同位语从句及同位语
同位语和同位语从句
同位语和同位语从句1.同位语: 在名词或代词后通常可跟另一词或词组( 通常是名词, 代词或者数词) 作它的同位语, 对它进行补充说明或者起修饰和描绘作用.同位语有两种:1). 限制性同位语—它和前面的名词(代词) 关系比较紧密, 中间没有逗号把它们分开:Our teacher Belinda wants us to be active during the class.You girls are much more active than us boys.2). 非限制性同位语—它和前面名词的关系比较松散, 中间通常有一个逗号把它们隔开,This is professor Zhang, head of our department.Winston Churchill,Britain’s prime minister during the Second World War, died in 1965.Playing football,his only interest inlife, has brought him many friends.2.同位语从句1).有很多名词后可跟that引导的从句, 说明其内容, 可称为同位语从句(Appositive Clause).There is no doubt that he is a top student.He had the feeling that he would not see her again.We received a message that he would be absent.I had no idea that your husband was opposed to my visit.这些名词常见的还有impression, evidence, belief, conclusion, rumor, report等,2). 在少数情况下可以用连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作同位语。
同位语从句及同位语
10级Axx第六组作业同位语从句一.同位语从句的概念在复合句中用作名词的从句叫同位语从句,其主要用途是对前面的名词做进一步解释,说明该名词的具体内容。
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常是:news,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message ,suggestion,word, possibility,order,fear,proof,belief,advise,demand,problem,request,truth,wish等例句:We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever.There is no doubt that he is guilty.There is great doubt whether he did so or not.二.同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有:idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。
例句:How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?The news that his heath is failing made us sad.他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。
I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.我不知道他们在哪里度假。
同位语及同位语从
2.同位语从句能够解释先行词的具体内容,属于 同等位置关系,而定语从句只能对先行词起到 限定修饰作用,不能解释清楚其具体内容。如: The news that he succeeded in the test made us happy. 同位语从句
The news that he 定语从句 got from the teacher made us happy
similarity
1、同位语和定语都是句子中的次要成分,拿 走后并不影响句子的原有结构和意思的完 整性。如: 2、结构相似: • “先行词+引导词+从句”
Difference 1.从意义的角度来看,同位语从 句与先 行词之间存在的是 ( 同位或等同 )的关系;定语从 句与先行词之间存在的是 ( 修饰和被修饰 )关系,表示 “……的……”修饰限定 ,起 ( )作用。
A conclusion
• 同位语用于对名词进 行 。 • 同位语与它所解释说明的名词之间是 对等,同位一体 • 的关系。 • 所以,判断是否同位语,可以非常简单地在 两者之间加入一个be 动词( is、are),使 之成为一个句子,如果意思通顺、合乎逻辑 , 则为同位语。 补充解释和说明
什么是同位语从句?
6.同位语从句前面通常没有逗号。而定语从句有非限制 性的。但要注意“同位语+定语从句”的这种句式。 Meeting my uncle after so many years is an exciting moment, ____ I will treasure forever. A.one B. the one C. that D. a one 分析:one= a moment,是同位语,后面的I will treasure forever 是省略了that(做vt. treasure的宾语)的定语 从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句,a和one不可 以直接连用,故C、D不对。 请看一个简单的例子: He is a good teacher, a teacher whom we all love. =…………………………….., one we all love
同位语从句
同位语从句一、同位语从句的含义在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析:they had won the game说明The news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
二、同位语从句的引导词1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。
(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。
(if不能引导同位语从句)例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
18-19 Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar——同位语及同位语从句
18-19 Unit 2 Section ⅢGrammar——同位语及同位语从句Section ⅢGrammar——同位语及同位语从句[语境自主领悟]先观察原句后自主感悟①Altogether Dolly lived six and a halfyears,half the length of the life of the original sheep.②The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.③Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 左边句子中加黑部分是同位语。
同位语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词或从句来充当。
句①是由名词短语作同位语;句②和句③是由that引导的同位语从句。
考点一同位语一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式),对前者进一步说明,这一部分就叫作同位语。
可充当同位语的有名词(词组)、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)及从句等。
We students all respect him Mr Johnson,our English teacher.我们学生都尊重他,我们的英语老师约翰逊先生。
(名词(词组)作同位语) They each put forward a proposal.他们每个人都提出了一个建议。
(代词作同位语)You may leave it to us two.你可以把这事留给我们俩。
(数词作同位语)Is this your purpose,to avoid being punished?逃避惩罚,这就是你的目的?(不定式短语作同位语)The current fair,the biggest in its history,is being held in a big city.目前的交易会,是有史以来规模最大的,正在一座大城市举行。
同位语从句讲解及练习含答案
同位语从句讲解与训练一、同位语的概述1. 同位语的定义:一个名词或代词后面有时可跟一名词(或其它形式),对它作进一步的修饰,限定或说明,说明它是谁,是什么,当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时,我们称它们为同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
2. 同位语的分类:同位语分限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性同位语和前面的词关系比较密切,之间不能停顿;非限制性同位语与前面的词关系比较疏散,常用逗号隔开。
例如:③Mickey Mouse first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.米老鼠首次出现在卡通片《威利号汽船》中。
Steamboat Willie就是cartoon的同位语,关系紧密。
④Walt Disney, an rich and successful businessman, created the famous cartoon character----Mickney Mouse. 瓦尔特迪士尼,一个富有而成功的商人,创造出了这个著名的卡通形象----米老鼠。
an rich and successful man 是主语Walt Disney的同位语,句子中有没有它,无所谓,不影响理解。
而且“瓦尔特迪士尼”是个“富有而成功的商人”,反过来,“一个富有而成功的商人”可不一定就是“瓦尔特迪士尼”。
3. 同位语的形式:(1)名词用作同位语时最多:①This is Mr.Brown,our Spanish teacher.这是我们的西班牙语老师布朗先生。
②“Leave it to me,”said Lao He,the man on night duty.值夜班的人老何说:“这事交给我。
”③You girls may take those seats over there.你们姑娘们可以坐在那边的座位上。
雅思写作句子成分之同位语及同位语从句
雅思写作句子成分之同位语及同位语从句在雅思写作中,烤鸭们只要用到复杂句基本上首选及最爱使用定语从句(基本上一篇文章能用上7-8次),其次是宾语,状语从句(差不多也有5-6句),或别别扭扭的套用主语从句(比如说:套用简·奥斯汀小说《傲慢与偏见》中开篇打头的句子It is a truth universally acknowledged that…..)。
往往问及同位语从句,很多考生的回答居然是不知道什么是同位语,更别谈从句了。
今天我们就来看看同位语这个谜一样的东西到底是什么,并且它是如何被考官们青睐并且灵活运用的。
看完本文的烤鸭们肯定会豁然开朗,甚至发现自己无意中还真用到过,只是从来不知道是同位语或同位语从句而已。
首先,为了刺激一下大家的兴奋神经,笔者先举几个剑桥系列里面出现过的同位语从句。
l Overall this graph gives evidence that Australia’s share of Japan’s tourist market has been on the rise and will continue to do so.(剑3 Test 1 Writing)该图表整体上可以来证明澳大利亚占有的日本人出国旅游的市场份额一直处于上升阶段并且会持续增长。
l The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judges an evolutionary adaption to forest ecology, living proof that Amazonia could not, and cannot, sustain a more complex society.(剑3 Test 3 Reading)印第安人间的生活方式是显而易见的,且被认为是对森林生态环境一种逐步进化的适应,生动的证明了亚马逊河地区过去不能,现在也不能支撑起一个更为复杂的社会。
同位语 同位语从句
同位语当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时,我们称它们为同位语。
同理,当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的,那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
一.同位语的表现形式同位语的表现形式有以下几种:(1) 名词Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.(2) 代词I myself will do the experiment.(3) 数词She is the oldest among them six. (4) 从句He told me the news that the plane had exploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。
(5) 由such as, that is引导Some subjects, such as maths andphysics, are very difficult to learn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。
(6) 由of 引导The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.自从2000年以来, 北京市发生了很大的变化。
(7) 由or 引导The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。
二.同位语的用法用法1:由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
同位语和同位语从句
同位语和同位语从句语法构成了英语学习的关键领域,掌握语法对于深入理解和恰当运用英语至关重要。
同位语及其从句是两个核心的语法概念,今日我们将深入探讨它们的应用方法。
1、同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
同位语指的是对一个名词或代词进行解释、说明的另一个名词或代词。
它们位于同一句子中,通常由逗号或连词“and”连接。
同位语的作用是进一步说明名词或代词的含义,使句子更加丰富、明确。
例如:My friend, a doctor, is coming over for dinner tonight.(同位语为“a doctor”)The city of Paris, the capital of France, is a popular tourist destination.(同位语为“the capital of France”)需要注意的是,同位语不能独立存在,它必须与前面的名词或代词紧密联系。
此外,在同位语中,通常使用非限定性关系代词“which”来引导从句。
例如:My car, which is a red sports car, is my pride and joy.(从句为“which is a red sports car”)2、同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
同位语从句指的是对一个名词或代词进行解释、说明的从句。
它们位于同一句子中,通常用连词“that”或“whether”引导。
同位语从句的作用也是进一步说明名词或代词的含义,使句子更加丰富、明确。
例如:The fact that he didn't show up is disappointing.(同位语从句为“that he didn't show up”)I am not sure whether she will come or not.(同位语从句为“whether she will come or not”)需要注意的是,同位语从句和同位语的区别在于,同位语从句是一个完整的句子,可以独立成立,而同位语则不行。
高中英语知识点归纳同位语从句与同位语的区别
高中英语知识点归纳同位语从句与同位语的区别同位语从句与同位语是高中英语中的两个重要概念,它们在句子中的作用和结构稍有不同。
本文将分别归纳和区分同位语从句与同位语的特点。
一、同位语从句同位语从句是指在一个名词性从句中,作为名词的补充说明,用来进一步解释或说明这个名词的具体内容。
同位语从句一般采用连接词“that”引导,也可以用其他连接词如“whether”或“if”。
同位语从句的结构如下所示:主名词 + 同位语从句同位语从句通常用来解释名词的具体内容,增加信息的丰富度。
例如:1. He has the idea that he can win the game.(他有一个想法,认为自己可以赢得比赛。
)2. I heard the news that our team won the championship.(我听到了我们队赢得了冠军的消息。
)3. Her dream is that she can travel around the world.(她的梦想是能够周游世界。
)二、同位语同位语是指在句子中和名词处于同一位置,起到对名词的进一步解释或说明的作用。
同位语通常是由名词、代词、形容词、数词、动名词、不定式等充当。
同位语的结构如下所示:名词 + 同位语同位语能够补充说明名词的信息,增加名词的具体含义。
例如:1. His hobby, swimming, keeps him fit.(他的爱好,游泳,使他保持健康。
)2. The fact that she passed the exam made her parents proud.(她通过了考试的事实使得她的父母感到骄傲。
)3. His dream, to become a doctor, has always motivated him.(他的梦想,成为一名医生,一直激励着他。
)三、同位语从句与同位语的区别同位语从句与同位语都能为名词提供进一步的解释或说明,但两者存在一些区别。
同位语从句
同位语从句(Appositive Clauses)一、概念1. 同位语:紧跟在名词或代词之后,用于说明该名词或代词是何人、何物的词语叫做同位语。
We Chinese love our country. 我们中国人热爱我们的祖国。
主语同位语I, the youngest son in the family, am often taken good care of.作为年纪最小的儿子的我经常受到最好的照顾。
This word, dyeing, is often misspelled. Dyeing这个单词经常被拼错。
【活学活用】①我们学生应该努力学习。
__________________________should work hard.②这是我的名字,Tony。
This is __________,_____________.2. 同位语从句:在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。
中心词引导词(同位语)从句I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。
中心词引导词(同位语)从句★同位语从句结构:中心词+ 引导词+(同位语)从句二. 同位语从句的功能及引导词1. 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,置于某些抽象名词之后。
换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
常见的名词有:fact(事实),idea(想法),news(新闻),belief(信念),message(信息),proposal (建议),proposition(建议),evidence(证据),proof(证据),possibility(可能性),suggestion (建议)等。
句子中的同位语从句与同位语关系解析
句子中的同位语从句与同位语关系解析同位语从句是一种在句子中起同位语作用的从句,用来补充或解释与之相连的名词或代词。
同时,同位语从句和其前面的名词或代词之间存在着一定的关系,这种关系可以是同位关系、对等关系或修饰关系。
同位语从句的引导词通常是"是"、"叫做"、"称为"等系词,或者是名词后面的引导词,如"问题是"、"观点是"等。
同位语从句与主句之间的关系紧密,能够进一步补充或解释名词或代词所承载的内容,使句子更加丰富和具体。
下面通过几个例子来解析句子中的同位语从句与同位语关系。
例句1:她的理解力是我所不能及的,她知道的太多了。
在这个例句中,"她的理解力"是同位语,同位语从句"我所不能及的"进一步解释了"她的理解力"的内容。
同位语从句"我所不能及的"强调了"她知道的太多了",使整个句子更加具体生动。
例句2:他的观点是我们应该更好地保护环境。
同位语从句"我们应该更好地保护环境"进一步说明了"他的观点"的具体内容。
同位语从句与主句之间的关系是对等关系,共同构成了完整的句子。
例句3:这个问题是他是否能够成功。
在这个例句中,同位语从句"他是否能够成功"起到了进一步解释"这个问题"的作用。
同位语从句与主句之间存在着同位关系,共同构成了一个完整的句子。
同位语从句的出现可以使句子更加丰富多样,增强了句子的表达力。
通过引入同位语从句,可以进一步展开对名词或代词所表达内容的描述,使句子更加准确明确。
需要注意的是,在使用同位语从句时,要注意句子结构的整洁和语句的通顺。
同位语从句的引导词要根据上下文语境来选择,并且在句子中要符合语法要求。
此外,为了保持阅读体验的流畅,不宜在文中使用过多的同位语从句,要注意适度运用,避免句子过于冗长和复杂。
同位语从句
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16. A story goes ____Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (04,上海 上海) 上海 A. when B. where C. what D. that D
5. 我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。 我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。 The question when we will start the work is not decided. .
III. Choose the correct answer. 1. The fact ____ she works hard is well A known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact ____ he was successful A proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why
同位语从句 1. 同位语从句一般跟在某些名词如 同位语从句一般跟在某些名词如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等的后面,用 等的后面, 等的后面 以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。 以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。如: The news that his heath is failing made us sad. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.
同位语和同位语从句
同位语和同位语从句定义:一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
一、单词作同位语:This is my friend Harry.We both come from Hunan.We Chinese are brave and hardworking.You three take these seats.二、短语作同位语:(1)使用不定式作同位语。
如:He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.(2)使用介词短语作同位语。
如:Wang Li, just back from the training class, was made director of the Maternity Home.(3)有时可用形容词作同位语,作用接近定语,但放在所同位名词的后面,且有逗号把它们分开。
如:People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade.三、从句作同位语:同位语从句是一种在平常的学习中经常出现的从句形式,我们应从以下三点掌握并予以运用:(1)什么是同位语从句某些名词后面,可以跟that或连接代词(副词)引起的从句作同位语,说明其内容时,该从句就称为同位语从句。
(2)同位语从句的先行词有:idea, fact, news,hope, belief, thought, doubt, promise,truth, agreement, decision等。
如:I have no idea that you were here.The news that our team has won the match is true.注意:有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名词后面。
同位语和同位语从句
同位语和同位语从句一、同位语和同位语从句同位语解释当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置,且其中一个句子成分用于说明或解释另一个句子成分时,前者(起说明或解释作用的句子成分)就被称为后者的同位语。
同位语案例1.We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子,一个男孩和一个女孩。
(句中的“a boy and a girl”为“two children”的同位语)ura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉•迈尔斯,BBC的记者,要求采访。
(句中的“a BBC reporter”为“Laura Myers”的同位语)同位语从句解释当起说明或解释作用的句子成分是一个从句时,该从句就被称为同位语从句。
同位语从句案例1.The hope that he may recover is faint. 他复原的希望是渺茫的。
(句中的“that he may recover”为“hope”的同位语从句)2.We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
(句中的“that our team had won”为“news”的同位语从句)二、to/at/for/with 用法搭配后面可接with的动词•communicate with 与…联系•compare with 与…比较•compete with 与…竞争•correspond with 与…一致•contrast with 与…对比•quarrel with 与…争吵•mix with 与…混合•confuse with 与…混淆•agree/comply with 同意/服从•begin/finish with 开始/结束•cope with 处理后面可接for的动词•wait for 等候•thank for 感谢•prepare for 准备•pay for 付钱•search for 搜寻•look for 寻找•hope for 希望•ask for 请求•account for 解释•apologize for 道歉•blame for 责怪后面可接at的动词•look/stare/glance at 看•amused/astonished/shocked/surprised at 感兴趣/惊讶•point/knock at 指着/敲•arrive/work at 到达/工作后面可接to的动词•go/turn to 走向/转向•submit/surrender/yield to 服从/投降/屈服•reply/respond/react to 回答/响应/反应•apply to 适用于•attach to 附属于•belong to 属于•confine to 限制•listen to 听•object to 反对•prefer to 更喜欢练习:后面可接to/at/for/with的动词1.I don’t agree ________ you. (with)2.She preferred ________ wait ________ him. (to; for)3.I’m surprised ________ you! (at)4.You must reply ________ his letter. (to)5.Don’t blame me ________ the accident. (for)6.I knocked ________ the door. (at)7.He turned ________ me for help, even after I had quarrelled ________ him.(to; with)。
同位语和同位语从句
同位语和同位语从句嗨,朋友们!今天咱们来唠唠英语语法里超级有趣的同位语和同位语从句。
你可别一听语法就皱眉头,这同位语和同位语从句啊,就像英语世界里的一对神秘兄弟,一旦你搞懂了,那感觉就像发现了新大陆,超酷的!先来说说同位语吧。
啥是同位语呢?简单来说,同位语就是用来对前面的名词或者代词进行补充说明的。
比如说,我的好朋友小明,“小明”就是对“我的好朋友”的同位语。
再形象点,就好比你有一个心爱的小盒子,同位语就是那个贴在盒子上,清楚告诉你盒子里装了啥的小标签。
这同位语啊,大多数时候是一个名词,它和被它说明的那个词地位是平等的,就像并肩作战的小伙伴。
我给你讲个故事哈。
有一天,我在学校里碰到了我们班的学霸小李。
“小李,那个每次考试都名列前茅的学霸,今天居然在一道数学题上卡壳了。
”这里的“那个每次考试都名列前茅的学霸”就是“小李”的同位语。
你看,这么一说,是不是就把小李在大家心中的印象更具体地描绘出来了?这同位语的作用可真是不容小觑啊。
那同位语从句又是咋回事呢?同位语从句可是个更高级的玩意儿。
它是一个句子,这个句子用来对前面的名词进行解释说明,而且这个名词通常是一些抽象的概念,像“消息(news)”“事实(fact)”“想法(idea)”之类的。
比如说,“The news that we won the game made everyone excited.”(我们赢得比赛的这个消息让每个人都很兴奋。
)这里的“that we won the game”就是同位语从句,它是对“the news”的详细解释,就像给这个抽象的“消息”注入了灵魂一样。
我再跟你说个场景。
有次我和我的小伙伴们聊天,我朋友小张说:“I have an idea that we can have a picnic this weekend.”(我有个想法,这个周末我们可以去野餐。
)这个“that we can have a picnic this weekend”就是“idea”的同位语从句。
同位语构成及同位语从句翻译+讲义-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
同位语(Appositive)同位语本质上是一种修饰语,它对与之同位的名词词组提供补充说明、修饰和描绘的作用。
一、常见组成:1.名词词组,位置一般在与之同位的名词之后,也有提前或置于句末的情况。
Your brother, a proud and unbending man, refused all help that was offered him.Streamlined swimmers and bloodhounds of the sea, sharks are equipped with an extraordinary sense of smell.Only one problem still remains—the storage of the grain.An excellent, all-round student with a congenial personality, Miss Ruel is a promising candidate for wow, an international scholarship program for outstanding women around the word.2.代词(反身代词/不定代词/指示代词)My father will go and see it himself. (reflexive pronoun)My friends all understand me. (indefinite pronoun)Air, food, water and heat—these are four requirements of all living things.(demonstrative pronoun)3.非谓语小句She liked her job, teaching English. (gerund)During all those years the young man had but one aim—to fight for the independence of his motherland.(infinitive)4.同位语从句(略)answer, advice, assurancebelief,conclusion, commanddecision, discovery, doubt, demand, desire,explanation, evidence,fact, feelinghope,guaranteeidea, information, insistence, instruction, impressionknowledge,law,message,news,opinion, order,possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, plan, propositionquestion,report, risk, rumor, recommendation, request, requirement,story, suggestiontruth, theory, thought,wish, word二、常用引导方式:1.标点符号(comma, dash)2.介词(of)The city of Shanghai=the city, ShanghaiThe month of May=the month, MayThe art of painting=the art, painting3.引导词(表等同关系/列举关系/突出重点)(1)namely, that is(i.e.), that is to say, in other words, or, for short…A pronoun is a pro-form, i.e. a form used to refer to a person or a thing.He studies linguistics, or the science of language.He is a cutler -that is to say, a man who sells knives and sharp tools.(2)f or example, for instance, such as, say, including…Some animals, for example the fox and squirrel, have bushy tails.Besides English he knows other foreign languages, such as French and German.Any dictionary, say Hornby's Advanced Learner's Dictionary, will serve my purpose for the time being.(3)e specially, particularly, chiefly, mostly…Most students in our class, particularly David and Chris, are fond of music. I want very much to read these new novels, especially the one you mentioned.4.同位语从句引导词(关系代词/关系副词)关系代词:Who、whose、which、that关系副词:when、where、why、how三、同位语的翻译1.翻译成名词前的定语We have been fortunate to have Mr. Jackson, a distinguished linguist from the United States, with us today."今天能邀请到美国著名的语言学家杰克逊先生,我们感到非常荣幸。
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10级A班第六组作业同位语从句一.同位语从句的概念在复合句中用作名词的从句叫同位语从句,其主要用途是对前面的名词做进一步解释,说明该名词的具体内容。
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常是:news,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message ,suggestion,word, possibility,order,fear,proof,belief,advise,demand,problem,request,truth,wish等例句:I just got word that he is not coming this evening.We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever.There is no doubt that he is guilty.There is great doubt whether he did so or not.二.同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有:idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。
例句:How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的The news that his heath is failing made us sad.他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。
I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.我不知道他们在哪里度假。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑There is no doubt that he will come here again.他会再来这里,这是毫无疑问的。
He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。
三.同位语从句的引导词1. 连词that引导同位语从句The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
(作idea的同位语)He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
以下名词常用于以上句型:advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
如:There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,在非正式语体中that可以省略。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 连词whether引导同位语从句The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意】 whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
whether“是否”可以引导:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句。
if“是否”,只能引导宾语从句和表语从句,不能引导主语从句。
3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。
(what作定语)2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好,这是个人口味的问题。
(which作定语)3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语)4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when, where, how, whyWe haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
四.同位语从句的用法掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题:1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开,以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡,即为分离同位语从句。
例如:He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。
2. 同位语从句和定语从句结构相似,通常位于某一名词或代词后面,但两者存在明显区别:同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明,是该名词性成分具体内容的体现(相当于名词的作用)。
that引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当句子成分,但不能被省略,同位语从句还可以用whether、 how等连词引导(定语从句则不能)。
定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、说明先行词的性质或特征(相当于形容词的作用),定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语,充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。
注意体会以下四组例句:(1) 第一组例句:① We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。
(how引导的从句表示其前面的名词the problem的具体内容,属于同位语从句)② I can’t remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。
(引导词that就是that引导的从句中have的宾语, the problem的具体内容也没有得到说明,故本句中that引导的从句是修饰problem的定语从句)(2) 第二组例句:① I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对母亲撒谎的事实。
(that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明, that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)② I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me.我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。
(that引导定语从句对fact进行限定, that在该从句中充当宾语)(3) 第三组例句:① The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
(that引导同位语从句对news的具体内容进行说明, that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)② The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。
(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news,第二个that引导表语从句)(4) 第四组例句:① We have no idea at all where he has gone.我们根本不知道他去哪里了。
(where引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容)② That’s the place where he was born.那是他出生的地方。
(where引导定语从句限定先行词place)五.同位语从句和定语从句的区别1.从句所修饰词的不同。
同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。