北京林业大学博士生入学考试英语考试大纲
考博英语考试大纲
总则同济《非英语专业博士研究生英语入学考试大纲》（English Entrance Test for Non-English Major Doctorate Students）是根据《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》制定的。
其目的是为了帮助考生更好地准备博士生英语入学考试；考核已修完硕士研究生英语学位课程的考生是否达到教学的各项要求及实际掌握运用英语的能力。
一、考试性质及要求专博士生入学英语考试的性质是一种水平考试，主要考核考生实际掌握和运用英语的能力。
教育部《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》明确提出“博士生入学时，其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。
应具有“熟练的阅读能力”、“较好的写作能力”和一定的听说能力。
业因此，博士生入学前应具有相应的外语水平，以适应博士生阶段的学习及研究工作的需要。
专二、考试内容正门本校博士英语入学考试以普通英语为主，题材涉及人物传记，社会风俗、文化、历史、科普等；体裁多样，包括叙述文、议论文、描写文、应用文、说明文等。
词汇量控制在5000—6000常用词（其中中学2000，大学3500，硕士生500—1000单词）。
考试难度略高于硕士入学考试及大学英语六级水平考试。
考试采用主观题、客观题结合的方式：主观题占45%，客观题占55%。
考试项目包括：听力15%；词汇15%；Cloze10%；阅读理解25%；翻译15%；写作20%；满分100分。
考试时间：180分钟，共96小题。
正门对面第一部分：听力理解（Part I：Listening Comprehension）（15%）共15题，考试时间20分钟。
包括三小节：Section A（5题）主要测试考生理解特定或具体信息的能力；考生根据听到的一段180—220词的独白或对话，填充表格中的空白。
录音材料播放两遍。
48号Section B（5题）：主要测试考生理解具体或总体信息的能力。
要求考生根据听到的一般280—320词的独白或对话，补全句子或简短回答问题。
北京林业大学研究生英语学位考听力、口语参考资料
北京林业大学研究生英语学位考听力参考资料Unit 1 HolidaysIntroduce one of your favorite holidays.Spring festival is my favorite holidays. I The festival is considered the most important one for Chinese people. It is on the first day of lunar year. It is also the day of reunion among family members. During these days, people would say "happy new year! or wish you make fortune! to each other. They would also visit their relatives and friends. Children would be given "red packets". Children would have more to eat and play than usual .Playing firecrackers is also a popular game for children.Unit 2 TravelIntroduce one of the tourist attractions in the world or China.The strange pines, absurd stones, sea of clouds and hot springs are the four wonders of Mt. Huangshan.Huangshan pines are seen in every corner of Mt. Huangshan. You will be amazed by their vitality and strength.Spectacular rocky peaks will inspire your imagination. Some look like human beings, animals or many other objects.The clouds are forever changing, from being like a mirror when all is calm to rolling waves when the wind is strong.To be able to refresh yourself in the hot springs on Mt. Huangshan must be one of the best ways of enjoyment and relaxation.Unit 3 EducationState your ideas on college education reforms in China.In China, college education has carried out reforms for several years. From the difficulty of graduates’ job hunting, we can see some problems on college education.First, it is good for college education paying more attention to students’ all-around development. But students always have an inaccurate recognition on it. They spend more time on campus activities and less time on specialty study. And their aim of study is just to get credits.Second, the exam in college especially the specialty exam is too easy compared to the need of application. If the colleges have strict standards for qualified graduates, maybe the students will study harder and master skills.Third, the college should provide as many practices as possible for students. The best way of study is to combine theory to practice. And it is the best method to examine the students’ level. Chinese education system has long been criticized of obliterating personality. The exam-oriented education ranked students more by their memory than creative minds. n being.Unit 4 TransportationTalk about the causes of Beijing’s traffic jams and some suggestions to solve the problem.1 With people's needs for transport facilities increasing substantially over the past few years,the road network in Beijing is far from rational. Population increasing2 In Beijing, most of the important political, commercial and cultural locations are concentrated in the area within the Fourth Ring Road and this is a root cause of today's heavy traffic load, according to Liu.3 private cars increasingSuggestions1.The commission is also working on plans to strengthen administration of both the transport industry and traffic order, 4 at the same time fostering a modern traffic consciousness among citizens.2 public transport using3 Construction of road infrastructure ,just like the overpass 4Unit 5 ComputersIs the booming of the Internet a blessing or a curse?On the positive side, the emergence of the Internet to make person-to-person communication more convenient in various forms.People could send E-mail,chat though instant messenger and logon the bbs to find the people they want to talk as well as to get useful information they need.Take ourselves for examples, if we are going to write thesis,we haveto search for lots of papers already been published.In this way it made our work easier.Another advantage is the online shops.Because there is no more rent, water and electricity fees topay,maybe the online shopping will be a bit cheaper.On the other side,we also have to admit that the network has brought us a number of negative factors. The Internet is inundated with ungraceful pictures and videos.At the sametime due to the well-developed search engines, it is easy to divulge private information.In China, "human meat search" is well-known for figuring out some bad guys have done bad things.Just because they have left few pieces information, a group of specilized people would find out their name, age, address or even their primary school report card.Online shopping also have disadvantages,for example, you can't try on the clothes or the shoes you want to buy,thereare online cheating and so much trouble in rejecting the goods.Unit 6 EnvironmentTalk about a major environmental problem in China.Nowadays the urgent environmental problem faced in China is connected with the water. Although from the whole nation China is rich in water resources, the average water consumption per person is only 1/4 compared with the world average level. According a recent survey,bothcities and villeges are suffered from water shortage, about 400 out of 660 cities lack water,with 136 having reported sever water shortage. The distribution of water resources is also not balancing, the south faces floods, while the north is drought.Not only lack in quantity, but also significant problem in the quality. Now the country is facing the fact that in partial improvement but overall still devastating. Water pollution could cause many other things,such as the sequencing environmental pollution, strained water resources and other public hazards.I remember in 2005,the leak of a chemical factory polluted the Songhuajiang.Not only affected the Chinese, but also neiboring Russian residents. The goverment paid a lot on this accident.Unit 7 SportsWhat has the Olympics 2008 brought to Beijing?In my own opinion,there are both positive and negtive influences to China.Because of the long history and bright culture,many foreigners are astonished by the 2008 Olympics opening ceremony.And there is no doubt that excellent jobs done by the numerous volunteers also win their deserved respects.Fortunately, I was a volunteer working at......Of course,the game brought many unfavorable memories.During the Olympics,there were many traffic restrictions and lots of the citizens had to change their schedual to go to work...The increasing numble of tourists also caused a heavy burden to the environment. Spent a lot of human and material resources,Inevitable wastage,Unit 8 Food and RestaurantsMake some comments on Chinese food and its culture.China is a country of great population,long history as well as vast territory.Due to the diversity of the climate,products and customs,there are widely different food styles and taste in local regions.There are four major dishes enjoy upper reputation.Color smelting taste is the features of Chinese food. Vivid kinds of restaurants judgement to a personUnit 9 Science and TechnologyDescribe one of your favorite scientific inventions widely used in life.NotebookUnit 10 JobsMake some comments on the difficulty of job hunting for college graduates.From the subjective aspects, there are two major facors resulting from the phenomenon.In myopinion,the key problem is that many graduates waste their time in colleges,and don't learn anything useful for their career.They lack ablities, so they can't find a job.I don't belive the student who done an excellent work both in study and social activities would acknowledge hard to find a occupation after graduate.I do not deny that the objective facts also exist.The high enrollment of college education cause the diploma less and less valuable.And also it is a pitty that the world economy is in the depreesion.Many cooperations reduce their bussiness which means not only they would downsizing there scale,but also recruit less employees。
北林考博辅导班：2019北京林业大学风景园林学(工学)学考博难度解析及经验分享
北林考博辅导班：2019北京林业大学风景园林学（工学）考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，在2018-2019年风景园林学（工学）专业学校排名中，排名第一的是清华大学，排名第二的是北京林业大学，排名第三的是同济大学。
作为北京林业大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，园林学院的风景园林学（工学）学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第二。
下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于北京林业大学风景园林学（工学）考博相关内容。
一、专业介绍风景园林学是一门古老而年轻的学科。
作为人类文明的重要载体，园林、风景与景观已持续存在数千年;作为一门现代学科，风景园林学可追溯至19世纪末、20世纪初，是在古典造园、风景造园基础上通过科学革命方式建立起来的新的学科范式。
北京林业大学园林学院的风景园林学（工学）专业在博士招生方面，划分为6个研究方向083400风景园林学（工学）研究方向：01 风景园林历史与理论02 风景园林规划与设计03 景观规划与生态修复04 风景园林建筑设计与理论05 风景旅游规划与设计06 城乡开放空间规划与城市设计考试科目：①1001英语②2024风景园林学（工学）专业综合测试一③3024风景园林学（工学）专业综合测试二、考核内容北京林业大学风景园林学（工学）专业博士研究生招生综合考核内容为:1、思想品德考核时间节点：2018年11月6-8日考核方式：学院研究生管理办公室对申请者材料进行资格初审后会委托研究生管理秘书以班级评议方式对申请人思想品德进行评议考核。
研究生管理秘书于2018年11月8日11时前将《在读硕士研究生硕博连读选拔思想品德考核评分表》考核结果汇总后提交至园林学院研究生办公室。
2、学习成绩考核时间节点：2018年11月6-8日考核方式：学院研究生秘书通过研究生系统对申请人全学程学习习成绩进行核算。
3、业务考核时间节点：2018年11月11-15日4、学术成果考核时间节点：2018年11月8-11日考核方式：学科秘书对申请者的学习成绩和科研成果（论文发表、专利和新品种获得情况、学术竞赛获奖情况）进行审核评分，并相应各学科相关选拔实施细则，对申请者是否具备选拔资格进行审核。
北京林业大学考博英语阅读真题解析
北京林业大学考博英语阅读真题解析Directions:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.ForQuestions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G tofit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10points)The time for sharpening pencils,arranging your desk,and doingalmost anything else instead of writing has ended.The first draftwill appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable andsit,stand up,or lie down to write.(41)Be flexible.Your outline should smoothly conduct you from onepoint to the next,but do not permit it to railroad you.If a relevantand important idea occurs to you now,work it into the draft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,and spelling can wait until you revise.Concentrate on what you are saying.Good writing most often occurswhen you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous searchfor errors.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)(43)Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way,and,if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere,you will notlose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor,you can take advantageof its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entireparagraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands.Somesoftware programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44)These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper,you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing.The student who wrote"The A&P as a State of Mind"wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women.(45) Remember that your initial draft is only that.You should go through the paper many times-and then again-working to substantiate and clarify your ideas.You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper.Rewrite.The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic.Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A]To make revising easier,leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words,sentences,and corrections.Write on only one side of the paper.[B]After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper,pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs.It's probably best to write the introduction last,after you know precisely what you are introducing.Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader witha final impression.[C]It's worth remembering,however,that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific,it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it.Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D]It makes no difference how you write,just so you do.Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis,you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E]Although this is an interesting issue,it has nothing to do with the thesis,which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job.Instead of including that paragraph,she added one that described Lengel's crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A&P"policy"he enforces.[F]In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in"A&P,"the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel's store policies.[G]By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say,you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested.Plenty of good writers don't use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write.Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
北京林业大学 2012《706 基础英语》考试大纲 考试内容 复习参考书 考研辅导
1/4【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 1北京林业大学2012年“外国语言学及应用语言学”和“英语语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲（基础英语）一、考试大纲的性质基础英语是英语语言技能考试，是报考我校“外国语言学及应用语言学”和“英语语言文学”两个学科研究生的专业考试科目之一。
为帮助考生明确考试复习范围和有关的考试要求，特制定本考试大纲。
本考试大纲主要依据我国英语专业普遍开设的语言技能课程进行编制，适用于报考北京林业大学“外国语言学及应用语言学”（方向01-04）和“英语语言文学”硕士研究生的考生。
非英语专业的考生，应参照英语专业的相关教材进行自学。
二、考试内容考生应掌握以下方面的内容：第一部分阅读熟练掌握阅读的主要技巧，能够阅读相当于英语专业高年级阅读教程难度的文章，并回答有关这些文章的问题。
考生平时应注意大量阅读英语原著和英美主要报刊，具备用英语回答问题的能力。
第二部分翻译能够熟练运用加词、减词、转类、换形、断句、合句、换序、转句、转态、正反等翻译手法，熟悉英汉语在词汇、语法、语义、语用、篇章、修辞等方面的差异，以及这些差异在翻译中的处理方法。
了解英汉语言的主要文化差异，以及翻译中处理各种文化问题和文化现象的方法。
能够进行叙事、科技、旅游、商务、新闻报道、社会问题、文学作品、传统文化等多种题材和体裁的英汉互译。
第三部分写作能够熟练掌握描述、叙事、定义、对比、议论、论说等常用题材和体裁的写作特点和手法。
三、考试要求2/4【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2本考试为能力考试，不考查理论知识，但相关语言知识（如语法、词汇、文体、翻译）的学习有助于阅读、翻译和写作能力的提高。
考生应具备较强的英语阅读、英汉互译和英语写作能力。
四、考试方式及时间考试方式为笔试，时间为三个小时。
五、试卷结构试卷满分为150分，题型和分数分配如下：1.阅读：阅读2－3篇短文，回答所提出的问题（15个选择题）。
北京林业大学信息学院考博真题-参考书-导师-分数线-育明考博
北京林业大学信息学院考博真题-参考书-导师-分数线一、北京林业大学考博资讯信息学院下设数字媒体教研室、计算机软件教研室、网络教研室、信息教研室、动画教研室、计算机实验教学中心等教学单位及团委、行政办公室两个行政单位。
计算机实验教学中心于2007年被评为北京市计算机实验教学示范中心，目前拥有设备先进的网络实验室、数字媒体实验室、软件综合实验室、嵌入式与计算机组成原理实验室以及面向全校的公共实验室。
目前设有信息管理与信息系统、计算机科学与技术、计算机科学与技术（物联网方向）、数字媒体艺术、动画、网络工程6个本科专业；具有计算机应用技术、计算机软件与理论、管理科学与工程、森林经理学信息管理方向、艺术设计学景观动画方向科学硕士学位授予权和森林经理学信息管理方向、林业装备工程数字林业方向博士学位授予权。
另具有工程硕士（软件工程、计算机技术）、农业推广（林业信息化方向）、艺术设计学位硕士授予权。
学院现有教职工67人，其中教授7人（博士生导师6人）、副教授20人、高级实验师2人。
学院承担了国家“十一五”科技支撑、国家“863”计划项目、国家自然科学基金项目等国家级、省部级和横向课题数十项，获得多项国家级、省部级科技奖，被国际三大索引（SCI、EI、ISTP）收录的科研论文近70余篇。
学院积极鼓励教师参加教学改革研究工作，近年来共主编、参编教材83余部，其中4部被评为北京市精品教材，1部被评为国家级精品教材；主编“十一五”国家级规划教材9部，主持和参加教改课题共计55余项，获北京市教学改革成果一等奖1项。
为充分提高学生的实践动手能力和就业竞争力，采用各种激励措施，鼓励学生参加科研、学术活动、各种数学建模竞赛、软件设计大赛、ACM编程大赛、“创e杯”、“电脑节”等系列活动。
2004年全国大学生电影节，《She belongs to me》荣获了“动画短片最受评委欢迎奖”，《毕业》荣获“故事短片鼓励奖”。
2005年在中国青年软件振兴计划“阿拉神灯杯”中国青年实用软件设计大赛中，粘土动画《笨虫死党》获“设计之星铜奖”。
837英语专业综合大纲
北京林业大学2011年“外国语言学及应用语言学”和“英语语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲（英语专业综合）一、考试大纲的性质英语专业综合是英语专业知识考试，是报考我校“外国语言学及应用语言学”和“英语语言文学”两个学科研究生的专业考试科目之一。
为帮助考生明确考试复习范围和有关的考试要求，特制定本考试大纲。
本考试大纲主要依据我国英语专业普遍开设的部分课程教学大纲进行编制，适用于报考北京林业大学“外国语言学及应用语言学”（方向01-04）和“英语语言文学”两个专业硕士研究生的考生。
非英语专业的考生，应参照英语专业的相关教材进行自学。
二、考试内容考生应掌握以下方面的内容：第一部分语言学语言和语言学，语音，词汇，句法，语义，语言心理和认知，语言、社会文化，语用，文体，语言和计算机，语言学与外语教学，现代语言学主要流派。
第二部分英美文学英国文学：盎格鲁－撒克逊时期起至20世纪英国文学的主要史实，各时期的历史背景、文学流派和主要作家、作品。
美国文学：殖民地时期起至20世纪美国文学的主要史实，各时期的历史背景、文学流派和主要作家、作品。
第三部分英语国家社会与文化英国社会与文化：国家概况，政治制度，经济，教育，外交，媒体，体育和节假日。
美国社会与文化：国家概况，政治制度，经济，宗教，教育，社会运动与社会问题，科技，战后外交，体育和观光胜地，爵士乐。
三、考试要求本考试为知识考试，以考查知识为主，分析为辅。
考生应掌握语言学、文学和英美社会文化方面的基本知识。
四、考试方式及时间考试方式为笔试，时间为3小时。
五、试卷结构试卷满分为150分，题型和分数分配如下：题型为：选择题、填空题、正误判断、解词、答题等。
1. 语言学：卷面100分题，要求报考“外国语言学及应用语言学”专业考生回答。
2. 英美文学：卷面100分题，要求报考“英语语言文学”专业考生回答。
3. 英语国家社会与文化：卷面50分题，要求所有考生回答。
六、复习参考书050201英语语言文学1.英美文学罗经国编注《新编英国文学选读》（第二版，上下册），北大出版社。
北京林业大学博士生入学考试英语考试大纲
北京林业大学博士生入学考试英语考试大纲2012年6月一、总述北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试，由教育部批准并授权组织。
凡具备教育部规定的申请博士学位的人员均可报名参加。
考生报考的专业不同，但均参加统一的博士生英语入学考试。
为适应北京林业大学新阶段培养目标的需要，进一步提高学生的创新能力和科研水平，增强学生参与国际科研活动的语言交际能力，包括发表国际水准的英语科研论文的能力，研究生院经过数年的累积调研和数据分析，自2013年开始启用新的博士生英语入学考试大纲。
北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试时间为180分钟，试题总分为100分。
设有词汇、阅读、完型填空、翻译、写作五种题型, 不分时间段。
考题以一般社交用语、人文知识、科普常识为语言素材、以一般社会生活、学校教育和科研活动为话题，重在考查考生用英语进行社交、工作和科研的能力。
为帮助考生复习，我校2012版《北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试模拟试题集》已经由中国环境科学出版社出版。
2007年版废除。
现模拟题集仍旧有十套样题，为原生题（选真实语料自行编写），帮助考生熟悉考试形式、体会考试难度、了解考题的语言素材，更重要的是在复习的过程中进一步学习英语，顺利通过考试，为入学后的英语学习打下基础。
二、题型与分值分布北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试分为五部分。
1．词汇：10分共20题，每题0.5分。
分为两个部分：1）选择填空：第1-10题每句有一个词语为空白，考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
2）替换词语：第11-20题每句一个词语有下划线，考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四个答案中选择一个意思最相近的词语。
2．阅读：39分共24题。
分为两个部分：1）多项选择阅读：每题2分。
阅读3篇400-450词的短文，内容为一般社会知识和科普知识。
每篇短文后有5个问题，考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
2）复形阅读：共有两篇短文，第一篇4分。
博士学位英语考试大纲
8. A. The woman argued for her innocence at court. B. The woman complained that she was forced to pay the fine. C. The woman has got away with many violations of traffic law. D. The woman pleaded ignorance this time of her violation of the traffic law.
5. A. He forgot to mail the letter. B. He left the letter in his office. C. The letter slipped off his desk. D. He should have put the letter in his bag.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on a talk about the concept of community.
You now have 30 seconds to read Questions 11 to 15.
11. A village, or town, or ____________ can be called an area of social life. 12. The speaker states that it is ____________ that people in a community should
2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲
2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! Are you ready for the 2024 Ph.D. entrance exam? Here's a sneak peek at the English exam outline:1. Reading Comprehension:You'll read passages on various topics, like science, history, and literature. Then, answer questions to test your understanding.2. Vocabulary:Brush up on your word skills! You'll be asked to define words, match them to their meanings, and use them in sentences.3. Grammar:Watch out for those tricky grammar rules! Be prepared to identify errors in sentences and fix them.4. Writing:Show off your writing skills by composing essays on given topics. Remember to organize your ideas, use proper grammar, and support your arguments with examples.5. Listening:Listen to recordings of conversations, lectures, or interviews. Then, answer questions to show how well you understood the spoken English.6. Speaking:Finally, the speaking section! You'll have to talk about a given topic for a certain amount of time. Practice speaking clearly and confidently.Remember to study hard, stay focused, and do your best on the exam. Good luck, future Ph.D. students! You got this!篇2Title: Entrance Exam Outline for 2024 Doctoral StudentsHey guys! Are you ready to ace the entrance exam for your Ph.D. program in 2024? I'm here to give you all the deets on what to expect so you can totally crush it!1. Reading Comprehension: You'll be asked to read a few passages and answer questions about them. Make sure to read carefully and go back to the text to find the answers.2. Vocabulary: Get ready to show off your word knowledge! You'll need to know the meanings of some tricky words and how to use them in sentences.3. Grammar: Brush up on your grammar rules because you'll be tested on things like verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation.4. Writing: You might have to write an essay or a short response to a prompt. Make sure to organize your thoughts and use clear, concise language.5. Listening: There will be some listening exercises where you'll have to answer questions about what you hear. Pay attention and take notes if it helps!6. Speaking: You might have to do a speaking task like describing a picture or answering questions about yourself. Speak clearly and confidently!Remember, the key to doing well on the exam is to prepare ahead of time. Study your English skills, practice with samplequestions, and get plenty of rest before the big day. Good luck, future doctors! You've got this!篇3Hello everyone, I am little Timmy, and today I am going to tell you all about the entrance exam for the 2024 Doctoral Program in English. Are you ready? Let's get started!First of all, there will be a listening section where you have to listen to a short audio clip and answer questions about it. It could be a conversation between two people or a story. Make sure to pay attention and take notes if you need to.Next, there will be a reading comprehension section where you will read passages and answer questions to show your understanding. Make sure to read carefully and take your time. Don't rush!After that, there will be a writing section where you have to write an essay on a given topic. Make sure to organize your thoughts and write clearly. Don't forget to check for spelling and grammar mistakes!Lastly, there will be a speaking section where you will have to talk about a topic for a few minutes. Practice speaking English as much as you can before the exam so you feel confident.Remember, the key to doing well on the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Study hard and don't be afraid to ask for help if you need it. You can do it!Good luck to all the little scholars taking the exam. You can do it!篇4Hello everyone! Today I'm going to tell you all about the entrance exam for doctoral students in 2024. It's going to be super exciting, so buckle up and let's dive in!First off, the English exam is going to test your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. You'll need to show that you can understand complex passages, write a cohesive essay, listen to lectures and discussions, and participate in conversations. It's important to prepare in advance by studying vocabulary, grammar, and practicing your English skills every day.In the reading section, you'll be asked to read passages on various topics and answer questions to show your comprehension. Make sure to read carefully and take your time to understand the main points of each passage. Practice reading academic articles, essays, and scientific papers to get used to the type of reading you'll encounter in the exam.Next, the writing section will require you to write an essay on a given topic. You'll need to organize your ideas cohesively, support your arguments with evidence, and demonstrate your critical thinking skills. Practice writing essays on different topics and ask for feedback from teachers or peers to improve your writing skills.For the listening section, you'll listen to lectures, discussions, and conversations and answer questions to demonstrate your listening comprehension. Pay close attention to the main ideas, key details, and relationships between speakers to answer the questions accurately. Practice listening to podcasts, TED talks, and academic lectures to improve your listening skills.Lastly, the speaking section will test your ability to communicate verbally in English. You'll be asked questions and engage in conversations with examiners to demonstrate your speaking skills. Practice speaking English regularly with nativespeakers or language partners to improve your pronunciation, fluency, and confidence in speaking.In conclusion, the 2024 doctoral entrance exam will be a challenging but rewarding opportunity to showcase your English skills and pursue your academic goals. Remember to study hard, practice consistently, and stay confident in your abilities. Good luck to all the aspiring doctoral students out there - you've got this!篇5Title: 2024 Ph.D. Graduate School Entrance Exam English Exam OutlineHey there, future doctoral students! Are you ready to rock the 2024 entrance exam for graduate school? We've got you covered with the English exam outline to help you prepare and succeed in the big test. Let's dive into it!1. Reading Comprehension:You will be tested on your ability to understand and analyze academic texts. You'll be asked to read passages on various topics and answer questions to demonstrate yourcomprehension skills. Make sure to read carefully and pay attention to details.2. Vocabulary and Grammar:You'll need to show off your knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar. Be prepared to identify synonyms, antonyms, and complete sentences with appropriate words. Brush up on your verb tenses, prepositions, and sentence structure to ace this section.3. Writing Skills:Get ready to put your writing skills to the test! You'll be asked to write essays or short responses on given prompts. Make sure to organize your thoughts coherently, use proper grammar and punctuation, and develop your ideas with clear examples. Practice writing before the exam to improve your skills.4. Listening Comprehension:Listening skills are crucial for academic success. You'll be required to listen to lectures or conversations and answer questions based on the information provided. Focus on understanding the main ideas, key details, and supporting arguments.5. Speaking Skills:The speaking section will assess your ability to communicate effectively in English. You may be asked to participate in conversations, present ideas, or give a speech. Practice speaking fluently, clearly, and confidently to showcase your communication skills.Remember, preparation is key to success! Study regularly, practice different types of questions, and seek help from teachers or tutors if needed. Stay confident, stay focused, and give it your best shot on exam day. Good luck, future scholars! You've got this!篇6Hello everyone! I'm super excited to share with you the English exam outline for the 2024 doctoral entrance exam. Okay, let's dive in!1. Reading Comprehension- Read a passage and answer questions to test your understanding of the text.- Questions may include identifying main ideas, making inferences, and analyzing the author's purpose.2. Vocabulary and Grammar- Complete sentences with the correct words or phrases.- Identify grammatical errors and correct them.- Choose the best synonym or antonym for a given word.3. Writing- Write an essay on a given topic, expressing your opinions and supporting them with reasons and examples.- Summarize a passage in your own words.- Write a formal email or letter in response to a given situation.4. Listening Comprehension- Listen to conversations or lectures and answer questions based on what you hear.- Fill in missing information in a dialogue.- Identify the main idea or purpose of a recording.5. Speaking- Participate in a conversation with the examiner, discussing a given topic.- Give a short presentation on a specific topic, using visuals if necessary.- Answer questions on the spot, demonstrating your ability to think quickly and articulate your thoughts clearly.Don't forget to review your English grammar and vocabulary regularly, practice reading and listening to English materials, and work on your writing and speaking skills. Good luck with your exam preparation, and remember to have fun while learning English!篇7Hey guys, guess what? I have some super cool news for you!I just found out about the English exam outline for the 2024 Ph.D. graduate school entrance exam! Isn't that awesome?So, in the exam, we're gonna have to show off our English skills in a bunch of different ways. We'll have to do things like reading comprehension, writing essays, and answering grammar questions. But don't worry, I know we can totally rock this exam!First up, there's gonna be a reading comprehension section where we read some passages and answer questions about them.We gotta make sure we understand what we're reading and can find the main ideas and details.Next, we'll have to write some essays on different topics. We gotta make sure our writing is clear, organized, and has good grammar and vocabulary. I know we're all super smart, so we can totally nail this part!And finally, there's gonna be some grammar questions to test our knowledge of English grammar rules. We gotta know things like verb tenses, prepositions, and punctuation. But I know we've all been studying hard, so we'll totally crush this part too!Overall, the exam is gonna test our English skills in a bunch of different ways. But I know we've all been working super hard and we're gonna do amazing. Let's go show everyone how awesome we are at English! Woo hoo!篇8Hello everyone! Today I'm going to share with you the English exam outline for the 2024 Doctoral Entrance Exam. It's going to be super duper fun, so let's get started!1. Reading Comprehension- Read a passage and answer questions about the main idea, details, and vocabulary.- Might have multiple-choice questions, true/false questions, and short-answer questions.- Practice reading different types of texts like articles, stories, and reports.2. Vocabulary and Grammar- Fill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase.- Identify the parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.).- Correct the grammar mistakes in sentences.- Learn new words and practice using them in sentences.3. Writing- Write a short essay on a given topic.- Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.- Use linking words to connect your ideas.- Check your spelling, punctuation, and grammar.4. Speaking- Talk about a topic for a few minutes without stopping.- Answer questions about yourself and your opinions.- Practice speaking clearly and confidently.- Listen to recordings and practice repeating after them.5. Listening- Listen to a recording and answer questions about the content.- Pay attention to the main idea, details, and speaker's tone.- Practice listening to different accents and speeds.- Take notes while listening to help you remember key points.Remember to practice a little bit every day to prepare for the exam. Good luck, future scholars! You can do it!篇9Hello everyone! Today I'm gonna share the big news about the entrance exam for the doctoral program in 2024. Are youexcited? Well, let me break it down for you in a simple and fun way!First of all, the exam will have three main parts: listening, reading, and writing. In the listening section, you'll have to listen to conversations and answer questions about them. So make sure to practice your listening skills by watching English movies and TV shows!Next up is the reading section, where you'll have to read passages and answer questions. Remember to pay attention to details and take your time to understand the text. You can also practice by reading English books and articles.Last but not least is the writing section. You'll have to write essays on various topics, so make sure to practice your writing skills by writing every day. Remember to use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary to impress the examiners!In addition to these three main sections, there will also be a speaking test where you'll have to have a conversation with the examiners. So practice speaking English with your friends or even in front of a mirror to boost your confidence!Overall, the key to doing well in the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Don't worry if you make mistakes, just keeplearning and improving. With hard work and dedication, I'm sure you'll do great in the 2024 entrance exam for the doctoral program. Good luck everyone, you got this!篇10Dear students,Welcome to the 2024 PhD entrance examination! We're so excited to have you all here to take part in this big test. We know it can be a little nerve-wracking, but don't worry, we believe in you!First off, let's talk about what's going to be on the exam. You can expect to see questions on a variety of topics, including your field of study, general knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The exam will be divided into multiple sections, each testing different aspects of your abilities.In the first section, you'll be asked to demonstrate your knowledge of your field of study. This might include questions about key concepts, major figures in the field, and recent developments. Make sure to review your notes and textbooks before the exam to refresh your memory!The second section will test your general knowledge. You might be asked questions about current events, popular culture, or historical events. Stay up to date on the news and try to read widely to prepare for this section.The third section will focus on critical thinking. You'll be presented with scenarios or arguments and asked to analyze them, identify flaws, and make logical conclusions. Practice thinking critically about the world around you to do well on this part of the exam.Finally, the fourth section will test your problem-solving skills. You might be given a complex problem and asked to come up with a solution, or asked to explain your thought process for solving a puzzle. Practice thinking creatively and approaching problems from different angles to excel on this section.Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm and do your best. Good luck, and we look forward to seeing all the amazing things you will accomplish in your future academic career!Sincerely,The Examination Committee。
北京林业大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
北京林业大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析1.When workers are organized in trade unions,employers find it hard to lay them.(A)off(B)aside(C)Out(D)down2.The wealth of a country should be measured the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.(A)in line with(B)in terms of(C)in regard with(D)by means of3.He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any on what he promises.(A)faith(B)belief(C)credit(D)reliance Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.4.My students found the book it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.(A)enlightening(B)confusing(C)distracting(D) amusing5.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will down the economy.(A)put(B)settle(C)drag(D)knock6.In this factory the machines are not regulated but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.(A)independently(B)individually(C)irrespectively(D) irregularly7.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change,or causes energy to be in some form.(A)given off(B)put out(C)set off(D)used up8.If businessmen are taxed too much,they will no longer be motivated to work hard,with the result that incomes from taxation might actually.(A)shrink(B)delay(C)disperse(D)sink9.American companies are evolving from mass-production manufacturing to enterprises.(A)moveable(B)changing(C)flexible(D)varying10.If you know what the trouble is,why don't you help them to the situation?(A)simplify(B)modify(C)verify(D)rectify11.I can not what has happened to the vegetables,for they were freshly picked this morning.(A)figure out(B)draw out(C)look out(D)work out12.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with flat.(A)disapproval(B)rejection(C)refusal(D)decline13.From this material we can hundreds of what you may call direct products.(A)derive(B)discern(C)diminish(D)displace14.She had clearly no of doing any work,although she was very well paid.(A)tendency(B)ambition(C)intention(D)willingness15.What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well becomea third time.(A)clean and measurable(B)notable and systematic(C)pure and wholesome(D)clear and organic16.The public opinion was that the time was not for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr.Jones.(A)reasonable(B)ripe(C)ready(D)practical17.Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the of hunger.(A)sensation(B)cause(C)purpose(D)motive18.For the new country to survive,for its people to enjoy prosperity,new economic policies will be required.(A)to name a few(B)let alone(C)not to speak(D) let's say19.Foreing disinvestment and the of South Africa from world capital markets after1985further weakened its economy.(A)displacement(B)elimination(C)exclusion(D) exception20.When a number of people together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.(A)pad(B)pack(C)squeeze(D)cluster1.本题的答案是(A)(A)(lay)off："解雇"。
北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试说明(考试大纲,公布版)
“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”说明（2015）I. 考试性质根据教育部2013年1号文件《教育部关于2013年深化教育领域综合改革的意见》，为适应博士研究生“申请-考核制”的招生方式，特设立“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试（Graduate Admission Test of English, PKU，简称PKU-GATE)”。
II. 考查目标考生应掌握下列英语语言知识和技能：一、词汇与语法运用考生应能掌握8000-10000左右的词汇。
考生应能掌握基本的英语语法知识并熟练运用，鼓励考生用听、说、读、写、译的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在英语交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
二、听力与阅读理解听力部分测试考生听力理解的技能及对英语口语信息的短期记忆能力。
阅读部分要求考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料，理解主旨要义和文中的相关信息，根据上下文推测生词的词义，领会作者的意图、观点或态度。
三、书面表达能力考生应能使用英语书写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。
Ⅲ. 考试形式和考试内容一、考试形式考试形式为闭卷笔试，考试时间为180分钟，满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册、标准化答题卡和主观题答题纸。
考生应将客观题的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将主观题的答案书写在答题纸指定位置的区域内。
考生应自备2B铅笔和橡皮等文具用于标准答题卡的填涂。
二、考试内容考试分三部分，包括听力、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分听力考查考生英语的听力理解能力。
第二部分阅读理解该部分考查考生阅读并理解书面英语的能力。
第三部分写作该部分由A、B、C三节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。
A节：议论文写作。
考生根据一段阅读材料和一段音视频材料的提示信息，写出一篇250-300词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。
B节：有两种可能的题型：1）考生根据所给的图表写出150-180词（标点符号不计算在内）的描述性、解释性短文。
中国林业科学研究院-研究生入学考试试题-博士英语(样题)
中国林业科学研究院博士研究生入学考试（样题）请将客观题部分的36-44题以及主观题部分的答案写在答题纸上，其余部分填在答题卡上，答在试卷及草稿纸上无效。
Part I. Vocabulary (10 points)Section A (5 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are 10 sentences. Each has something missed out. Below each sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a square bar across the brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Their production of Macbeth was the most visually ________ performance I've ever seen.A. imperiousB. strikingC. demandingD. equitable2. The government's ________ of commitment to the environment seem less believable every day.A. professionsB. occupationC. responsibilityD. hype3. _________ the ceasefire, rebel troops are again firing on the capital.A. In defiance ofB. In accord withC. In excuse ofD. On the face of4. Since the championship began in 1987, they have finished ________ in ninth, seventh and fifth position.A. recessivelyB. successivelyC. subsequentlyD. predominantly5. "That doesn't concern you!" she _________ and left alone angrily.A. reflectedB. distortedC. questionedD. retorted6. We are only interested in the parts of the proposals that _________ to local issues.A. adhereB. correspondC. pertainD. object7. The table has a plastic coating which prevents liquids from _________ into the wood beneath.A. pertainingB. permeatingC. prevailingD. preparing8. It’s natural for Judy to _________ towards the end of a hard day’s work.A. clear offB. loosen offC. slack offD. back off9. Planes bombed the guerrilla positions yesterday in an attempt to _________ out snipers fromunderground tunnels.A. cleanseB. wipeC. rushD. move10. The company who was always described as “a stranger in Wall Street” _________ itself for havingtaken on so many new employees last year.A. keenedB. preemptedC. neatenedD. preenedSection B (5 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest to the meaning of the underlined one. Then mark the corresponding letter with a square bar across the brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11. The National Zoo announced yesterday that Tai Shan would leave the zoo and be sent to China, inaccordance with previous agreements.A. currentB. formerC. presentD. formal12. She was deeply frustrated by the amount of criticism her play received.A. baffledB. deportedC. involvedD. deprived13. Nick trailed his hand in the water; it felt warm in the sharp chill of the morning.A. hidedB. wettedC. dippedD. dragged14. Nothing Helen says is ever spontaneous. She always thinks carefully before she speaks.A. improvisedB. homogenousC. rigorousD. simultaneous15. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in wantof a wife.A. in need ofB. in ownership ofC. in process ofD. in charge of16. I am sure she is not half so handsome as Jane, nor half so good humored as Lydia.A. endowedB. enjoyedC. naturedD. discerned17. Whole chunks of the past are erased from the textbooks, leaving history thoroughly sanitized.A. sectsB. sheetsC. lumpsD. trends18. The digital and the physical worlds are becoming increasingly interwoven.A. tangibleB. corporalC. subsidiaryD. reliable19. Capital from past successes is being recycled too, through investors from abroad.A. stockB. metropolisC. capriceD. wealth20. From science to Shakespeare, excellent television program are available in abundance to teachers.A. suspenseB. depravityC. plenitudeD. operationPart II. Reading Comprehension (39 points)Section A (30 points, 2 point each)Directions: There are three reading passages in this section. Each passage is followed by four questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Y ou should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter with a square bar across the brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1He has influenced generations of artists but John Baldessari’s own celebrity came relatively late. A physically imposing 79 year old, he seemed slightly uncomfortable at a press conference at the Metropolitan Museum, where a traveling retrospective of his work has just opened for its final stop. Asked to distil his art for the many who have not heard of him, he responded cheerfully that it was not the job of an artist of “spoon-feed” viewers but to make them feel intelligent.For decades Mr. Baldessari has made art that challenges convention. Though his work is heavily conceptual, it is not designed to alienate---and is often very funny. In the wake of abstract expressionism, when painting was all, Mr. Baldessari was investigating what it meant to make a painting, what the rules were, and how far he could stretch them, In the 1960s he created a series of works that featured mostly text on canvas, painted by sign professionals. One, in black letters on canvas, reads “PURE BEAUTY”. The words sit there like an irony, a question, a declaration.“I don not believe in screwing the bourgeoisie,” Mr. Baldessari explained in an interview. The irony inhis work is not designed to reveal what is vacant in art, or what is silly about those who buy it. He just wants people to question what they are looking at. He pokes fun at the art establishment, but he lets viewers in o the joke. Art, he says, supplies “spiritual nourishment”. Asked if a show at the Met sat uncomfortably with his subversive streak, Mr. Baldessari did not miss a beat: “I would be happy to hang in a broom closet at the Met. It’s a huge honor.”Mr. Baldessari attributes some of his experimentation to having grown up in National City, California, a suburb just north of the Mexican border and well beyond the reach of any art scene. He was culturally isolated, but also free from the pressures of rejection. “I was trying to find out what was irreducibly art.”His boldest early work was his “Cremation Project” in 1970, when he ceremonially burned nearly all the paintings he had made between 1953 and 1966. “I really thing it’s my best piece to date,” he wrote of it at the time.He supported himself by teaching, mainly at the progressive California Institute of the Arts in Valencia. He earned a reputation for being a revolutionary and generous teacher who inspired students to renounce painting and view art as something that happens in the brain. “Artists are indebted to him,” said Marla, who organized the show at the Met. He taught countless people how to make art form the ordinary stuff of life. Now the man himself is finally getting his due.Questions21. The main idea of this passage is _______.A. what the progress of Baldessari’s art creating isB. how Baldessari defines artC. why Baldessari investigate the rules for artD. how Baldessari became famous22. The word “spoon-feed” (Line 5, Para.1) means________.A. showing the ideas to people by means of holding a spoonB. forcing people to accept the ideasC. providing people with materials to create artD. cheering up the people seeing the pictures23. Which of the following is not the principal feature of Baldessari’s work?A. ConceptualB. IronicC. IsolatedD. Funny24. What’s the purpose of John Baldessari’s using irony in his works?A. He hopes people can challenge what they see.B. He uses irony to attract people to buy them.C. He wants to make his work really funny.D. He uses it to reveal what really matters in art.25. The highlight of John Baldessari’s job as a teacher is that _______.A.he needs much more money to run his traveling showsB.he wants students to readjust their perspective on artC.he thinks school is the best place to create artD.he wants to talk students into giving up painting。
(完整版)博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲
福州大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲一、考查目标本考试重点考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能（本考试属水平考试，不指定任何参考书）。
具体要求如下：1. 词汇要求考生掌握约5000个英语词汇和约500个常用词组。
此外，还应掌握词汇间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
2．语法要求考生熟练掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇，并能在实践中准确、自如地运用这些知识。
3．阅读要求考生能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能熟练地阅读和理解一般性题材的文章、科技文章及应用性形式的阅读材料。
要求能理解主旨大意，读懂细节，能理解上下文的逻辑关系，并领会作者或话语参与各方的主要意图和态度及其异同等。
4．语篇完形处理在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完形处理。
5．翻译（1）英译汉要求考生能在30分钟内把一篇150词左右的一般性题材的英语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词正确，无较大的语言错误。
（2）汉译英要求考生能在30分钟内把一篇150字左右的一般性题材的汉语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成英语。
要求译文忠实于原文，译文达意，符合英语表达习惯，无较大的语言错误。
6．写作要求考生能根据命题或图表等在30分钟内写出一篇200字以上的短文，或根据所给文章（中文或英文）要求写出200字以上的英文摘要。
写作部分的考查目标是测试考生用英语书面表达思想和见解的能力。
所写文章应切合主题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，无较大的语言错误。
二、题型、题量、分值本考试所制定的试卷为笔试，卷面分为试卷一和试卷二，共有五个部分，包括词汇与语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。
北京林业大学考博英语汇复习之基础部分28
北京林业大学考博英语汇复习之基础部分28249.be/feel equal to(=have enough strength,ability etc.)(某人)能胜任,能应付on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地250.be equipped with装备有,装有251.(be)equivalent to(=equal in value,amount,meaning)相等于,相当于252.in essence(=in its/one’s nature)本质上253.at all events(=in spite of everything,in any case)不论怎样,无论如何254.in any event(=whatever happens in the future)无论如何,不管(将来)怎么样255.in the event that(=if)假如,如果.in the event结果,实际情况是(常与but连用) 256.in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生..时257.except除…以外;besides除…以外还有..258.except(=but)除了。
259.except for(=apart from)除…以外260.(an)exception to…的例外261.with the exception of(=except,apart from)除去….,除…以外262.in excess of(=more than)超过263.exchange…for以…交换264.exclusive of(=not taking into account;without)不包括265.in excuse of作为…的借口266.exert…on…对…施加…267.exert oneself to do sth.努力,使劲e into existence(=begin to exist)开始存在;come into use开始使用;come into effect 开始运转;come into fashion开始时新;come into action开始行动;come into power开始执政; come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花;269.(be)in existence存在come into existence出现270.expect…of在…期望…271.at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲272.expose…to…使暴露于…,使…受(危险,风险)273.be exposed to…面临…,受到….274.beyond expression(=in a manner that cannot be expressed)无法形容,说不出的275.give expression to表达,表现;find expression in表现276.to…extent在…程度上277.in the extreme(=extremely)极其278.look sb.in the eye正视,打量(某人)279.close(shut)one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见280.in one’s mind’s eye在心目中,在想象中281.in the twinkling of an eye一眨眼,转眼间282.keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看,监视（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 283.in the eyes of in one’s eyes(=in the judgment of)在某人看来,在某人眼里284.on the face of it(=judging by what one can see)表面看来285.in the face of面对着(困难等情况)286.in one’s face当着某人的面;face to faced面对面;face up to大胆面向287.fail in(=be unsuccessful in)失败288.in good faith(=honestly,sincerely)真诚地289.keep faith with对…守信用290.lose faith in对…失去信心291.on faith毫无怀疑地,依赖地292.faithful to(=loyal to)对…忠诚293.fall into the habit(of)养成…习惯294.fall short of(=fail to reach a desired result,standard,etc.)没达到,低于295.familiar with熟悉,了解296.have a fancy for(=like sth.without the help of reason)(没有道理地)喜欢,想要297.take a fancy to(=become fond of)喜欢298.by far远,非常(与比较级或最高级连用)299.far from远远不是300.far from非但不…(而且)301.in fashion(=stylish,most modern)时兴,流行302.after the fashion(of)依照…303.find fault with(=complain about;criticize)找毛病，对…吹毛求疵304.at fault(=in the wrong,blamable)有错305.in favour of赞成本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
北林研究生院考试大纲
北林研究生院考试大纲
北林研究生院考试大纲是指北京林业大学研究生院制定的用于组织研究生入学考试的教学大纲。
以下是一个可能的北林研究生院考试大纲的示例，具体以实际公布的大纲为准：
1. 考试科目：按专业设置，包括基础学科和专业学科。
2. 考试内容：根据专业学科的要求，设置相应的考试内容。
一般包括基础理论知识和专业知识。
3. 基础理论知识考试：涉及学科的基础理论知识及相关概念、原则、定理、方法和技能等。
4. 专业知识考试：涉及各专业领域的核心知识和技能。
5. 考试形式：根据实际情况，可以采用笔试、口试或综合测试的方式进行。
6. 考试要求：考生需牢固掌握所学专业的基础理论知识，理解和掌握专业知识体系，具备相关专业的基本能力和实践能力。
7. 考试时间和地点：根据实际情况确定具体的考试时间和地点，并提前告知考生。
请注意，以上仅为示例，实际的北林研究生院考试大纲可能会有调整和差异。
建议考生在报考前详细了解官方发布的大纲，并根据大纲的要求进行备考。
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北京林业大学博士生入学考试英语考试大纲
2006年10月
一、总述
北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试，由教育部批准并授权组织。
凡具备教育部规定的申请博士学位的人员均可报名参加。
考生报考的专业不同，但均参加统一的博士生英语入学考试。
北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试时间为180分钟，试题总分为100分。
设有听力、词汇、阅读、完型填空、翻译、写作六种题型。
听力考试磁带播放完毕，继续进行笔试部分，不分时间段。
考题以一般社交用语、人文知识、科普常识为语言素材、以一般社会生活、学校教育和科研活动为话题，重在考查考生用英语进行社交、工作和科研的能力。
为帮助考生复习，我校新编《北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试模拟试题集》及配套磁带，原模拟题集废止。
现模拟题集共有样题十套，为原生题（选真实语料自行编写），帮助考生熟悉考试形式、体会考试难度、了解考题的语言素材，并在复习的过程中进一步学习英语。
二、题型与分值分布
北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试分为六部分。
1．听力：20分
共20题，每题1分。
分为3个部分。
时间长度为30分钟左右。
第一部分9分。
播放一遍。
为9段简短社交或日常学习、生活对话，每段对话之后，以播音形式提出一个问题。
考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
第二部分6分。
播放一遍。
为两段200-300词的讲话或长对话，人文类和科普类各一段。
每段内容之后用播音形式提出三个问题。
考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
第三部分5分。
播放两遍。
为一段200-300词的讲话或长对话，内容为一般社会知识。
以播音形式提出5个问题（随播放内容分别播两遍），考生在答卷上做1-5个词的简要回答。
2．词汇：10分
共20题，每题0.5分。
分为两个部分：前十句中每句有一个词语为空白，考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
后十句中每句一个词语有下划线，考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四
个答案中选择一个意思最相近的词语。
3．阅读：30分
共15题，每题2分。
阅读3篇400-450词的短文，一般社会知识两篇，科普内容一篇。
每篇短文后有5个问题，考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
4．完型填空：10分
共10题，每题一分。
在一篇200-250词的英语短文中，有10个空白。
考生从试卷上给出的A，B，C，D 四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
5．翻译：15分
共5题，每题3分。
两个30词左右的英语句子译成汉语。
3个40字左右的汉语句子译成英语。
6．写作：15分
1题。
根据题目要求写出至少300词的论述文。
三、考察目标
北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试考查考生的英语基础知识，用英语进行交际的能力，用英语进行科研的初步能力。
试题六个部分具体考查目标如下：
1．听力：
考查考生接收并理解口头英语信息的能力。
难度与教育部英语6级考试以及北京市研究生英语学位统一考试的水平相当。
第一部分9段简短的一般社交或日常学习、生活对话，考查考生接收表层信息符号和理解深层意义、进行普通交际活动中听的能力。
第二部分的两段讲话或对话考查考生对全篇的主旨大意、段落的细节、上下文中的词语的理解，对相关问题进行一定的判断、推理、意义引申，对讲话人的观点、意图、态度的领会。
第三部分主要考查考生在听讲时记录主要观点、重要内容，以及一些重要的人名、地名、概念、数字等项的能力，用英语高度概括、总结事实并简要表达的能力。
2．词汇：
考查考生的词汇量和用法。
目前暂时以教育部的非英语专业硕士研
究生词汇表和六级词汇表为依据，考察词汇量为7000。
在一般常用范围、较宽常用范围、要求识记三个层次内考查词义、固定搭配、构词法、上下文中的恰当使用，以及近义词的辨义，形态相似词的辨义。
3．阅读：
考查考生阅读并理解表层意义和深层意义的能力, 以及阅读速度，包括：
◼根据主题句和总结话语掌握文章的观点；
◼根据特定的词语和篇章指示语掌握全文篇章结构的逻辑关系和阐述观点的走向；
◼据此掌握文章的主旨大意；
◼结合自己的各种知识了解文章的蕴涵意义；
◼据此判断作者的态度和写作风格；
◼准确理解文章的细节；
◼利用语法知识和社会、科技等常识解决长句、难句的理解；
◼综合各种知识、认知手段、阅读技巧、根据上下文推导出生词、短语的意义。
4．完型填空：
考查考生的语言综合能力。
包括：
◼理解全文的内容和意义；
◼根据上下文推断空白处的意义；
◼根据上下文判断空白处的语法情况；
◼分辨选项所提供词语的意义、用法。
5．翻译：
考查考生的汉英双语互译能力。
英译汉的句子取自英语原版期刊、报纸、书籍。
汉译英的句子取自汉语读物。
要求考生准确理解原文的意义，采用合乎汉语和英语习惯的句法结构重新构架句型，选取恰当的词语转换成新的句子的能力。
要求译文通顺、流畅，忠实表达原文的意思，与原文的语体、语气、感情色彩等文字特点相符；书写工整清楚，易于阅读。
6．写作：
考查考生撰写微型论文的能力。
以考生熟悉的社会生活、学习情况、科研活动为话题，撰写初步的论述文体。
要求考生努力达到：
◼开门见山地提出明确的观点；
◼以充分和鲜明的论据支持观点；
◼谋篇布局合理，逻辑表达明晰；
◼段落层次清楚，指代关系明确；
◼句子结构正确，句型富于变化；
◼用词准确得体，语汇丰富生动；
◼文体正确，合乎规范；
四、答题须知
1．试卷与答题纸
博士生英语入学考试试题分试卷与答题纸两个部分，所有答案都要求写在指定答题纸上，答在试卷和草稿纸上无效。
答题纸共三份：
1、标准答题卡（共65分，全部客观选择题）；
2、答题纸1（20分，包括：听力第三部分，5分；翻译，15分）；
3、答题纸2（15分，写作）。
2．答题要求
◼答题卡、答卷上的姓名、考号用签字笔或钢笔填写。
答题卡上的65题以及与考号相应的数码用AB-2B的考试专用笔填涂。
答题
纸1、答题纸2用签字笔或钢笔回答。
◼答题卡填涂要求：①务必填写并填涂考号。
即：首先用签字笔或钢笔填写考号。
在考号每位数字的下面，有纵向排列的0-9十个数码。
在每一纵行里，用铅笔将与考号相应的每一位数字涂黑。
②填涂考号和选择题的[A][B][C][D]时，要用铅笔将字母完全涂
黑，正确的方法是涂成规范的方形，下笔要重一些。
即：[A][B]
[C][D]。
③填涂务必对应题号，准确填涂。
④提倡随做题，随填
卡。
也可在试题本上先标记答案，随后一并填卡。
但要确保留出
充分的填卡时间。
答在试卷上无效。
◼答题纸1、答题纸2，请严格按照题号回答，不要张冠李戴。
◼由于时间有限，允许在卷面上直接回答、直接更改，但要保证答题的可读性。
五、复习备考
备考的根本目的是进一步提高英语语言技能，同时复习或学习英语
语言知识，以便顺利通过考试，并为今后的博士生英语课程学习奠定良好的基础。
所提供模拟题集，仅供考生了解题型和难度，不提供考试素材。
如果仅仅背题目答案，对考试没有任何作用。
作文的准备注意三点：首先要符合文体，切不可写成故事、个人经验等各种非正规文体，要注意摆脱市面考试辅导教材的八股文体，尤其不可写成三段式的凑字数八股（如：有的人认为，还有的人认为，我认为）；其次，在300词的有限空间内，尽量传达更多的有效信息，支持自己旗帜鲜明的观点，避免无用的长篇套话、废话；最后，不必猜测题目，事先做出文章以备考试套用，这是徒劳无益之举。
备考要做到：
◼通过练习尽可能提高听的能力和记录重要信息的能力；
◼复习词汇、短语，熟练掌握并拓宽常用词语的意义和用法，增加一般词语的识记量；
◼适当复习语法知识，熟练掌握必要的语法规则；
◼真正提高阅读理解、翻译、写作的能力；
◼熟悉考试题型，做一定量的考试模拟练习；
◼制定适合自己的应试策略和方法，按自己的情况设计并控制答题时间。
辅助复习资料
由于全国博士生入学考试没有统一的模式和要求，因此也没有相同的复习辅助资料。
准备报考北京林业大学的考生在复习备考时除我校提供的《北京林业大学博士生英语入学考试模拟试题集》外，还可以将以下材料作为复习参考：
◼《博士研究生入学考试》吴永麟习天辉学苑出版社 2006年8月该系列包括：
《英语全国重点院校真题解析》
《英语阅读精粹》
《英语词汇精粹》
《英语模拟考场》
◼《博士研究生入学考试指导丛书》罗立胜北京理工大学出版社2006年10月
该系列包括：
《考博英语实战指导》
《考博英语词汇必备》
其他相关辅助资料都可使用。
这些资料仅仅帮助考生复习与提高英语，与考题没有任何关系。
考生可酌情自由选用。
北京林业大学衷心祝愿考生顺利通过考试，加入北京林业大学的博士生行列，在学业上攀登新高峰。