形容词与副词讲义

专题五形容词与副词

中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各种句型，形容词作定语的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。

一.形容词：形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语等。

1.作定语，放在名词前，something, anything, nothing, everythin命复合不定代词之后；形容词修饰疑问代

词时，也须放在其后。

如: It ' scold and windy day. Would you like something hot to drink?

What else can you see? 你还能看见其它什么东西？

2.作表语，放在系动词之后。常见的系动词有be, become, get变）,turn（变）,feel, look（看起来）,seem,

smell, sound, taste 女口：He looks happy today.

Silk feels soft.绸子摸起来很软。Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.

3.作宾补，放在宾语之后宀

★| keep/fi nd/make/thi nk+宾语+ 形容词（作宾补）| We are maki ng our country stro ng.

4.形容

女口： a big yellow Chinese wooden ship（一个黄色的大型中国木船）

★前置形容词（作定语）的顺序为：

限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；

★限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词等。

★表观点的描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、interesting、great等。

★大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词big,small, ,short, tall

★表示形状”的词如：round, square等。

★年龄，新旧，颜色的形容词you ng，old，n ew，white，red等

★国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。Chinese, rural （乡村的）

★材料”的词如：wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。

★作用类别”的词如：medical, college, writing desk，police car等。

两个圆形的蓝色日本塑料盘__________________________

5.有关形容词的用法辨析：

⑴whole与all :记住两个词序：

①the whole + 名词；如：He was busy the whole morning.整个早晨他都很忙）

②all （of） the + 名词。 He can remember all the words he learns.

⑴tall 与high, short 与low:

★指人的个子（树、楼）时用tall与short；如：He' s very tall/short他个子高/矮）

Tall trees are sta nding on both sides of that ave nue.

★指其他事物（含价格price 时）一般用high 与low。 A few people live on high mountains.

⑴ real 与true：

① real一般指东西的真假，译为真的” This is a real diamond and it ' s very expensive.

★true指事情或消息的可靠性真实的”-ls that true? —Yes. I heard it with my own ears.

⑴ interested与interesting 的区别：

①interesting 指人或东西有趣的”作定语或表语,女口：The man is very interesting and all the

children like him. / This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.

②interested则表示人对别的事物’感兴趣的”只能作表语I am interested in scienee.

（excited/exciting; bored/boring 等类似）

（5）nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的，可以指东西、人物外表等；

女口：Let' s go and share the nice cake./ She is a nice 漂亮的）

good/well】fine —般指身体或天气好What a fine day!侈好的天气！）/ I am fine.我身体很好

（6）too much 与much too :

★too much表示太多的”修饰不可数名词，表数量；如：I am full because I have had too much rice.

★much too表示太”修饰形容词或副词，表程度。That coat is much too dear.

（7）quick、fast与soon： quick 与fast基本同义

★quick常指反应速度快After a quick lunch, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.

★fast往往指运动速度快, A train is much faster than a bus.

★soon则表示时间上很快即将发生（将来时）。His father will be back to China very soon.

（8）Ionely 与alone：

★Ionely有感情色彩的形容词，意思是：抓独的，寂寞的；荒凉的”作定语或表语

★alone adj.独自的，单独的”客观情况，仅作表语，（作为副词的alone可作状语）。

如：He lives alone but he doesn ' t feel （他n一人独住，但是并不感到孤独）He is a lonely person. （9）sick与ill区别:*sick和ill都表示生病的”但是,sick可以做定语、表语，而ill只能做表语，

女口：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.

Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets ' owners like them.

中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。

1.副词的分类

副词按词汇意义可分为：

方式畐寸词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly 程度畐寸词：very，much，eno ugh, almost，rather，地点畐【J词：here, there, out，somewhere abroad, home 时间副词：today，early，soon, now, then，rece ntly

频度畐【J词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never 否定畐寸词：no, not, n either, nor

疑问畐【J词：where, how, why 其他：also, too, only

2.副词的基本用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如：We should listen to our teacherscarefully .（修饰动词） He is very happy today.（表时间）

“ What happened? ” I asked, rather ang修饰［adv./ln spring,l can see flowers everywhere.表地点）

3.副词的位置

①时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾，注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾‘already、just 一般放在动词的前面。I will do it tomorrow. ②疑问副词：how , when, where, why放在句子的开头。如 Where did he go yesterday?

③关系副词，连接副词放在所连接从句的开头I should like to know whe n the new term will beg in?

④频度副词通常都放在动词前面，但若句子里面有情态动词，助动词或动词be,就放在这类动词的

后面。例如：He often does this. / You must always bear this in mind.

⑤副词排列顺序

a）时间，地点副词，小单位在前，大单位在后

b）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.

c）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。He worked very well here last week.

注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能直接修饰动词。改错：I very like English. __________________

⑴4.常见副词用法辨析

（1）already,yet与still 的区别

①already用于现在完成时态的肯定句句中，表示已经”；He had already left whe n I called.

②yet用于现在完成时态的否定句句末，表示还”，用于疑问句句末，表示已经”

Have you found your ruler yet? / I haven ' t finished my homework yet.

③still 表事情还在进行He still works until late every night.

（2）so与such 的区别