初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案
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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解,专项练习及答案
注意!宾语从句小口诀:
宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;
主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;
主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;
陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。
一、基本讲解
1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。eg, Hesaid he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
He asks himhowlongMike has beendown . (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angryatwhatyousaid. (介词宾语)
2.连接词
(1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略。
e.g,She told me (that)she would liketo go with us。
(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序
eg, Iwonderif/whether u have toldthenew toLi Lei .
注意:一般情况下,whether和if 可以互用,但有些情况例外。
a。当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if
eg,We are talking about whetherwe’ll go on the pinic.
b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时, 只用whether.
eg,Please let me know what to do next。
Could youtell mewhether u go or not?
c。if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether.
(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。
E。g.Could youtell me what's the matter\wrong with you?
特殊情况::当doyou think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+do you think+陈述句语序.
3。宾语从句时态
a。当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选用相应的时态.例如:
Doyou know(if/whether he hasseenthefilm)?
b.当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如:
Ididn’t know (if/whetherhehad seen the film.)
注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时.例如:
He said (that theearth moves round the sun.)
The teacher told us(that lighttravels much fasterthansound.)
4。、人称的变化和标点的使用
a。从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:
“May I useyourknife?"He asked me.
→Heaskedmeif he might usemy knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?"He asked me.
→He asked me if I know her telephonenumber。
b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:
Who will give us a talk?I don’t know.→I don'tknowwho will give us a talk。
Do you know?Where does he live? →Do youknow where helive s?
二、宾语从句的转化
1.2。当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:
Sheagreed thatshe could help me with my maths。
→She agreedto help me withmy maths.
2。当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构"。例如:
I don’tknow which sweaterIshould buy.→I don't know whichsweater tobuy。
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell, show,teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构",或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如:→Could you tellme howtoget tot he park?
4. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V—ing形式.如:
She foundthat thewallet lay/waslyingon the ground.
→She found the walletlie/lyingon theground。
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1。Have you decided ________forAustralia?
A。when will youleave B。when doyou leave
C。you will leave when D.when youwill leave
2.Can you tell me_________ ?
A.where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C。Tomlives where D。where Tom lives
3.The oldmanasked me________ 。
A。wherewas thecinema B。where isthe cinema
C。where thecinema was D。wherewas the way to thecinema
4.I think_______you will like him。A. that B。if C。whyD。how
5.Ididn’t know _______ he willcomeornot. A. thatB. whether C。weatherD。how
6.I wonder_________。
A。how much cost these shoes B。howmuch do these shoescost C。how much these shoes costD。how much are these shoes cost
7.She asked me _________。A。who hewas B。who was he C. who is he D.who he is
8.Ask him ___.
A。whosecup this isB. whose cupis thisC.this iswhosecupD。whoseis this cup
9.I don’t know _________.
A.what time the movie startsB。what time starts the movie C。the time to start themovie D. the movie whattimestarts
10。Thedoctor asked me how long ________ .
A。was I ill B。have I been ill C.I have been illD。Ihad been ill
11。Theweather forecast doesn’tsay _________。
A. ifit rains tomorrow B.ifdoes it raintomorrow
C。if it willrain tomorrow D. if will itrain tomorrow
12.Doyou know _________?
A.whose pen is this B。whose penthis is
C. whom does the penbelong to
D.whomthe penbelong to
13。Could youtell mewhere _________?
A.the tapewas B。wasthe tapeC。the tapeis D.isthe tape
14。They want toknow_________?
A.whereis the hospitalB. howold areyou
C。when thetrain will leaveD。why is the boy crying