跨文化交际导论(英文版)(第二版) Chapter 1 Introduction to Intercultural Communication
Chapter 1 General Introduction
Chinese: “很对不起，给您添了不少麻烦。”（Sorry to have given you so much trouble.“ • American："Thank you for your help.” • If you are praised by someone else, what do you respond? • Chinese: “过奖，过奖。”或：“惭愧，惭愧。”（You are flattering me or I feel ashamed.) • American: “Thank you. "It doesn't mean American people
Exchanging information (or message) by means of medium.
Jim is a media buyer– the person whose job is to buy time or page from media to present his clients’ advertisements. The other day, Jim was trying to find a proper medium for an advertisement of a beer product.
a gift to another person, you may have different ways to introduce your gift based on the fact that you are a Chinese or you are an American. Please notice the difference in it.
Model of Communication
跨文化交际导论 第1章PPT课件
Intercultural Business Communication, 3rd ed., Chaney & Martin
1
Learning Objectives
F Define the term intercultural communication
9
Interregional communication
A northerner
A southerner
10
Communication between any two people may be regarded as intercultural communication
A B
11
Intercultural Communication as a Phenomenon
• It is a universal phenomenon. • It dates back to thousands of years
ago. • It is now a daily occurrence. • The importance of intercultural
communication has greatly increased
16
Intercultural Communication as a Discipline
• Culture and communication were studied separately until the 1960s.
• Edward Hall: The Silent Language published in 1959.
12
The importance of intercultural communication
跨文化交际导论(英文版)(第二版) Chapter 2 communication and culture
The Selected Scene ---Conflicts Across Border
Task:
(1) Is there an effective communication between Santiago and the police?
(2) What caused the conflicts between them and how to avoid such conflicts?
Decode
Physical
Message Channel
Channel Message Feedback
Encode Receiver
Encode
Reasons for Misunderstanding
Encoding & Decoding
Not all communication could
Section 2 1. Basics of Communication
Warm-up questions
What is communication? How would two people in love let each
other know about their feelings? How many Chinese words can you
通信
传通
1.1 Definition of Communication
Communication
Latin word “communicare”
Act and process of sending and receiving messages among people
Means of Communication
跨文化交际导论(英文版)(第二版) Chapter 1 Introduction to Intercultural Communication
(1) Intercultural communication (2) Cross-cultural communication (跨文 化传播) (3) International communication (4) Comparative mass communication (比较大众传播)
Core Content of ICC
(Rich and Gudykunst)
Interracial
International
Intercultural Communication
Interethnic
Intracultural
(Gudykunst and Hammer, 1987)
Four Categories of ICC
Question for Discussion:
1. Can you distinguish intercultural and crosscultural communication? Please give specific examples to illustrate international, interethnic, interracial communication. 2. Compare the core content of intercultural communication study as proposed by Rich and Gudykunst. 3. Please try to come up with at least 3 cases in your daily life to illustrate the features of intercultural communication phenomenon.
跨文化交际课件word版
Unit 1 introduction一．文化文化是冻结了的人际交流，而交流是流动着的文化----W.B. Pearce, 1994.背景：长期以来，文化被认为是无处不在，无所不包的人类知识和行为的总体。
被笼统地当作“生活方式”，社会生活的一切方面，积淀物，价值观念体系，众多规范，乃至艺术，政治，经济，教育，修养，文学，语言，思维的总和。
概括地讲，文化即是人们所思，所言，所为，所觉的总和。
在不同的生态或自然环境下，不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化，也被自己的文化所塑造。
It is said that there are at least 150 definitions about culture.“Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks”(Sapir, 1921)“Culture is man’s medium, there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture. This means personality, how people express themselves, including shows of emotion, the way they think, how they move, how problems are solved, how their cities are planned and laid out, how transportation systems function and are organized, as well as how economic and government systems are put together and fuction.” (E.T. Hall,1959)“A culture is a collection of beliefs, habits, living patterns, and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas” (D.Brown, 1978)文化的特性：1). 文化是由人们的内隐和外显行为组成的。
英语跨文化交际实用教程Unit_1
2) Why do you think the Japanese woman wrote, “My husband is not very handsome ”? a) The Japanese woman was trying to tell her American friend that she did not like her husband very much. b) It is uncommon in Japan to compliment one’s husband. c) The Japanese woman didn’t think her husband was handsome, but she liked his personality.
Stereotype Differences between Chinese and Western Cultures
Attitudes towards the Chinese People
Saving Face
Hardworking
Attitudes towards the Chinese People
What Is Culture?
Three Ingredients of Culture
artifacts concepts (beliefs, values, world views…)
behavior
e.g. Whereas money is considered an artifact, then value placed on it is a concept, the actual spending and saving of money is behavior.
Education
Cross-Cultural-Communication-Unit-1-4-跨文化交际
– Globalization has greatly increased the economic strength of many nations and bring people together from different cultures. However, it could resulting more competition for natural resources, international conflicts and security, environmental issues, and world health issues.
• Communication has a consequence
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
• Defining Communication: it's a dynamic process in which people attempts to share their internal states with other people through the use of symbols.
• Culture is integrated
• Culture is Ethnocentric
• Culture is adaptive
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
• Defining Culture: it's a set of human-made objectives and subjective elements that
跨文化交际导论Introduction
An Introduction to Intercultural Communication
1. Defining Our Terms 1.1 Definition of intercultural communication
▪ Intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture. More precisely, intercultural communication involves interaction between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. (Samovar et al. pp.9-10)
▪ In the United States, adult white males generally meet the requirements of dominance—and have since the establishment of this country.
1.3 Definition of co-culture
▪ In 1957, Robert Lado, the founder of contrastive linguistics in the United States of America, published his famous book Linguistics across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers, in which “across cultures” was first mentioned.
英语跨文化交际实用教程Unit-1(可直接使用).ppt
Never kiss parents
Fake goods everywhere
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Attitudes towards Westerners
Kiss and hug anytime and anywhere
Go Dutch
15
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Attitudes towards Westerners
3) To identify challenges that arise from these differences in intercultural interactions and learn ways to creatively address them.
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4) To acquire knowledge and develop skills that increase intercultural competence.
Young independent
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A farm family
A photo of Ba Jin’s Family
Insensitive to time
Tending to misunderstand
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Attitudes towards the Chinese People
Obey but not Follow
Being doubtful
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Attitudes towards the Chinese People
Catherine (an elderly American lady): Oh, I’m NOT old, and I’m NOT tired.
Chapter One
Changes in immigration patterns
the world’s population has continued to increase and shift As a result of population growth and immigration, contacts with new cultures or with cultures that previously appeared unfamiliar, alien, and at times mysterious are becoming a normal part of our day-today-today routine.
Chapter One Intercultural Communication: Interaction in a Changing World Importance of Intercultural Communication Studying Intercultural Communication Preview of the Book: What Lies Ahead Summary Activities Discussion Idehas further brought people together
As the economy has internationalized, foreign presence in China has increased; countless foreign firms operate in China. Simultaneously, the Chinese presence overseas increased dramatically. The interconnectedness of the global economy seems to become more apparent on a daily basis.
跨文化交际 (英文版)
The differences in body language between China and the United Stateslike verbal language, is also a part of culture .Different culture shavedifferent body languages except some world known ones. And in inter cultural communication, the same body language may mean different things.There I will introduce some basic examples, emphasizes the significance of body languages in interculturalcommunication by comparing the body la nguages in the United States and China.Ⅰ.Action is the same, Meaning is different⑴Index finger banging on the templesChinese meaning:Said people are trying to think, meditate.American meaning:Said the man crazy, spirit is not normal.⑵Prick up middlMiddle finger upChinese meaning: Don't have any special meaning.e fingerAmerican meaning: Is a very rude behavior⑶Make a fistChinese meaning: Show power or to try to do something.American meaning:Said Angry⑷Stamping feetChinese meaning: Angry; Angry; Lose heart; regretAmerican meaning: ImpatientⅡ. Meaning is the same, Action is different⑴Come hereChina's body language: Reach out to called people,and Palm down, a few fingers bend several times at the same time.Body language in the u.s. : To called people, palm up, clench fist with the index finger back and forth. (Chinese antipathy to this).⑵"A shame" ,“unabashed” (a joke)China's body language: Stretched out index finger, with your fingertips on his face a few strokes, like itching, but the fingers are straight Body language in the u.s. : Stretched out his hands index finger, palms down, wipe with a forefinger index finger on the back of another.⑶"I'm full." (after dinner)China's body language: With one hand or both hands gently patted his belly Body language in the u.s. : Place one hand on your throat, palms down, often say "here" at the same time.Not all of the examples here, but can explain the difference of body language, also understand the importance of body language in another language. In a sense, all body language should be put in specific situations to understand, otherwise,Ignoring the whole situation will happen misunderstanding.。
跨文化交际导论Chapter2第一部分
Answer the following questions:
1. In the movie, how many things did Sara do in order to test fate? And what are they?
What do you think of these behaviors?
main contents
functions of communication and culture; components of communication and culture; characteristics of communication and culture.
2012/8/18
How does communication work?
2012/8/18
Dou Weilin: Introduction to ICC
10
eight components in communication processes
Message sender/encoder Encoding (编码）(the sender’s process of putting a
2012/8/18
Dou Weilin: Introduction to ICC
3
How many Chinese words can you think of that are used to express communication?
Communication
交际
交流
交往
沟通
传播
通信
传通
2012/8/18
Sara: strongly believes in destiny (命运）
跨文化交际导论
Scholar’s definition
Edward Sapir : “Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. Language is a particular how of thought.” “Culture is the socially inherited assemblage of practices and beliefs that determines the texture of our lives.”
“culture” and “society”
A culture is the way of life of a nation, while a society is a community organized in accordance with a certain way of life. (Herskivits, 1945)
Approaches for examining a particular culture
1) Sense of Self and space. 2) Communication and language. 3) Dress and Appearance. 4) Food and feeding habits. 5) Time and Time Consciousness. 6) Relationships. 7) Values and Norms. 8)Beliefs and Attitudes. 9) Mental Process and Learning. 10) Work Habits and Practices.
跨文化交际课件第一章介绍Chapter One-An Introduction
• 11. A comparative study on Western painting/architecture and Chinese painting/architecture. 12. A Comparative study on Western clothes and Chinese clothes. 13. A Comparative study on school education in America and China. 14. A comparative study on family education in America and China. 15. A comparative study on freedom concept in America and China. 16. A comparative study on wedding customs among different countries. 17. A comparative study on Western advertising and Chinese advertising. 18. A comparative study on food culture. 19. A comparative study on wine culture. 20. A comparative study on journalism in America and China.
Warm-up Cases
Case 1 Showing Concern
• In the West: A: How are you doing now? Would you like to rest? B: No, not a bit.
Warm-up Cases
跨文化交际课件01new
Why? Why? Why? Why?
Warming-up
punctual Americans tend to be _________.
To the Arabians, ________________________ half an hour or 40 minutes late is acceptable.
B. Be fashionably late. D. About 5’－10’ earlier. The Chinese: B
Warming-up
Situation 4: Dr. Tom Divern from NY is practicing medicine in a rural area in Arab. His opening day was booked fully a week ago. But half an hour passed, neither of his first two patients arrived.
Warming-up
In the U.S., people tend to be 5’~10’ late (B) _____________.
In China, before 7:00 (A) close friends tend to arrive _______________， but acquaintances tend to arrive 5’~10’ earlier (D) _______________.
Warming-up
Situation 1: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in on her house.
跨文化交际英文版图文稿
跨文化交际英文版集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）C r o s s–c u l t u r a l c o m m u n i c a t i o nThesis statement: This paper is mainly talking about the culture differences between several countries.Outline:Chapter 1: Language and culture in communicationChapter2: Culture shockChapter3: What’s in a name?Chapter4: Social interactionChapter 5: Roles and relationsChapter6: Non-verbal communicationChapter 7: In other words.Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global VillageConclusionChapter 1: Language and culture in communication There is no denying the fact that out daily lives depend largely on communication, without it we can’t know each other. So, we should come to realize that communication is of great importance.What is communication?In total, communication can be divided into two parts; they are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. However,different people hold different opinions about communication.In general, if there is communication, there must have 4 cases: there are at least two or more people, some contact between communicators, a language shared by communicators, an exchangeof information has taken place. I just take the fist one for example. Suppose there is one person, there can’t be communication. Otherwise, he may talk to himself.Communication not just exist in human-beingsThere are five kinds of communications they are human communication, animal communication, human-animal communication, human machine communication, machine communication. So, Animals and machines can also communicate with each other.For human beings, how can we communicatewith each other?Experts say that there are various kinds of communication. Nowadays, there are different kinds of tools for us to communicate .For people we can use telephone and computer to communicate with each other. By them, finally we can receive message.What is social situationWhen there are two or more people gather to do a job or an activity, then it creates a social situation. That is to say, an individual working alone can not constitute a social sA social situation may have two definitions. One is given by the community, and the other by the participants. Finally, we should notice that being polite plays a crucial role in social situation.Chapter2: Culture shockWe should not only know what communication is but we should know what culture shock is.In contemporary society, as our country is developingfaster and faster, more and more foreigners will come to our country. Communicating with foreigners is an interesting thing. However, there is no doubt that it can easily cause misunderstanding which is called culture shock. There are several kinds of culture shock.Hospitality: First of all, in Britain, hospitality can not be judged by whether hosts put the food into your dishes, in there, everyone has own dishes, everyone helps themselves. By contrast, in our country, when we have guests, hosts may put the food into guest’s dishes to show thei r hospitality, sothis is different.Politeness: When it comes to this word, in many case, foreigners were described as being polite than Chinese. For example, when we finish work, foreigners may say thank you to us, although it is out duties. However, for Chinese, they seldom say thank you because they think someone who serves them are their duties.What’s more, when we get along with foreigners, we should avoid asking their salaries, jobs and religious and so on. For the young, it’s all right to ask thei r ages, for the adults, this question is not allowed, especially for the females. Butin china, these questions are allowed.In conclusion, when we face these culture shocks, it is better to keep a cool head, and then make an adjustment toward it, finally, we can cope with it. As time goes by, we can adapt it. For example, American Jewish and Israel, the two groups are equal and integration. Both groups have positive attitudes toward one another. So I am sure that after learning this unit, we can know a lot about culture shock and can easily communicate with foreigners.Chapter 3: What’s in a name?The topic of unit three is “what’s in a name?” As is known to all, the English name is different from the Chinesename .The Chinese name consists of family name and givenname ,with family name put first. But in contrast, the family name of English name is coming last. Most English people have three names. The last name , or surname is the familyname .This is the family name of the father and is given to all his children. And the first name is given to the child at birth, which is called “given name”. And another name used to referto them is Christian name.However, Chinese name can give all sorts of information about a Chinese people .they may give the address, thebirthday ,and also tell us about the family relationship, ethic groups, sex and the parents’ expectation for their children.At the same time, in Chinese the use of kin terms is closely related to age politeness, such as that children are expectedto call an old lady, Granny and call a male adult who is older than their fathers, elder uncle. The appropriate and extend use of kin term according to age is taken as reflecting good manners.Chapter4: Social interactionWhat is “social interaction”. It is the topic of unit four. Social interaction is an important way of human existence, and it is different from other animals’ communication. Andit’s meaningful. Different countries have different social interactions. Many Chinese people tend to ask age, marital status, and even salary when they meet each other first. To the Chinese people, these are open conversational topic. and Chinese people pay much attention to family life. So in their spare time, they will talk about the family member features as a common topic. It is so natural. And the salary is not a secret .and when a Chinese offers refreshments or drinks to his colleague, his colleague often declines the offer politely, because he don’t want to trouble the person who offers. And it also shows his politeness. But in western countries, if you ask the person who meet you first about these, they will feel so bad. They think it is not polite.Do you know how English native negotiate a time tomeet .from the text I know that you may find their way of settling on a time is quite similar to our own, that is , normally one gives or suggests a time, then the other may find it is not suitable and suggest another time, and finally a time is fixed which suits both.Consequently, you can know from above, different countries have different habits.Chapter 7: In other words.Different languages cause some misunderstandings There are many countries that their language is the same. such as America , British, Canada, Australia，and so on, they all speak English, people from America and British speak different varieties of English. They usually find little difficulty in understanding each other. However, there are some differences which may cause some misunderstanding, because of profusion of synonyms that they use different words to refer to the same thing. But for other countries which do not speak English they hardly understand the idioms, for example “face the music” in America it means to accept the criticisms, unpleasant consequences, etc . it probably comes from the custom in some Western armies of punishing soldiers to the sound of beating drums, if a person who is come from China may comprehend that enjoy himself by listening to music. on the contrary，they can not understand the meaning of Chinese idioms.There are some similar in languagesWith the exception, both English and Chinese have many such idioms that refer to animals, and some animals have similar associations in both cultures: deer, for example , are bloodthirsty and cruel, ect . But some other animals haverather different associations, like dogs, in the eyes ofEnglish-speaking people，dog is loyal ,but in the eyes of Chinese it aways contains derogatory sense are seen rather differently from the way appear to us. About proverb, since human experiences and observations of the world are in many respect similar. in spit of the dissimilar cultural backgrounds of the Chinese and the English-speaking peoples, the number of proverbs or saying in two language that are equivalent or closely approximate is rather surprising.Swearwords is the taboo for every countries Every language contains a special group of taboo words which people avoid using because they find them embarrassing or offensive. In many languages, swearwords are taboo, this is generally true of both English and Chinese. In English, certain swearwords seem to be more offensive than others and consequently the social prohibition against their use is stricter.Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global VillageAnimals might have astonishing ways of showingtheir emotions and feelings.This unit takes us back in to history, inviting us to reflect upon how man has extended his limbs and senses by using newtechnologies. Nowadays, the technologies are so advanced that communication over long distance can be done in a split of a second. People all over the world are living, quite literally,in a global village. In the textbook, we have learned that animals might have astonishing ways of showing their emotionsand feelings. The way different kinds of animals behave, have fascinated great minds since Plato and AristotleCommunication is covering everywhereOne point that is beyond doubt is that our ancestorswere extremely handicapped --- in comparison with us now --- in communication. From the Stone Age, to the present day, over2,000,000 years, man has done his best to extend himself inorder to improve his way of communication. Writing, printing technology, postal services, telegraph, telephone, radio,picture communication, television, computer and laser technology, internet --- these have extended man’s mouth, eyes, ears, hands, legs, in short the whole body beyond a house, a village, a county, a province, a country, an ocean, a continent, and even beyond the mother earth to the moon and the Mars.Going global is great, but an entirely different tone was heard: Globalization is a menace to mankind. Globalization will makethe powers more powerful but the weak is weaker and the poor is poorer.ConclusionDifferent countries have their own cultures, so it causes the different cultures .Consequently, sometimes the people come from different places may cause some misunderstandings. After learning this textbook we can getalong well with people all over the world.Finally, through this paper, we can learn more knowledge.。
跨文化交际导论(英文版)(第二版) Chapter 11 mass media
To judge whether a device serves mass communication purposes or not, it is always essential to look at whether it is used to communicate a message to a large group, especially simultaneously.
Magazines
Radio
Newspapers
Mass media
Television
Internet
…
Mobile devices
Can you think of other new media recently developed?
What are advantages of Micro blogs compared with traditional media?
The term mass media refers collectively to all media technologies, including newspapers, magazines, radio, television and Internet, which are used for mass communication purposes, and to the organizations in control of these technologies.
大学跨文化交际Unit_1_introduction
2
Course expectations/tasks
1. preview the text:looking up the new
words and expressions before class; prepare what the teacher has asked you to do 2. take an active part in class discussions and performances.
22
Fish Swimming in Water
The same is true for us. Our culture is so much a part of who we are and what the world is like for us that we do not notice it. We take it for granted.
4natureoffriendshiporderingoftimeconceptofselfpreferenceforcompetitionorcooperationbodylanguagenotionsaboutlogicandvaliditypatternsofhandlingemotionssubjectiveculture17culturaliceberg1美术文学戏剧古典音乐流行隐喻民间舞蹈饮食服饰2目光语境谈话方式社交频率面部表情1谦虚观念美的概念子女抚养标准与动物的关系2上下级关系模式罪恶的定义求爱方式工作的积极性友谊的性质对领导的看法工作节奏集体决策3整洁的概念对依赖的态度疾病理论解决问题方法地位变化看法因年龄性别阶级职业亲属关系等社会地位的称谓4朋友的意义时间观念对个人的看法对竞争和合作的偏爱肢体语言对逻辑和信度的概念控制情感的模式1谦虚观念美的概念子女抚养标准与动物的关系2上下级关系模式罪恶的定义求爱方式工作的积极性友谊的性质对领导的看法工作节奏集体决策3整洁的概念对依赖的态度疾病理论解决问题方法地位变化看法因年龄性别阶级职业亲属关系等社会地位的称谓4朋友的意义时间观念对个人的看法对竞争和合作的偏爱肢体语言对逻辑和信度的概念控制情感的模式182
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Defining Intercultural Communication
International Communication
Chinese Chairman
American President
Defining Intercultural Communication
Interracial Communication
Chapter 1
Introduction to ICC
Learning Objectives
Define intercultural communication. Understand the importance of
intercultural communication. Briefly describe the developmental
Five Forms of ICC
(Rich ,1974)
(1) Intercultural communication (2) International communication (国际间
传播) (3) Interracial communication (种族间传
播)
(4) Interethnic or minority communication (少数民族间传播)
Four Categories of ICC
(Gudykunst and Hammer, 1987)
(1) Intercultural communication (2) Cross-cultural communication (跨文
化传播) (3) International communication (4) Comparative mass communication
(比较大众传播)
Question for Discussion:
1. Can you distinguish intercultural and crosscultural communication? Please give specific examples to illustrate international, interethnic, interracial communication.
Section 1 Warm-up Intercultural movie
Rush Hour《尖峰时刻》
Expressing emotions Laws and investigations Way of interacting with other people Assumptions toward other cultures Cultural stereotypes Attitudes to illegal drugs Language
the Selected Scene—Carter Picks up Lee at the Airport
Task:
the cultural clashes between China and the U.S. in the ways that the two detectives behave at their first meeting.
Section 2
1. Definition of Intercultural Communication
What is “intercultural communication”?
When did the study of intercultural communication start and how did it develop?
study of intercultural communication. Explain the complexity involved with
intercultural communication, especially cultural shock. Be aware of the challenges in crosscultural adaptation.
(5) Contracultural communication (逆向 传播)
Core Content of ICC
(Rich and Gudykunst)
Interracial
International Intercultural
Interethnic
Communication
Intracultural
Why do we need to study intercultural communication?
How can we study intion of Intercultural Communication
Intercultural communication (ICC] is the term first used by Edward T. Hall in 1959 and is simply defined as interpersonal communication between members of different cultures.
Afro-American
White American
Defining Intercultural Communication
2. Compare the core content of intercultural communication study as proposed by Rich and Gudykunst.
3. Please try to come up with at least 3 cases in your daily life to illustrate the features of intercultural communication phenomenon.