-Joyces-A-Little-Cloudppt课件
10
▪ The characters
Little Chandler and Ignatius Gallagher
The main character of the story is introduced in t he first lines like Little Chandler not only for his stature, that is slightly under the average, but bec ause he gives one “the idea of being a little man”. Though not exceptionally short, he has small ha nds, a fragile frame and a quiet voice; besides he has refined hair and moustache, perfect nails and white teeth like a child’s. Once more in Dubliners , descriptions are functional to symbolism and Jo yce depicts Chandler’s physical aspect in great de tail to reveal certain inner qualities.
杂志三月号上发表《告鱼书》一文，进一步反击。维吉尼 亚·沃尔夫接到讣告，感慨系之（她于同年3月28日也自杀身2 死）。
JAMES JOYCE
3
JAMES JOYCE
乔伊斯在作品中所表现出
James Joyce作品简介PPT课件
寄宿公寓（The Boarding House）圣恩（Grace）
一朵浮云（A Little Cloud） 死者（The Dead）
.பைடு நூலகம்
5
About Ulysses
Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce. The complete book was first published in 1922, although parts of it had appeared elsewhere earlier, which was first published in France, because of censorship troubles in the Great Britain and the United States, where the book became legally available 1933.
Ulysses, was published in Paris in 1922. In the same year
he started work on his last great book, Finnegan’s Wake, which
was published in1939.
.
2
Main Works:
◎The Play------EXILES 《流亡者》
◎The Collection of Poems------CHAMBER MUSIC 《室内乐集》 Many of them have been made into songs. “I have left my book, \ I have left my room, / For I heard you singing / Through the gloom.”
James-Joyce知识讲解
➢ 1902,20 years old as a journalist, teacher and in other occupations under difficult financial conditions
In his writings, Joyce likes to use references to ancient stories and adopts a completely new style of writing which allows the reader to move inside the minds of the characters, and presents their thoughts and feelings in a continuous dream. This style is known as “stream of consciousness”, and it has had a powerful influence on the work of many other modernist writers.
(1922) and Finnegans Wake芬尼根守灵 (1939).
Joyce‘s technical innovations in the art of the novel include an extensive use of interior monologue; he used a complex network of symbolic parallels drawn from the mythology, history, and literature, and created a unique language of invented words, puns, and allusions.
最新James-Joyce詹姆斯-乔伊斯(共38张PPT)精品课件
第十七页，共三十八页。
Major Works
第十八页，共三十八页。
Dubliners《都柏林人》
Writing background Features Brief summary to 15 collections Major themes
Tell us something
第八页，共三十八页。
Experience
• In 1891 Joyce wrote a poem on the death of Charles Stewart Parnell.
• In November of that same year, Joyce was entered in Stubbs Gazette .
process of the death.
• Joyce in this collections creats all kinds of characters; adolescent boys, middle-aged alcoholic, the government's small staff, university lecturer, laundry room of women, young businessman. Most characters are belong to lower class.
第五页，共三十八页。
James Joyce's lifetime
• Joyce's family
• Gain education • Experience
• Live in exile
第六页，共三十八页。
Joyce's family
Araby--James Joyce
4.Themes of Joyce’s Literature 5.Style
Stream of consciousness
6. Achievements
1. A Brief Introduction to James Joyce
An Irish expatriate author of the 20th century Dublin---the city which provides the settings in his fiction Tempestuous early relationship with the Irish Roman Catholic Church Paradoxically （自相矛盾的） Stream of consciousness and Interior monologue
He arrives at the bazaar just as it is closing. Only a few stalls are open. He examines the goods, but they are far too expensive. The lights are turning out, and the narrator despairs.
• Evidence shows he was interested in becoming a priest
2. Life of James Joyce
Later Life Begins to question the church and the Nationalist movement Rebellious shift in his early teens Needs to LEAVE to be a writer Paris, France (study medicine) Trieste, Italy Zurich, Switzerland Only returns to Dublin once for mother’s funeral All works set in Ireland Infrequent work Teacher, journalist financed by mom, brother, philanthropists Critical failure and success;
James Joyce作品简介
My Love Is in a Light Attire Appleamong the Apple-trees
My love is in a light attire Among the apple-trees, Where the gay winds do most desire To run in companies. There, where the gay winds stay to woo The young leaves as they pass, My love goes slowly, bending to Her shadow on the grass; And where the sky's a pale blue cup Over the laughing land, My love goes lightly, holding up Her dress with dainty hand.
Characters:
The main characters are Leopold Bloom, his wife Molly, and Stephen Dedalus, the hero from A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. They are intended to be modern counterparts(反英 雄意象) of Telemachus, Ulysses, and Penelope. a Jewish advertising canvasser, symbol of bourgeois-ism (布尔乔亚主义，即庸人主义 )， his adventures are less heroic and his homecoming is less violent. Bloom makes his trip to the underworld by attending a funeral at Glasnevin Cemetary. "We are praying now for the repose of his soul. Hoping you're well and not in hell. Nice change of air. Out of the frying pan of life into the fire of purgatory." ◆Molly Bloom， Bloom’ wife, symbol of sensualism （肉欲主义)，
英国文学 James Joyce
James Joyce (1882-1941), Irish novelist, noted for his experimental use of language in such works as Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939). Joyce's technical innovations in the art of the novel include an extensive use of interior monologue; he used a complex network of symbolic parallels drawn from the mythology, history, and literature, and created a unique language of invented words, puns, and allusions.詹姆斯·奥古斯汀·艾洛依休斯·乔伊斯（James Augustine Aloysius Joyce），（1882年2月2曰——1941年1月13曰），爱尔兰作家和诗人，20世纪最重要的作家之一。
代表作包括短篇小说集《都柏林人》（1914）、长篇小说《一个青年艺术家的画像》（1916）、《尤利西斯》（1922）以及《芬尼根的苏醒》（1939）。
尽管乔伊斯一生大部分时光都远离故土爱尔兰，但早年在祖国的生活经历却对他的创作产生了深远的影响。
他的大部分作品都以爱尔兰为背景和主题。
他所创作的小说大多根植于他早年在都柏林的生活，包括他的家庭、朋友、敌人、中学和大学的岁月。
乔伊斯是用英文写作的现代主义作家中将国际化因素和乡土化情节结合最好的人。
James Joyce was born in Dublin, on February 2, 1882, as the son of John Stanislaus Joyce, an impoverished gentleman, who had failed in a distillery business and tried all kinds of professions, including politics and tax collecting. Joyce's mother, Mary Jane Murray, was ten years younger than her husband. She was an accomplished pianist, whose life was dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. In spite of their poverty, the family struggled to maintain a solid middle-class facade.乔伊斯出生于都柏林近郊拉斯加地区的一个富裕的天主教家庭。
James Joyce
Emotionally，she is passionate to her brothers and nostalgic for the past and also eager for love. But at last she becomes apathetic, revealing the paralytic nature of Dubliners because of religious anaesthesia (麻醉) and her mental confusion and timidity.
In what way does the story reveal the confinement of gender role?
The story “Eveline” through the representation of Eveline’s and her mother’s life shows that women at that time should be domestic, sacrificial and votive to the family, but they don’t have the right to determine or control things independently, even their own life, marriage and fate; they have to accept their unbearable life passively and endure miseries silently and obediently.
This technique helps the author illustrate how Eveline is in two minds in deciding to go or not. In reading the story, we have to do some imaginative work to recreate the events, but we can gain the illusion of being present to the private thoughts of Eveline.
The Dead(James Joyce)--Analysis
James Joyce - The DeadThe AuthorJames Joyce was born in Rathgar, a suburb in the south of Dublin, on February 2, 1882. He was the first of ten children. His parents were John Stanislaus Joyce, an improvident rate collector, and Mary Jane Murray. James was baptised in Roman Catholic faith at the church of St Joseph, Terenure, on February 5.In 1887 the Joyce family moved to Bray, a seaside town fifteen miles south of Dublin. From 1888 to 1891 James studied at Clongowes Wood College, Sallins, County Kildare, a well-known Jesuit school. In 1891 the family, who had financial problems, moved first to Blackrock and then to Dublin. After a brief interlude with the Christian Brothers on North Richmond Street, Joyce finished his Jesuit education at Belvedere College. In 1898 he entered University College, Dublin, where he read French, Italian and English. In 1902, Joyce left for Paris in order to study medicine, but he soon returned to Dublin in August of 1903 because of his mother’s death . Back in Dublin James Joyce started working an the first draft of ‘Stephen Hero’. In 1904 he fell in love with Nora Barnacle, a girl from Galway who worked in a hotel. In the same year he also published the first story of the collection ‘Dubliners’. He decided to leave for Zurich together with Nora, where he taught at the Berlitz school. A year later they moved to Trieste where his son Giorgo was born on 27 July 1905.Six months later, James Joyce sent twelve stories of ‘Dubliners’ to his publisher, who hesitated eleven years to publish these stories, because he was afraid of censorship. In 1907 Joyce published ‘Chamber Music’, a collection of poems. In the same year his daughter Lucia Anna was born.The following years were marked by the beginning of Joyce’s eye problems. In 1914 ‘A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man’ was published. Joyce’s play ‘Exiles’ was published in 1918 in London and New York. In 1920 the family Joyce moved to Paris and two years later the full text of ‘Ulysses’ was published in book form. His second collection of poems, ‘Pomes Penyeach’, was published in 1927. On 4 July 1931 James and Nora were married in London ‘for testamentary reasons’. In the same year, Joyce’s father died in Dublin.By 1933 Joyce had become nearly blind. Two more of Joyce’s books were published in the thirties: his ‘Collected Poems’ (1936) and ‘Finnegans Wake’ (1939). In 1940 the family Joyce fled to Switzerland.Joyce died in Zurich on 13 January 1941, of a perforated ulcer.About the Story‘The Dead’ is the last story of ‘Dubliners’. James Joyce wrote this story in Trieste in 1907. ‘The Dead’ was first published with the rest of the collection in 1917.‘The Dead’ has the usual division into three parts, indicated by Joyce himself: arrival of the guests and first dances; Gabriel’s own dance with Miss Ivors,supper and speech; last song, departure, hotel scene with the revelation of Gretta’s past love.Summary1PartThe story is set at the house of the Morkans where the sisters Miss Kate and Miss Julia and their niece Mary Jane have their yearly Christmas party. Everybody who knows one of the three hostesses comes each year to their dance-party. This year the guests are worried at first because it was after ten o’clock Gabriel Conroy, the nephew of Miss Julia and Miss Kate, and his wife Gretta have still not come. When they finally arrive, everybody is very pleased because Gabriel is going to give a speech this year. Gabriel wants to give Lily, who does the housework for her aunts and her cousin, a tip, but she rejects it. Gabriel goes up the stairs and stops outside the sitting room door in order to go through his speech again because he is not really content with it. He thinks that it might be too difficult for his audience, and he does not want to make another mistake (after offering Lily a tip).After that he greets the other guests. At the same time, Freddy Malins who is always drunk arrives. Gabriel is told better to look after Freddy when the other people go back into the room where they can have a drink or dance. Mary Jane starts playing the piano, but Gabriel does not listen because he does not like the music.Part2After Mary Jane has finished playing, Gabriel finds himself standing close to Miss Ivors as the next dance begins. She is a young woman with honest brown eyes who talks a lot. They start a conversation and Gabriel tells her that he will not be able to come to the Aran Isles because he wants to go on a bicycle tour to France or Belgium. She, however, cannot understand at all why he does not want to visit his own country, but Gabriel argues that he wants to practice the foreign languages. When the music has finished, they stop talking as well and she even calls him ‘West Briton’.After the dance, Gabriel Conroy speaks to Freddy Mailins’ mother in order to forget the conversation with Miss Ivors. Then everybody sits down to have supper, and Gabriel takes a seat at the head of the table. After the supper Gabriel makes his speech.3PartThe last guests are standing at the front door. The cold morning air blows into the house. Gabriel puts his coat on and waits for his wife Gretta. He goes to the bottom of the stairs and looks up. He sees a women standing in the shadow near the top. It is his wife who is listening to a melody. Someone is playing the piano and a man is singing to the music. It is Mr Bartell D’Arcy whohas not wanted to sing at first. After that, all go to the door and say goodbye to the hostesses.Gabriel and his wife Gretta go back home to their hotel. Gretta is very thoughtful. She tells Gabriel that she keeps thinking about a person she knew a long time ago when she was living with her grandmother in a small village. His name was Michael Furey and he was her boyfriend. He died when he was only seventeen. And she believes he died for her. He was ill and he visited her because she wanted to move to Dublin. The weather was horrible, it was raining and a strong wind was blowing. He died one week later.After this revelation he throws herself down on the bed, crying. While Gretta is asleep, Gabriel looks out of the window ,and thinks about the story she has just told him, about his earlier feelings for her, and about how strong they were. He meditates on the living and the dead.CharacterisationGabriel Conroy:He is the main character of this story. Gabriel, ‘a stout, tallish young man with glossy black hair and glasses’, works as a university teacher in Galway- In contrast to Miss Ivors, he is not so fond of his country.As his wife tells him that this boy, Michael Furey, died for her, he cannot deal with the situation. He feels completely alone.Conroy:GrettaShe is Gabriel’s wife. His mother does not like her. She calls Gretta ‘a sweet girl from the country’. But she is a rather beautiful woman. At the Christmas party she remembers Michael Furey. She thinks that he died for her and loves him because of that.Interpretation‘The Dead’ is a description of a man’s realisation of his psychological paralysis.1 This is broken down by three mistakes, one in each part of the story: (1) Lily’s refusal of a tip: Gabriel’s failure as a gentlemen, (2) Miss Ivors’ use of the abusive term ‘West Briton’: Gabriel’s failure as an Irishman, (3) Gretta’s withdrawal into the past and her revelation: Gabriel’s failure as a man, a lover and a husband.He is then left alone (his wife is fast asleep) to mediate on the living and the dead while he is looking out of the window.1 HART, CLIVE: James Joyce’s ‘Dubliners’, Faber&Faber, London, 1969。
中外现代文学经典的审美鉴赏书
中外现代文学经典的审美鉴赏书中外现代文学经典的审美鉴赏书，可以涉及以下几本书作为例子进行讨论：1.《尤利西斯》（James Joyce）：《尤利西斯》是爱尔兰作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯的代表作，被誉为现代主义文学的里程碑。
该书以一天的时间为线索，通过描写主人公布卢姆在都柏林市行走，讲述了他在一天期间的经历和思考，以及对日常生活中的琐事、生与死、宗教与道德等问题的思考。
这本书以其独特的文字风格、复杂的叙事结构和深度的内涵而备受赞誉。
读者需要具备一定的文学素养来欣赏和解读这本书。
2.《百年孤独》（Gabriel García Márquez）：《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚作家加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作，被誉为拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义文学的经典之作。
该书通过讲述布恩地亚家族七代人的故事，展现了一幅奇妙而繁复的画卷，涵盖了家族、爱情、历史、文化等多个方面。
马尔克斯以其独特的写作风格、浓厚的魔幻色彩和丰富的象征意义，塑造了一幅令人陶醉的文学世界。
3.《追忆似水年华》（Marcel Proust）：《追忆似水年华》是法国作家马塞尔·普鲁斯特的代表作，被视为一部关于时间、记忆、爱情和艺术的巨作。
该书以主人公马塞尔回忆自己成长过程中的点点滴滴为线索，展现了一个独特的内心世界。
普鲁斯特通过细腻入微的描写和深入的心理剖析，探讨了人类意识的广度和深度，使得读者在阅读过程中能够感受到时间的流逝和记忆的变幻。
4.《麦田里的守望者》（J.D. Salinger）：《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J.D.塞林格的代表作，被誉为美国当代文学的经典之作。
该书以主人公霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德的视角，描绘了一个青少年迷茫、反叛和寻找自我的过程。
书中展现了年轻人内心的孤独感和对社会假面具的痛恨，同时反思了现代社会的虚假和荒谬。
该书简洁明了的写作风格、真挚的情感和尖锐的批判意识，使得读者能够共情并思考成长过程中的难题。
阿拉比 Araby James Joyce 精美ppt制作加清晰讲解
• 我抬头凝视着黑暗，发觉自己是受虚幻驱动和愚弄的可怜 虫；我的双眼中燃烧着痛苦和愤怒。
What does this sentence mean?
The boy suddenly realizes his foolishness, discovering
the discrepancy between the real and the ideal. (epiphany)
• Q: • What’ s the meaning of the last sentence?
• Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.
"Araby'' is one of fifteen short stories that together make up James Joyce's collection, Dubliners. It is the last story of the first set, and is told from the perspective of a boy just on the verge of adolescence. The story takes its title from a real festival which came to Dublin in 1894 when Joyce was twelve years old.
What is the theme of "Araby"?
• The spiritual paralysis(精神的瘫痪）
James Joyces A Little Cloud
encounters. “wild”
Settings:
1).Everyday Dublin of Little Chandler’s life is a city of which is given an image of decrepitude, decay and extreme shabbiness: ev en the golden light of sunset can’t embellish it. We read of “ve rmin~like life” and “gaunt spectral mansions” where lost me mories of the past no longer survive. The children play along dirt y streets “crawl” and “squat” like mice upon the thresholds of the poor houses.
民的日常生活，显示社会环境对人的理想和希望的毁灭。乔 伊斯的文学生涯也是始于他1904年开始创作的短篇小说集
《都柏林人》。在写给出版商理查兹的一封信中，他明确地
表述了这本书的创作原则：“我的宗旨是要为我国的道德和
精神史写下自己的一章。”这实际上也成了他一生文学追求
的目标。在乔伊斯眼中，处于大英帝国和天主教会双重压迫
用梦境表达对人类的存在和命运的终极思考，语言极为晦涩 难懂。
3.About the Text
▪ Questions: ▪ 1. Who are the main characters? ▪ 2. What are the feathers of them? ▪ 3. What’s their relationship between each other? ▪ 4.Why does Little Chandler admire and envy
James-Joyce简介
1902,20 years old as a journalist, teacher and in other occupations under difficult financial condition
during 1903-1904 when he went back to see his dying mother and met his future wife 1904 , left Dublin with Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid who he married in 1931
James Joyce (1882-1941)
Born
in a declining Irish middle class family
received
good education, but the rigidity of the religion and its representative effect turned him away from the church to literature
Chamber Music室内乐 (pcollection, 1914) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man一个年轻艺术家的画像 (novel, 1916) Exiles流亡者 (play, 1918) Ulysses尤里西斯 (novel, 1922) Pomes Penyeach penyeach 诗集 (poems, 1927) Collected Poems诗集 (poems, 1936) Finnegans Wake芬尼根的苏醒 (novel, 1939) The Cat and the Devil猫和魔鬼(a children's book, 1936
JamesJoyce乔伊斯简介
James Joyce乔伊斯简介1882-1941 短篇小说：Dubiners都柏林人长篇小说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像;Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒Introductionin full James Augustine Aloysius Joyceborn Feb. 2, 1882, Dublin, Ire.died Jan. 13, 1941, Zürich, Switz.•James Joyce, oil on canvas by Jacques-Émile Blanche, 1935.Irish novelist noted for his experimental use of language and exploration of new literary methods in such large works of fiction as Ulysses(1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939).Early lifeJoyce, the eldest of 10 children in his family to survive infancy, was sent at age six to Clongowes Wood College, a Jesuit boarding school that has been described as “the Eton of Ireland.” But his father was not the man to stay affluent for long; he drank, neglected his affairs, andborrowed money from his office, and his family sank deeper and deeper into poverty, the children becoming accustomed to conditions of increasing sordidness. Joyce did not return to Clongowes in 1891; instead he stayed at home for the next two years and tried to educate himself, asking his mother to check his work. In April 1893 he and his brother Stanislaus were admitted, without fees, toBelvedere College, a Jesuit grammar school in Dublin. Joyce did well there academically and was twice elected president of the Marian Society, a position virtually that of head boy. He left, however, under a cloud, as it was thought (correctly) that he had lost his Roman Catholic faith.He entered University College, Dublin, which was then staffed by Jesuit priests. There he studied languages and reserved his energies for extracurricular activities, reading widely—particularly in books not recommended by the Jesuits—and taking an active part in the college's Literary and Historical Society. Greatly admiring Henrik Ibsen, he learned Dano-Norwegian to read the original and had an article, Ibsen's New Drama—a review of the play When We Dead Awaken—published in the London Fortnightly Review in 1900 just after his 18th birthday. This early success confirmed Joyce in his resolution to become a writer and persuaded his family, friends, and teachers that the resolution was justified. In October 1901 he published an essay, "The Day of the Rabblement," attacking the Irish Literary Theatre (later the Dublin Abbey Theatre) for catering to popular taste.Joyce was leading a dissolute life at this time but worked sufficiently hard to pass his final examinations, matriculating with “second-class honours in Latin” and obtaining the degree of B.A. on Oct. 31, 1902. Never did he relax his efforts to master the art of writing. He wrote verses and experimented with short prose passages that he called “epiphanies,”a word that Joyce used to describe his accounts of moments when the real truth about some person or object was revealed. To support himself while writing, he decided to become a doctor, but, after attending a few lectures in Dublin, he borrowed what money he could and went to Paris, where he abandoned the idea of medical studies, wrote some book reviews, and studied in the Sainte-Geneviève Library.Recalled home in April 1903 because his mother was dying, he tried various occupations, including teaching, and lived at various addresses, including the Martello Tower at Sandycove, now Ireland's Joyce Museum. He had begun writing a lengthy naturalistic novel, Stephen Hero, based on the events of his own life, when in 1904 George Russell offered £1 each for some simple short stories with an Irish background to appear in a farmers' magazine,The Irish Homestead. In response Joyce began writing the stories published as Dubliners(1914). Three stories, "The Sisters," "Eveline," and "After the Race," had appeared under the pseudonym Stephen Dedalus before the editor decided that Joyce's work was not suitable for his readers. Meanwhile Joyce had met a girl named Nora Barnacle, with whom he fell in love on June 16, the day that he chose as what is known as “Bloomsday” (the day of his novel Ulysses). Eventually he persuaded her to leave Ireland with him, although he refused, on principle, to go through a ceremony of marriage.Early travels and worksJoyce and Nora left Dublin together in October 1904. Joyce obtained a position in the Berlitz School, Pola, Austria-Hungary, working in his spare time at his novel and short stories. In 1905 they moved to Trieste, where James's brother Stanislaus joined them and where their children, George and Lucia, were born. In 1906–07, for eight months, he worked at a bank in Rome, disliking almost everything he saw. Ireland seemed pleasant by contrast; he wrote to Stanislaus that he had not given credit in his stories to the Irish virtue of hospitality and began to plan a new story, "The Dead." The early stories were meant, he said, to show the stultifying inertia and social conformity from which Dublin suffered, but they are written with a vividness that arises from his success in making every word and every detail significant. His studies in European literature had interested him in both the Symbolists and the Realists; his work began to show a synthesis of these two rival movements. He decided that Stephen Hero lacked artistic control and form and rewrote it as “a work in five chapters” under a title—A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man—intended to direct attention to its focus upon the central figure.In 1909 he visited Ireland twice to try to publish Dubliners and set up a chain of Irish cinemas. Neither effort succeeded, and he was distressed when a former friend told him that he had shared Nora's affections in the summer of 1904. Another old friend proved this to be a lie. Joyce always felt that he had been betrayed, however, and the theme of betrayal runs through much of his later writings.When Italy declared war in 1915 Stanislaus was interned, but James and his family were allowed to go to Zürich. At first, while he gave private lessons in English and worked on the early chapters of Ulysses—which he had first thought of as another short story about a “Mr. Hunter”—his financial difficulties were great. He was helped by a large grant from Edith Rockefeller McCormick and finally by a series of grants from Harriet Shaw Weaver, editor of the Egoist magazine, which by 1930 had amounted to more than £23,000. Her generosity resulted partly from her admiration for his work and partly from her sympathy with his difficulties, for, as well as poverty, he had to contend with eye diseases that never really left him. From February 1917 until 1930 he endured a series of 25 operations for iritis, glaucoma, and cataracts, sometimes being for short intervals totally blind. Despite this he kept up his spirits and continued working, some of his most joyful passages being composed when his health was at its worst.Unable to find an English printer willing to set up A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man for book publication, Weaver published it herself, having the sheets printed in the United States, where it was also published, on Dec. 29, 1916, by B.W. Huebsch, in advance of the English Egoist Press edition. Encouraged by the acclaim given to this, in March 1918, the American Little Review began to publish episodes from Ulysses, continuing until the work was banned in December 1920. An autobiographical novel, A Portrait of the Artist traces the intellectual and emotional development of a young man named Stephen Dedalus and ends with his decision to leave Dublin for Paris to devote his life to art. The last words of Stephen prior to his departure are thought to express the author's feelings upon the same occasion in his own life: “Welcome, O life! I go to encounter for the millionth time the reality of my experience and to forge in the smithy of my soul the uncreated conscience of my race.”UlyssesAfter World War I Joyce returned for a few months to Trieste, and then—at the invitation of Ezra Pound—in July 1920 he went to Paris. His novel Ulysses was published there on Feb. 2, 1922, by Sylvia Beach, proprietor of a bookshop called “Shakespeare and Company” Ulysses is constructed as a modern parallel to Homer's Odyssey. All of the action of the novel takes place in Dublin on a single day (June 16, 1904). The three central characters—Stephen Dedalus (the hero of Joyce's earlierPortrait of the Artist), Leopold Bloom, a Jewish advertising canvasser, and his wife, Molly Bloom—are intended to be modern counterparts of Telemachus, Ulysses, and Penelope. By the use of interior monologue Joyce reveals the innermost thoughts and feelings of these characters as they live hour by hour, passing from a public bath to a funeral, library, maternity hospital, and brothel.The main strength of Ulysses lies in its depth of character portrayal and its breadth of humour. Yet the book is most famous for its use of a variant of the interior monologue known as the “stream-of-consciousness” technique. Joyce claimed to have taken this technique from a forgotten French writer, Édouard Dujardin (1861–1949), who had used interior monologues in his novel Les Lauriers sont coupés(1888; We'll to the Woods No More), but many critics have pointed out that it is at least as old as the novel, though no one before Joyce had used it so continuously. Joyce's major innovation was to carry the interior monologue one step further by rendering, for the first time in literature, the myriad flow of impressions, half thoughts, associations, lapses and hesitations, incidental worries, and sudden impulses that form part of the individual's conscious awareness along with the trend of his rational thoughts. This stream-of-consciousness technique proved widely influential in much20th-century fiction.Sometimes the abundant technical and stylistic devices in Ulysses become too prominent, particularly in the much-praised “Oxen of the Sun” chapter (Episode 14), in which the language goes through every stage in the development of English prose from Anglo-Saxon to the present day to symbolize the growth of a fetus in the womb. The execution is brilliant, but the process itself seems ill-advised. More often the effect is to add intensity and depth, as, for example, in the “Aeolus” chapter (Episode 7) set in a newspaper office, with rhetoric as the theme. Joyce inserted into it hundreds of rhetorical figures and many references to winds—something “blows up” instead of happening, people “raise the wind” when they are getting money—and the reader becomes aware of an unusual liveliness in the very texture of the prose. The famous last chapter of the novel, in which we follow the stream of consciousness of Molly Bloom as she lies in bed, gains much of its effect from being written in eight huge unpunctuated paragraphs.Ulysses, which was already well known because of the censorship troubles, became immediately famous upon publication. Joyce had prepared for its critical reception by having a lecture given by Valery Larbaud, who pointed out the Homeric correspondences in it and that “each episode deals with a particular art or science, contains a particular symbol, represents a special organ of the human body, has its particular colour . . .proper technique, and takes place at a particular time.” Joyce never published this scheme; indeed, he even deleted the chapter titles in the book as printed. It may be that this scheme was more useful to Joyce when he was writing than it is to the reader.Finnegans Wake•James Joyce, photograph by Gisèle Freund, 1939.In Paris Joyce worked on Finnegans Wake, the title of which was kept secret, the novel being known simply as “Work in Progress” until it was published in its entirety in May 1939. In addition to his chronic eye troubles, Joyce suffered great and prolonged anxiety over his daughter's mental health. What had seemed her slight eccentricity grew into unmistakable and sometimes violent mental disorder that Joyce tried by every possible means to cure, but it became necessary finally to place her in a mental hospital near Paris. In 1931 he and Nora visited London, where they were married, his scruples on this point having yielded to his daughter's complaints.Meanwhile he wrote and rewrote sections of Finnegans Wake; often a passage was revised more than a dozen times before he was satisfied. Basically the book is, in one sense, the story of a publican in Chapelizod, near Dublin, his wife, and their three children; but Mr. Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker (often designated by variations on his initials, HCE, one form of which is “Here Comes Everybody”), Mrs. Anna Livia Plurabelle, Kevin, Jerry, and Isabel are every family of mankind, the archetypal family about whom all humanity is dreaming. The 18th-century Italian Giambattista Vico provides the basic theory that history is cyclic; to demonstrate this the book begins with the end of a sentence left unfinished on the last page. It is thousands of dreams in one. Languages merge: Anna Livia has “vlossyhair”—włosy being Polish for “hair”; “a bad of wind” blows, bâd being Turkish for “wind.” Charac ters from literature and history appear and merge and disappear as “the intermisunderstanding minds of the anticollaborators” dream on. On another level, the protagonists are the city of Dublin and the River Liffey—which flows enchantingly through the page s, “leaning with the sloothering slide of her, giddygaddy, grannyma, gossipaceous Anna Livia”—standing as representatives of the history of Ireland and, by extension, of all human history. And throughout the book Joyce himself is present, joking, mocking his critics, defending his theories, remembering his father, enjoying himself.After the fall of France in World War II (1940), Joyce took his family back to Zürich, where he died, still disappointed with the reception given to his last book.AssessmentJames Joyce's subtle yet frank portrayal of human nature, coupled with his mastery of language and brilliant development of new literary forms, made him one of the most commanding influences on novelists of the 20th century. Ulysses has come to be accepted as a major masterpiece, two of its characters, Leopold Bloom and his wife, Molly, being portrayed with a fullness and warmth of humanity unsurpassed in fiction. Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is also remarkable for the intimacy of the reader's contact with the central figure and contains some astonishingly vivid passages. The 15 short stories collected in Dubliners mainly focused upon Dublin life's sordidness, but "The Dead" is one of the world's great short stories. Critical opinion remains divided over Joyce's last work, Finnegans Wake, a universal dream about an Irish family, composed in a multilingual style on many levels and aiming at a multiplicity of meanings; but, although seemingly unintelligible at first reading, the book is full of poetry and wit, containing passages of great beauty. Joyce's other works—some verse (Chamber Music, 1907; Pomes Penyeach, 1927; Collected Poems, 1936) and a play, Exiles(1918)—though competently written, added little to his international stature.James Stephen Atherton Ed.Additional ReadingA standard biography, Richard Ellmann, James Joyce, new and rev. ed. (1982), is reliable and exhaustive, while his The Consciousness of Joyce (1977, reissued 1981) examines Joyce's thought, especially his political views. Chester G. Anderson, James Joyce and His World (1967, reissued 1978), is a sympathetic study of his life and works. Harry Blamires, The Bloomsday Book(1966, reprinted 1974), is an excellent guide to Ulysses. Frank Budgen, James Joyce and the Making of Ulysses, new ed. (1960, reprinted 1972), gives an intimate account of Joyce at work. Hugh Kenner, Joyce's Voices (1978), is a provocative study of Ulysses. C.H. Peake, James Joyce, the Citizen and the Artist (1977), employs traditional literary values in criticizing Joyce's works. For the earlier works, both Marvin Magalaner, Time of Apprenticeship: The Fiction of Young James Joyce (1959, reissued 1970); and a collection of critical essays ed. by Clive Hart, James Joyce's Dubliners (1969), are useful. Emer Nolan, Joyce and Nationalism (1995), examines Joyce's connections to Ireland. Derek Attridge and Marjorie Howes (eds.), Semicolonial Joyce (2000), offers political perspectives on the author. Zack Bowen and James F. Carens (eds.), A Companion to Joyce Studies (1984), is a good handbook. Thomas Jackson Rice, James Joyce: A Guide to Research (1982), is indispensable for the serious student of Joyce.欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。
James Joyce.ppt1
Odysseus
奥德修斯（Odysseus） 帕涅罗佩（Penelope ） 忒勒玛科（Telemachus）
三个主人公两天发生的故事，其中参杂了大量的心理描 写。共18章，可分为三部分，写了三个人物（斯蒂芬、 布卢姆、摩莉）在都柏林的一天（1904年6月16日）的 生活。 第一部分（1—3章）写斯蒂芬的行动和意识。斯蒂芬是 个年轻的历史教师、诗人，他由于母亲病危而返回都柏 林，母亲临终时要求他跪下祈祷，而他则出于对宗教的 反感没有听从，母亲死后他常常为此事感到内疚。而父 亲的整日酗酒，又使他离家出走，以教书为生。1904年 6月16日上午，斯蒂芬上完一节历史课，到校 长那儿领了工资，漫步到海滩，面对阵阵袭来的海 浪，他的意识漫无目的地流淌着：人世的沧桑、造化的 奥妙、时空的永恒、艺术的魅力~ ~ ~ ~
Major works
Dubliners 《都柏林人》1914 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《一个青年艺术家的画像》1916 Exiles and Poetry Ulysses 《尤利西斯》1922 Finnegans Wake 《芬尼根守灵夜》 1939
James Joyce (1882—1941) 詹姆斯.乔伊斯 詹姆斯 乔伊斯
Biography
Joyce was born on 2 February 1882, Dublin, Irish and graduated from University College Dublin. 1882—1904: Dublin（都柏林） （都柏林） 1904—1920: Trieste（德里亚斯特） and （德里亚斯特） Zurich(苏黎世） 苏黎世） 苏黎世 1920—1941: Paris and Zurich
James Joyce 乔伊斯
• Play: Exiles • Fiction
Joyce's statue in Trieste
3. Major Works of James Joyce
• Dubliners 1914 《都柏林人》
2. Life of James Joyce
James Joyce
1882-1941
2. Life of James Joyce
Early life and Education
• Born 1882 • Irish Catholic • Upper Middle class, then Lower
– Dad failed distiller – Mom strict religious; 15 pregnancies
• Lots of siblings (兄弟姐妹） • Educated sporadically-Jesuits
– Clongowes and Belvedere as adolescent – University College as graduate
3.2 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《一个青年艺术家的肖像》
Semi-autobiographical of James Joyce Stephen Dedalus coming of age all society and nature unfriendly toward him Finally he dedicates his life to his art More national than personal Suggests intellectual pursuit of perfection is an alternative to religious faith Uses interior monologues
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A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《一个青年艺术家的肖像》
• Semi-autobiographical of James Joyce
• All society and nature unfriendly toward him • Finally he dedicates his life to his art
• Greed and money • Violence • Class struggles
Style of Joyce’s Literature
Symbolism 象征意义 Realism 现实主义 Irony 反讽 interior monologue 内心独白 Stream of Consciousness
Interior monologue 内心独白 James Joyce– Ulysses Interior analysis 内心分析 Marcel Proust- In Search of Lost Time Free association 自由联想 Melodious language 音乐化语言 Virginia Woolf- The Waves
The Waves
Has no connected story； Traces the lives and relationships of 6 persons； Try to present the reality of six different people at successive stages in their lives By concentrating the reader’s attention upon the inner monologue, Woolf reveals the basic structure of human personality
意识流
Virginia Woolf
Born in 1882 An intellectual family in London Father was a historian, philosopher, and literary critic Educated at home by tutors Learning from her father’s library
increasingly innovative
Woolf’s Novels
Orlando (1928) 《奥兰 多》 The Years (1937 )《岁 experimental novels 月》 Between the Acts (1941)《幕间》
Mrs. Dalloway
Takes place within one day in London A life story of Clarissa Dalloway About human life’s tension between misery and happiness Showed a picture of the alienated modern world
To the Lighthouse
Partly an autobiographical novel The action is located in the sphere of mind Divided into three parts: “The Window”, “Time Passes”, “The Lighthouse” Aim to convey the spirit of life and to display the complex and inexpressible inner activities of man
Woolf’s Novels
The Voyage Out (1915) 《出航》 Night and Day (1919)《夜与日》
traditional in method
Jacob‘s Room (1922) 《雅各布 的房间》 Mrs. Dalloway (1925) 《达罗卫 夫人》 To the Lighthouse (1927) 《到 灯塔去》 The Waves (1931)《海浪》
Woolf’s Achievements
1. Stream-of- Consciousness Technique（意识流技巧)
Woolf and Joyce are the most gifted and innovative of the stream of consciousness novelists
Joyce's statue in Trieste
Major Works of James Joyce
Dubliners 1914 《都柏林人》 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 1916
《一个青年艺术家的肖像》
Ulysses 1922 《尤利西斯》 Finnegan’s Wake 1939
As an Essayist
The Common Reader (1925 and 1932) A Room of One’s Own (1929) Three Guineas (1938)
However, her important literary achievement still lies in her novel writing
• More national than personal
• Suggests intellectual pursuit of
perfection is an alternative to religious faith • Uses interior monologues （内心独白）
Finnegans Wake 《芬尼根的苏醒》 His last important book Spent 17 years Full of mythical analogues, classical allusions, multilingual puns, word combinations, and foreign languages Attempted to pack the whole history of mankind into one night’s dream Very hard to understand
《芬尼根的苏醒》
Dubliner 《都柏林人》
Dubliner
Stories progress from childhood to maturity “The Dead” was added years later Tried to get it published from 1904-1914; published much altered Collection of short stories all set in Dublin Too “real” regarding morals and conduct, people and places, politics and church, lewd actions
Themes of Joyce’s Literature
PRIMARY THEMES
Escape vs. Paralysis Nationalism Religion Duty to Ireland Duty to the church Aging and growing
SECONDARY THEMES
Unit 16
James Joyce
1882-1941
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Major Works of James Joyce
Collection of poems: Chamber Music 1907 Play: Exiles A Collection of Short Stories Three Novels
2. A Feminist（女权主义者）
She was very much concerned with the rights and position of women, especially of intelligent women and women writers.
Art Skills of Stream of consciousness