The Hundred Year's War 英法百年战争
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第4章 15世纪(1400～1550)【圣才出品】
第4章15世纪(1400～1550)4.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) The Hundred Years’ War（百年战争）The Hundred Years’War continued and in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt King Henry Ⅴ (1413～1422) defeated the French army and claimed himself the heir to the French throne.百年战争还在持续，在1415年的阿金库尔战役中，亨利5世（1413～1422）战胜了法国军队，并宣布自己是法国的继承者。
(2) The War of the Roses (1455～1485)（玫瑰战争）The War of the Roses, or the Thirty Years’ War, was a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. It lasted for thirty years until King Henry Ⅶ defeated Richard Ⅲ(1483～1485) at the Battle of Bosworth and ended the civil war.玫瑰战争，又叫三十年战争，是发生在两个家族之间的一系列内战，他们都宣称自己有权统治英国。
它持续了30年，直到亨利7世在博斯沃思战争（1483～1485）中打败理查德3世，内战宣告结束。
(3) The discovery of America and the new sea routes（美洲大陆和新航海线路的发现）In 1492, a Genoese mariner, Christopher Columbus (ca.1436～1506) who believed that he could reach India by sailing west, landed in America with thesupport of the Spanish sovereigns Ferdinand and Isabella.1492年，热那亚水手克里斯托弗·哥伦布相信只要一直向西航行就能到达印度，在费迪南和伊莎贝拉的支持下，他登上了美洲大陆。
The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
➢ It was a disaster for the people.Both of their economy was deeply damaged,so the people in the two countries lived in dire poverty.
➢The war in one hundred, crying in one hundred.
➢ From 1380 to 1415, France was in prolonged instability and its industry and commerce declined seriously.
➢ The war stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it awakened French nationalism.
➢ 贞德原本是一位法国农村少女，她声称在十六岁 时的一日，在村后的大树下遇见天使圣弥额尔、 圣玛加利大和圣加大肋纳，从而得到“上帝的启 示”，要求她带兵收复当时由英格兰人占领的法 国失地。后来她几番转折，得到兵权，于1429年 解奥尔良之围，成为了闻名法国的女英雄，后带 兵多次打败英格兰的侵略者，更促使拥有王位承 继权的查理七世于同年7月16日得以加冕。然而 圣女贞德于1430年在贡比涅一次小冲突中为勃艮 第公国所俘，不久为英格兰人以重金购去，由英 格兰当局控制下的宗教裁判所以异端和女巫罪判 处她火刑，于1431年5月30日在法国鲁昂当众处 死。20年后英格兰军队被彻底逐出法国时，贞德 年老的母亲说服教宗卡利克斯特三世重新审判贞 德的案子，最终于1456年为她平反。500年后被 梵蒂冈封圣。
➢ Hauberk (锁子甲） in Europe had more than one thousand years history. Early in the war, it was still the best protective equipment .But later ， plate armor（板甲） greatly enhance protection.
综合案例TermListTheHundredYearsWar百年战争（即是指英国和
综合案例TermListTheHundredYearsWar百年战争（即是指英国和综合案例Term ListThe Hundred Years’ War百年战争（即是指英国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮第，于1337年- 1453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
）Wars of the Roses玫瑰战争（即英国兰开斯特王朝（House of Lancaster）和约克王朝(House of York)的支持者之间为了争夺英格兰王位的断续内战。
）The “Babylonian Captivity”“巴比伦之囚”（即公元前597～前538年期间，两度被新巴比伦王国国王尼布甲尼撒二世征服的犹太王国，大批民众、工匠、祭司和王室成员被掳往巴比伦，这些人称为巴比伦之囚。
）The Great Schism大分裂（意大利人对教廷迁往亚威农之事，非常不悦，他们欲使罗马再度变成为教皇宝座所在地。
结果于公元1378年，意大利与法国公开断绝关系，双方各选出一位教皇；于是出现了两位教皇，一位在罗马，一位在亚威农；这段时期(公元1378至1417年)被称为「大分裂」时期。
）Lollard罗拉德派（即中世纪晚期英格兰威克利夫的追随者。
这个贬称（源自中部丹麦，意思是「说话含糊不清的人」）更早用于被怀疑为异教徒的欧洲群体。
）Hussites胡斯派（即15世纪早期捷克宗教改革运动，因其发动者胡斯得名。
胡斯运动主要有两大派，塔波尔派，以及圣杯派。
胡斯运动的残余成员后来组成波希米亚弟兄会，成为一个长期活动的教派。
The Renaissance popes文艺复兴时期（文艺复兴是指13世纪末在意大利各城市兴起，以后扩展到西欧各国，于16世纪在欧洲盛行的一场思想文化运动，带来一段科学与艺术革命时期，揭开了近代欧洲历史的序幕，被认为是中古时代和近代的分界。
）Austria18世纪初，哈布斯堡王朝领土空前扩大。
1815年维也纳会议后成立了以奥为首的德意志邦联，1866年在普奥战争中失败，邦联解散。
英法百年战争英文PPT
The Europe in the eyes of the British
The Europe in the eyes of the Franch
map:
Battle of Agincourt, England aligned with Burgundy,invaded almost all the north of France 141 5 England attacked Orleans, France was in danger,French people fight aginst the invaters,It become a national liberation movement 142 0 Treaty of Troyes, France had become part oBritish Commonwealthf 142 8 142 9 Jeanne d'Arc appeared,lead the army ,got a lot of victories, Charlie VII crowned Jeanne d'Arc was betrayed ,under the plot of England,she was burnt to death.
St. George's Cross flag
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king
Edward III
In 1337,he declared himself as the king of france,so Philippe VI determined to recover the whole territory of England in France,and the war began.
英法百年战争英文版介绍
Jeanne whment
Influnence
The victory of the war promoted the the unity of France and laid the foundation for the expansion in europe.at the same time ,the Nationalism of was built and imposed the policy of banlancing power on the European continent.then The Kingdom of England switched its focus to overseas and became the biggest empire in the world .
Thank you！
• Background
The source is in the region Flanders(法兰德斯).At that time,Flanders is a famous industry advanced area of Europe.The businessmen of Flanders wanted to escape from the control of the emperor of France.But they daren't to be rebels,so they thought out a good idea,they issued that the emperor of England is the feudal lord(领 主)of France.Because England had a part of French land,so they could say they were English people.And just because of Flemish(法兰德斯人 的)statement,England and France began the war that lasted for one hundred years.
浅论英法百年战争爆发的原因2.1
浅论英法百年战争爆发的原因百年战争（Hundred Y ears' War）是指英国和法国，于1337-453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
英法两国的战争行动从1337年11月开始，到1338年才正式宣战。
以法王宣布没收爱德华在法国的领地，并出兵包围基恩为开始。
以1453年，英军被法国军民驱赶出去，只控制加莱港一地为结束。
要了解英法百年战争，就要首先了解西欧的封建制度。
在西欧封建制度下，西欧封建主之间普遍结成封君封臣关系。
封臣对封君承担义务，概括来说，分为三项：其一是效忠，不能做危害封君的事；其二是帮助，这是最主要、最重要的义务，包括为封君服兵役、提供协助金和物资；其三是劝告，有义务出席封君召集的会议，提出意见帮助封君，会议兼有封君法庭和封建议事会的性质，审理的案件主要是封臣之间或封臣与封君之间发生的纠纷。
封君对封臣也有义务，主要是保护和维持封臣，不得伤害后者的荣誉、财产和生命。
10世纪后，封土与封臣制紧密结合，封土的领有是世袭的，封臣死后，其子为继续领有封土需重新向封君行臣服礼，所以事实上，封君封臣关系是世袭的，这种关系一经缔结无论是封君还是封臣都不能随意解除。
其次，要了解英法两国的历史渊源。
911年时，西法兰克王查理三世将今法国诺曼底半岛一带封给诺曼人首领罗伦，建立诺曼底公国。
1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉成为英国国王，自此历代英国国王都享受了海峡群岛的统治权。
诺曼底公国从封建义务上是法国的附庸，但是当时英国国王兼任诺曼底公爵，法王与英王之间形成了封君封臣关系，在封建义礼上说，英王九应该臣服于法王，这就为英法百年战争埋下了伏笔。
征服者威廉的儿子亨利一世统治时(1100-1135年)，首先夺取了诺曼底公国，使他与法国卡佩王朝的矛盾益趋激化。
1154年，亨利外孙安茹伯爵继位，是为亨利二世，金雀花王朝统治开始。
亨利二是从父母继承的领土有英格兰、诺曼底、安茹、曼恩、屠棱；由于同阿奎丹女继承人埃莉娜结婚又取得了普瓦都、阿奎丹、加斯科尼，后来在1169年又取得了布列塔尼。
The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
The Hundred Years’ War between England andFranceIn 1328, the Capetian dynasty in France came to an end with the death of Charles IV, the son of Philip the Fair. An assembly of French barons gave the crown to Philip VI of Valois, the nephew of Philip the Fair.Causes of the Hundred Years WarEdward III, king of England, asserted that he in fact had a superior claimed to the throne because his mother was Philip the Fair's daughter. This, then, was one of the primary causes of the Hundred Years' War. Another cause of the Hundred Years' War was clearly economic conflict. The French monarchy tried to squeeze new taxes from towns in northern Europe which had grown wealthy as trade and cloth-making centers. Dependent as they were on English wool, these towns through their support behind English and Edward III.The Hundred Years War and the MercenariesTo make matters worse, war had become a more expensive proposition in the 14th century. Larger, healthier and better-trained armies were needed. Most governments began to rely on paid mercenaries to do their fighting for them. The problem with mercenaries is that they were expensive to obtain an even more expensive to retain. More often than not, the mercenary had no allegiance to anyone king and fought for the highest bidder. Furthermore, mercenaries were a competitive and quarrelsome lot. The Hundred Years War - the TaxesTo counteract the high price of war, European monarchs imposed even more taxes upon the people. The French were most adept at this: there were taxes on salt, bread, and wine as well as taxes on the rights to use wine presses, grindstones and mills. And of course, there was the poll tax.The Hundred Years War - the FactionsThe last cause of the Hundred Years' War was factional conflict. By the 14th century the European nobility had become diluted with men who had entered the nobility not because they had a claim by virtue of birth but because of their wealth. Meanwhile, the older nobility was losing income due to declining rents. Many older nobles joined forces with mercenaries in order to maintain their position and status. Other nobles married into wealthy families while still others tried to improve their situation by the buying and selling of royal offices. What all this boiled down to was conflict. Nobles tended to join factions united against other factions. These factions included a greatfamily, their knights, servants and even workers and peasants on the manorial estate. They had their own small armies, loyalties and even symbols of allegiance. The bottom line is that these factions were beginning to form small states within a state and contributed not only to the overall violence of the 14th century but also to the need of monarchs to keep their nobility under constant surveillance. This explains why Louis XIV, the Sun King, housed his nobility at Versailles -- it was so he could keep an eye on them.The Hundred Years War - AquitaineThe most pressing issue during the Hundred Years' War was the status of Aquitaine, a large province in south western France. According to feudal law, Edward III held Aquitaine as part of his fiefdom. Philip attacked this territory, claiming it was rightfully his. Edward's response was to join forces with the Flemish in 1337 and this was the principal cause of the war.The Hundred Years WarThe war, fought entirely on French soil, raged off and on for more than 100 years. English victories were followed by French victories, then a period of stalemate would ensue, until the conflicts again rose to the surface. During periods of truce, English and French soldiers -- most of whom were mercenaries -- would roam the French countryside killing and stealing. After the battle of Agincourt in 1415, won by the English under Henry V, the English controlled most of northern France. It appeared that England would shortly conquer France and unite the two countries under one crown. At this crucial moment in French history, a young and illiterate peasant girl, Joan of Arc (c.1412-1431), helped to rescue France.The One Hundred Years War and Joan of ArcAt the age of 13 Joan believed she had heard the voices of St. Michael, St. Catherine and St. Margaret bidding her to rescue the French people. Believing that God had commanded her to drive the English out of France, Joan rallied the demoralized French troops, leading them in battle. Clad in a suit of white armor and flying her own standard she liberated France from the English at the battle of Orleans. Ultimately captured and imprisoned by the English, Joan of Arc was condemned as a heretic and a witch and stood trial before the Inquisition in 1431. Joan was found guilty and was to be burnt at the stake but at the last moment she broke down and recanted everything. She eventually broke down again and faithful to her "voices," decided to become a martyr and was then burnt at the stake and became a national hero.。
新编英法百年战争
What is the Black Death about?
➢The Black Death was during Edward III period. It was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D. , a great plague swept(鼠疫)over Europe. One third of the European died.
The Huanr dred Years’ War
Henry Ⅴ
The four famous battles:
Main Events
Edward III Black Death
(1348-49)
Richard II The
Peasant Uprising
Henry V Recognized to
Definition
• A series of wars fought between England and France from 1337 to 1453 that resulted in the final expulsion of the English from all French territories except Calais. It is the longest war in the world. During this period, many new tactics and weapons have developed quickly.
bourgeoisie grew rapidly.
英法百年战争名词解释
英法百年战争名词解释百年战争是指从1337年到1453年，持续了116年的一系列英法之间的战争。
这场战争在欧洲历史上具有重要意义，对于英法两国的政治、军事、经济等方面都产生了深远的影响。
以下是一些与百年战争相关的关键名词解释。
1. 百年战争（The Hundred Years' War）：指英法之间持续了116年的一系列战争。
这场战争的原因复杂，包括领土争端、王位继承问题和经济竞争等。
2. 爱德华三世（Edward III）：英国国王，被认为是百年战争的发起者。
他于1337年开始对法国的领土采取军事行动，宣称对法国王位有权利。
3. 克雷西战役（Battle of Crécy）：1346年，英军在法国克雷西战胜了法军的重要战役。
这场战役展示了英军的新型长弓的效力，对中世纪战争方式产生了巨大影响。
4. 平金战役（Battle of Poitiers）：1356年，爱德华黑太子在法国平金战胜了法国国王、被俘的约翰二世。
这场战役使得英军在战争中取得了重大优势。
5. 查理七世（Charles VII）：法国国王，他领导法国反抗英军的斗争，并在战争后期取得了重要的胜利。
6. 烧毁巴黎（Burned Paris）：在1429年，法国女将军神聖聖女貞德（Joan of Arc）领导的军队解围奥尔良后，进军巴黎。
然而，计划最终失败，巴黎被法国人自己放火烧毁。
7. 伊利亚的缪斯（The Muse of Rivalry）：这是一幅描绘了百年战争期间英法两国之间竞争的画作。
它展示了英法两国之间的英勇斗争和残酷战争的场景。
8. 十字军战争（Crusades）：百年战争期间，英法两国之间的战争被一些人称为十四世纪的持续的十字军战争。
这是因为战争开始时，许多英军被称为“圣战士”。
9. 卢瓦尔河（Loire River）：位于法国的卢瓦尔河是百年战争战略上重要的地理要素。
许多重要的战役都是在卢瓦尔河流域进行的。
unit 5 The Hundred Years' War 英国百年战争PPT课件
Medieval Art & the Plague
Bring out your dead!
The Black Death
The deadly plague
The
The demand The Statute
shortage of for higher of Labors/
manpower
wages
You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be
谢谢你的到来
学习并没有结束，希望大家继续努力
Learning Is Not Over. I Hope You Will Continue To Work Hard
演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
Poll tax
Peasant’s uprising
Compelled Prohibit Be exempt from Concession In failure
Key words in Unit 5
写在最后
经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量 Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More
7
English and French soldiers engaged in heavy fighting during the Battle of Agincourt on October 25, 1415.
8
Significances of the War
1. The ruling Normans began to regard England as their home. The national identity began to take shape.
Hundred Years' War ppt
2
名称：Hundred Years' War 地点：法国和低地国家 时间：1337年－1453年 参战方：法国、苏格兰；英格兰、勃艮第 结果：法国胜利 主要指挥官：圣女贞德；亨利六世 影响：法国夺回被英格兰控制的领地 时间：持续116年
3
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kings of France and the Kings of England and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. The House of Valoiscontrolled France in the wake of the House of Capet; a Capetian cadet branch, the Valois claimed the throne under Salic Law. This was contested by the House of Plantagenet, the Angevin family that had ruled England since 1154, who claimed the throne of France through the 1308 marriage of Edward II of England and Isabella of France.
The Hundred Years War
The Hundred Y ears WarThe Hundred Y ears War was a series of wars between England and France. The background of the Hundred Y ears War went as far back as to the reign of William the Conqueror. When William the Conqueror became king in 1066 after his victory at the Battle of Hastings, he united England with Normandy in France. William ruled both as his own.Under Henry II, the lands owned by England in France became even larger and the kings who followed Henry found the land they owned in France too large and difficult to control. By 1327, when Edward III became king, England only controlled two areas of France - Gascony in the south and Ponthieu in the north.In 1328, Charles IV of France died. Charles did not have any sons to take over his land and all his brothers were dead. He did have a sister called Isabella. She was the mother of Edward III and Edward believed that because of this, he should be king of France. However, the French decided that a cousin of Charles, Philip, should be crowned king.Edwar d was furious but he was not in a position to do anything in the late 1320’s. By 1337 he was ready to fight for what he believed was his and he declared war on Philip. Edward was not only willing to fight for what he believed was his - the crown of France - but also he feared that Philip was a threat to his possessions in France - Gascony and Ponthieu.Edward now had to raise an army. There were men who looked forward to fighting abroad in an army as it gave them the opportunity to plunder treasure and bring things back to England which could make them rich. However, many men were not keen on fighting as they were usually more concerned about farming. A war in the autumn could be a disaster as this was harvest time.The feudal system meant that knights had to provide the king with soldiers when the king demanded them. However, war had moved on from the time of the Battle of Hastings and the longbow was now the most feared of weapons and not the knight on horseback. The king's officials went around England looking for skilled archers. All young men in medieval villages were expected to practice archery so there were many skilled archers to be found. It was left to a village to decide who would actually go to fight but the village as a whole would have to look after the family or families affected by someone leaving. Those who went were paid three pence a day.Armies were very expensive. Fighting abroad made them even more expensive to run. This problem could be got around by making a local area in France, which was under your control, pay a 'tribune' to you. This would keep your costs down. In return for paying a tribune, the area concerned was given a promise that the troops there would behave themselves and would not damage homes, steal crops and kill animals. In this sense, paying a tribune was similar to buying protection.百年战争百年战争是一系列英国和法国之间的战争。
百年战争名词解释
百年战争名词解释百年战争是指发生在14世纪至15世纪之间的一系列战争，主要涉及英格兰和法兰西王国之间的冲突。
以下是对百年战争中一些重要名词的解释。
1. 百年战争（The Hundred Years' War）：指从1337年至1453年的一系列战争，是英法两国之间为争夺领土、财富和权力而进行的长期冲突。
2. 普瓦捷战役（Battle of Poitiers）：发生在1356年的一场战役，英格兰军队在该战役中击败了法国军队，法国国王约翰二世被俘，这场战役成为百年战争的重要转折点。
3. 廷西条约（Treaty of Troyes）：签订于1420年的一项条约，通过这项条约，英格兰国王亨利五世娶了法国国王查理六世的女儿凯瑟琳，被立为法国王位的继承人。
4. 火枪（Arquebus）：16世纪初出现的早期火器，使用火药发射铅弹，对百年战争的战争方式和结果产生了深远影响。
5. 皮卡第家族（House of Plantagenet）：英格兰最重要的王朝之一，该家族在百年战争期间统治了英格兰，并为战争的发展做出了重要贡献。
6. 维尔兰战役（Battle of Verneuil）：发生于1424年的一场战役，英格兰军队在战役中击败了法国军队，这场胜利巩固了英格兰的在法国的统治地位。
7. 瓦莴战役（Battle of Agincourt）：发生于1415年的一场战役，英格兰军队在战役中以少败多，击败了法国军队，成为百年战争期间英格兰的一次重要胜利。
8. 紡织业（Textile industry）：百年战争期间，英格兰的织布业取得了显著发展，这一发展为战争提供了大量的财富和资源。
9. 长弓（Longbow）：英格兰军队在战争中广泛使用的一种特殊弓箭，长弓的射程和穿透力超过了当时的其他武器，对战局起到了重要作用。
10. 亚奎波特战役（Battle of Agincourt）：发生于1415年的一场战役，英格兰军队在战役中以少败多，击败了法国军队，成为百年战争期间英格兰的一次重要胜利。
Hundred Year's War 英法百年战争
•
第四阶段
(1429年 - 145各方纷纷反抗，游击队经常 捉拿英格兰的征税者，牵制英军部队，帮助法军很大。
• 1428年10月，英军和勃艮地派包围了奥尔良，法军严重不利。 此时法国出现一位传颂后世的救星圣女贞德，指挥法军于1429年5月 败英格兰，奥尔良解围，赢得重大胜利，扭转了整个战局。 才19岁的圣女贞德不久便被英军捉住，1431年以女巫罪处死。这激起 国的民族义愤，助使法军作出大反攻。1437年，法军光复首都巴黎。 • • • 1441年，收复香槟地区。 1450年，解放曼恩和诺曼底。 1453年，夺回吉耶讷。
• 然而，英法的亨利五世和查理六世却于1422年同年去逝。 两方新王亨利六世和查理七世为争夺法国王位，再度交火。 百年战争进入第四阶段。
阿金库尔战役
Battle of Agincourt
1415年10月25日
• 英军一个月前刚刚经过哈福娄围攻战，伤亡达4000人。英王亨利五世不得不率领剩下 的5000长弓手和900骑兵撤退。法军起先避免与英军接触，但当英军吃光了随军带的1 星期的干粮而不得不靠劫掠和野果来充饥时，法国人大概认为时机有利，无数大大小 小的法国贵族都带着一支队伍加入法军想捡个便宜。这使法军拥有数量上的绝对优势 而缺乏有效的最高指挥。法军在阿金库尔堵住了英军北撤之路，英王亨利五世前一天 的求和被拒绝，只有靠一战来冲出一条路了。 亨利命令英军向前推进，两翼紧靠树林，英军整齐地缓缓推进到距法军250米（长弓有 效射程）的距离上停下，每个长弓手都将准备好的两头削尖的木桩插入脚下的泥沼地 中，让另一尖端斜向着法军方向。随着亨利一声令下，英国长弓手发出了第一次齐射， 天空立即被密密麻麻的箭簇所覆盖而法国人遭到了一阵箭雨的袭击。如梦初醒般，法 军第一线开始向英军冲击。法军两翼的重骑兵本应迂回攻击英军的侧翼，但因为两侧 的树林不得不正面冲击英军两翼的长弓阵地。法军骑兵遭到了很大损失，少数冲到英 军阵前也无力突破拒马，不得不在退却中承受更多的穿甲箭攻击。失去了主人的受伤 或受惊的战马在战场上乱跑，冲乱了随后冲上来的法军一线步兵。尽管法军第一波冲 击使英军少许后退，但英军很快重新拉直了队伍与法军搏斗。混乱得法军更像是集体 冲向一场大屠杀，无数法国贵族就此倒下或被俘。法军弓弩和火炮由于两军交错而无 法射击，很多人实际上整场战役一箭未发。法军尸体堆积如山，二三线的法军见此情 景都被吓得逃出了战场，以至当法军第三线骑兵开始冲锋时仅剩下了600人。半小时英 军就取得了决定性的胜利。亨利下了一道不寻常的命令结束了这场战役，英军处死了 所有的法军俘虏。此战法军损失过万，仅大大小小的贵族就战死了5000多。英军最大 的损失是战死的约克公爵，其他损失不过是十余名骑士和100余长弓手。
英法百年战争原因是什么
英法百年战争原因是什么百年战争(Hundred Years' War)是指英国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮第，于1337年- 1453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
下面是店铺分享的英法百年战争原因，一起来看看吧。
英法百年战争爆发的原因分析英法百年战争原因错综复杂，包含国家间政治、经济、社会、国际关系等各种因素。
尽管通常认为百年战争始于1337年，但在此之前法国和英国早已累积多年恩怨。
比如说政治使王朝继承问题变得更加复杂。
当时腓力决定继续皇室的扩张政策并继续加强中央集权。
此次集权行动的特别之处在于，腓力想把王权控制的地区扩展到阿基坦地区，而这一地区却是爱德华在法国的主要领地。
爱德华作为阿基坦公爵和腓力六世治下的王侯，享有既持有公爵领地，又不受制于法王的独立地位。
腓力和爱德华都没考虑过向对方妥协，事实上，作为真正的中世纪骑士，他们都有打一场骑士战争的想法。
1337年，腓力向爱德华提出收回阿基坦领土的要求，从此触发持续一个多世纪的英法战争。
对腓力的领土要求，爱德华断然拒绝，并对腓力展开咄咄逼人的攻势。
不过也许更为重要的是，英法百年战争原因中经济原因是致命原因。
英国的经济命脉和皇家国库的正常运转在很大程度上依赖羊毛贸易。
中世纪后期，佛兰德斯是羊毛贸易中心。
生产羊毛的英国人在这里卖羊毛，而大部分由这些羊毛制成的商品则取原道返回英国。
然而，法国王侯自然希望独享佛兰德斯的财富，同时也可以一举两得地损害他们的老对手英国人的经济利益，以上便是对英法百年战争原因的介绍。
英法百年战争导火索是什么英法百年战争开始于1337年，终止于1453年，是历史上交战时间最长的战争。
这场战争给双方的国家和人民都带来了巨大的灾难。
那么英法百年战争是怎样开始的呢?英法百年战争导火索又是什么呢?在英法百年战争爆发之前，双方就在各个方面产生着摩擦。
在政治上，法王腓力要进行皇室政权的扩张，想要占领的地区是阿基坦，可是该区域正好被英王爱德华占领，该区域因为历史原因也不受制于法王，所以当法王想要占领时英王并不同意。
百年战争的英语名词解释
百年战争的英语名词解释百年战争（The Hundred Years' War）指的是英国和法国之间从1337年持续到1453年的一系列冲突和争斗。
尽管战争并非持续一百年，但这个名字被广泛使用来描述这段时期的英法交战。
这场战争对于英法两国和整个欧洲历史都有着深远的影响。
下面将对百年战争涉及到的几个英语名词进行详细解释。
1. The Hundred Years' War（百年战争）百年战争这个名词源于英国历史学家J.F.伯秩兹（J.F. Béthune）在1823年出版的《百年战争史》（Histoire de la Guerre de Cent Ans）一书中首次提及。
它指的是英国和法国之间的一系列冲突和战争，尽管实际上并不是连续一百年的持续战争。
这段时期的冲突造成了严重的破坏和人员伤亡，有时甚至卷入了其他欧洲国家。
2. The Treaty of Paris（巴黎条约）百年战争于1453年结束，当时法国国王查理七世（Charles VII）成功推翻了英国在法国的殖民统治。
作为结束战争的结果，法国与英国签署了巴黎条约。
巴黎条约确认了法国对英格兰殖民在法国的所有权益的恢复，并且规定了英国军队在法国领土上的撤离。
此条约标志着英国在法国的统治的宣告结束，巴黎条约也被认为是百年战争正式结束的标志。
3. Joan of Arc（圣女贞德）圣女贞德是百年战争中的一个重要人物，她是法国的国民英雄。
据传，贞德声称听到天使的指示，要帮助法国国王查理七世夺回英国的殖民地。
她鼓舞着法国军队，在军事行动中发挥了重要作用，并最终帮助法国捍卫了国土。
然而，贞德最终在1431年被英格兰支持的法国贵族联盟以对她的指控进行审判，并被判定为异端罪，被火刑处死。
4. Longbow（长弓）在百年战争中，英军采用了一种特殊的武器——长弓，成为他们的主要战术之一。
长弓是一种强力弓弩，由大胆和经验丰富的弓箭手使用。
它的射程和杀伤力远远超过其他武器，使英军能够对法军发起强有力的远程攻击。
The Hundred Year’s War
What is the Hundred Year’s War
• 百年战争(Hundred Years‘ War)是指英 • 国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮第，于 1337年 - 1453年间的战争，是世界最 长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年， 百年战争中，发展出不少新战术和武器。 • The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French • throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. The House of Valois claimed the title of King of France, while the Plantagenets claimed the thrones of both France and England. The Plantagenet kings were the 12th-century rulers of the kingdom of England, and had their roots in the French regions of Anjou and Normandy. House of Valois:瓦王朝 瓦王朝
•
House of Plantagenet：金雀花王朝 金雀花王朝
House of Anjou:安茄家族 安茄家族
英美文化-百年战争
百年战争引言Hundred Years' War是指英国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮地，于1337年至1453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
14世纪，法国人试图把英国人赶出法国的西南部，从而统一法国。
英国当然不愿退出，并欲夺回祖先的土地如诺曼底、曼恩、安茹等。
当时英法两国因为贸易利益的关系，均对佛兰德斯做出争夺，使它们之间的冲突加深。
战争的导火线是英王爱德华三世乘法国卡佩王朝绝嗣之际，欲以近亲的关系继承法国王位，但最后却由腓力六世所获得，因此爱德华三世对法国宣战，以夺取法国王位。
当时神圣罗马帝国的诸侯和佛兰德斯站在英国一方，而苏格兰和罗马教皇则支持法国。
百年战争依局势的转变，大致可分为四个阶段。
The Hundred Years' War refers to the war Between Britain and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453, is the world's longest war. In 14th Century, in order to unify the French, the French tried to put the British out of southwestern France. The British certainly do not want to quit, and tried to regain their ancestral lands, such as Normandy, Anjou, Maine. At that time, Britain and France because of the relationship between trade interests, were made for Flanders, the conflict between them deepened. At that time, because of the relationship between trade interests, Britain and France were competing for Flanders, this makes the conflict between them deepened. War fuse is mainly the throne inheritance problem. In 1328, Charles IV died, the French capetian JueSi, branch African valois of Philip vi succession, whose king Charles IV to his nephew's qualifications, and Philip VI for the throne, triggering war. In accordance with changes in the situation, the hundred years' war can be roughly divided into four stages.1、第一阶段(1337年—1360年)是双方对佛兰德斯和基恩的争夺战。
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The results and influence
• disastrous (economy ) poverty.
• Two separate nations were born after the war. The war helped to develop English national identity as well as French national identity.
Jeanne d'Arc
• militarist(军事家）saint(圣女） a symbol of freedom. • When she was just 17 years old,she led the army to fight against the invaders.Under her lead,France recaptured most of territoris,settling the base of final victory. • On 30th May,1431,Jeanne d‘Arc was bound to the stake and burnt to death,when she was just 19 years old.
Jeanne d'Arc
Jeanne was caught Before the punishment
The results and influence
(锁子甲） was replaced by
（板甲）
• Gunpowder (火药）and cannon(火炮）played significant roles as early as 1375. • The last battle of the war, was the first battle in European history in which artillery(大炮） was the deciding factor.
1396, The king of The united kingdom signed a 20-year armistice treaty (二十年停战协定) with France. England only kept down a few territories.(half of the former)
Black Prince Edward
The second stage(1364-1396）
1364, the Charlie V went to the throne. For recapturing the land lost, he reformed a lot 1369,Charlie V attacked England for some times Bertrand du Gai Kelan is the leader of military. used flexible tactics successfully in Montiel Battle (蒙铁儿战役)
The third stage(1415-1429)
Agincourt Battle（阿金库尔战役） In 1415,France was under domestic contradiction England seized the opportunity(乘机)to invade France again . In 1420, Charlie Ⅵ signed Treaty of Troyes (特鲁瓦条约) In October,1428,England invaded Orléans(奥尔良),French people raised guerrillas(游击队) to fight against the invaders. The war had become a national liberation movement(民族解放运
动).
The forth stage(1429-1453)
Jeanne d'Arc(圣女贞德) led the French army to defeat the invaders,and got lots of victories . In 1558,France recaptured Calais(加莱）,which was the last point of England in Continental Europe(欧 洲大陆). Until this moment,Hundred Years Wars ended,and France got the final victory.
Timeline
⑤
1337
1360 1364
1396
1415 1428
1458
Hale Waihona Puke ①23Years②
32years
③
④
13years 30years
The first stage(1337-1360)
November 1337:Edward III leaded the military to attack France, the war began. 1337-1360 :England and France fought for Flanders and Keane(基恩）. 1340 Battle of Sluys (斯鲁伊斯海战) 1346 Battle of Cré cy(克雷西会战） 1348,stopped battling for 10 years because of the black death 1356,England invaded France again, the king of France was caught by Black Prince Edward 1360,France was forced to sign the Treaty of Bré tigny(布勒丁尼合约)
Louis VII the French King
did not meet any obligations as France nobles tried every way to fight against Henry, regained the territory belonging to France
Reasons for the outbreak of war
In 1328, Philip VI inherited the throne. King Edward III fought the succession. France occupied Flanders region, King Edward III was banned to the wool exports.
The Kingdom of France subsequent joining of Burgundy Result : France got the final victory Main leader: Harry VI and The Jeanne d Are Influence: France recaptured its territories the development of new tactics and weapons have a significant impact for the formation of modern national State
Brief information The background
4 stages of the war The results and influence
The Hundred Year’s War
Time : from 1337 to 1453 (116 years) Place: The France and its lowland Participants: The Kingdom of England
The background
1066 1337
The hundred year’s war
1453 1485
The medieval age
William ……. Henry Ⅱ Richard Ⅰ
Consolidate the feudalism
In 1154
Henry Ⅱ the United Kingdom's ruler France's subjects(国民）
• Both of the countries became the centralized countries because of the need of the hundred years’ war, which was beneficial for their future development.
the richest part of Europe. Particularly in wool textile technology Edward III
reasons
got rid of the rule of France King and seek freedom
wanted the United Kingdom to help them against France United Kingdom (lion)would be regarded as France's (lily)ruler, France King was very angry. the wars were broke up between United Kingdom and France finally
The black death
Treaty of Brétigny
1.the England emperor gave up the right of inheritance(纪承权) of the French emperor