语法填空专项指导 2

语篇填空题专项指导

一.题型特点

Ⅰ考点分析

1. 根据句子结构确定词性

句子基本结构

1.提示词：

结合语法填空题的特点，给出提示词的题目一般要考查的考点为：动词时态、语态、动词的单复数、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、及同源词转化等。

答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词。

2. 纯空格题：答案只有一个词

1）语法词所谓的语法词和语境之间关系不是很大，一般通过语法结构就可以答题。语法词包括以下几类：

第1类：介词；

第2类：并列连词(and, so , but ，or)；定语从句的关系词；名词性从句的连接词；

状语从句的从属连词（although /though , till/until出错较多）；疑问代词疑

问副词等

第3类：先行it (形式主语、形式宾语)、虚义it及存在句中的引词there;

第4类：强调结构中的that, who; 一些固定结构；倒装结构的功能词2）语境词主要是通过上下文才能填出来的词，主要包括：

第1类：冠词a(an) the

第2 类：代词

1）不定代词：some, any , no 以及它们的合成词，one ,none ,all ,every ,each, other , another , either , neither , both , half ,many , much , little , few 等2）人称代词

3）形容词性物主代词

4）反身代词

5）指代词

二、解题思路

做语法填空题时，可以用一种由大及小的思路去（其根据是此题的特点---语境与语法相结合）思考答案。也就是说，可以从“篇章，句子，词汇”三个层面去思考。

1.通读全文，把握语篇

通读全文的目的是把握好文章的大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因

为“语义”决定了空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。

大忌：不要读一句就填一个答案，仅仅看空格前后局部的结构，迅速作答。这似乎加快了答题的速度，但事实上会使你欲速则不达。

2. 结合语境，依据句法、词法知识填空。

基本了解文章大意后，就可以动手填空了。分析句子结构与空格、边读边填，遇到一时想出来的答案，不要用太多时间停留在此题上，先跳过去，做后面的题，待填完其他空格后，再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义，填入最佳单词。

3.验证复查。

将所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章从头至尾读一遍，看其在逻辑、语法结构、搭配方面是否无误。

三、解题技巧

Ⅰ.提示词

（1）给出动词填空的解题技巧。

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考：技巧一：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要

考虑时态和语态。

1. If I _________ (elect) as vice president of our English club, I __________ (organize)

all kinds of activities to enrich our school life.

2. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, ______

(close) my book and walked away.

3. In Logan, three people ______ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local

clinic.

4. Their personal safety could not ______ (guarantee)

5. Up to now, the smog has occurred many times, which ________(do) great harm to our daily life.

6. Every now and then, a lot of flights __________(delay) because of low visibility .

7. They suggested that we _________(take) some warm clothes.

技巧二：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用-ing形式、-ed形式，还是用不定

式形式。确定的方法主要有：

1）作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：

1. …but it is not enough only ____________(memorize) rules from a grammar book.

2. ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

2 ）作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：

1. ______________ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

2. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ____________ (succeed).

3 ）作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：

1. He saw the stone, ___________ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”

2. The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests.

4）不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。

巩固练习：

1. ____________ (avoid) such troubles, it is your responsibility to know the rules before

your flight takes off for / towards your destination.

2 . I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man ________ (sit) at the front.

3. A free hotline __________（offer）help to teenagers was opened in Guangzhou Province recently.

4. ________ (give) another chance to attend the college entrance examination，I will spare

no efforts to study all the subjects well.

5. __________ ( live) a better life, we should take a series of measures.

6. He went out, ________(wear) a mask in hazy weather.

7. ____________ (realize) the great harm _____(cause) by the smog, I went to work with

the public transportation .

8. We should plant more trees ________( absorb) and clean the ________(pollute) air.

9. Only in this way can we save ourselves from ______________ (harm) by smog.