特殊句式及练习

特殊句式一、倒装句1．全部倒装(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。

Look，there’s that bookshop I was telling you about.(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here, there, now，then, up, down, in，out, away，off等置于句首时，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，为使生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序。

此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。

There goes the phone.I’ll answer it.(3)such作表语置于句首时。

Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th century’s greatest scientist.(4) 为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装（表语前置）。

Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students.Planted on the top of the mountain were some trees.(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。

In the center of the square stands a monument.(6) 直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。

“If you die，who will get your money？” asked Holmes.2．部分倒装在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。

(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，scarcely, by no means，nowhere, at no time，under no circumstances/in no case/by no means/on no account等not a +名词等表示否定或半否定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。

Little does he care about what others think.(2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...w hen...，n ot only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。

Neither does he drink nor smoke.(3) often, many a time, always, once等表示时间的频度副词放在句首时应用部分倒装。

Many a time has he been to Paris. 他去过巴黎多次。

(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。

So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.(5) 以only开头的句子（only后面为副词、介词短语或状语从句），采用部分倒装，即把谓语的助动词放到主语之前，谓语用原形。

Only then did I find I had made a mistake.(6）so/as＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也是……”。

Times have changed and so have I.当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也不……”。

They couldn’t understand it at that time，and nor could we.注意：so + 人称代词（同一主语）+ 助动词，这种结构中的主谓是正常语序，用以重述前面的情况，以表示赞同或强调。

----It was cold yesterday.----So it was.注意：so it is/was with + 另一主语，这种结构表示这一主语的情况也如此。

主要用于上文出现两个以上句子（情况），而在逻辑上这些句子表现同一主语，通常是有肯定和否定的混合句。

或有两个（以上）谓语。

Mike likes Chinese but he is not good at Chinese. So it is with Tom./It is the same with Tom.注意：主语+ 动词do(某种形式)+so, 此句型用以避免重复前文所述动词及其宾（状）语，表示该句型中的主语做了前文中已提到的动作，此句型中的主语可与前句主语相同，也可以是另外的人。

She asked me to speak louder and I did so.(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。

Had it not been for your help，we shouldn’t have achieved so much.(8)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。

May you succeed!3.形式倒装句(1)as和though引导的让步状语从句,可以将表语和状语置于句首，但主谓不倒装。

Try as/though she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.Tired as/though he is, he is still working. Child(不加冠词) as he is, he seems to know everything.(2)however或no matter how修饰形容词或副词要前置，用以加强语气，Whatever the boys says, his mother always thinks that he is right.However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.(3)感叹句What an interesting talk they have! How interesting their talk was!(4)the more...the more句型The more you listen to the talk, the easier it becomes.二、强调句1．使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。

First impressions really do count.2．运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分。

强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分。

可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语成分。

被强调的成分举例：原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.注意：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。

It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用when，where，why或how等。

It was on August 8,2008 that 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.(3)强调句型的一般疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?(4)强调句型的特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。

特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。

例如：Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday? When was it that she changed her mind?(5)在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until 之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。

注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。

I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.注意：1.强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。

试比较：It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut. (强调句)It was March 1 when I had my hair cut. (后面是定语从句)判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”。