高中英语不定式及练习题
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2) 作宾语： We don’t know whether to go tomorrow. I am interested in how to do it. 3) 作表语： My question is who to answer for it.
3. of+宾语+不定式：表示不定式的逻辑主语的性 质或特征,可作逻辑主语和逻辑宾语, 用it作形式 主语或形式宾语。 该短语用于下列形容词之后：kind, nice, right, good, silly, foolish, stupid, polite, cruel, rude, careless, wrong, wise等。 It is very kind of you to help me. = You are very kind to help me. It is stupid of you to do so. = You are stupid to do so. We feel it impolite of him to smoke in public.
二、 不定式复合短语 1. for +宾语+不定式： 1) 作主语, 常用it 作形式主语： For her to go alone at night is too dangerous. = It is too dangerous for her to go alone at night. 2) 作宾语, 常用it 作形式宾语： We consider it unfair for him to eat two pears. 3) 作表语： My wish is for our people to live a happy life.
3. 在“形容词+不定式”句型中。 最常用的形容词有 : hard, good, amusing, interesting, cheap, difficult, easy, nice, dangerous, good, pleasant, comfortable, heavy, light, important等。 That question is difficult to answer. These apples are good to eat. The picture is nice to look at. I find him easy to get along with. They think the game interesting to play.
English Grammar The Infinitive不定式
语态
时态
一般式
主动语态 to do to have done to be doing
被动语态 to be done to have been done / /
完成式
进行式
to haveBiblioteka Baidu完成进行式 been doing
一般式: 表示与谓语的动作同时发生或发生在 谓语动作之后。 He seems to know it. She wishes to pass the coming exam. 完成式: 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 He seems to have been to Japan. He is said to have joined the Party in 1943. 进行式：表示在谓语动作发生的同时,不定式的 动作也正在进行。 He pretended to be sleeping when I entered.
1.作主语 2.作表语 3.作定语
不 定 式
4.作宾语
5.作宾补
6.作状语
7.作同位语
8.作独立成分
一、不定式可作以下句子成分： 1. 作主语, 亦可用it 作形式主语： To take exercise every day is beneficial to health. It is necessary to learn maths. 2. 作表语： My wish is to go abroad for further studies. 3. 作定语, 表示要干的事： I have a composition to write. The house to be built next year is 150 square metres.
4. 做宾语： He wants to enter Tsinghua University. 有些动词可用it 作形式宾语, 而把真正的宾语 不定式放在后面： I think it necessary to exercise every day. 5. 做宾补： I want my daughter to play the piano for an hour every day. With lots of work to do, he had to give up the trip to the Great Wall. 注：有些动词后跟不带to 的不定式作宾补, 比 如have, make, watch, see, hear, let, notice等。 We’ll have him speak at tomorrow’s meeting.
4) 作定语： The question for her to answer is hard.
5) 作目的状语： We handed in our homework in time for the teacher to correct.
2. 疑问词+不定式（if/why除外, 不用被动语态)： 1) 作主语: When to leave is not clear.
完成进行式: 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动 作之前, 并且目前还在进行。 We’re happy to have been working with you. He is said to have been living here for 6 decades. 不定式的否定：not + 不定式 He pretended not to see me when passing by me. He seems not to have been there.
四、下列句型后跟动词原形： 1) had better+动词原形 You had better (not) give in to her. 2) would rather +动词原形 I would rather (not) stay here. 3) Why+动词原形 Why (not) give up the job? 4) can’t help but /cannot but /cannot choose but+动词原形(不得不……) I can’t help but leave school. 5) may/might as well +动词原形(不妨……) You may as well try this method.
7. 作同位语: His wish to enter a famous university is certain to come true. Our general task, to build China into a powerful country, will surely be completed. 8. 作独立成分: To tell you the truth, I am worn out. To start with, on behalf of the school, I give you a warm welcome. To be honest, I dislike doing so as well.
三、except /but(除……之外)若其前有行为动词 do, 后跟动词原形, 否则跟带to的不定式： There is nothing left to do but /except wait for her to come. She did nothing except / but cry. We have no choice except / but to stay here.
5. 在“形容词+名词+不定式”句型中, 不定式用 主动表被动。如： This /That /It is an easy question to answer. They are good doctors to rely on. He is a difficult man to deal with. I find him an hard boss to get along with. I think the Great Wall a good place to visit.
五、不定式的主动表被动： 1. 在there be结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式 可以用主动也可以用被动形式，在口语中用主动 形式的时候更多一些。如： There are still many difficulties to overcome / to be overcome). There’s nothing to do /to be done. 2.在too...to... 和 enough to…结构中,可用不定 式的主动表被动。但用主动形式更常见。如： The box is too heavy to move. This book is cheap enough to buy.
3) 表示程度: He is old enough to go to school. He spoke fast enough for me not to understand. The question is easy enough for her to answer. 4) 表示原因: He was surprised to hear the news. She wept to think of her dead mother. 5) 表示条件: To turn to the left, you could find a cinema.
4.不定式作后置定语时, 如果其逻辑主语是不定 式动作的执行者, 则用不定式的主动语态。如： I have a meeting to attend today. He gave me some books to read. Please get me something to eat. 但如果句子主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，则需要 用不定式的被动形式。如： I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents? ( you 不是 to take 的逻辑主语。to take 的逻辑主 语没有出现在句中，所以用被动式。)
6. 作状语： 1) 表示目的: To keep his family, he worked 12 hours a day. He rose early so as to catch the 8:30 train. He’s economical with meat in order to pay off the debts. 2) 表示结果： He woke up to find his wallet missing. I went to see him only to find him out. He walked too fast (for me) to catch up with. He walked so fast as not to take notice of me. He is such a good kid as to be loved by all of us.
六、动词+there to be : 常见动词有: believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, hate, understand, would like等。 We didn’t expect there to be a snake there. 我们没料到那里会有蛇。 I would like there to be a picture on the wall. 我想在墙上挂一张画。 I don’t want there to be any kids left behind. 我不想有任何孩子掉队。
3. of+宾语+不定式：表示不定式的逻辑主语的性 质或特征,可作逻辑主语和逻辑宾语, 用it作形式 主语或形式宾语。 该短语用于下列形容词之后：kind, nice, right, good, silly, foolish, stupid, polite, cruel, rude, careless, wrong, wise等。 It is very kind of you to help me. = You are very kind to help me. It is stupid of you to do so. = You are stupid to do so. We feel it impolite of him to smoke in public.
二、 不定式复合短语 1. for +宾语+不定式： 1) 作主语, 常用it 作形式主语： For her to go alone at night is too dangerous. = It is too dangerous for her to go alone at night. 2) 作宾语, 常用it 作形式宾语： We consider it unfair for him to eat two pears. 3) 作表语： My wish is for our people to live a happy life.
3. 在“形容词+不定式”句型中。 最常用的形容词有 : hard, good, amusing, interesting, cheap, difficult, easy, nice, dangerous, good, pleasant, comfortable, heavy, light, important等。 That question is difficult to answer. These apples are good to eat. The picture is nice to look at. I find him easy to get along with. They think the game interesting to play.
English Grammar The Infinitive不定式
语态
时态
一般式
主动语态 to do to have done to be doing
被动语态 to be done to have been done / /
完成式
进行式
to haveBiblioteka Baidu完成进行式 been doing
一般式: 表示与谓语的动作同时发生或发生在 谓语动作之后。 He seems to know it. She wishes to pass the coming exam. 完成式: 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 He seems to have been to Japan. He is said to have joined the Party in 1943. 进行式：表示在谓语动作发生的同时,不定式的 动作也正在进行。 He pretended to be sleeping when I entered.
1.作主语 2.作表语 3.作定语
不 定 式
4.作宾语
5.作宾补
6.作状语
7.作同位语
8.作独立成分
一、不定式可作以下句子成分： 1. 作主语, 亦可用it 作形式主语： To take exercise every day is beneficial to health. It is necessary to learn maths. 2. 作表语： My wish is to go abroad for further studies. 3. 作定语, 表示要干的事： I have a composition to write. The house to be built next year is 150 square metres.
4. 做宾语： He wants to enter Tsinghua University. 有些动词可用it 作形式宾语, 而把真正的宾语 不定式放在后面： I think it necessary to exercise every day. 5. 做宾补： I want my daughter to play the piano for an hour every day. With lots of work to do, he had to give up the trip to the Great Wall. 注：有些动词后跟不带to 的不定式作宾补, 比 如have, make, watch, see, hear, let, notice等。 We’ll have him speak at tomorrow’s meeting.
4) 作定语： The question for her to answer is hard.
5) 作目的状语： We handed in our homework in time for the teacher to correct.
2. 疑问词+不定式（if/why除外, 不用被动语态)： 1) 作主语: When to leave is not clear.
完成进行式: 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动 作之前, 并且目前还在进行。 We’re happy to have been working with you. He is said to have been living here for 6 decades. 不定式的否定：not + 不定式 He pretended not to see me when passing by me. He seems not to have been there.
四、下列句型后跟动词原形： 1) had better+动词原形 You had better (not) give in to her. 2) would rather +动词原形 I would rather (not) stay here. 3) Why+动词原形 Why (not) give up the job? 4) can’t help but /cannot but /cannot choose but+动词原形(不得不……) I can’t help but leave school. 5) may/might as well +动词原形(不妨……) You may as well try this method.
7. 作同位语: His wish to enter a famous university is certain to come true. Our general task, to build China into a powerful country, will surely be completed. 8. 作独立成分: To tell you the truth, I am worn out. To start with, on behalf of the school, I give you a warm welcome. To be honest, I dislike doing so as well.
三、except /but(除……之外)若其前有行为动词 do, 后跟动词原形, 否则跟带to的不定式： There is nothing left to do but /except wait for her to come. She did nothing except / but cry. We have no choice except / but to stay here.
5. 在“形容词+名词+不定式”句型中, 不定式用 主动表被动。如： This /That /It is an easy question to answer. They are good doctors to rely on. He is a difficult man to deal with. I find him an hard boss to get along with. I think the Great Wall a good place to visit.
五、不定式的主动表被动： 1. 在there be结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式 可以用主动也可以用被动形式，在口语中用主动 形式的时候更多一些。如： There are still many difficulties to overcome / to be overcome). There’s nothing to do /to be done. 2.在too...to... 和 enough to…结构中,可用不定 式的主动表被动。但用主动形式更常见。如： The box is too heavy to move. This book is cheap enough to buy.
3) 表示程度: He is old enough to go to school. He spoke fast enough for me not to understand. The question is easy enough for her to answer. 4) 表示原因: He was surprised to hear the news. She wept to think of her dead mother. 5) 表示条件: To turn to the left, you could find a cinema.
4.不定式作后置定语时, 如果其逻辑主语是不定 式动作的执行者, 则用不定式的主动语态。如： I have a meeting to attend today. He gave me some books to read. Please get me something to eat. 但如果句子主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，则需要 用不定式的被动形式。如： I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents? ( you 不是 to take 的逻辑主语。to take 的逻辑主 语没有出现在句中，所以用被动式。)
6. 作状语： 1) 表示目的: To keep his family, he worked 12 hours a day. He rose early so as to catch the 8:30 train. He’s economical with meat in order to pay off the debts. 2) 表示结果： He woke up to find his wallet missing. I went to see him only to find him out. He walked too fast (for me) to catch up with. He walked so fast as not to take notice of me. He is such a good kid as to be loved by all of us.
六、动词+there to be : 常见动词有: believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, hate, understand, would like等。 We didn’t expect there to be a snake there. 我们没料到那里会有蛇。 I would like there to be a picture on the wall. 我想在墙上挂一张画。 I don’t want there to be any kids left behind. 我不想有任何孩子掉队。