非谓语动词讲义及练习
非谓语动词语法讲解及练习
运动？
介词的宾语。
—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
My mother made me play the piano all the time. 宾补 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make，let，see，hear，watch等 使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 to。
Relaxing allows you _______to your studies with more energy.
A: return
B: to return C: returning
( )7. Nick, would you mind ________those old jeans? They look terrible.
tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：
A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be
D: To be；to be
( )9.—Don't forget ______your history and politics books tomorrow morning.
—Thanks. I won't.
A: b to clean the room everyday.=To clean 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转 the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每 换作为主语。 天打扫这间屋子。
非谓语动词 讲解及练习
done
总结：非谓语动作的时间与句子谓语动词 发生的时间先后
1. _______ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. （2014福建卷） A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend spend the past year…这个动作是在主句谓 语appears more mature之前就发生的，所 以使用现在分词的完成式。 句义：作为交换生在香港过了一年，Linda 表现得比她的同龄人更为成熟 C
句义：昨天晚上有成千上万人在电视里观看了开 幕式。
D
2.Toady there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies. （2014 大纲卷） A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying
2. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ____ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
B
3. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky. （2014湖南卷） A. to stare B. staring C. stared D. having stared
5.最新版高考英语语法——非谓语动词详解讲义和习题
非谓语动词作状语1.【2019江苏】________the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy[答案]A[解析]非谓语动词作目的状语。
句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。
2.【2018北京】Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use[答案]A[解析]非谓语动词作状语。
句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。
Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。
3.【2016北京】________ it easier to get in tou ch with us, you’d better keep thi s card at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make[答案]D[解析]非谓语动词作目的状语。
分析句子结构可知，句中的it作make的形式宾语，真正的宾语是"to get in touch with us"；"make…easier"意为"使…更容易"；结合句意可知，此处" it easier to get in touch with us"在句中应该做目的状语；意为：以便和我们联系更容易些；4.【2016·北京】______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. OrderingB. To orderC. Having orderedD. Ordered[答案]D[解析]非谓语动词作状语。
非谓语讲义(含答案)
非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的用法和要点：•非谓语动词的三种形式(不定式, 动名词和分词)、各种变化和否定式；•动词不定式和动名词的复合结构、疑问词加动词不定式、分词的独立结构复习要点：动词不定式( to do )：1.2.作用：1)作主语：To make him change his mind is not easy.2)作宾语：I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.3)作宾语补足语：I asked him to repeat the question.4)作定语：He has something interesting to do5)作状语：He ran all the way in order to catch the bus.6)作表语：Her job is to teach kids.注意要点：II. 动名词：1. 形式：2作用；1)作主语：Helen's being late for school made me annoyed.2)作宾语：My sister practises playing the piano every day.3) 作定语：The sleeping car is quite comfortable.4) 作表语：His job is teaching English.注意要点：非谓语动词二III. 分词1形式：分词可分现在分词和过去分词，但按时间和语态又可分为以下五种，各表示不同的意思：2. 作用：1)作定语：The lady carrying a suitcase is Ms Wang.2)作状语；时间状语, 原因状语,条件状语,伴随状语3)作表语：The story is touching.The window is broken.4)作宾语补足语：I found a man sitting in his car.He had the car mended.注意要点：对下列句子做相应的转变：The –ing Participle as Adverbial1.Hearing the good news, we were very glad. (time )e.g. After we heard the good news, we were very glad.2.Being a child, he could not understand it.(reason)As he was a child, he…3.Not knowing that a storm was coming, I went out.(reason)As I did not know that a storm was coming, I…4.Working hard, you will succeed.(condition)If you work hard, …5.He stood there, reading the wall-newspaper. ( accompaniment)He stood there and read the wall-newspaper.--ed participlepared with John’s, your composition this time is not so good.( reason)If your composition is compared with John’s, yours this time is not so good.7.Given time, I’ll revise it and have it typed.( time, condition)If I am given time, I’ll…8.Badly polluted, the water can not be drunk.( reason)As the water is badly polluted, it can not be drunk.9.They looked at each other, troubled. ( accompaniment)They looked at each other and they are troubled.10.As he was an old friend of mine, he told me his own experience in English studies.Being an old friend of mine, …11.If you turn right at the traffic lights, you will see the tall building.Turning right at the traffic lights, you…12.A car accident happened yesterday evening and killed three people.…, killing three people.13.When I opened the door, I saw nobody in the room.Opening the door, I saw nobody….14.Since he does not know how to say it, he made a terrible mistake.Not knowing how to sa y it, he…15.The old woman sat in an easy chair. She listened to the music.…, listening to the music.16.We take off our shoes and walk quietly along the passage.Taking off our shoes, we walk quietly along the passage.17. He is busy because he is preparing a speech.He is busy preparing a speech.18. The children came into the hall. They sang and danced.…, singing and dancing.19. He held the rope with one hand and helped the child with the other.Holding the rope with one hand, he helped the child with the other.20. When water is heated, it changes into steam.Heated, water changes into steam.21. As the child was treated in time, he was saved.Treated in time, the child was saved.22. If she is given time, she will be a good singer.Given time, she will be a good singer.23. When it is compared with what it was, it has improved greatly.Compared with what it was, it has improved greatly.24. As those soldiers were badly wounded, they were taken to the field-hospital.Badly wounded, those soldiers were taken to the field hospital.25. As they were tired out by a day’s hard work, they went to bed early.Tired out by a day’s hard work, hey went to bed early.26. When the balloon was blown away by the wind, it soon disappeared.Blown away by the wind, it soon disappeared.27. They came back and they were feeling excited.They came back, feeling excited/ excited.06高考试题1．______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (06, 全国)A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising2. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (06, 浙)A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared3. ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (06, 福)A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed4. There have been several new events _______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.( 06 北)A. addB. to addC. addingD. addedKey: B C B D✧现在分词和过去分词在形式上的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做表语的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做宾补的的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别固定形式课后测试题1、Finding her car stolen, ____A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help2、Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in3、I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time4、Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.A. he’d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure5、Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything.A. to tell to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told。
非谓语动词经典用法讲解与练习
非谓语动词经典用法讲解与练习★命题规律1、考查立意较低。
主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。
2、题目设置情景化和结构复杂化。
试题加大了考生对题干的理解难度。
3、设问角度多样化。
不仅仅是非谓语之间的互相干扰。
★命题趋势不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势，但试题难度将会有所控制。
★解题思路① 解析句子结构，确定设空在句中的句法功能（主、宾、宾补、表、定、状？）；② 找准相关动词逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动？）；③ 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的形式（过去、现在、将来？）；④ 将选项置入空中，看是否能够字从意顺，否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。
如：1)Tom had his leg broken while playing football.2)Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作宾补：【口诀】讨厌命令作宾补说服警告想希望，导致逼迫禁期望。
建议允许求鼓励，要教邀请更喜欢。
1)hate, order2)persuade, warn, tell, order, want, wish,3)cause, force, forbid, expect,4)advise, allow, permit, ask, beg, encourage,5)get, require, teach, invite, prefer, like, love,① An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered toissue clear warning before firing any shots.② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to re produce inthe cells inside the human nose and throat.三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门1、下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加to：它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉” 5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（feel）。
非谓语动词讲解和练习(附答案)
非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语，但又具有动词特征的动词形式。
一、种类非谓语动词主要包括三种形式：不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）和分词（Participle）。
1.不定式基本形式是“to + 动词原形”（有时可省略to），例如“to study”、“to play”等。
它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。
To see is to believe.（作主语和表语）I want to learn English.（作宾语）2.动名词形式上是动词原形加-ing，和现在分词的形式一样，如“swimming”、“reading”等。
动名词在句中主要起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
Swimming is my favorite sport.（作主语）I enjoy reading books.（作宾语）3.分词现在分词：也是动词原形加-ing，它既有动词特征，又有形容词和副词特征，可作定语、状语、表语和补足语。
The running boy is my brother.（作定语）Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.（作状语）过去分词：通常是动词原形加-ed（规则变化）或有其特殊的不规则变化形式，如“broken”、“written”等。
过去分词常表示被动或完成的意义，同样能充当定语、状语、表语和补足语等成分。
The broken cup is on the table.（作定语）Given more time, I can do it better.（作状语）二、用法区别1.作主语时不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作或行为，常用“It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”这样的结构，It is important for us to learn English well.动名词作主语往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。
非谓语动词讲解及练习(含答案)
非谓语动词讲解及练习(含答案)一、单项选择非谓语动词1．The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_____ regularly, can improve our health.A．being carried out B．carrying outC．carried out D．to carry out【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查状语从句的省略句：当主从句的主语一致的情况，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，If carried out="if" proper amounts of exercise are carried out。
句意：实验表明，适量的锻炼，如果被定期进行，能提高人们的健康。
选C。
考点：本题考查省略句式点评：如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有 be 动词，从句的主语连同be 可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when, while, though, if, unless, although, as if 等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。
2．________on this report，the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent.A．Having based B．BasingC．Based D．To be based【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。
be based on以……为基础。
在句中作状语，故用其based。
选C。
3．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up.A．wake B．wakenC．to wake D．waking【答案】D【解析】一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。
非谓语动词例题讲解及练习
非谓语动词例题讲解及练习一.非谓语动词的两变非谓语动词也叫非限定动词，也就是说没有受到人称与数的限定。
动词的时态，谓语动词有三变即，时态，语态与主谓一致三个方面的变化，而非谓语动词没有一致的要求，因此，非谓语动词只有时态与语态两种变化。
大家都知道，非谓语动词有三种最根本的形式即，过去分词，如今分词和不定式，在初中阶段这三种形式分别以done, doing和(to)do，来代表，其实这三种形式不能完全反映非谓语的两变,只能表达过去，如今，将来〔不定式意思是不确定的意思，将来的事是不确定的，所以代表将来〕，及过去分词可表被动。
非谓语动词的时态与语态全面变化如下表：二．解题思路：非限定动词有时态和语态两种变化，非限定动词的语态取决于非限定动词的逻辑主语。
非限定动词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语；非限定动词作定语时，其逻辑主语为其修饰的那个词；非限定动词作宾语补语时其逻辑主语为宾语。
非限定动词的时态，主要看其与谓语动词时间的比拟，看它发生在谓语动作之前，之后，还是同时发生。
非限定动词在句子中的语法功能及逻辑主语如下表：三.例题解析1. The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined解析：此题非谓语作定语修饰The island，其逻辑主语为The island，join与the island 是被动关系，只有C 为被动式。
2. It's important for the figures _________ regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated解析：此题非谓语作作介词for的宾语补语，其逻辑主语为the figures，与更新update是被动关系，A与B 选项都有被动式，此题还得考虑时态，句中有时间状语regularly，不是指详细哪一次更新，所以不用完成式，选A。
高考英语语法非谓语动词分析讲义
高中英语语法非谓语动词分析及巩固练习1．定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。
可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。
2．动词不定式：to ＋动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to ）。
（没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化）1 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)3 完成式：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)4 用法：A．作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It's not easy to learn a foreign language .B．作表语：The most important thing is to finish the work on time .C．作宾语：a. 动词＋to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)b. 动词＋疑问词＋to do I don't know where to put the bike .c. 动词＋形式宾语(it)＋宾补＋to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .D．作补语：a. 动词＋宾语＋to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow,encourage…)b. 动词＋宾语＋不带to的动词 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)E．作状语：a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .b. 表示结果：He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren't old enough to go to school .c. 表示原因：He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .F．作定语： I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .5 动词不定式to 的省略：A．在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
非谓语动词讲解和练习
非谓语动词讲解和练习非谓语动词是指动词不带谓语成分（即主谓结构）的一种形式。
在句子中，非谓语动词可以用作动词、形容词或副词的补语，也可以作为独立成分出现。
非谓语动词的形式有动词不定式、动名词和现在分词和过去分词等。
一、动词不定式（Infinitive）：动词不定式是动词原形前加“to”的形式，具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。
常见的用法有：1. 作主语：例：To study is necessary for students.2. 作宾语：例：I like to read books.3. 作介词宾语：例：She is interested in learning new things.4. 作定语：例：I have a lot of work to do.5. 作表语：例：Her goal is to become a doctor.6. 作宾语补足语：例：They consider it important to protect the environment.二、动名词（Gerund）：动名词是动词的一种形式，其形式为动词的-ing形式，具有名词和动词性质，常用于以下情况：1. 作主语：例：Swimming is a good way to stay healthy.2. 作宾语：例：I enjoy playing basketball.3. 作介词宾语：例：He is afraid of speaking in public.4. 与某些动词短语搭配使用：例：She admitted lying to her parents.三、现在分词（Present Participle）：现在分词是动词的一种形式，其形式为动词的-ing形式，常用于以下情况：1. 作定语：例：The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.2. 作状语：例：Walking by the river, I saw a beautiful sunset.3. 与be动词搭配构成进行时态：例：He is studying for the test right now.四、过去分词（Past Participle）：过去分词是动词的一种形式，常用于以下情况：1. 作定语：例：The broken window needs to be fixed.2. 作状语：例：Having finished his homework, he went to bed.3. 与助动词和be动词构成完成时态和被动语态：例：The book has been read by many people.练习：1. 用动名词、动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词的适当形式填空：(1) I can hear someone __________ (sing) in the next room.(2) She enjoys __________ (read) novels in her spare time.(3) In order to pass the exam, he needs __________ (study) harder.(4) The __________ (break) vase needs to be replaced.(5) __________ (Take) a deep breath, and then exhale slowly.(6) I remember __________ (see) him at the party last week.2. 将下列句子中的动词形式改为非谓语动词形式：(1) He will paint the house.(2) She is interested in photography.(3) They have watched the movie three times.参考答案：1. (1) singing (2) reading (3) to study (4) broken (5) Take (6) seeing2. (1) To paint the house. (2) She is interested in photographing. (3) Having watched the movie three times.。
《非谓语动词精练》课件
现在分词是动词的一种形式，表 示正在进行的动作或存在的状态
。
用法
现在分词可以作为谓语动词的一部 分，也可以作为定语、表语、状语 等。
例子
例如，“The movie is interesting”中的“interesting” 就是现在分词，作为表语使用。
过去分词
定义
过去分词是动词的一种形式，表示已 经完成的动作或存在的状态。
as复合结构
as复合结构通常用于表示时间、让步或方式等意义。
as复合结构通常由“as+从句”构成，其中从句中的主语是非谓语动词。例如， “As a result of the accident, the car was totaled.”这句话表示“由于事故， 汽车被报废了”。
独立主格结构与其他结构的转换
例子
例如，“I want to go to
the
park”中的“to
go”就是不定式，作为谓
语使用。
独立主格结构
定义
独立主格结构是一种特殊的语法 结构，由名词或代词加上分词或 不定式构成，表达独立于主句的
主谓关系。
用法
独立主格结构可以表示时间、条 件、原因等，常用于书面语中。
例子
例如，“The book written by him is very popular”中的
2023 WORK SUMMARY
《非谓语动词精练》 PPT课件
REPORTING
目录
• 非谓语动词概述 • 非谓语动词的用法 • 非谓语动词的时态和语态 • 非谓语动词的特殊用法 • 非谓语动词的练习与解析 • 非谓语动词的易错点与难点解析
PART 01
非谓语动词概述
定义与分类
高考英语语法非谓语动词精讲与专练
高中英语语法非谓语动词精讲与专练非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。
这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。
但可以有逻辑主语。
由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。
由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。
非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。
非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。
（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle s chool for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。
非谓语动词讲解及练习
非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词（Non-finite Verbs）是指不具有时态和人称变化的动词形式，它不能独立作谓语，必须通过与主语或其他成分的关系来表达其意义。
非谓语动词分为动词不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）三种形式。
动词不定式是以to+动词原形构成的名词形式，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
动词不定式常用于表示目的、结果、原因、方式、条件、建议、愿望、意图等。
例如：1. To learn a foreign language requires perseverance. （作主语）学一门外语需要坚持不懈。
2. She wants to be a doctor in the future.（作定语）她将来想成为一名医生。
3. He went to the library to find some books.（作目的状语）他去图书馆寻找一些书籍。
动名词以动词-ing形式构成的名词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
动名词常用于表示行为、状态、原因和主动的意义。
例如：1. Swimming is good for your health.（作主语）游泳对你的身体健康有好处。
2. They enjoy playing basketball in their free time.（作宾语）他们在空闲时间喜欢打篮球。
3. Her favorite hobby is painting.（作表语）她最喜欢的爱好是绘画。
分词是动词的非谓语形式，根据其形式和用法的不同，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词。
分词可以作定语、状语和补语等。
现在分词用于表示主动、进行中或具备某种特征的动作。
例如：1. The man standing over there is my father.（作定语）站在那边的那个人是我父亲。
2. I saw the girl crying on the street.（作定语）我看到街上哭泣的女孩。
非谓语动词讲解及练习(含答案)
非谓语动词讲解及练习(含答案)一、单项选择非谓语动词1．Moving to Canada for higher education has been exciting. On the first day of term, there were crowds of people in the dormitory, all where they should go.A．looked for B．looking for C．were looking for D．had been looking for【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：到加拿大接受高等教育令人兴奋，开学第一天，宿舍挤满了人，大家都在找自己该去的地方。
People与look for是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故B项正确。
2．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A．realizing B．realizedC．to realize D．being realized【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意：被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。
首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语，主语the boy与press是被动关系，但是与realize是主动，所以是现在分词做状语，选A。
3．—Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind,I almost break down.A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled【答案】B【解析】“with+复合结构”在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语，该结构由“名词(代词)＋不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式等”构成。
非谓语动词详解以及练习
非谓语动词动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。
高考重点要求：1、掌握不定式、分词、动名词在句子中的作用2、区分不定式、分词作定语和状语的异同3、掌握不定式、动名词作宾语，不定式和分词作宾补的惯用结构4、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式5、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式第一节知识点概述一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。
（一）动词不定式的特征及用法1.动词不定式的构成及特征“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式，是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1.作主语例如：To learn English well is not easy.或It is not easy to learn English well.动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式的动作执行者，可以用forIt is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.2.作表语My wish is to become a teacher.3.作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.4.作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.5.作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.6.作状语He stopped to have a look.3.动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.4.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
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非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，动词不定式定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法：1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数To do such things is foolish.3)it形式主语。
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。
常用于下列结构中：(1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…）(2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…）(3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a s hame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …）(4)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…(5)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…2. 不定式做表语：不定式作表语常表示将来的动作或状态。
3. 动词不定式作宾语：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语*注意:1某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同stop/ go on/ remember/ forget/ regret/ try/ mean…2某些及物动词think, believe, consider, feel, find, make等后常用it作形式宾语4．动词不定式做定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。
I. 不定式作定语需要后置。
II. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语（逻辑上的主谓关系）或逻辑宾语（逻辑上的动宾关系）或修饰性关系（同位关系）。
5. 宾语补足语: eg: He wants you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street.[注1] 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，则作宾补的不定式不可带to，这些动词有see, hear, feel, watch, notice; have, make, let等。
但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。
eg. He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.Someone was heard to come up the stairs.[注2] help后可以直接用带to或不带to的不定式作宾语。
6. 不定式做状语:不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
e.g. To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best.(主语一致)I rushed to the airport, only to find that John had gone.7. 同位语: e.g. Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?8. 独立成分: e.g. To tell you the truth, I don’t like you.类似的有：to be frank坦率地说，to cut a long story short 长话短说，等等三、不定式的否定式：通常是在不定式前加not，表示较强的否定意义时可用never。
e.g. I told him not to touch the equipment. You must promise never to do that again.四、动词不定式的“省略”1、不定式省to1）在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than（宁愿……而不）,cannot but（不得不、只好）, why (not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。
2）动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。
3）两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要保留。
eg: They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.(对比关系)他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.(并列关系)她让孩子待在那里等她回来。
4）在某些感官动词或使役动词(如hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, make等)之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to总是被省略,但在被动语态的句子中,不定式符号to通常要保留。
2、不定式省do留to1）为了避免重复,在hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer, want, have to, be able to, be going to, used to,e.g. Ms King lied to us because she had to.注意：在特定的上下文中,为了避免重复,如果不定式为一般式to be...或完成式to have done时,则不定式符号to和be 或have常一并保留,be或have之后的部分通常要省略。
如:－Aren’t you the headmaster?你难道不是校长吗?－No, and I don’t want to be. 我不是,而且我也不想当。
－Hasn’t he finished writing the report?难道他还没写完报告吗?－No, but he ought to have. 是的,但他本来应该写完。
2）当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时,为了避免重复,常保留不定式符号,而把后面的动词省略。
She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to.He didn’t come, though we had invited him to.动词-ing形式的要点1．-ing的形式2.-ing形式的基本用法(1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking.(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示“做……事”之意，如：do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.(4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
(6)作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother.分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful.②原因状语：Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3. 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。