华南农业大学管理学原理试题答案英文

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《管理学原理》考试题库(英文版)

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Management and OrganizationsTrue/False QuestionsThe four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.True (easy)Effectiveness refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs.False (moderate)Efficiency is often referred to as "doing things right."True (moderate)When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.False (difficult)According to Mintzberg’s management roles, the informational role involves receiving, collecting, and disseminating information.True (moderate)Technical skills become less important as a manager moves into higher levels of management.True (moderate)The systems perspective underscores and emphasizes the fact that organizations are different, face different circumstances, and thus may require different ways of managing.False (moderate)Multiple Choice_____________ are organizational members who integrate and coordinate the work of others.a. Managers (easy)b. Team leadersc. Subordinatesd. Operativese. AgentsTypically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.a. team leadersb. middle managersc. first-line managersd. top managers (easy)e. subordinates_____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.a. Manipulating othersb. Concern for the lawc. Increasing efficiencyd. Coordinating and integrating others' work (moderate)e. Defining market shareWhich of the following is NOT an example of a decisional role according to Mintzberg?a.spokesperson (moderate)b.entrepreneurc.disturbance handlerd.resource allocatore.negotiatorWhich of the following skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work?a.human skillsb.technical skills (easy)c.conceptual skillsd.empirical skillsUnderstanding building codes would be considered a _____________ skill for a building contractor.a. humanb. technical (easy)c. conceptuald. empiricale. functionalWhich of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?a. decision-making (easy)b. communicating with customersc. motivating subordinatesd. product knowledgee. technical skillsAccording to the text, _____________ are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.a.open systemsb.closed systems (easy)c.flextime systemsd.reverse systemse.forward systemsThe _____________ view of a manager's job implies that decisions and actions taken in one organizational area will impact other areas.a. systems (moderate)b. contingencyc. conceptuald. functionale. environmentalWhich of the following best describes the concept that management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational levels and in all organizational work areas, and in all organizations, no matter what country they’re located i n?a.the partiality of managementb.the segmentation of managementc.the universality of management (moderate)d.the cultures of managementScenarios and QuestionsThe Busy Day (Scenario)Don Eskew, plant manager at Control Systems, Inc., sighed as he sipped his first cup of coffee at 5 a.m. and read his agenda for the day. He is giving two company tours in the morning; the first to a newspaper reporter who is writing a story on the new plant expansion and has several questions, and the second to a group of Control Systems, Inc., managers from the east coast. He then has a meeting with unit manager, Phil Johnson, to discuss Phil's recent drop in performance (a task he always hates). Next, he is spending a couple of hours reviewing the trade journals he receives from his high-tech association and writing up a brief synopsis for his presentation next week to the Division President. Finally, in late afternoon, he will be reviewing the new equipment malfunction and deciding whether to bring in extra people to get the equipment running as soon as possible. Whew! Just another day in the glamorous life of a manager. Together, all of these behaviors performed by Don during his busy day correspond to the management roles discovered in the late 1960s by which of the following management scientists?a. Herzbergb. Skinnerc. Mintzberg (easy)d. Fayole. MaslowWhen Don was meeting with Phil to discuss his performance concerns, he was operating in which management role?a. leader (difficult)b. figureheadc. monitord. disturbance handlere. spokesperson114. What role was Don performing when he gave the plant tour to the newspaper reporter?a. monitorb. figureheadc. disseminatord. spokesperson (difficult)e. resource allocator115. When Don was reviewing the new equipment malfunction, what management role was he playing when deciding whether to bring in extra people?a. monitorb. disseminatorc. resource allocator (moderate)d. disturbance handlere. figureheadEssay QuestionsIn a short essay, discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and include a specific example to support each concept.Answera.Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Because managers deal withscarce inputs—including resources such as people, money, and equipment—they are concerned with the efficient use of resources. For instance, at the Beiersdorf Inc. factory in Cincinnati, where employees make body braces and supports, canes, walkers, crutches, and other medical assistance products, efficient manufacturing techniques were implemented by doing things such as cutting inventory levels, decreasing the amount of time to manufacture products, and lowering product reject rates. From this perspective, efficiency is often referred to as “doing things right”—that is, not wasting resources.b.Effectiveness is often described as “doing the right things”—that is, those work activities that will help theorganization reach its goals. For instance, at the Biersdorf factory, goals included open communication between managers and employees, and cutting costs. Through various work programs, these goals were pursued and achieved. Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.(moderate)In a short essay, list and explain the four basic functions of management.Answera.Planning –involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, anddeveloping plans to integrate and coordinate activities.anizing – involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how thetasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.c.Leading – when managers motivate subordinates, influence individuals or teams as they work, select themost effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues, they are leading.d.Controlling – to ensure that work is going as it should, managers must monitor and evaluate performance.The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what is meant by the controlling function.(moderate)In a short essay, list and discuss the three essential skills according to Katz that managers need to perform the duties and activities associated with being a manager.Answera.Technical skills – include knowledge of an proficiency in a certain specialized field, such as engineering,computers, accounting, or manufacturing. These skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work.b.Human skills –involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group.Managers with good human skills are able to get the best out of their people. They know how to communicate, motivate, lead, and inspire enthusiasm and trust. These skills are equally important at all levels of management.c.Conceptual skills – these are the skill that managers must have to think and to conceptualize about abstractand complex situations. Using these skills, managers must be able to see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment. These skills are most important at the top management levels.(moderate)Chapter 2 – Management Yesterday and TodayTrue/FalseAccording to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.True (easy)In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.True (easy)“Principles of Scientific Management” was written by Frederick Taylor.True (moderate)Frank Gilbreth’s best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker.False (moderate)Frederick Taylor is most associated with the principles of scientific management.True (easy)One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.True (moderate)Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.False (moderate)Decisions on determining a company’s optimum inventory levels have been significantly influenced by economic order quantity modeling.True (moderate)Barnard, Follet, Musterberg, and Owen are all theorists are associated with the early organizational behavior approach.True (moderate)Multiple ChoiceAdam Smith's, "The Wealth of Nations," put forth that the primary economic advantage by societies would be gained from which of the following concepts?a. management planning and controlb. on-the-job trainingc. union representationd. fair employment legislatione. division of labor (difficult)Which of the following is not one of the four management approaches that grew out of the first half of this century?a. scientific managementb. general administrativec. organizational behaviord. systems approach (easy)e. quantitativeAccording to the text, probably the best-known example of Taylor’s scientific management was the ______________ experiment.a.horse shoeb.pig iron (moderate)c.blue collard.fish tankWhich of the following is NOT one of Taylor’s four principles of management?a.Develop a science for each element of an indivi dual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principlesdeveloped.d.Provide managers will less work than other employees so the managers can plan accordingly.(difficult)General administrative theory focuses ona. the entire organization. (easy)b. managers and administrators.c. the measurement of organizational design relationships.d. primarily the accounting function.e. administrative issues affecting non-managerial employees.The fourteen principles of management are associated with whom?a. Weberb. Druckerc. Taylord. Gilbrethe. Fayol (moderate)Which of the following approaches to management has also been labeled operations research or management science?a.The qualitative approachb.The quantitative approach (easy)c.The experimental approachd.The theoretical approachWhich of the following would not be associated with the quantitative approach to management?a. information modelsb. critical-path schedulingc. systematic motivation of individuals (moderate)d. linear programminge. statisticsWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing field of organizational behavior came out of the _______________.a.Taylor Studies.b.Porter Studies.c.Parker Studies.d.Hawthorne Studies. (moderate)What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies?a. Adamsb. Mayo (easy)c. Lawlerd. Barnarde. FollettOne outcome of the Hawthorne studies could be described by which of the following statements?a.Social norms are the key determinants of individual work behavior. (moderate)b.Money is more important than the group on individual productivity.c.Behavior and employee sentiments are inversely related.d.Security is relatively unimportant.e.While groups are an important determinant of worker productivity, the individual him/herself is mostimportant.Scenarios and QuestionsHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MANAGEMENTA Look Back (Scenario)Cindy Schultz, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a fifteen-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting. Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input. As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began. As she napped, she dreamed that, along with "Mr. Peebodi" as her guide, she was traveling in the "Management Way Back Machine" that took her back through management history.106. One of the earliest sites Cindy visited was Adam Smith's home, author of The Wealth of Nations, which suggested that organizations and society would gain froma. time management.b. division of labor. (moderate)c. group work.d. quality management.e. time and motion studies.107. Cindy visited a bookstore where there was a book signing occurring. She looked down and saw that the title of the book was Principles of Scientific Management and concluded that the author must bea. Adam Smith.b. Frank Gilbreth.c. Henry Gantt.d. Frederick Taylor. (easy)e. Henri Fayol.108. Cindy admired the works of Taylor and Gilbreth, two advocates ofa. scientific management. (moderate)b. organizational behavior.c. human resource management.d. motivation.e. leadership.109. Cindy spent some time visiting with __________, a researcher she previously knew little about but who also contributed to management science by being among the first to use motion picture films to study hand-and-body motions and by devising a classification scheme known as a "therblig."a. Henry Ganttb. Max Weberc. Chester Barnardd. Frank Gilbreth (moderate)e. Mary Parker FolletEssay QuestionsSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENTIn a short essay, discuss Frederick Taylor’s work in scientific management. Next, list Taylor’s four principles of management.AnswerFrederick Taylor did most of his work at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Companies in Pennsylvania. As a mechanical engineer with a Quaker and Puritan background, he was continually appalled by workers’inefficiencies. Employees used vastly different techniques to do the same job. They were inclined to “take it easy” on the job, and Taylor believed that worker output was only about one-third of what was possible.Virtually no work standards existed. Workers were placed in jobs with little or no concern for matching their abilities and aptitudes with the tasks they were required to do. Managers and workers were in continual conflict.Taylor set out to correct the situation by applying the scientific method to shop floor jobs. He spent more than two decades passionately pursuing the “one best way” for each job to be done.Taylor’s Four Principles of Managementa.Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principlesof the science that has been developed.d.Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes overall work for which it is better fitted than the workers.(difficult)122. In a short essay, discuss the work in scientific management by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.AnswerFrank Gilbreth is probably best known for his experiments in bricklaying. By carefully analyzing thebricklayer’s job, he re duced the number of motions in laying exterior brick from 18 to about 5, and on laying interior brick the motions were reduced from 18 to 2. Using the Gilbreth’s techniques, the bricklayer could be more productive and less fatigued at the end of the day. The Gilbreths were among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions and the amount of time spent doing each motion. Wasted motions missed by the naked eye could be identified and eliminated. The Gilbreths also devised a classification scheme to label 17 basic hand motions, which they called therbligs. This scheme allowed the Gilbreths a more precise way of analyzing a worker’s exact hand movements.(moderate)GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORISTS123. In a short essay, discuss the work of Henri Fayol as it relates to the general administrative approach to management. Next list and discuss seven of Fayol’s fourteen principles of management.AnswerFayol described the practice of management as something distinct from accounting, finance, production,distribution, and other typical business functions. He argued that management was an activity common to all human endeavors in business, government, and even in the home. He then proceeded to state 14 principles of management—fundamental rules of management that could be taught in schools and applied in allorganizational situations.Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of Managementa.Division of work. – specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.b.Authority – managers must be able to give orders. Authority gives them this right. Along with authority,however, goes responsibility.c.Discipline – employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.d.Unity of command – every employee should receive orders from only one superior.e.Unity of direction – the organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.f.Subordination of individual interests to the general interest – the interests of any one employee or group ofemployees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.g.Remuneration – workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.h.Centralization – this term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.i.Scalar chain – the line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks in the scalar chain.j.Order – people and materials should be in the right place at the right time.k.Equity – managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.l.Stability of tenure of personnel – management should provide orderly personal planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.m.Initiative – employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.n.Esprit de corps – promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.(difficult)124. In a short essay, discuss Max Weber’s contribution to the general administrative approach to management.AnswerMax Weber was a German sociologist who studied organizational activity. Writing in the early 1900s, hedeveloped a theory of authority structures and relations. Weber describes an ideal type of organization hecalled a bureaucracy—a form or organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Weber recognized that this “ideal bureaucracy”didn’t exist in reality. Instead he intended it as a basis for theorizing about work and how work could be done in large groups. His theory became the model structural design for many or today’s large organizations.(easy)TOWARD UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR125. In a short essay, describe the Hawthorne Studies. Next, discuss the role of Elton Mayo in these studies and some of the findings of his research.AnswerWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing OB field came out of the HawthorneStudies, a series of studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works in Cicero, Illinois. These studies were initially designed by Western Electric industrial engineers as a scientific management experiment. They wanted to examine the effect of various illumination levels on worker productivity. Based on their research, it was concluded that illumination intensity was not directly related to group productivity. In 1927, the Western Electric engineers asked Harvard professor Elton Mayo and his associates to join the study as consultants.Through additional research, Elton Mayo concluded that behavior affected individual behavior, that groupstandards establish individual worker output, and that money is less a factor in determining output than are group standards, group sentiments, and security. These conclusions led to a new emphasis on the humanbehavior factor in the functioning of organizations and the attainment of their goals.(difficult)CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES126. In a short essay, define entrepreneurship and discuss the three import themes that stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship.AnswerEntrepreneurship is the process whereby an individual or a group of individuals uses organized efforts andmeans to pursue opportunities to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation and uniqueness, no matter what resources are currently controlled. It involves the discovery of opportunities and the resources to exploit them. Three important themes stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship. First, is the pursuit of opportunities. Entrepreneurship is about pursuing environmental trends and changes that no one else has seen or paid attention to. The second important theme in entrepreneurship is innovation.Entrepreneurship involves changing, revolutionizing, transforming, and introducing new approaches—that is, new products or services of new ways of doing business. The final important theme in entrepreneurship is growth. Entrepreneurs pursue growth. They are not content to stay small or to stay the same in size.Entrepreneurs want their businesses to grow and work very hard to pursue growth as they continually look for trends and continue to innovate new products and new approaches.(moderate)127. In a short essay, define e-business and e-commerce. Next discuss the three categories of e-business involvement.AnswerE-business (electronic business) is a comprehensive term describing the way an organization does its work by using electronic Internet-based) linkages with its key constituencies (employees, managers, customers,suppliers, and partners) i n order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals. It’s more than e-commerce, although e-business can include e-commerce. E-commerce (electronic commerce) is any form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact electronically. The first category of e-businessinvolvement an e-business enhanced organization, a traditional organization that sets up e-business capabilities, usually e-commerce, while maintaining its traditional structure. Many Fortune 500 type organizations areevolving into e-businesses using this approach. They use the Internet to enhance (not to replace) theirtraditional ways of doing business. Another category of e-business involvement is an e-business enabledorganization. In this type of e-business, an organization uses the Internet to perform its traditional business functions better, but not to sell anything. In other words, the Internet enables organizational members to do their work more efficiently and effectively. There are numerous organizations using electronic linkages to communicate with employees, customers, or suppliers and to support them with information. The last category of e-business involvement is when an organization becomes a total e-business. Their whole existence is made possible by and revolves around the Internet.(moderate)128. In a short essay, discuss the need for innovation and flexibility as it relates to the survival of today’s organizations.AnswerInnovation has been called the most precious capability that any org anization in today’s economy must have and nurture. Without a constant flow of new ideas, an organization is doomed to obsolescence of even worse, failure. In a survey about what makes an organization valuable, innovation showed up at the top of the list.There is absolutely no doubt that innovation is crucial. Another demand facing today’s organizations andmanagers is the need for flexibility. In a context where customers’ needs may change overnight, where new competitors come and go at breathtaking speed, and where employees and their skills are shifted as needed from project to project, one can see how flexibility might be valuable.(easy)129. In a short essay, discuss the concept of total quality management and the six characteristics that describe this important concept.AnswerA quality revolution swept through both the business and public sectors during the 1980s and 1990s. Thegeneric term used to describe this revolution was total quality management, or TQM for short. It was inspired by a small group of quality experts, the most famous being W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran. TQM isa philosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs andexpectations. The objective is to create an organization committed to continuous improvement in workprocesses. TQM is a departure from earlier management theories that were based on the belief that low costs were the only road to increased productivity.The Six Characteristics of Total Quality Managementa.Intense Focus on the customer –the customer includes not only outsiders who buy the organization’sproducts or services but also internal customers (such as shipping or accounts payable personnel) who interact with and serve others in the organization.b.Concern for continual improvement –TQM is a commitment to never being satisfied. “Very good” is notgood enough. Quality can always be improved.c.Process-focused –TQM focuses on work processes as the quality of goods and services is continuallyimproved.d.Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does – TQM uses a very broad definition ofquality. It relates not only to the final product but also to how the organization handles deliveries, how rapidly it responds to complaints, and how politely the phones are answered.e.Accurate measurement –TQM uses statistical techniques to measure every critical variable in theorganization’s operations. These are compared against standards or benchmarks to identify problems, trace them to their roots, and eliminate their causes.f.Empowerment of employees – TQM involves the people on the line in the improvement process. Teamsare widely used in TQM programs as empowerment vehicles for finding and solving problems.(difficult)130. In a short essay, describe the learning organization and discuss the concept of knowledge management.AnswerToday’s managers confront an environment where change takes place at an unprecedented rate. Constantinnovations in information and computer technologies combined with the globalization of markets have createda chaotic world. As a result, many of the past management guidelines and principles no longer apply.Successful organizations of the twenty-first century must be able to learn and respond quickly, and will be led by managers who can effectively challenge conventional wisdom, manage the organization’s knowledge base, and make needed changes. In other words, these organizations will need to be learning organizations. Alearning organization is one that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change. Part of a manager’s responsibility in fostering an environment conducing to learning is to create learning capabilities throughout the organization—from lowest level to highest level and in all areas. Knowledge managementinvolves cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather knowledge and share it with others in the organization so as to achieve better performance.(moderate)Chapter 3 – Organizational CultureIn the symbolic view of management, managers are seen as directly responsible for an organization's success or failure.False (easy)The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests managers are omnipotent.True (moderate)An organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning.True (moderate)Organizational culture is a perception, not reality.True (moderate)Strong cultures have more influence on employees than weak ones.True (moderate)。

管理学考试题及答案英语

管理学考试题及答案英语管理学考试题及答案（英语）一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "management" refers to:A. The process of managingB. The people who manageC. The act of managingD. The result of managingAnswer: A2. Which of the following is NOT a function of management?A. PlanningB. OrganizingC. ControllingD. InnovatingAnswer: D3. According to classical management theory, the most important factor in achieving organizational goals is:A. EfficiencyB. EffectivenessC. ProfitabilityD. Customer satisfactionAnswer: A4. The process of setting goals, deciding on actions to achieve them, and then allocating the necessary resources to carry out these actions is known as:A. Decision makingB. PlanningC. OrganizingD. ControllingAnswer: B5. Which of the following is NOT a principle of scientific management according to Frederick W. Taylor?A. Work simplificationB. Scientific selection of workersC. Financial incentives for productivityD. Centralized decision makingAnswer: D6. In the context of management, "leadership" refers to:A. The ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goalsB. The act of supervising employeesC. The process of delegating tasksD. The role of a managerAnswer: A7. Which of the following is NOT a component of the contingency theory of leadership?A. The situationB. The leader's traitsC. The leader's behaviorD. The follower's traitsAnswer: B8. The Hawthorne studies demonstrated that:A. Financial incentives are the most effective motivatorsB. Worker productivity is influenced by a variety of factors, including the work environmentC. Scientific management techniques always improve productivityD. The presence of a supervisor is the key to increased productivityAnswer: B9. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is at the top of the pyramid?A. Safety needsB. Esteem needsC. Social needsD. Self-actualization needsAnswer: D10. In the context of organizational behavior, "groupthink" refers to:A. The tendency for groups to make risky decisionsB. The tendency for groups to make decisions that are too cautiousC. The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than those made by individualsD. The tendency for groups to suppress dissent and conformity to group normsAnswer: D二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between management and leadership.Answer: Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources to achieve specific goals. Leadership, on the other hand, is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goals. While management is more about organizing and controlling, leadership is about inspiring and motivating.2. Describe the four functions of management.Answer: The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning involves setting goals and deciding on actions to achieve them. Organizing is the process of structuring tasks and resources to achieve those goals. Leading involves influencing and motivating employees to work towards the goals. Controlling is the process of monitoring performance and taking corrective action when necessary.3. What is the significance of the Hawthorne studies in the field of management?Answer: The Hawthorne studies were significant because they demonstrated that worker productivity is influenced by a variety of factors, including the work environment and the attention given to workers. These studies challenged the assumptions of classical management theory and led to the development of the human relations movement, which emphasized the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace.4. Explain the concept of "empowerment" in management.Answer: Empowerment in management refers to the process of giving employees the authority, responsibility, and resources to make decisions and take actions that affect their work. Empowerment is believed to increase employee motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity by allowing workers to have more control over their work and to take ownership of their tasks.三、案例分析题（每题20分，共40分）1. Case Study: A company is experiencing high employee turnover and low morale. The management has decided to implement a new employee engagement program to address these issues. Describe how the company can use the principles of motivation and leadership to design and implement this program.Answer: The company can use the principles of motivation and leadership to design and implement the employee engagement program by first understanding the needs and motivations of its employees. They can use Maslow's hierarchy of needs to identify which needs are not being met, such as safety, social, esteem, or self-actualization needs. The company can then develop programs that address these unmet needs, such as providing a safe work environment, opportunities for social interaction, recognition for achievements, and opportunities for personal growth and development.In terms of leadership, the company can train managers to be more effective leaders by using transformational leadership styles that inspire and motivate employees. This can include setting a clear vision for the company, providing support and resources for employees to achieve their goals, and creating a positive work environment where employees feel valued and respected.2. Case Study: A manufacturing company is considering the implementation of a new production technology that requires a significant investment. The management team is divided on whether to proceed with the investment. How can the company use decision-making models and techniques to make an informed decision?Answer: The company can use decision-making models and techniques such as the decision tree analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and SWOT analysis to make an informed decision about the new production technology.The decision tree analysis can help the company visualize the different outcomes and probabilities associated with each decision path, such as investing in the new technology or not. The cost-benefit analysis can help the company quantify the costs and benefits of the investment, including the potential increase in production efficiency and the initial cost of the technology. The SWOT analysis can help the company identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the investment, such as the potential for increased market share and the risk of technological obsolescence.By using these decision-making models and techniques, the company can weigh the pros and cons of the investment and make a more informed decision based on objective data and analysis.以上就是管理学考试题及答案的英语版本，供参考。

管理学原理6-10答案

管理学原理6-10答案CHAPTER 6 LeadingTRUE/FALSE1、By far the most difficult decision situation is uncertainty. F2、A choice made from available alternatives is called a decision。

T3、The classical decision making model assumes that the decision-maker is rational, and makes the optimal decision each time. T4、Decision-making must not be done amid ever-changing factors, unclear information and conflicting points of view. F5、According to the Vroom-Jago Model, leaders should be concerned with decision characteristics like a commitment requirement, problem structure and subordinate conflict. T CHOICE1、A choice made from available alternatives is known as a ___A______.A. decisionB. planC. planned goalD. tacticE. strategy2、The lowest possibility of failure is associated with the condition of: CA. ambiguityB. uncertaintyC. certaintyD. riskE. two of the above3、The classical model of decision making is based on ___C_______ assumptions.A. philosophicalB. irrationalC. economicD. uncertaintyE. industrial4、Which of these is the first step in the managerial decision making process? CA. evaluation and feedbackB. development of alternativesC. recognition of decision requirementD. diagnosis and analysis of causesE. selection of desired alternatives5、Feedback is important because: DA. decision making is a continuous processB. it provides decision-makers with new informationC. it helps determine if a new decision needs to be madeD. all of the aboveE. B and C onlyCHAPTER 7 Designing Adaptive OrganizationsTRUE/FALSE1. Organisational structure refers to the framework in which the organisation defines the way tasks are divided, resources are deployed and departments are coordinated.T2. Authority is the right to use resources, make decisions and issue orders in an organisation. T3. Given the challenges to meet customer needs and adaptto the environment, most organisations today discourage managers to delegate authority to the lower levels.F4. The number of employees reporting to a supervisor is his or her span of management. T5. An advantage of vertical functional structure is its quick response to external changes.TCHOICE1. Which of these refers to the deployment of organisational resources to achieve strategic goals? CA. planningB. controllingC. organizingD. leadingE. strategic management2. Strategy defines _______ to do while organising defines _______ to do it. CA. how, whatB. how, whyC. what, howD. what, whyE. when, what3. Organisation structure is defined as: BA. the visual representation of the organisationB. the framework in which the organisation defined how tasks are divided, resources are deployed, and departments are coordinatedC. the division of labourD. the unbroken line of authority that links all individuals in the organisationE. none of the above4. __________ is the formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions. CA. DelegationB. ResponsibilityC. AuthorityD. LeadershipE. Span of management5. Which of these means that each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor?BA. scalar principleB. unity of commandC. work specialisationD. division of labourE. span of management6．__________ means that decision authority is located near the __________ of the organisation. CA. Centralisation, bottomB. Decentralisation, topC. Centralisation, topD. Centralisation, middleE. None of the above7. Which of the following is a contemporary approach to structural design in departmentalisation? DA. functionalB. divisionalC. matrixD. teamsE. geographic-based8. Advantages of the matrix structure include: EA. It increases employee participation.B. It makes efficient use of human resources.C. It works well in a changing environment.D. It develops both general and specialist management skills.E. All of the above.9. An advantage of the divisional structure is: AA. con cern for customers’ needs is highB. there is little duplication of services across divisionsC. there is good coordination across divisionsD. top management retains tight control of the organisationE. there is no competition for corporate resources10. Disadvantages of the network approach include: DA. a lack of hands-on controlB. the possibility of losing an important part of the organisationC. weakened employee loyaltyD. all of the aboveE. A and C onlyFILL IN THE BLANKS1. A __ flat ____ structure has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, and has fewer hierarchical levels.2. The visual representa tion of an organisation’s structure is called the __ organization__chart____.3. Division of labour is also known as __ work ___ ____ specialization ____.4. The ____ chain of command___ is an unbroken line of authority that links all persons in an organisation and shows who reports to whom.5. _ authority __ is the formal and legitimate right of amanager to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve organisationally desired outcomes.SHORT ANSWER1. Define span of management and explain if there is an ideal span of management. The span of management is the number of employees reporting to a supervisor.不存在。

农业管理英语试题及答案

农业管理英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a primary agricultural product?A. WheatB. CornC. SoybeanD. Automobile2. The main purpose of crop rotation is to:A. Increase crop yieldB. Prevent soil erosionC. Enhance soil fertilityD. Improve crop variety3. What is the most widely used method for pest control in modern agriculture?A. Chemical pesticidesB. Biological controlC. Mechanical controlD. Cultural control4. The practice of organic farming aims to:A. Increase the use of synthetic fertilizersB. Minimize the use of chemical inputsC. Maximize crop production regardless of environmental impactD. Focus solely on crop yield5. What is the primary goal of agricultural extension services?A. To provide farmers with financial loansB. To educate farmers on modern farming techniquesC. To sell agricultural equipment to farmersD. To conduct agricultural research6. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture is mainly for:A. Enhancing crop resistance to diseasesB. Reducing the need for laborC. Increasing the size of the cropsD. Decreasing the cost of production7. Which of the following is not a benefit of drip irrigation in agriculture?A. Water conservationB. Improved soil structureC. Reduced labor costsD. Increased fertilizer use8. The term "sustainable agriculture" refers to:A. Agriculture that can be maintained indefinitelyB. Agriculture that focuses solely on profitC. Agriculture that relies heavily on non-renewable resourcesD. Agriculture that causes significant environmental damage9. What is the role of agricultural cooperatives?A. To compete with large corporationsB. To provide a platform for farmers to sell their productsC. To reduce the importance of farming communitiesD. To discourage the use of modern farming techniques10. The Green Revolution in agriculture was characterized by:A. The widespread use of traditional farming methodsB. The introduction of high-yielding crop varietiesC. A focus on organic farming practicesD. A decrease in the use of agricultural machinery二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants is known as __________.2. The main component of natural fertilizers is __________.3. The use of __________ in agriculture can lead to soil and water pollution.4. The practice of __________ involves planting different crops in the same field over successive seasons.5. The __________ is a global initiative to promote sustainable agricultural practices.6. The __________ is a method of pest control that uses natural enemies to reduce pest populations.7. The __________ is a type of irrigation that delivers water directly to the plant roots.8. The __________ is a system that combines crop andlivestock production to create a sustainable cycle.9. The __________ is a method of farming that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.10. The __________ is a type of agriculture that focuses on the efficient use of resources and minimal environmental impact.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.2. Describe the role of irrigation in agricultural production.3. Discuss the importance of crop diversification in sustainable agriculture.4. What are the challenges faced by small-scale farmers in adopting modern agricultural technologies?四、论述题（每题20分，共20分）1. Discuss the impact of climate change on agricultural production and suggest possible mitigation strategies.答案：一、选择题1. D2. C3. A4. B5. B6. A7. D8. A9. B10. B二、填空题1. Photosynthesis2. Organic matter3. Chemical fertilizers4. Crop rotation5. The International Year of Soils6. Biological control7. Drip irrigation8. Agroecology9. Organic farming10. Precision agriculture三、简答题1. Integrated pest management (IPM) is an approach that focuses on long-term prevention of pests by using a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and the use of resistant varieties. IPM aims to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and reduce the impact on the environment.2. Irrigation is crucial in agricultural production as it provides the necessary water for crop growth, especially in areas with insufficient rainfall. It can increase crop yields, improve the quality of produce, and allow for the cultivation of a wider variety of crops.3. Crop diversification is important in sustainableagriculture as it helps to reduce the risk of crop failuredue to pests or diseases affecting a single crop type.。

华南农业大学继续教育学院2021年第2学期期末考试英语

华南农业大学继续教育学院2021年第2学期期末考试英语1. allow （）. [单选题] *A. activeB. abroad(正确答案)C. ancientD. answer2. clean （）. [单选题] *A. breakB. breakfastC. deal(正确答案)D. heavy3. excuse （）. [单选题] *A. understandB. usually(正确答案)C. upsetD. success4. rely （）. [单选题] *A. reallyB. reply(正确答案)C. simplyD. slowly5. remind （）. [单选题] *A. mistakeB. minuteC. idea(正确答案)D. ski6. Don't tell a lie, little boy! You should be __ honest child. （）. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. ×7. __ is watching TV. Turn it off, will you? （）. [单选题] *A. SomebodyB. Nobody(正确答案)C. AnybodyD. Everybody8. When a driver sees the sign STOP, he _ stop. He _ go on. （）. [单选题] *A. mustn't, mustB. can, can'tC. can't, canD. must, can't(正确答案)9. You have done quite enough work today, now take __ easy for an hour. （）. [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. youC. thatD. them10. There are still twenty minutes left. If we run, we will ____. （）. [单选题] *A. go offB. get itC. make it(正确答案)D. reach11. _______?—It's sunny and windy. （）. [单选题] *A. How is it goingB. Do you like the weatherC. How is it likeD. How is the weather(正确答案)12. —I think drinking milk every morning is good __ our health.—Yes. I agree __ you. （）. [单选题] *A. to, toB. for, with(正确答案)C. at, withD. with, to13. He has never traveled to a foreign country,_? （）. [单选题] *A. does heB. doesn't heC. hasn't heD. has he(正确答案)14. __ is impolite to cut in line when you are waiting for a bus. （）. [单选题] *A. ThisB. TheC. It(正确答案)D. Which15. I look forward to __ from you soon. （）. [单选题] *A. heardB. hearC. hearing(正确答案)D. hears16. —Did you see the film—Rush Hour last night?—No, I didn't. I_ it several times. （）. [单选题] *A. sawB. have seen(正确答案)D. would see17. ___ to ask me for help? （）. [单选题] *A. Why don't comeB. Why not come(正确答案)C. Why you don't comeD. Why not to come18. My grandma didn't go to sleep ___I got back home. （）. [单选题] *A. whereB. whileC. as soon asD. until(正确答案)19. Please tell me how much __ to go to Beijing by air? （）. [单选题] *A. will it costB. will it spendC. it will cost(正确答案)D. it will spend20.―Who taught __ English?——Nobody. She learned it by ___. （）. [单选题] *A. herself, herB. her, herself(正确答案)D. her, her21. There are about __ in our school. （）. [单选题] *A. two thousand studentB. two thousands studentC. two thousand students(正确答案)D. two thousands students22. —What will you do if it ____ tomorrow?—I will stay at home and watch the match on TV. （）. [单选题] *A. rainB. rains(正确答案)C. will rainD. is raining23. Johnson did not show much _____ his father's business. （）. [单选题] *A. concernB. concern about(正确答案)C. concern ofD. care24. _ nice present it is! （）. [单选题] *A. What a(正确答案)B. HowC. WhatD. How a25. —Where is Tom?—He's left a__ saying that he has something important to do. （）. [单选题] *A. excuseB. sentenceC. newsD. message(正确答案)26. Jason ____ an hour playing football every day. （）. [单选题] *A. paysB. takesC. costsD. spends(正确答案)27. This news sounds ___. （）. [单选题] *A. exciting(正确答案)B. excitedC. exciteD. to excite28. Can you say it __ as possible? I cannot hear you clearly. （）. [单选题] *A. as loudB. so loudC. as loudly(正确答案)D. so loudly29. People __ red lanterns here and there in celebration of the Spring Festival. （）. [单选题] *A. hang up(正确答案)B. hang onC. hanged upD. hung on30. In my opinion，breaker(霹雳舞)__ young people. （）. [单选题] *A. popular withB. popular toC. popular inD. is popular only with(正确答案)31. （）. [单选题] *A. andB. but(正确答案)C. soD. for32. （）. [单选题] *A. how much(正确答案)B. how manyC. how oftenD. how long33. （）. [单选题] *A. whereB. whatC. whichD. how(正确答案)34. （）. [单选题] *A. learnB. have learnedC. be learned(正确答案)D. learning35. （）. [单选题] *A. importantB. more important(正确答案)C. less importantD. much important36. （）. [单选题] *A. rightB. wrongC. hardD. easy(正确答案)37. （）. [单选题] *A. use(正确答案)B. rememberC. understandD. know38. （）. [单选题] *A. somethingB. anythingC. everything(正确答案)D. nothing39. （）. [单选题] *A. hisB. their(正确答案)C. theirsD. her40. （）. [单选题] *A. a littleB. a fewC. little(正确答案)D. few41. Mike took the car to a nearby garage because _. （）. [单选题] *A. he wanted to buy a new carB. his father worked thereC. there was something wrong with the car(正确答案)D. there was a cinema near there42. How many hours late was Mike in meeting his father? （）. [单选题] *A. Four.B. Three.C. One.D. Two.(正确答案)43. Mike's father went home __. （）. [单选题] *A. on foot(正确答案)B. by taxiC. by carD. by bus44. Mike's father was angry because _. （）. [单选题] *A. Mike met him too lateB. Mike told a lie to him(正确答案)C. Mike broke his carD. Mike went to the cinema45. We can learn from the story that _. （）. [单选题] *A. Mike’s father was too cruel(残酷的) to MikeB. Mike was a bad boyC. we should not tell a lie(正确答案)D. we should do things on time46. The old man was __. （）. [单选题] *A. GermanyB. AmericanC. English(正确答案)D. Canadian47. “Take his order” here means __. （）. [单选题] *A. put everything in orderB. have some food booked(正确答案)C. eat somethingD. take his turn48. Which of the following sentences is TRUE? （）. [单选题] *A. The woman hadn't been to a cafeteria for the first time.(正确答案)B. The woman was a friend of that man.C. The waiters didn't like to serve him because he was olD. There was nobody eating in the cafeteria.49. From this story, we know if you want to get success in America, you should __. （）. [单选题] *A. take your orderB. know how a cafeteria worksC get up again if you failD. try to get everything by yourself,(正确答案)50. The best title of the story is _·（）. [单选题] *A. From Britain to AmericaB. How a Cafeteria WorksC. Life Is Like a Cafeteria in America(正确答案)D. Eating in an America Cafeteria51. Which of the following is NOT necessary for a young man who wants to drive a car alone? （）. [单选题] *A. He has to pass a driving test to get a full license.B. He has to learn to drive in a driving school.(正确答案)C. He has to get a special two-year driving license.D. He has to reach the age of 17.52. A person can't take money for driving lessons unless he __（）. [单选题] *A. has a full license and a teacher's license(正确答案)B. has a driving schoolC. is good at drivingD. has learned to drive in a driving school53. In the driving test, one __. （）. [单选题] *A. must drive his own carB. has to do some test papersC. is usually asked to drive on roads for half an hour(正确答案)D. should have 212 driving lessons54. The car drivers began to take a driving test in __. （）. [单选题] *A. 1878B. 1904C. 1935(正确答案)D. 197055. The best title for the passage is ___. （）. [单选题] *A. Britain Car DriversB. Young Men’s Driving LicensesC. Tests for British PeopleD. Driving License in Britain(正确答案)56. popular （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many people(正确答案)D. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something57. follow （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go after(正确答案)F. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something58. activity （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be done(正确答案)H. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something59. remind （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something(正确答案)60. Perfect （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without fault(正确答案)I. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something61. ancient （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long ago(正确答案)G. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something62. smart （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinking(正确答案)B. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something63. information （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of facts(正确答案)J. to make someone remember something64. express （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actions(正确答案)E. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something65. celebrate （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very important(正确答案)C. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something66. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?B. This Saturday evening.C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?(正确答案)D. All right.E. Just a moment.67. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?B. This Saturday evening.(正确答案)C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?D. All right.E. Just a moment.68. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?B. This Saturday evening.C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?D. All right.(正确答案)E. Just a moment.69. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?(正确答案)B. This Saturday evening.C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?D. All right.E. Just a moment.70. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?B. This Saturday evening.C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?D. All right.E. Just a moment.(正确答案)。

华农农学院专业英语考试题目答案

South China Agricultural University华南农业大学agricultural college农学院domestic and overseas国内外Agricultural administrative departments管理部门Distinguished著名的Advanced university 高等大学research institution研究机构Ministry of Agriculture of China中国农业部International Rice Research Institute国际水稻研究所China Agricultural University中国农业大学Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO）联合国粮农组织United States Department of Agriculture美国农业部Purdue University普度大学Agricultural college of South China Agricultural University（SCAU）is closely linked with agricultural administrative departments from domestic and overseas、distinguished advanced universities and other research institutions.Such as Ministry of Agriculture of China、International Rice Research Institute、China Agricultural University、Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)、United States Department of Agriculture and Purdue University.In southern China中国南方地区maturity 熟性growth and development 生长发育manufacturing experience 生产经验Rice is the principal cereal crops in southern China，after long-term domestication，it’s maturity、growth、development、etc have adapted to the climate conditions of local region, the farmers of the local region have extensive manufacturing experiences of rice growing, moreover great progress has been made in rice breeding, in short the rice growing of local region is going in the direction of low-power、high-quality and high-yield.参与亚太经全组织对中国的影响是多方面的。

管理学英语习题答案

I.语法、词汇1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A6. A7.A8.C9.D 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.D 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.B 30．C 31.C 32.C 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.A 37.D 38.D 39.A 40.B41.C 42.C 43.D 4.A 45.C 46.A 47.B 48．C 49．B50. C 51.C 52.B 53.B 54.C 55.D 56.B 57.D 58.A 59.C 60.B 61．C 62．B 63．D 64．A 65．B 66．B 67．B 68．D 69．B 70．C 71．C 72．B 73.D 74.A 75．B 76．B 77．B 78.D 79.B 80.CII.完形填空第一题21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A第二题21.C 22.A 23.A 24.D 25.C26.D 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.C31.B 32.C 33.A 34.A 35.C36.A 37.D 38.D 39.B 40.A第三题21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C26. A 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A第四题21.A 22.B 23.D 24.D 25.A26.C 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.A31.D 32.B 33.A 34.C 35.CIII.阅读理解第一题41.C 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.B46.C 47.B 48.A 49.B 50.D51.A 52.C 53.B 54.D 55.C56.B 57.D 58.B 59.A 60.C第二题41. B 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. B46. B 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. D51. C 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. D56. B 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. B第三题36.A 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.D41.B 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.C46.C 47.D 48.A 49.B 50.C51.A 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.C第四题41. B 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. D46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. B51. B 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B56. C 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. DIV.词形转换第一题56. translator 57. increasingly 58. prevention 59. cloudlessly 60. speaking61. appointed 62. additionally 63. finishing 64. led 65. missing,第二题61.actor 62.increasingly 63. cloudy 64 pursuit 65 age 66. embarrassed 67. addition 68.successfully 69. living 70. rationalize第三题61. depending 62. effective 63. be spent 64. addressed 65. desirable66. appearance 67. surprisingly 68. permitting 69. played 70. to followV.句子翻译1. No mater how busy you are, you should try to make it back to the class reunion.2. You should judge by yourself, and not always follow your brother’s lead.3. I enjoyed her new book though it’s not quite as good as her last one.4. The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it.5. Their purpose lies in delaying.6. Every citizen should be entitled to free health care and compulsory education.7. All the students should make full use of opportunities to learn their own courses well.8. Tour is of much help to broaden one’s horizon.9. The American movie was so powerful that all the viewers were lost in its charming story10. It takes some 15 hours to take a plane from New York to Beijing.11. No mater how busy you are, you should try to make it back to the class reunion.12. You should judge by yourself, and not always follow your brother’s lead.13. He bought her what she wanted, regardless of the expenses/costs.14. The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it.15. Their purpose lies in delaying.16. It is unusually hot this year17. Once you begin, you must continue.18. It is obvious that you need more practice.19. But for / Without her mother, she would never have finished her college.20. Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life.。

2022年华南农业大学工商管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A(有答案)

2022年华南农业大学工商管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A（有答案）一、选择题1、依据情景领导理论，当下属有能力但无意愿干领导希望他们干的工作时，以下哪种领导风格最为合适？（）A．告知 B．推销 C．参与 D．授权2、当企业发现自己生产的产品存在安全隐患时，主动召回该产品是在实践（）。

A．社会响应 B．道德准则C．社会义务 D．社会责任3、罗宾斯（Stephen P.Robbins）概括了管理的四项职能，法约尔（Henri Fayol）则概括了管理的五项职能。

前者与后者相比，有三项职能是相同的，不同的一项是（）。

A．领导 B．协调 C．控制 D．组织4、关于计划的实际效果，许多管理学家都进行过仔细研究，其基本结论是（）。

A．制定正式计划的组织比不制定正式计划的组织绩效要好B．制定正式计划的组织不一定就有好的绩效C．制定正式计划会降低组织的灵活性D．好的计划可以消除变化5、公司产品设计部接受了一项紧急任务，该任务的完成需要进行严密的控制，同时又要争取时间和速度。

在这种情况下，最适合采用哪种沟通网络？（）A．Y式沟通网络 B．全通道式沟通网络C．轮式沟通网络 D．环式沟通网络6、管理中与激励问题有关的公平理论是由（）提出的。

A．马斯洛B．麦格雷戈C．赫茨伯格D．亚当斯7、下列选项中哪个不属于“组织”（organization）所共同具有的三个特性？（）A．明确的目的或目标 B．精细的结构C．文化 D．人员8、如下选项中哪个不属于影响计划工作的权变因素？（）A．组织的层次B．权力的大小C．环境的不确定性D．未来投入的持续时间9、在组织设计中，用来描述组织中各项工作标准化以及员工行为受规则和程序约束程度的变量或要素是（）。

A．工作专门化 B．正规化C．管理跨度D．部门化10、在不确定情况下，除了有限信息的影响之外，另一个影响决策结果的因素是（）。

A．风险性 B．环境的复杂性C．决策者心理定位 D．决策的时间压力二、名词解释11、效率12、有限理性决策13、利益相关者14、组织变革15、管理方格理论16、工作专门化与部门化17、差别化战略18、矩阵型结构三、简答题19、解释非正式（社会）网络在团队管理中发挥的作用。

华南农业大学期末考试试卷A卷及练习参考答案管理学基础课件

华南农业大学期末考试试卷（A卷）2008学年第一学期考试科目：管理学基础考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业[Pay attention: please write your answers in the answer sheet][注意：请把答案填写在答题纸上]I．True/False(1 point per statement, total 10 points)1．The four processes of management are completely independent and should be treated as separate activities. 2．Scientific management theorists believed there was "one best way" for a job to be done.3．Development of alternatives is the step between identification of decision criteria and allocation of weights to criteria.4．Individuals who prefer the team role of explorer-promoter are patient and usually have the control skills to ensure that the ideas are followed through in detail.5．If an individual is low in the authority hierarchy, he/she is also not close to the power core.6．Mintzberg found that managers—regardless of the type of organization or the level in the organization—perform similar roles.7．The norming stage of team development is one of intragroup conflict.8．In order to fulfill the grand strategy, managers will seek to position their units so that they can gain a relative advantage over their competition.9．According to Herzberg, working conditions and salary are examples of hygiene factors.10．The method of monitoring, comparing and correcting is what we called controlling process.II．Choose the only one correct answer for each question (2 point per question, total 40 points)1. Which of the following is not one of the six elements of structure?a) work specializationb) chain of commandc) span of controld) technology2. If a college cuts the cost by using mostly part-time teachers and at the same time fails to adequately educate its students, it can be said to be doing the wrong things well. In other words, the college is_____:a) efficient and effectiveb) efficient but not effectivec) effective but not efficientd) neither efficient nor effective3. _____ is the term used to describe the hypotheses of the scientific management theorists and the general administrative theorists.a)Contingency approachb)Human resourcesc)Human relationsd)Classical approach4. Michael Porter proposed that management must select a(n) _____ ,which will give its unit a distinct advantage by capitalizing on the strengths of the organization and the industry it is in.a)growth opportunityb)competitive strategyc)organizational chartd)vision5. An office supply firm that has three departments based upon retail, wholesale, and governmental customers is using which of the following types of departmentalization?a) functionalb) productc) customerd) geographic6. Mary Parker Follet was a social philosopher who taught that organizations should be based on _____ rather than _____.a)individualism; group ethicb)ethics; profitsc)efficiency; profitsd)group ethic; individualism7. Which of the following is not a result of work that has become too specialized?a)fatigueb)low productivityc)poor qualityd)lower turnover8. Creative College is opening a satellite（卫星）campus to accommodate working adults. Creative College is pursuing a(n) _____ strategy.a)acquisitionb)retrenchmentc)growthd)combination9. The management theory jungle was developed by_____.a)Maslowb)Herzbergc)Ouchid)Koontz10. Jim has the ability to "dock"(扣去) paychecks of employees who arrive at work past 9:05 AM. What kind of power does Jim possess?a)coercive powerb)legitimate powerc)expert powerd)referent power11. Linda has spent the day trying to determine what the role of their company. Goals were then developed based on their vision of the company's mission. Linda spent her day on the _____ process.a) planningb) organizingc) leadingd) controlling12. Which of the following is a hidden aspect of organizational behavior?a)strategiesb)technologyc)group normsd)formal authority13. Deborah's work team does its own hiring and scheduling and is even responsible for evaluating each other's performance. Deborah is part of a _____ team.a)self-managedb)virtualc)problem-solvingd)cross-functional14. Harry's Company apparently has overgrown its market. It can no longer compete successfully due to its size and formalization. Thus it is reducing its size in order to once again become competitive. This is known as which of the following strategies?a)growthb)stabilityc)retrenchmentd)combination15. Who developed Theory X and Theory Y?a)McGregorb)Maslowc)McClellandd)Herzberg16. Jill has been teaching for 18 years. Each day she arrives at work smiling and ready to teach another room full of students. She loves her job. This describes which of the following?a)job satisfactionb)job involvementc)organizational developmentd)organizational commitment17. When we describe people in terms such as quiet, introvert, aggressive or loyal, we are addressing _____.a)attitudesb)behaviorsc)needs and wantsd)personality traits18. A structure that is high in specialization, formalization, and centralization is a(n) _____.a)strategic organizationb)mechanistic organizationc)organic organizationd)matrix organization19. The managers who work most closely with the operatives are known as_____.a)top managementb)middle managementc)first-line managersd)operative managers20. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that an individual begins by satisfying _____ needs.a)self-actualizationb)esteemc)physiologicald)safetyⅢNotion explanation. (4 points each notion, total 20 points)1.MBO2.Hawthorne effect3.Boundaryless organization4.Social loafing5.BenchmarkingIV Medium-length answer. (10 points each question, total 20 points)1.What are differences between functional and divisional structures? Give an example for these two types ofbureaucratic structure.2.What are Mintzberg’s managerial roles? Cite examples of activities managers you know would do whenperforming these roles.V Reading comprehension. (Choose the only one correct answer for each question. 2 point per question, total 10 points)Nike is the number one sports brand in the World. The market for sports shoes and garments(服装) is very competitive. Phil Knight (Founder and CEO) is often quoted as saying that ‘Business is war without b ullets.’The war is especially intense(激烈) in today’s economic declination. Over the past years, Nike has gained its success partly from the competency at research and development, as is evidenced by its evolving and innovative product range. However, the income of the business is still heavily dependent upon its share of the footwear market. Nike has no factories. It does not tie up cash in buildings and manufacturing workers. They then manufacture wherever they can produce high quality product at the lowest possible price. Interestingly, consumers that wear Nike product do not always buy it to participate in sport. Some would argue that in youth culture especially, Nike is a fashion(时尚) brand. Nike actively sponsors(赞助) activities such as the World Cup (soccer) and The Olympics to gain reputation in emerging markets such as China.1. Nike heavily depends upon the footwear market to make profit would be classified as which of the following?a) weaknessb) strengthc) threatd) opportunity2. The fact that the market for sports shoes and garments is very competitive would be which of the following?a) weaknessb) strengthc) threatd) opportunity3. Nike continues to bring evolving and innovative product range would be classified as which of the following?a) weaknessb) strengthc) threatd) opportunity4. Nike is a fashion brand among youngsters would be classified as which of the following?a) weaknessb) strengthc) threatd) opportunity5. The economic declination is a_____ factor for Nike.a) positiveb) neutralc) negatived) normal华南农业大学期末考试答题纸（A卷）2008学年第一学期考试科目：管理学基础考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业II．Choose the only one correct answer for each question (2 points each question, total 40 points). Notion explanation. (4 points each notion, total 20 points)6.MBOManagement by objectives (2 points)Four elements: jointly determined objectives; explicit time period; specific objectives; periodically review (0.5 each)7.Hawthorne effectSocial norms or standards are the key determinants of individual behavior in a group. (4 points)8.Boundaryless organizationAn organization that is not defined or limited by boundaries or categories imposed by traditional structures; attempt to eliminate vertical, horizontal, and inter-organizational barriers. (4 points)9.Social loafingThe tendency of an individual in a group to decrease his or her effort because responsibility and individual achievement cannot be measured. (4 points)10.BenchmarkingSearching for best practices among competitors and noncompetitors. (4 points)IV Medium-length answer. (10 points each question, total 20 points)3.What are differences between functional and divisional structures? Give an example for these two types ofbureaucratic structure.Functional structure refers to an organization in which similar and related occupational specialties are grouped together. (1 point)The strength lies in the advantages that accrue from work specialization. Results in economies of scale, minimizes duplication, satisfy employees etc. (2 points)but people tend to lose sight of the best interests of the organization as a whole; no one function is totally responsible for the results. (2 points)A company divides its department into accounting, hr, producing, marketing employed the functional structure. (2 point)Divisional structure is made up of self-contained units. (1 point)It focuses on results, frees the headquarters staff from being concerned with operating details; but the major disadvantage lies in the duplication of activities and resources. (2 points)Companies like GE and PepsiCo have the divisional structure. (1 point)4.What are Mintzberg’s managerial roles? Cite examples of activities managers you know would do whenperforming these roles.Interpersonal—roles consist of being the figurehead for the organization, assuming the leadership role, and acting as a liaison for the organization. Examples (3 points)Informational—roles consist of being a monitor of current information which is then dispersed to employees needing that information; also involves being the spokesperson for the organization. Examples (3 points) Decisional—roles consist of being an entrepreneur for the organization, handling disturbances, allocating resources, and negotiating. Examples (4 points)V Reading comprehension. (Choose the only one correct answer for each question. 2 point per question,1. FTFFT FTTTTddcdc dbbcbH．FTTTF FTFTTAcbabcd3. FTFTF TFFFTccbcc dcbdc aadbc dacacdba5.TTFFF TFFTTDABDC CACAD C1.What is the difference between line authority and staff authority?Line authority entitles a manager to direct the work of an employee. Staff authority functions to support, assist, advise, and generally reduce some of the informational burdens of those with line authority.pare and contrast authority and power.●Authority comes from the position, not the person.●Power is the ability of an individual to influence decisions, which may not be reflected in their levelof authority. French and Raven suggested five bases of power: reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, and expert.●Authority is a two dimensional concept while the power is a three-dimensional one. One shouldmove up in the hierarchy to gain higher authority, but in order to be more powerful, managers could move up or move inward to have closer relationship with those people representing the power core.3.set an example to clarify each of five types of departmentalization that are available. Departmentalization types examples (departments in certain organization)Functional marketing, HR, R&D, financing etc.Product food, clothes, home appliances, etc.Customer personal clients, government, VIP etc.Geographic Great China, North America, EUProcess validation, registration, payment, etc.4.What is a matrix structure? What is its primary strength? What are its major disadvantages?●Matrix structure—an organization in which specialists from functional departments are assigned towork on one or more projects led by a project manager.●Primary strength—can facilitate coordination of a multiple set of complex and interdependentprojects, while still retaining the economies that result from keeping functional specialists groupedtogether.●Major disadvantages—creates confusion and has a propensity to sponsor power struggles.pare functional and divisional structure.Both are bureaucratic design of organizations.●Functional structure groups similar or related occupational specialties together. While divisionalstructure is self-contained, composed of autonomous units or divisions, with managers having fully responsibility for a product or service.●Advantages of functional structure accrue from work specialization. 1. putting like specialtiestogether results in economies of scale, minimizes duplication of personnel and equipment; 2. itmakes employees comfortable and satisfied since they have same interests.Chief advantage of divisional structure is that it focuses on results, also it frees the headquarters staff from operating details so that they can focus on long-term strategic planning.●Weaknesses of functional structure: organizational interests might be lost in pursuit of functionalgoals; no one function is totally responsible for results; members become insulated and have littleunderstanding about peers in other functions.The major disadvantage of divisional structure is the duplication of activities and resources.。

《管理学原理(Chapter One：Managers and Management)》习题与答案

Chapter One: Managers and ManagementMultiple Choice Questions1. When we classify managers according by their level in the organization they are described as _______.a. functional, staff and line managersb. top managers, middle managers and supervisorsc. high level and lower level managersd. general managers and administrative managers2. Conceptual skills relate to a manager’s ability toa. take a strategic view of how the parts of the organization function.b. solve detailed problems in groups.c. correctly evaluate organizational problems.d. understand and interact effectively with others in the organization.3. The ability to build networks and power bases that increase one’s power in the organization is referred to as _____.a. influence skillb. political skillc. controllingd. strategic skill4. A manager is someone whoa. actually performs the service or produces the product.b. works anonymously behind the scenes.c. sets the goals of the organization.d. supervises the work of others.5. Which of the following skills is most important for top managers (CEO’s)?a. Interpersonalb. Technicalc. Functionald. Conceptual6. A manager who has a reputation for being open and honest and understands how to motivate employees and customers is said to have good ________ skills.a. salesb. politicalc. Interpersonald. technical7. Annie’s Pies produces cakes and pies that come in 207 different flavors that are shipped across theUSA. Each week, 3 or 4 new flavors are added. Annie’s produces high quality cakes and pies using the best ingredients, it wastes little, and few employees work overtime because the business operatesa. effectively.b. reliably.c. efficiently.d. flexibly.8. Doing a job in a way that achieves results without wasting any resources is referred to as being ______.a. effective.b. efficientc. conservatived. Both a and b.9. The importance of managerial roles varies depending on the _____.a. manager’s salaryb. manager’s acceptance by the employeesc. size of the organizationd. length of time the manager has worked in the organization10. According to Mintzberg, which management category includes the roles of figurehead, leader, andliaison?a. interpersonalb. informationalc. decisionald. planning11. Which of the following roles is categorized as a decisional role?a. Monitorb. Disseminatorc. Resource allocatord. Leader12. An organization must contain all except which of the following characteristics?a. purposeb. peoplec. structured. product13. An organization is commonly considered aa. systematic arrangement of people to sell goods or services.b. structural grouping of people to accomplish a set of objectives.c. structural grouping of managers and subordinates who are attempting to increase profits.d. systematic grouping of people to establish procedures, rules, and regulations.14. Operatives can BEST be described asa. Those who actually do the tasks of an organization.b. Those who work anonymously behind the scenes.c. Manual laborers.d. Those who supervise others.15. The managers who work most closely with the operatives are known asa. top management.b. middle management.c. first-line managers.d. operative managers.16. The level of management that translates the goals of the organization into specific plans that lower-level managers can perform is known asa. top management.b. middle management.c. first-line managers.d. operative managers.17. _____ are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and establishingpolicies that affect all organizational members.a. Operativesb. Top managersc. Middle managersd. First-line supervisors18. Performing the task right and considering the relationship between inputs and outputs isa. effectiveness.b. goal attainment.c. efficiency.d. a management characteristic.19. If you get more output for a given input, you havea. decreased effectiveness.b. increased effectiveness.c. decreased efficiency.d. increased efficiency.20. In an organization, _____ translate(s) into goal attainment.a. effectivenessb. efficiencyc. resource minimizationd. managerial functions21. If a college cuts the cost of an education by using mostly part-time faculty and at the same time failsto adequately educate its students, it can be said to be doing the wrong things well. In other words, the college isa. efficient and effective.b. efficient but not effective.c. effective but not efficient.d. neither efficient nor effective.22. Tim's Tire Shop is concerned only with using the least amount of labor possible as it repairs/replaces the tires of its customers. Its primary goal isa. effectiveness.b. goal attainment.c. efficiency.d. management characteristics.23. All of the following are included in the four components of the management process excepta. planning.b. organizing.c. leading.d. delegating.24. Mintzberg grouped the ten managerial roles into three primary headings. Which of the following isnot one of these headings?a. interpersonal relationshipsb. transfer of informationc. planningd. decision making25. As managers move up the organization, they do lessa. leadingb. controllingc. planningd. organizing26. Which of the following roles is most important for managers in small firms?a. disseminatorb. leaderc. spokespersond. figurehead27. Katz developed four critical skills that managers must possess. Which of the following is not one ofthose four skills?a. conceptualb. interpersonalc. technicald. connection28. Angelo is well known for his skills in using the advanced programming software of the engineeringfield. In fact, it was his specialized knowledge that led to his promotion as manager. Which managerial skill is Angelo demonstrating?a. conceptualb. interpersonalc. technicald. political29. Nancy’s strength as a manager lies in her ability to work with people. She is able to work with,motivate, and lead others easily. Nancy is demonstrating which managerial skill?a. conceptualb. interpersonalc. technicald. political30. Which of the following is not true about operatives?a. They have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others.b. They work directly on a job or task.c. They have no more than four employees who report directly to them.d. A person on an assembly line could be described as an operative.31. The managerial concept that focuses on task completion isa. efficiency.b. of little concern for first-line managers.c. mostly the job of top managers.d. effectiveness.32. Which one of the following best demonstrates the concept of efficient management?a. Getting activities completed.b. Maximizing output.c. Maintaining output with fewer resources.d. Increasing output and input.33. When a manager fails to complete the department's tasks but has used the resources sparingly andwisely, the results are said to bea. efficient and effective.b. efficient and ineffective.c. inefficient and effective.d. inefficient and ineffective.34. The planning function of management includesa. directing the activities of others.b. monitoring an organization's performance.c. comparing actual results with plans.d. establishing an organization's goals.35. The organizing function of management includesa. how tasks are to be grouped.b. conflict resolution among subordinates.c. comparison of actual results with a budget.d. definition of an organization's goals.36. The activities of motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communicationchannels, and resolving conflicts refer to which management function?a. planning.b. organizing.c. leading.d. controlling.37. When a famous speaker, Such as the President of the United States, addresses a college graduatingclass, he or she is exhibiting Mintzberg's role ofa. liaison.b. disturbance handler.c. disseminator.d. figurehead.38. Concerning Mintzberg's managerial roles, which of the following statements is MOST accurate?a. Managers perform essentially different roles in different types of organizations.b. Managers perform essentially different roles at different levels of an organization.c. The emphasis managers give the various roles differs with various organizational levels.d. Roles of figurehead, disseminator, and liaison seem to be most appropriate for first-line managers.39. Which of the following statements is LEAST correct?a. Regardless of the organizational level, managers perform essentially the same functions.b. Most managerial functions are the same throughout the world.c. Small or large organizations perform essentially the same functions.d. The entrepreneurial role is more prevalent in small organizations than in large ones.40. Management is BEST described as the process ofa. personally completing tasks in an efficient manner.b. efficiently completing tasks with the help of others.c. using scarce resources to minimize output.d. organizing activities over a long period of time.Chapter Three: Foundations of PlanningMultiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following is not included in the definition of planning?a. Define the organization’s objectives or goals.b. Establish an overall strategy for achieving these objectives or goals.c. Allocate resources and develop a chain of communication.d. Develop a hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities.2. Which of the following is an argument against formal planning?a. Planning focuses on the future.b. Planning may create rigidity.c. Planning replaces creativity.d. Planning ignores prior successes.3. Which of following is not one of the reasons why managers should engage in planning as that wasstated in the text?a. Planning reduces cost.b. Planning minimizes waste and redundancy.c. Planning provides direction.d. Planning facilitates control.4. Plans that determine specific details about organizational objectives that are to be achieved arecalleda. strategic plans.c. long-term plans.d. detailed plans.5. Successful plans may providea. a false sense of security.b. only success.c. increased awareness of the environment.d. increased awareness of change.6. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?a. Many studies confirm the positive relationship between planning and performance.b. All organizations that plan extensively outperform those that plan less formally.c. All organizations that plan outperform those that do not.d. Many studies confirm that planning does not lead to greater performance because labor unionsare weak.7. _____ plans are differentiated by their breadth.a. Directional and specificb. Single use and standingc. Strategic and tacticald. Long-term and short-term8. Which of the following is not a popular way to describe plans?a. breadthb. time framec. specificityd. length9. Tactical and strategic plans differ in all of the following ways excepta. time frame.b. scope.c. known set of organizational objectives.d. environmental effects.10. The greater the uncertainty, the more plans should be of the _____ variety.a. long-termb. short-termc. intermediate in lengthd. rigid11. When uncertainty is high and management must maintain flexibility, which of the following types ofplans are preferable?a. long-term plansb. no plansc. directional plansd. specific plans12. Which type of plan is used to meet a particular or unique situation?b. operational planc. single-use pland. standing plan13. Which of the following is not a step in objective setting?a. Specify deadlines.b. Allow the employee to actively participate.c. Link rewards to effort.d. Prioritize goals.14. Each MBO objective must havea. a percentage change specified.b. a concise time period.c. a reference to quality.d. a specified dollar amount.15. MBO advocates participative goal setting. Research comparing participative set and assigned goalson performancea. shows consistently higher performance with participatively set goals.b. shows consistently lower performance with participatively set goals.c. has not shown any strong or consistent relationships.d. has been biased by the researchers.16. Which of the following is not an ingredient in MBO programs?a. goal specificityb. participative decision makingc. performance feedbackd. general time period17. According to the philosophy of MBO,a. Feedback occurs at the annual performance reviewb. Goals follow a top-down approachc. Goals typically are broad, general statements of intentd. Constant feedback is provided18. MBO assists in answering "What's in it for me as an employee" bya. Linking rewards to goal attainmentb. Identifying employees' key job tasksc. Allowing employees to participate activelyd. Prioritizing goals19. Managers can overcome the criticisms of management by objectives bya. ensuring that employees have multiple goals.b. treating MBO as a single-event activity.c. punishing employees who fail to achieve goals.d. rewarding employees for setting easy goals.20. Which of the following is not a component of the MBO process?a. Objectives are determined jointly by subordinates and supervisorb. Progress towards objectives is reviewed every three months.c. Employees are given ratings based on reaching specific targetsd. Rewards are based on progress towards achieving objectives.21. Which of the following is a nine-step process that involves strategic planning, implementation, andevaluation?a. decision-making processb. strategic management processc. tactical management processd. long-range planning process22. In environmental SWOT analysis, the external organizational position is analyzed according to itsa. strengths and weaknesses.b. opportunities and weaknesses.c. strengths and threats.d. opportunities and threats.23. The starting point in strategic management process is usuallya. analyzing current mission, strategies and objectives.b. identifying opportunities and threats.c. conducting an environmental scan.d. identifying opportunities and weaknesses.24. After analyzing and learning about the environment, management needs to evaluate opportunitiesand threats. Opportunities area. internal resources.b. unmet needs.c. positive external environmental factors.d. internal competitive strategies.25. Which of the following is NOT a grand strategy that an organization can use for defining its all-encompassing focus?a. Stability strategyb. Market gain strategyc. Growth strategyd. Combination strategy26. Tim's Company is analyzing the technology that allows it to produce wireless communication equipment for less money. This technological breakthrough for Tim's Company is which of the following?a. strengthb. weaknessc. opportunityd. threat27. SWOT analysisa. Matches the organization's competencies with its environmental forcesb. Sometimes involves industrial espionage tacticsc. Occurs during the mission statement formulationd. Is most useful for helping an organization sustain its competitive28. The type of organizational strategy that emphasized increasing market share or the level of anorganization's operations is calleda. Stability Strategyb. Combination strategyc. Market gain strategyd. None of the above29. When Northwest Airlines began serving its own in-flight meals, which of the following strategies wasit pursuing?a. growthb. stabilityc. retrenchmentd. combination30. Larry's Company is in the process of buying a smaller competitor and incorporating that company'sresources into his business. This is an example of which of the following types of strategies?a. mergerb. stabilityc. retrenchmentd. acquisition31. Strategy formulation involves__________.a. developing and evaluating a set of alternative strategiesb. evaluating a set of alternative strategies and selecting the best for each levelc. selecting a strategy that will increase the level of operationsd. completing a SWOT analysis32. Susan's Ceramics is expanding the size of its unfinished products while decreasing the amount offiring and finishing of products it does. This is known as which of the following strategies?a. growthb. stabilityc. retrenchmentd. combination33. A company states that its product is reliable, even to the extent of never needing a service call, suchas Maytag, is practicing which of the following competitive strategies?a. cost-leadership strategyb. differentiation strategyc. focus strategyd. retrenchment strategy34. Lila's Luscious Lips produces a cherry flavored lipstick and is targeting the "teen" girl who is between 12 and 14 years old. The strategy pursued isa. cost leadership.b differentiation.c. focus.d. segmentation.35. The premise behind _____ is to design in quality as the product is being made.a. six sigmab. TQMc. reengineeringd. benchmarking36. A large discount store, like Wal-Mart, whose primary goal is to have the lowest prices in the industry,is using which of the following strategies to maintain a competitive advantage?a. cost-leadership strategyb. differentiation strategyc. focus strategyd. retrenchment strategy37. According to Michael Porter, the goal of the focus strategy is toa. exploit a narrow segment of the market.b. seek competitive advantages in large market segments.c. use technological innovation to target customers more accurately.d. bring suppliers and distributors together and combine efforts.38. Who determines employee goals in MBO?a. employeesb. managersc. managers and employeesd. managers and the CEO39. The basic idea in _____ is that management can improve quality by analyzing and copying the methods of the leaders in the field.a. reengineeringb. benchmarkingc. TQMd. six sigma40. Which of the following is not a competitive strategy that a business may use in order to gaina distinctadvantage, according to Michael Portera. retrenchmentb. cost-leadershipc. focusd. differentiationChapter Four: Foundations of Decision MakingMultiple Choice Questions1. __________ is not one of the eight steps in the decision making process.a. Identifying the problemb. Analyzing alternative solutionsc. Implementing the decisiond. Delegating the decision making2. Which of the following sequences is correct for the decision-making Process?a. Identify decision criteria, analyze alternatives, allocate weights to criteriab. Analyze alternatives, select an alternative, implement the alternativec. Select an alternative, evaluate decision effectiveness, weight the criteriad. Analyze alternatives, develop alternatives, allocate weights to criteria3. Once a problem is formulated, the next step is toa. Select an alternativeb. List all possible Solutionsc. Observe a discrepancyd. Decide what is critical in the decision4. When a manager who is contemplating all the features a new purchase should have prioritizes themost important, he or she is practicinga. selection of criteriab. problem formulationc. weighting of criteriad. analyzing alternatives5. After implementation has been accomplisheda. The decision-making process is completeb. The control function of management become importantc. The alternatives are rankedd. The manager must complete written evaluation forms6. When a plant manager who is trying to reduce turnover of production workers notices that turnoverhas decreased by 10 percent four months after he instituted a new training program, at which step in the rational decision-making process is this manager?a. Identify the problem.b. Evaluate the decision criteria.c. Analyze the alternatives.d. Evaluate the results.7. According to the concept of bounded rationality, decision makers are limited by _______.a. less than complete informationb. environmentc. timed. All of the above.8. __________ is selecting the first minimally acceptable alternative.a. Bounded rationalityb. Unbounded rationalityc. Satisficingd. Rational decision-making9. Suppose that you need a math elective to take in order to graduate. There are five different courses you could take. You call one friend and, on the basis of her terrific experience in onecourse, you choose that one. What would Herbert Simon call what you have just done?a. Bounded rationalityb. Unbounded rationalityc. Escalation of commitmentd. Rational decision-making10. ______________ occurs when a manager purchases stock in a company and refuses to sell it evenafter it has dropped 40 percent in value over the past 6 months.a. Optimizingb. Satisficingc. Bounded Rationalityd. Escalation of Commitment11. ____________ is one of the disadvantages of group decisions that typically results in groups thatare very cohesive.a. Conflictb. Groupthinkc. Dominationd. Compromise12. Which of the following is an advantage of group decision-making when compared to individualdecision-making?a. The group process takes less time.b. Groupthink may occur.c. More decision alternatives are generated.d. One person can dominate the group.13. Bounded rationality refers to the idea thata. Managers are bound by ethical considerations to be rationalb. Managers will promote rationalization as an aid to decision makingc. Managers employ model construction to simplify decision makingd. Managers are to behave according to rational guidelines within the bounds of their authority inthe workplace14. The tendency for decision makers to base their judgments on information that is readily accessibleto them is best described asa. Escalation of commitmentb. Representative heuristicc. Bounded rationalityd. None of the above15. “Decision making under risk” means ____________.a. the decision has no data on which to base his or her decisionb. the decision maker is used to dealing with high-risk situationsc. the decision maker knows all of the risks involved in the situationd. the decision maker can estimate the risk involved in making a decision16. How do managers know when they have a disparity or discrepancy in the decision-making process?The best way is to compare their current state and some standard. Which of the following would not be a relevant standard?a. previously set goalsb. past performancec. the performance of some unit in or out of the organizationd. use future projections17. Putting a decision into action and conveying the decision to the persons who will be affected by it isknown asa. problem identification.b. decision implementation.c. rational decision making.d. irrational decision making.18. When decisions must be made with limited information because full knowledge of the problem isunavailable and the probability of outcomes is unknown, the condition of __________ exists.a. uncertaintyb. certaintyc. riskd. bounded rationality19. Which of the following is not an assumption of the rational decision-making model?a. The problem is clear and unambiguous.b. A single well-defined goal is to be achieved.c. Preferences change slowly.d. Final choice will maximize economic payoff.20. Creativity is formed when the elements of creative skills, expertise, and _____ intersect.a. personalityb. experiencec. task motivationd. None of the above.21. In the decision-making process known as bounded rationality,a. the final choice maximizes economic payoff.b. the final choice minimizes economic payoff.c. the first choice that is "good enough" is chosen.d. all "good enough" choices are selected.22. Jane just conducted the performance appraisals of five of her employees. Her appraisal was heavilyinfluenced by the performance of the individuals during the last month. Jane's bias is an example ofa. availability heuristic.b. representative heuristic.c. escalation of commitment.d. optimal decision making.23. The decision-making process concludes witha. analysis of alternatives.b. identification of a problem.c. identification of decision criteria.d. evaluation of decision effectiveness.24. Problems where information is ambiguous or incomplete are which type of problem?a. well-structuredb. ill-structuredc. programmedd. nonprogrammed25. Well-structured problems area. Newb. Closely aligned with the assumptions of perfect rationalityc. Ambiguousd. Characterized by limited information26. When a decision maker relies on a programmed decision, he or Shea. may fall back on rules, procedures, or policiesb. will develop many alternatives from which to select a solutionc. will spend considerable time on the decisiond. must be dealing with a unique or unusual problem27. A procedure can be defined as aa. method to guide a manager's thinking in one general direction.b. hierarchy of authority relationships in an organization.c. series of interrelated sequential steps for problem solving.d. collection of explicit statements about what a manager can or cannot do.28. A rule is BEST described by which of the following?a. A general guideline designed to direct a manager's focus.b. A series of interrelated sequential steps.c. A prohibition against desired activity.d. An explicit and specific statement of correct behavior.29. A policy typically containsa. parameters to constrain behavior, not specific rules.b. nothing but explicit, unambiguous terminology.c. a sequence of steps to follow for approved decision making.d. specific rules.30. "Whenever possible, we promote from within" is an example of which of the following?a. ruleb. procedurec. policyd. nonprogrammed decision31. "Only employees with top-secret clearance may enter the sealed room," is an example of aa. rule.b. procedure.c. policy.d. nonprogrammed decision.32. As managers move up the organizational hierarchy, problems are more likely to becomea. well-structured.b. ill-structured.c. programmed.d. nonprogrammed.33. A conceptual style of decision-making reflects an individual whoa. thinks intuitively and has a low tolerance for ambiguity.b. thinks rationally and has a high tolerance for ambiguity.c. thinks intuitively and has a high tolerance for ambiguity.d. thinks rationally and has a low tolerance for ambiguity.34. Peggy Juarez uses a decision-making style characterized by low tolerance for ambiguity and a rational way of thinking. They generally turn out to be fast decisions of a short run nature. What style does Peggy use?a. analyticb. conceptualc. directived. behavioral35. Which of the following is not true about group decisions?a. Group decisions are faster.b. Group decisions tend to be more accurate.c. Group decisions are more creative.d. Group decisions are more widely accepted.36. Group decisions will usually be Superior to individual decisions whena. speed is a concern.b. accuracy is critical.c. minimizing the tendency of groupthink is importantd. flexibility is needed.37. Which of the following is NOT an example of a situation in which groupthink occurs?a. Group members rationalize any resistance to the assumptions they have made.b. Group members apply direct pressure on those who express doubts.c. Group members avoid openly showing lack of consensus.d. Group members question those who are silent and try to sway them.38. Bounded rationality differs from the rational model in that decision makers:a. act irrationally.b. focus on easy-to-find choices.c. seek advice from employees.d. act outside the boundaries set by their organizations.。

管理学英语考试题及答案

管理学英语考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a function of management?A. PlanningB. OrganizingC. ControllingD. Innovating答案：D2. The process of setting goals and deciding on actions to achieve these goals is known as:A. ControllingB. OrganizingC. PlanningD. Leading答案：C3. According to the classical management theory, which of the following is NOT a principle of scientific management?A. Division of workB. Scientific selection and training of workersC. Standardization of tools and working conditionsD. Employee motivation答案：D4. In management, the term "span of control" refers to:A. The number of subordinates a manager can effectively manageB. The range of authority a manager hasC. The number of tasks a manager is responsible forD. The number of departments a manager oversees答案：A5. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a learning organization?A. Continuous learning and improvementB. Open communicationC. Resistance to changeD. Commitment to shared vision答案：C6. The process of influencing people to contribute towards organizational goals is known as:A. LeadingB. ControllingC. OrganizingD. Planning答案：A7. Which of the following is NOT a component of the management process?A. Decision makingB. Resource allocationC. MotivationD. Profit maximization答案：D8. The management concept that emphasizes the importance of the social and psychological needs of employees is known as:A. Scientific managementB. Human relations movementC. Systems theoryD. Contingency theory答案：B9. The process of comparing actual performance with planned performance is known as:A. OrganizingB. ControllingC. PlanningD. Leading答案：B10. Which of the following is NOT a type of organizational culture?A. BureaucraticB. ClanC. MarketD. Hierarchical答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The four basic functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and ______.答案：controlling2. The management process begins with ______, which involves setting objectives and determining courses of action.答案：planning3. ______ is the process of implementing plans through theuse of organizational resources.答案：organizing4. ______ is the process of directing and motivating employees to achieve organizational goals.答案：leading5. ______ is the process of monitoring performance to ensure that activities are carried out as planned.答案：controlling6. ______ is a management approach that focuses on the importance of the social and psychological needs of employees. 答案：Human relations movement7. ______ is the process of influencing people to contribute towards organizational goals in a way that ensures their personal needs are also satisfied.答案：motivation8. The ______ of control refers to the extent to which managers can effectively monitor and correct deviations from standards.答案：effectiveness9. ______ is the process of identifying the causes of deviations from standards and taking corrective action.答案：corrective action10. ______ is the process of planning and implementing the organization's goals, policies, and procedures.答案：strategic management三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between planning and controlling in management.答案：Planning is the process of setting objectives and determining courses of action to achieve those objectives. Controlling, on the other hand, is the process of monitoring performance to ensure that activities are carried out as planned and taking corrective action when necessary.2. What are the characteristics of a learning organization?答案：A learning organization is characterized by continuous learning and improvement, open communication, a shared vision, and a culture that encourages innovation and adaptability.3. Describe the significance of the human relations movementin management.答案：The human relations movement emphasizes the importanceof the social and psychological needs of employees in theworkplace. It suggests that managers should focus on creating a positive work environment, fostering good relationships among employees, and providing support and recognition to enhance job satisfaction and productivity.4. What is the role of motivation in the management process? 答案：Motivation plays a crucial role in the management process as it influences people to contribute towards organizational goals. Motivated employees are more likely to be engaged, productive, and committed to the success of the organization. Managers must understand and address the different motivational needs of their employees to create a high-performing and satisfied workforce.。

华农-《管理学试卷》(样题)2016-17学年第 2学期

装订线华南农业大学期末考试试卷（样题）2016-2017学年第2学期考试科目：管理学原理考试类型：（闭卷）考试考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业题号一二三四五……总分得分评阅人一、选择题（本大题共22小题，每小题1分，共22分）1、以下属于中层管理者的职位是：（）A.系主任B.人事主管C.工厂厂长D.财务总监2、下列能区别管理职位和非管理职位的是（）A.工资金额的多少B.是否协调他人的工作C.是否组织新的项目D.是否拥有技术技能3、管理者需要的三种关键的管理技能不包括：（）A.技术技能B.人际技能C.组织技能D.概念技能4、（）提出了14项管理原则，并认为这些管理原则广泛适用于任何管理系统。

A.玛丽.福莱特B.马克斯.韦伯C.亚当.斯密D.亨利.法约尔5、霍桑研究对( )管理理念产生了巨大的影响。

A.高层管理承诺的重要性B. 组织中个人行为的重要性C.组织中科学原则的重要性D. 组织通过多种方式运用官僚等级原则6、强文化由( )表征A.强烈坚持并广泛共享的基本价值观B. 优先权和价值的高度多样化C.管理万能论D.管理象征论7、价值观属于组织外部环境中的：（）A.经济部分B.人口部分C.法律部分D.社会文化部分得分8、（）强调道德的强制约束，使社会环境变好而不是变坏。

A、社会责任B、社会义务C、社会响应D、问题强度9、如果管理者决定成本、速度和扩张的能力是预期决定购买一台新影印机相关的标准，那么该管理者处于决策制定的( )阶段。

A.为决策标准分配权重B.分析备选方案C.形成备选方案D.选择备选方案10、权变理论中，权变变量不包括：（）A.组织规模B.个体差异C.资金的差异D.环境的不确定11、目标设定过程有五个步骤，第一步是（）A.确定个体目标同时考虑相关因素B.审视组织的使命C.评估可利用的资源D.回顾结构，审视目标是否实现12、一家快餐公司拥有对市场、财务和人事集中管理的中央办公室，那么它采用的是（）部门化。

管理学原理（双语）各章课后作业题答题要点

管理学原理（双语）各章课后作业题答题要点2013 “Fundamentals of Management”Referential answers for assignmentsChapter1: Managers and ManagementQ4 Is your course instructor a manager? Discuss in terms of both planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Also discuss using Mintzberg’s managerial roles approach.Answer– A college instructor is both an individual contributor and a manager. Planning (defines class goals, establishes plans for achieving goals, and develops lesson plans), organizing(execution and class participation), leading(motivating students, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, resolve conflicts) , controlling(grading).Mintzberg’s managerial r ole s: Interpersonal roles: the roles of leader and liaison. Informational roles: monitor and disseminator. Decisional roles: disturbance handler and resource allocator.Q7 Why are managers important to organizations?Answer–Managers are individuals in an organization who direct and oversee the activities of others. Managers perform managerial activities that ensure to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently. Providing details about management levels. (Please refer to page 5-6)Q9 An article by Gary Hamel in the February 2009 issue of Harvard Business Review addresses how management must be reinvented to be more relevant to today’s world? Get a copy of that article. Choose one of the 25 grand challenges identified. Discuss what it is and what it means for the way that organizations are managed.Answer–The 25 grand challenges include: ensure management serves a higher purpose, reduce fear and increase trust, reinvent the means of control, redefine the work of leadership, expand and exploit diversity, etc. Choose one of them and discuss. Chapter3: Foundations of Decision Making Q1 Why is decision making often described as the essence of a manager’s job? Answer– Decision making is a process of responding to a problem by searching for and selecting a solution or course of action that will create value for organisational stakeholders. Everything that a manager does in term of planning, organizing, leading and controlling involves decision making. Managers in organizations also are called decision makers.Q3 “Because managers have software tools to use, they should be able to m akemore rational decisions.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Why? Answer–Disagree. Decision making is a complex process which needs information, skills, experiences and creativity. Software tools will allow managers easily gather information and analyze it, but it is doubtful software tools can make managers more rational, as software tools do not make decisions.Rational decision making means making logical and consistent choices to maximize value. Rational decision making must satisfy several assumptions. However, the reality is full of uncertainty and risk. Managers’decision making still will not be perfectly rational by using software tools.Q4Is there a difference between wrong decisions and bad decisions? Why do good managers sometimes make wrong decisions? Bad decisions? How might managers improve theirdecision making skills?Answer–Wrong decisions can not help to achieve organizational goals, bad decisions do help to achieve goals but may not maximize value or solve problems in a large expense. In addition to uncertainty and risk, time pressure, incomplete information in today’s environment and limited capacity make managers often use intuition to make decisions, so good managers sometimes also make wrong or bad decisions. Managers can improve decision making skills by focus on what is more important, logic and consistency, gathering relevant information, blending subjective and objective thinking with analysis and remaining flexible, etc.Chapter4: Foundations of PlanningQ2 Describe in detail the six-step strategic management process.Answer–The six-step strategic management process involves: Identify the organization’s current mission, goals, and strategies; External analysis (identify opportunities and threats); Internal analysis (identify strengths and weaknesses); Formulate strategies, implement strategies and evaluate results. (Please refer to page 87-89 )Q5 Under what circumstances do you believe MBO would be the most useful? Discuss.Answer–MBO is a process of setting mutually agreed-upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance. MBO makes objectives operational by cascading them down through the organization.Under circumstances where employee commitment is important, where concrete goals help a company directs its efforts, when there is a need coordination and communication ina company, etc.Q9 Do a personal SWOT analysis. Assess your personal strengths and weaknesses (skills, talents, abilities). What are you good at? What are you not so good at? What do you enjoy doing? Not enjoy doing? Then, identify career opportunities and threats by researching job prospects in the industry you’reinterested in. Look at trends and projections. You might want to check out the information the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides on job prospects. Once you have all this information, write a specific career action plan. Outline five-year career goals and what you need to do to achieve those goals.Answer–SWOT analysis is an a nalysis of an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in order to identify a strategic niche that the organization can exploit. The answer will vary based on students. (Please refer to page 88-89) Chapter5: Organizational Structure and CultureQ2 Can an organizati on’s structure be changed quickly? Why or why not? Should it be changed quickly? Why or why not?Answer–Yes, an organization’s structure can be changed quickly. However, t he speed o f changing an organization’s structure depends on its size. A small organi zation can change its structure more rapidly than a large organization. But a large organization can change its structure and does in response to the changing environment and strate gy. Whether an organization’s structure should be changed quickly or not de pends on the organization’s strategy, the environment and the form of technology it uses.Q5 Researchers are now saying that efforts to simplify work tasks actually gave negative results for both companies and their employees. Do you agree? Why or why not?Answer–Facing today’s competitive environment, managers need to consider how to allocate limited resources and group activities to achieve organizational goals. Make the right person do the right task. Simplify work tasks can have positive results for companies and employees. For example, work specialization makes efficient use of the diversity of skills that employees hold.Q8 Pick two companies that you interact with frequently (as an employee or as a customer) and assess their culture according to the culture dimensions shown in exhibit5-13.Answer–The answer will vary based on the companies students choose. Culture dimensions include: attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, stability, innovation and risk taking.Chapter8 : Motivating and Rewarding EmployeesQ1 Most of us have to work for a living, and a job is a central part of our lives. So why do managers have to worry so much about employee motivation issues? Answer– Motivation refer s to the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal. Even though most of us have to work and therefore need a job, managers still have to worry about employee motivation issues. Employees are not always willing to put effort to do their job well. Employee can work for different rewards: money, recognition, achievement, affiliation, power and so on. Motivation can lead to higher productivity, improve employee satisfaction, reduce the high cost of employee turnover and maintaining the competitive edge. Motivation plays a critical role in achieving organizational goals.Q3 What role would money play in (a)the hierarchy of needstheory, (b)two-factor theory, (c)equity theory, (d)expectancy theory, and (e)motivating employees with a high aAch?Answer–(a) Money might be a security need, providing shelter, food, and clothing, or it could be a self-esteem need in giving the individual a sense of self-worth. (b) Money is a hygiene factor. (c) Money becomes a measure of fairness—Is my raise, salary appropriate to my position? (d) Money is relevant only to the degree the individual perceives that the monetary reward is appropriate for the amount of effort put forth. (e) Money could be seen as a way to measure success.Q6 Many job design experts who have studied the changing nature of work say that people do their best work when they are motivated by a sense of purpose rather than by the pursuit of money. Do you agree? Explain your position? What are the implications for managers?Answer–The answer will vary. Employees come to organizations with different needs, skills, abilities and interests. Employees need to cooperate with others in today’s diversit y and competitive environment. People do not work only for money, such as professional and technical employees, whose chief reward is the work itself. Employee can work for other rewards: recognition, achievement, affiliation or power. Managers should focus more on the sense of purpose and look at different types of rewards that help motivate employees.Chapter9: Leadership and TrustQ2 What would a manager need to know to use Fiedler’s contingenc y model? Be specific.Answer–The Fiedler’s contingency model proposed effective group performance depends on the pro per match between the leader’s style of interaction and the degree towhich the situation gives control and influence to the leader. He isolated three situational criteria—leader-member relations, task structure, and position power—that can be manipulated to create the proper match with the behavioral orientation of the leader. Fiedler argued that leadership style is innate to a person—you can’t change your style. It is necessary to match the leader with the situation based on three situational criteria. (Please refer to page 247-249)Q5 Do you think trust evolves out of an individual’s personal characteristics or out of specific situations? Explain.Answer–Both, trust is in a person given certain circumstances. Some individuals are always trusted regardless of circumstances; others can be trusted to respond inpredictable ways in different circumstances.Q6 Do followers make a difference in whether a leader is effective? Discuss. Answer–Yes,t he ability to influence others outside of one’s own author ity and to perform beyond expectations are essential to high performing organizations and are characteristic of leaders. Leaders have followers. Followers make significant contribution to leaders’effe ctiveness. Successful leadership is contingent on the f ollower’s level of readiness. “R eadiness” refers to the extent that people have the ability and the willingness to accomplish a specific task. Regardless of what the leader does, effectiveness depends on the actions of his or her followers.Chapter10: Communication and Interpersonal SkillsQ1 Which type of communication do you think is most effective in a work setting? Why?Answer– Each communication method has its own benefits and drawbacks. No one method is appropriate in allcircumstances. Justify your choice based on the advantages of communication type that you choose. (Please refer to page 270-272)Q3 Which do you think is more important for a manager: speaking accurately or listening actively? Why?Answer–The answer will vary. Students may think listening actively is more important. Actively listening refers to listening for full meaning without making premature judgments or interpretations, demands total concentration. Correct information can not be returned to employees if managers have not listened actively and correctly heard the information request. Students also can make argument that it is more important for the manager to speak accurately to begin with.Q5 Is information technology helping managers be more efficient and effective? Explain your answer.Answer- Yes, information technology is helping managers to be more efficient and effective. It can improve a manager’s ability to manager employees’ performance. It can allow employees to have more completed information to make decisions. It has provided employees more opportunities to collaborate and share information. Chapter11: Foundations of ControlQ3 How are planning and control linked? Is the control function linked to the organizing and leading functions of management? Explain?Answer–The control process assumes that standards of performance already exist. They are created in the planning function. Objectives are the standards against which progress is measured and compared. An effective control system ensures that activities are co mpleted in ways that lead to the attainmentof the organization’s goals. So control is linked to all functions of management, not just organizing and leading.Q7 “Every individual employee in an organization p lays a role in controlling work activities.” D o you agree with this statement, or do you think control is something that only managers are responsible for? Explain.Answer– Controlling is the management function involving the process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations. Managers play extremely important role in controlling, however, every individual employee also play a role in control work activities. Both managers and individual employee must make sure activities are completed in ways that lead to the attainment of the organization’s goals.Q8 How could use the concept of control in your personal life? Be specific.(Think in term of feedforward, concurrent, and feedback controls as well as specific controls for the different aspects of our life-school, family relationships ,friends, hobbies, etc.)Answer–The answer will vary. Feedforward control takes place in advance of the actual activity. Concurrent control takes place while an activity is in progress. Feedback control takes place after the action.。

2022年华南农业大学人力资源管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷B(有答案)

2022年华南农业大学人力资源管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷B（有答案）一、选择题1、在20世纪30年代，确信管理者的工作是激励雇员做出更多努力，并首先提出组织是一个开放系统观点的学者是（）。

A．亨利·法约尔 B．马克斯·韦伯C．切斯特·巴纳德 D．埃尔顿·梅奥2、罗宾斯（Stephen P.Robbins）概括了管理的四项职能，法约尔（Henri Fayol）则概括了管理的五项职能。

前者与后者相比，有三项职能是相同的，不同的一项是（）。

A．领导 B．协调 C．控制 D．组织3、企业选择产业中的一个或者一组细分市场，制定专门的战略向此市场提供产品或者服务，这是典型的（）。

A．增长型战略 B．别具一格战略 C．专一化战略 D．公司层战略4、科学管理的产生是管理从经验走向理论的标志，下面哪个选项不属于科学管理对管理发展的贡献？（）A．组织设计优化 B．时间和动作的研究C．任务管理 D．作业人员与管理者的分工协调5、（）不属于创业精神所主要强调的三个方面的主题。

A．对机会的追求B．创新C．增长D．拼搏6、管理中与激励问题有关的公平理论是由（）提出的。

A．马斯洛B．麦格雷戈C．赫茨伯格D．亚当斯7、以下哪一个不是激发组织创新力的因素？（）A．结构因素 B．人力资源因素C．技术因素 D．文化因素8、依据情景领导理论，当下属有能力但无意愿干领导希望他们干的工作时，以下哪种领导风格最为合适？（）A．告知 B．推销 C．参与 D．授权9、某电器公司决定采取收购方式进入家用空调产业，以分散经营风险，从战略层次或类型的角度看，该战略属于（）。

A．公司层战略 B．事业层战略 C．职能层战略 D．技术运作层战略10、如下选项中哪个不属于影响计划工作的权变因素？（）A．组织的层次B．权力的大小C．环境的不确定性D．未来投入的持续时间二、名词解释11、利益相关者12、有限理性决策13、人际关系角色14、组织发展15、矩阵型结构16、机械式组织和有机式组织17、迈克尔·波特的竞争五力模型18、领导三、简答题19、什么联邦法律对员工多样性的创新措施非常重要？20、什么是组织绩效？21、描述全面质量管理。

华南农业大学英语IV阅读答案

华南农业大学英语IV阅读答案1、—These shoes look cool. ______ are they?—They are on sale, only $（）[单选题] *A. How much(正确答案)B. How longC. How manyD. How soon2、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining3、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心4、—______ —（）[单选题] *A. How long did you stay there?B. How much did you pay for the dress?C. How many flowers did you buy?(正确答案)D. How often did you visit your grandparents?5、The language school started a new（）to help young learners with reading and writing. [单选题] *A. course(正确答案)B. designC. eventD. progress6、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment7、You can distinguish the twins very easily, _____Tom is quite while Jack is active. [单选题] *B. butC. for(正确答案)D. and8、We must try hard to make up for the lost time. [单选题] *A. 弥补(正确答案)B. 利用C. 抓紧D. 浪费9、The rain is very heavy _______ we have to stay at home. [单选题] *A. butB. becauseC. so(正确答案)D. and10、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleD. few(正确答案)11、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的12、I always get ______ grades than he does, so maybe I should help him more.（）[单选题] *A. bestB. better(正确答案)C. goodD. well13、43．How much did you ________ the man for the TV? [单选题] *A．pay(正确答案)B．takeC．spendD．buy14、I’d?like _______ the English club. [单选题] *A. to join inB. joinC. to join(正确答案)D. join in15、The little girl held _____ in her hand. [单选题] *A. five breadsB. five piece of breadsC. five piece of breadD. five pieces of bread(正确答案)16、I didn't hear _____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting. [单选题] *A. what did he sayB. what he had said(正确答案)C. what he was sayingD. what to say17、Some students are able to find jobs after graduation while _____will return to school for an advanced degree. [单选题] *A. otherB. anotherC. others(正确答案)D. the other18、When Max rushed to the classroom, his classmates _____ exercises attentively. [单选题] *A. didB. have doneC. were doing(正确答案)D. do19、Bill Gates is often thought to be the richest man in the world. _____, his personal life seems not luxury. [单选题] *A. MoreoverB. ThereforeC. However(正确答案)D. Besides20、There is not much news in today's paper,_____? [单选题] *A. is itB. isn't itC.isn't thereD. is there(正确答案)21、68．—How ________ apples do you want?—I want two kilos. How ________ are they?—They are 5 yuan. [单选题] *A．much; manyB．many; much(正确答案)C．many; manyD．much; much22、I do not have my own room,_____. [单选题] *A. neither does Tom(正确答案)B. neither has TomC. so does TomD. so has Tom23、7．—________ is the Shanghai Wild Animal Park?—It’s 15km east of the Bund. [单选题] *A．WhoB．WhatC．WhenD．Where (正确答案)24、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody25、-We’ve spent too much money recently–well,it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives_______around all the time [单选题] *ingB. had comeC. were comingD have been coming(正确答案)26、He was?very tired，so he stopped?_____ a rest. [单选题] *A. to have(正确答案)B. havingC. haveD. had27、I arrived _____ the city _____ 9:00 am _______ April [单选题] *A. at, in, atB. to, on, atC. in, or, atD. in, at, on(正确答案)28、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.（）[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)29、--What’s the _______ like today?--Cloudy. [单选题] *A. skyB. airC. landD. weather(正确答案)30、—______ my surprise, Zhu Hui won the first prize in the speech contest. —But I think he could, because he kept practicing speaking.（）[单选题] *A. To(正确答案)B. AboutC. ForD. In。

管理英语试题及答案

管理英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. The company has recently undergone a significant ________ in its management structure.A. innovationB. renovationC. transformationD. alteration答案：C2. Effective communication is essential for the success of any ________ project.A. collaborativeB. individualC. independentD. isolated答案：A3. The manager emphasized the importance of ________ in achieving the company's goals.A. cooperationB. competitionC. conflictD. isolation答案：A4. The new policy aims to improve ________ and reduce costs.A. efficiencyB. productivityC. profitabilityD. effectiveness答案：B5. The team leader needs to delegate tasks to ensure ________ and balance workload.A. equityB. equalityC. fairnessD. justice答案：C二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）6. The company is focusing on ________ to improve its market position.[答案]：innovation7. The project was delayed due to a lack of ________ among team members.[答案]：communication8. The CEO announced a new ________ strategy to increase shareholder value.[答案]：growth9. The HR department is responsible for ________ and employee relations.[答案]：recruitment10. The company's ________ plan includes measures to reduce environmental impact.[答案]：sustainability三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下段落，回答问题。

华南农业大学《大学英语中级Ⅱ》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、一Which T—shirt do you like best?一．They are both out of fashion and expensive．A．None B．Neither C．Any D．Both2、It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatreseats an audience of approximately 4, 000.A．where B．whoseC．which D．when3、—What do you think of the movie last night?—When I got there it _______, so I only watched the end.A．finished B．had finishedC．was finishing D．has finished4、The disaster-stricken village was inaccessible ___________ by helicopter, and the stormadded to the rescuers’ difficulty.A．instead of B．other than C．rather than D．regardless of5、After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all thepeople who had helped in her career.A．to thank B．thankingC．having thanked D．to have thanked6、--- To be a promising student is not an easy job. It takes time.--- I can’t agree more. _______. There is no short cu t.A．All roads lead to Rome B．Slow but sure wins the raceC．Practice makes perfect D．Rome was not built in a dayA．prove B．implyC．demand D．predict8、---May I help you？You seem to be having some trouble.----____________，thanks. I think I can manage.A．No problem B．It's all rightC．ok D．No way9、With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the fields of IT.A．has introduced B．is being introducedC．is introduced D．was introduced10、Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing ________ the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.A．breaks B．blocksC．bonds D．beats第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

大学管理学原理试题

Key for HomeworkChapter 12。

Are all effective organizations also efficient? Discuss。

If you had to choose between being effective or being efficient，which one would you say is more important? Why?Answer: definition of efficiency and effectiveness；relationship between them。

Both efficiency and effectiveness are important。

Good manager should consider both and balance them.5. Is there one best “style” of management? Why or why not？Answer: no。

students can refer the knowledge and responsibility of management levels，the management process performed at different level, managerial roles in different size of business, or management skills required at different level.8。

Using current business periodicals, find five examples of managers you would describe as master managers. Write a paper describing these individuals as managers and why you think they deserve this title. Answer：depend on students’ reading after class.Chapter 36。

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华南农业大学期末考试答题纸（A卷）
2008学年第一学期考试科目：管理学基础
考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业
II．Choose the only one correct answer for each question (2 points each question, total 40 points)
Ⅲ. Notion explanation. (4 points each notion, total 20 points)
1.MBO
Management by objectives (2 points)
Four elements: jointly determined objectives; explicit time period; specific objectives; periodically review (0.5 each)
2.Hawthorne effect
Social norms or standards are the key determinants of individual behavior in a group. (4 points)
3.Boundaryless organization
An organization that is not defined or limited by boundaries or categories imposed by traditional structures; attempt to eliminate vertical, horizontal, and inter-organizational barriers. (4 points)
4.Social loafing
The tendency of an individual in a group to decrease his or her effort because responsibility and individual achievement cannot be measured. (4 points)
5.Benchmarking
Searching for best practices among competitors and noncompetitors. (4 points)
IV Medium-length answer. (10 points each question, total 20 points)
1.What are differences between functional and divisional structures? Give an example for these
two types of bureaucratic structure.
Functional structure refers to an organization in which similar and related occupational specialties are grouped together. (1 point)
The strength lies in the advantages that accrue from work specialization. Results in economies of scale, minimizes duplication, satisfy employees etc. (2 points)
but people tend to lose sight of the best interests of the organization as a whole; no one function is totally responsible for the results. (2 points)
A company divides its department into accounting, hr, producing, marketing employed the functional structure. (2 point)
Divisional structure is made up of self-contained units. (1 point)
It focuses on results, frees the headquarters staff from being concerned with operating details; but the major disadvantage lies in the duplication of activities and resources. (2 points)
Companies like GE and PepsiCo have the divisional structure. (1 point)
2.What are Mintzberg’s managerial roles? Cite examples of activities managers you know would
do when performing these roles.
Interpersonal—roles consist of being the figurehead for the organization, assuming the leadership role, and acting as a liaison for the organization. Examples (3 points)
Informational—roles consist of being a monitor of current information which is then dispersed to employees needing that information; also involves being the spokesperson for the organization. Examples (3 points)
Decisional—roles consist of being an entrepreneur for the organization, handling disturbances, allocating resources, and negotiating. Examples (4 points)
V Reading comprehension. (Choose the only one correct answer for each question. 2 point per。