完形填空(cloze)
完形填空易错题拓展(初)--英语语法
英语完形填空易错题拓展（初）知识定位完型填空（CLOZE TEST）是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。
它是一种障碍性的测试题。
在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。
这种题型在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10%-15%，长度一般在130-200 个单词左右。
知识梳理完形填空所选短文一般无标题,文章的第一句话往往是引领全文的主题句（不会挖空）,或者引出主题思想的相关内容,是了解文章全貌的"窗口"。
如果第一段第一句话很容易看懂,看完第一句话便可以迅速往下看.要是第一句话费解,不容易看懂,那么不妨看其他段落的首句,以及最后一句,以便能对全文做出大致的推测,心中有一个做题的方向。
然后,迅速浏览全篇,不为空白处纠缠,捕捉文章的中心.这期间,需要根据上下文,有时还要参照各选项所ᨀ供的信息,进行理解.如果是故事性文章,时间,地点,人物就是关键词;抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索,就能理解全文。
若是论述文,主题句,拓展句的识别十分重要,其中表达前后逻辑关系的连接性的词是理解全篇的重要线索.由于短文中抽空达到10 个,失去信息较多,如果考生浏览后不清楚其主题脉络,也不必为此过多担心,至少浏览一遍后有了一个初步印象,为后面做题和逐步理解创造了条件. 相当多的题目无须联系全篇就能解决,过多联系上下文反而耽误时间.所以考生不必因为没弄清文章整体大意而惴惴不安,影响做题.当然,事先了解文章大意不论是对做语义逻辑题还是词汇语法题都是有帮助的,但前ᨀ是不能在理解上花费太多的时间,毕竟这不是阅读理解题。
做题的思路：1. 先扫一遍整篇文章，看文章中主要讲的是什么内容。
圈出一些关键的连词。
（如but, and, not only… but also）2. 一句句仔细看文章。
一般来说整篇文章作者的褒贬是一致的。
掌握作者的主旨，如果说文章说某个人好，通篇都会说好。
3. 结合上下文的意思猜测文章的中空需要的意思。
高考英语复习-完形填空__Cloze_Test
1. A. left C. drove 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreams 3. A. board C. sea 4. A. life
B. got D. enter
D. words B. ship D. deck B. death
C. illness
5. A. similarly B. differently
Practice
Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almost always fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too because students learn so much in just a few short months. 50. A. working C. teaching 51. A. hold C. dislike B. living D. learning B. like D. discover
Step2
Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods. (在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当 的方法选择最佳答案)
Four methods(四种常用的方法)：
1、context (上下文语境) 2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和 固定搭配) 3、information given in the passage (利用文章中 的信息---原词复现、近义词和反义词等)
完形填空之
实战训练
完型填空
完型填空完型填空（Cloze Test）应试技巧完型填空是测试考生语篇理解能力和词汇运用能力的一种综合手段。
做完型填空题，考生必须具有扎实的语法基础、比较牢固的词汇基础以及良好的语感。
1.做题步骤1）通览全篇，分文体，定结构，知大意。
做完型填空题，答题的关键在于准确理解短文的大意。
要做到这一点，就要分清文章的文体与行文结构。
本题的短文多为说明文或议论文，结构较紧凑，往往开门见山地提出主题，然后逐点说明或评议，最后小结。
所以做题前应浏览全篇，重点是首段、尾段以及每段的首句、尾句。
2）初选答案，理脉络，顾前后，忌恋战。
在掌握文章大意的基础上，根据上下文所提供的搭配、结构、语义等线索来初选答案。
初选时，要着眼空格所在的完整句子，瞻前顾后，重点解决与结构、搭配有关的小题。
对于个别词汇的考题，如果一时难以抉择，不要恋战，而是继续往下进行，往往进行到下文，对前边的问题就会有了主意。
3）复读全文，核答案，句通顺，意要畅题目做完后，要通读“完型”后的全文，核查自己所选的答案能否使文章连贯，语法正确。
如果你发现你所选的某个答案放在句中读起来很别扭，那么你的语感在提醒你对此答案要三思。
2.判断技巧做完型填空题时，在遵循以上三个步骤的同时，还要注意解题思路或技巧。
1）搭配判断法根据对以往考试的分析，搭配型题目在完型填空题中占的比例最重。
搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句，哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。
我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。
2）结构判断法结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。
完型填空题目中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。
因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。
完型填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：A.转折、让步：这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。
专四系列讲座之Cloze
为了体现以上思维模式，句与句、词与词 之间常常使用一些过渡词和照应词。这些 词在完型填空中占很大比重，切不可忽视:
因果 as a result，consequently，thus， therefore，for this reason，for that reason， because of，on account of，so that， due to，owing to等 列举 for instance，for example， one example is，such as等
语法结构
在解题中，考生主要依靠所学的 语法知识进行判断推理，排除干扰 项目，选出正确答案。这部分常常 测试动词的不同形式、主谓一致、 连接词、名词单复数、限定词用法、 形容词和副词的级、同位结构、平 行结构、倒装等。
搭配结构
完型填空测试题大量地涉及到搭配 结构，搭配结构有词与词之间的非固 定搭配、固定词组搭配和习语。有些 词和词之间的搭配虽非固定，但考生 在平常学习时应加以注意，如在 economic development zone（经济 开发区）中，我们不能用developing 或developed来代替development。
完型填空
完型填空（cloze）又称综合填空，最近有 人将其形象地译为“克漏字”。这种题型主 要考查考生的语言知识及综合运用能力。目 前，它成了几乎所有英语测试中不可缺少的 题型。这里将详细介绍考试中完型填空的命 题原则、题型特点及解题技巧。
一、完型填空介绍
完型填空主要测试考生运用语言的综合能力， 要求考生在全面理解短文内容的基础上选择出一 个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构完整。 完型填空通常分为规则空格和不规则空格两种。 考试中常采用不规则空格形式，并且在短文开始 的1～2句中不设空格。短文题材极为广泛，涉及 文化、教育、人物、语言、历史、故事、科技等 诸多方面，通常人名、地名、数字、时间不在空 格范围内。测试采用多项选择形式，这样避免了 评分的主观误差，体现出试题的客观性和对考生 的公平性。
CLOZE
做完型题的流程
• 3)做完形题的程序： 做完形题不能只凭感觉做题。考生可能比较习惯 按照题目顺序，边读边做。这样很容易犯“只见树木， 不见森林”的错误。 正确的做题程序是： a.先做整体通读：通过整体通读应读出文章的中 心和文章的导向或作者的基本态度。通读时应注意： 不求甚解，重点读首句或首段。读完首段后可先读尾 段再读其它。除首句外不必读的很细，耗时不能超过 3分钟。 b.以段为单位，按段精读，按段理解，按段做题； 在完型填空文章中，段本身就是具有独立意义的一群。 c.尽心最后的通读检查；建议不要做完后立刻 review，可以过一段时间再进行这一步。
CLOZE
CET 4
Cloze
• • • • • 1.完形填空简介 2.完型填空的特点 3.几种解题策略 4.做完型题的流程 5.完形题的ze) 又叫综合填空，是测试学生 综合运用语言能力的一种题型. 具体地讲, 它要 求大家不但具有阅读理解的能力, 驾驭语法结 构的能力, 辨析词义的能力, 而且还要具有较强 的逻辑思维, 分析和判断能力. 同时对各类词法、 句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配以及写作技 巧等还需具有较强的运用能力。由于这种测试 手段体现了较高的信度和效度, 在外语界得到 了普遍的认同, 因此在各级各类考试中被广泛 应用.
几种解题策略
• 6． 运用背景知识和社会常识解题方法
• 解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的 信息还不够，还需要考生把符合常识的 一些知识信息结合起来考虑，最后选出 符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知 识范围越广，对文章的理解就越容易， 整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局 部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。
几种解题策略
• 2． 分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、 各层次之间的逻辑关系
Cloze--完型填空思维训练2
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的所给选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Around twenty years ago I was living in Y ork. 41 I had a lot of experience and a, I could not find 42 work. I was 43 a school bus to makeends meet and 44 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 45 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 46 the job. “Why has my life become so 47 ?” I thought painfully. As I pulled the bus over to 48 a little girl, she handed me an earring 49 I should keep it 50 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.At first I got angry. Then it 51 me – I had been giving all of my 52 to what was going wrong with my 5 3 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to makea 54 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 55 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 56 from a lady who was a director at a larger 57 . She asked me if I would 58 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes. My 59 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid （报酬优厚的）job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 6 0 that I completely changed my life.41. A. As B. Though C. If D. When42. A. successful B. extra C. satisfying D. convenient43. A. driving B. repairing C. taking D. designing44. A. working B. travelling C. discussing D. living45. A. prepared for B. attended C. asked for D. held46. A. lose B. like C. find D. get47. A. hard B. busy C. serious D. short48. A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for49. A. ordering B. promising C. saying D. showing50. A. in case B. or else C. as if D. now that51. A. hurt B. hit C. caught D. moved52. A. feelings B. attention C. strength D. interests53. A. opinions B. education C. experiences D. life54. A. list B. book C. check D. copy55. A. connect B. turn C. keep D. add56. A. her B. a passenger C. me D. my friend57. A. hospital B. factory C. restaurant D. hotel58. A. listen to B. review C. give D. talk about59. A. plan B. choice C. day D. tour60. A. operation B. speaking C. employment D. thinkingCloze 【2012全国II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
大学英语四级完型题型分析及解题技巧
大学英语四级完型题型分析及解题技巧大学英语四级完型题型分析及解题技巧一、题型分析完型填空(cloze)是在一篇长度约为200词、题材熟悉、难度适中的短文中留出20个空白，每个空白为一题，每个题分别提供四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解文章内容的基础上，从这四个选择项中为每题选择一个最佳答案，从而使短文意义连贯、结构完整。
该部分占卷面分数10％。
完形填空的题型主要有以下特点：1、全文所设置的20个空白的间隔有的词多, 有的词少。
其原因是设置空白需要根据语言点和考点。
2、从选项来看, 每小题的4个选项一般都属于相同或对等的词类或结构, 属于同一范畴。
20个小题的80个选项中所用到的词汇或结构基本不重复, 以期增大考查的覆盖面。
3、从考查能力的重点看, 是以考查对文章的通篇理解和词汇意义为主。
单纯从语法角度命制的题不多, 一般需要考生把握上下文语境的逻辑关系, 掌握一定的常识, 理解词语的搭配等。
总体上讲, 完形填空主要考查考生对语段的连贯性和一致性等特征的辨识能力, 以及对一定语境中规范的语言成分的掌握, 是对考生综合运用语言能力的大检验。
二、常考考点完型填空题测试点主要在词法、语法、语篇和背景知识几方面。
1、词汇辨析词汇是完形填空的最大的考点，近几年，完型填空部分中的词汇辨析的难度在上升，由以往以语篇理解为主的词汇考查转向对较高难度词汇进行考查。
主要考查实词，如名词、形容词、动词、副词。
对名词的测试要点主要是同义词和反义词辨义。
对形容词的测试要点是形容词做定语、表语，形容词最高级和比较级等。
对动词的测试要点是短语、惯用语及虚拟语气。
副词的考查内容包括各类副词(地点副词、时间副词、方式副词、程度副词、连接副词和疑问副词)。
选项往往以同义词，近义词，反义词或形近易混词的形式出现。
固定搭配以动词、形容词与副词、介词构成的词组居多。
这些词组出现在完形填空中，主要以副词和介词为考点。
此部分的出题方式一般是把介词和副词抽出来作选择题，给考生的表面印象是考介词、副词，可是实际考的是短语或惯用语；有时候也会考某些介词的独立用法。
完形填空二(含答案)
Cloze 1John,11 years old, was in bed in hospital. Several days before, while he was 1 in a baseball game, he felland hit his head. The doctors believed that he might 2 get well.“Heseems to have given up hope. So medicines alone won ’t.P3erhaps he needs something else, ”said a doctor. “When I visit hi m al,l he ever says is that he would like to meet Babe Ruth. ”To meet Babe Ruth, of course, was not 4 .In America, Babe Ruth was as important as the President, andhe was the most 5 baseball player.The next day John ’s father tried to tell Babe Ruth about the story of his son on the p hT onw ee.nty-four hourslater, when the boy 6 in his hospital room, Babe Ruth walked in. Young John could hardly 7 his own eyes!The great baseball player sat down at John and’s s a i b d e,d“s iK dei d,,yo u ’ve got to get w I e’ll. ve brought you anew American League baseball,8 you must start throwing it. ”For John this was the beginning of a new life. To 9 doctors ’s urpritshee, boy walked out of the hospitalon his own a few weeks later. He was able to live a healthy life —all because of the 10 of Babe Ruth.1.A.looking B.playing C.talking D.sitting2.A.never B.ever C.always D.sometimes3.A.go B.make C.stop D.help4.A.easy B.lucky C.difficult D.successful5.A.favorite B.nervous C.famous D.dangerous6.A.ran y C.worked ughed7.A.see B.close C.believe D.breathe8.A.or B.so C.though D.because9.A.my B.your C.her D.his10.A.story B.basketball C.present D.lifeCloze 2We could all say that we have bad days as we go through life, but what does it take to have a really good day?I remember a day recently when I had to go to the 1 for special tests because I wasn feeling we’ll atnd mydoctor sent me to a specialist to try and find the cause of my illness.As I 2 to the hospital, I was feeling sad and certainly wasn ’t on t o p A o s f m I g y o g t a t o m t e h.e hospital,I began my 3 for a parking lot. I finally found one not too far from the entrance to the hospital.As I got out and brought my change out of my pocket, I noticed a man looking a little 4 standing in frontof a parking meter( 停车计时收费表)two cars away. He seemed to be searching his pockets for what I supposedwere 5 for the meter. Although I 6 didn ’t feel that greaItt,hought that I should at least go over to himand find out if I could 7 him. As I stood beside him, he turned to me looking worried. I asked him if he had aproblem I could help with. He said that he had no coins at all because he was only thinking about visiting his sickwife when he left his house.I reached into my pocket and 8 out two dollars and gave it to him without saying a word. And, withoutwaiting for a reply, I turned on my h eel and said to him as I was walking away: “Have a good day. ”The funny thing was that I felt a lot brighter, a small smile came to my face, and I seemed to walk just a littlequicker. I was walking away when he called out: “Thank you so much. I di”d n Y’o u t e k v n e o n w,9him to say anything. He didn ’t have to say a word to m I e t.was simply enough to know that I had helped someone else whoneeded a little 10 .That ’s all it took to bring a smile to my face as I went on toward completing my ownbusiness. You know, it doesn ’t take much to help someone else.1.A.hospital B.school C.gym pany2.A.walked B.ran C.rode D.drove3.A.search B.plan C.travel D.design4.A.tired B.worried C.relaxed D.bored5.A.tools B.keys C.coins D.cards6.A.probably B.suddenly C.finally D.really7.A.help B.understand C.follow D.join8.A.pushed B.made C.pulled D.sent9.A.mean B.expect C.make D.save10.A.courage B.patience C.hand D.guideCloze 3The town of Pressure and the town of Pleasure were neighbors but they had nothing in common.Residents( 居民)built walls to 1 influence from the other town.In Pressure,everyone wanted to be the very best.When women gave birth,they would compete to have thebaby with the loudest cry.There was violent competition in every aspect( 方面)of life.Because 2 was thesymbol(象征)of success.People were always busy making money,with no time for relaxation.Some young peoplecouldn ’t bear the intensity紧( 张)and chose to drink to escape(逃避).In Pleasure,the motto(格言)was: “oIfnly you like it,do it. ”People grew up without pressure and could do anything they liked.Children played computer games day and night.At school,teachers didn students ’t care 3came or not.Workers might sit around the office all day long drinking coffee and doing 4 .Thanks to thelack(缺乏)of regulations( 规章制度),nobody worried about losing their jobs.It was pleasure that mattered.Thecomputers they used were old ones from the town of Pressure.Some of the young were addicted( 上瘾)to drugs( 药物)5 the emptiness(空虚)of their lives.Then,peoplein the two towns began asking themselves, “Wha?t ”i s lifBeu6t,just before life in the two towns completely7 ,there came a great person—Mr Reason.He went from door to door,talking with people and 8advice.People in Pressure learnt to be satisfied with what they had 9 people in Pleasure began to makeplans.They 10 the walls between them and built a road to connect the two.1.A.pick out B.put out C.keep out D.leave out2.A.wealth B.health C.happiness D.pleasure3.A.what B.who C.where D.whether4.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everythingpared to B.thanks to C.because of D.as a result6.A.at B.for C.in D.to7.A.gave B.failed C.lost D.saved8.A.following B.taking C.seeking D.giving9.A.when B.as C.while D.since10.A.pulled off B.pulled down C.pulled out D.pulled upCloze 4Once there was a lovely vegetable field with a very big tree in it.Both of the vegetables and the tree made thegarden look wonderful.One day,the vegetables and the tree couldn ’t get on w.e T l h l e w i v t h e g1e t a b l e s disliked the tree becausethey thought the tree didn ’t leave them enoubgyhc2overing them with its thick leaves while the treethought that the vegetables drank nearly all the water before it could reach him.The situation became worse and worse.One day the vegetables decided to 3 all the water in the groundso that the tree would dry up.The tree fought back by refusing to offer the vegetables shade( 树荫).Soon they bothbegan to dry up under the hot sun.Neither of them expected that the gardener would stop 4 his vegetable field because he thought it was 5.to save the vegetables.When the gardener did that,the tree and the vegetables really felt how 6 they were.There seemed to be no way to solve the problem.Then a small pumpkin decided to do something to change the situation.The small pumpkin did all he could to grow 7 there was little water and it was too hot.Finally,the gardener 8 the growing pumpkin among the dying vegetables.9 ,he started to water the field again because he still wanted to make a(n) 10 to win the beautiful pumpkin.At the same time,the tree and the vegetables were saved.Since then,they realized that it was better to help each other than to fight,and they lived in harmony with other plants.1.A.other plants B.the gardener C.each other D.the pumpkin2.A.light B.water C.air D.wind3.A.look up e up C.pick up D.put up4.A.picking B.growing C.planting D.watering5.A.hopeless B.important C.hopeful D.necessary6.A.angry B.hungry C.thirsty fortable7.A.so B.though C.but D.and8.A.watched B.knew C.harvested D.noticed9.A.Therefore B.However C.Besides D.Also10.A.decision B.idea C.effort D.chanceCloze 5SAN FRANCISCO CELEBRATIONSSome of San Francisco ’s many celebrations,like the Fourth of July(IndependDenacye),are very American;but others 1 that San Francisco is a very international city.Over 100,000 people celebrate the Chinese New Year in January or February.There are lion dances, fireworks,and a huge parade 2 the Financial District( 地区)and Chinatown.It is the most important festival of the Chinese year,and the largest 3 event in North America.Tourists 4 try to see the Cherry Blossom Festival( 樱花节)at the Japan Center in April.This is a celebration of traditional Japanese culture with musicians,dancers,and artists,and a colourful 5 .In early May,there is a Mexican festival called Cinco de Mayo,with a carnival( 狂欢节)and lots of special events.And Carnaval San Francisco —a popular Latin American and Caribbean festival with salsa and reggae bands—6 on the last weekend in May.On the Fourth of July,there are celebrations and parties all over the city,and everyone enjoys 7 the amazing fireworks over San Francisco Bay.On the night of 8 ,thousands of people in costumes come to Market Street and Castro Street for a huge Halloween party.Many people think this is the most exciting night of the year.9 at Christmas time,there is a huge Christmas tree in Union Square,and the stores in the square have a competition for the 10 store window.1.A.mean B.show C.mark D.prove2.A.over B.across C.through D.past3.A.American B.African C.European n4.A.should B.shouldn ’t C.have to D.mustn ’t5.A.dance B.travel C.walk D.parade6.A.goes B.celebrates C.happens D.holds7.A.smelling B.watching C.praising D.reviewing8.A.March B.August C.October D.December9.A.Finally B.Generally C.Certainly D.Properly10.A.more B.most C.better D.best(1) BADAC BCBDC(2) ADABC DACBC(3) CADAC BBDCB(4) CABDA CBDAC(5) BCDAD CBCAD。
(整理版高中英语)完型填空(Cloze)
完型填空(Cloze)[全真试题]〔一〕Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. They sleep better and wake up feeling more __1__, in part due to increased amountsof deep sleep. Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring(恢复) itself __2__ ,as opposed to REM (rapid eye movement) or dreaming sleep. Researchers have foundthat physical exercise, especially __3__ in the afternoon or early evening, produces more __4__ early in the night.__5__ can also help you get a better night’s sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness __6__ by exercise can improve sleep.Exercise encourages weight loss and also may __7__ depression. Exercising laterin the day can also help delay the __8__ drop in your body’s temperature. The __9__of exercise are especially important for older people, __10__ exercise has been shownto increase the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the timeit takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before bedtime－working out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily. 011. A. conscious B. peaceful C. effective D. refreshed2. A. physically B. mentally C. emotionally D. regularly3. A. made B. done C. functioned D. conducted4. A. night’s sleep B. dreaming sleep C. deep sleepD. REM5. A. Exercise B. Dreams C. researchers D.Doctors6. A. recovered B. strengthened C. caused D.reduced7. A. increase B. relieve C. releaseD. arouse8. A. nighttime B. daytime C. dinnertime D.lifetime9. A. disadvantages B. benefits C. ways D.plays10.A. yet B. if C. when D.since〔二〕Several factors make a good newspaper story. First, obviously, it must be new.But since YV can react to events so quickly, this is often a problem for __1__. They usually respond to it in one of the three ways.●By providing __2__ derails, comment or background information.●By finding a new __3__ on the day’s major stories.●By printing completely different stories which TV doesn’t broadcast.What else? Well, it also has to be __4__. People don’t want to read about ordinary, everyday life. Because of this, many stories __5__ some kind of conflict or danger. This is one reason why so much news seems to be __6__ news. “Plane lands safely, no more hurt〞 doesn’t sell newspaper. “Plane __7__, 200 feared dead!〞does.Next, there’s human interest. People are interested in other __8__－particularly in the rich, famous and powerful. Stories about the private lives of pop singers, actors, models, politicians, __9__, all appear regularly in certain newspapers.Finally, for many editors, __10__ is an important factor, too. They prefer stories about people, places and events which their readers know. That’s why the stories in Tokyo’s newspapers are often very different from the stories presented in Paris, Cairo, New York or Buenos Aires. 021. A. newspapers B. publications C. reporters D. broadcasters2. A. extra B. available C. inaccessible D. memorable3. A. direction B. look C. angle D. section4. A. tragic B. dramatic C. professional D. sensitive5. A. quote B. neglect C. increase D. involve6. A. good B. had C. exciting D. informative7. A. crashes B. bumps C. strikes D. drops8. A. places B. people C. things D. news9. A. in addition B. in any case C. for example D. after all10.A. personality B. similarity C. uniqueness D. familiarity〔三〕Farmers, as we all know, have been having a hard time of it lately, and have turned to new ways of earning income from their land. This involves not only planting new kinds of crops, but some __1__ ways of making money, the most unusual of which has got to be sheep racing. Yes, you heard me __2__! A farmer now holds sheep races on a regular basis, and during the past year over 100 000 people have __3__ to watch the race. “I was passing the farm on my way to the sea for a holiday,〞 one punter (赛马经纪人) told me, “and I thought I’d have a look. I didn’t believe it was serious, to tell you the truth.〞 According to a regular visitor, betting on sheep is more interesting than betting on horses. “At proper horse races everyone has already studied the form of the horse __4__, and there are clear favourites. __5__ nobody has heard anything about these __6__! Most people find it difficult to tell one from another in any case.〞 I stayed to watch the races, and I must admit that I found it quite __7__. In a usual sheep race, half a dozen sheep race down hill over a course of about half a mile. Food is waiting for them at the other end of the __8__ just to give them some encouragement, I ought to add! The sheep run surprisingly fast. __9__ they have probably not eaten for a while. Anyway, the crowd around me were obviously enjoying their day out at the races, __10__ by their happy faces and the sense of excitement. 031. A. common B. strange C. swift D. illegal2. A. honestly B. surprisingly C. completely D. correctly3. A. looked forward B. brought up C. turned up D. showed off4. A. behind time B. in progress C. in advance D. in time5. A. But B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise6. A. horses B. sheep C. races D. stories7. A. exciting B. dangerous C. boring D. peculiar8. A. race B. hill C. track D. field9. A. If B. So C. Yet D. Although10.A. observing B. judging C. considering D. inferring〔四〕The birthrate is Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, __1__ cash encouragement, some women just don’t want to be __2__ holding the baby. “What we know is that it’s good for the __3__ if men and women share the burden of having children,〞 says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. __4__ Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a(n) __5__ day off work.Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers __6__ to give young women the permanent jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假). In January, Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months’ paid leave, with a warming: use it or __7__ it.Kindlund admits that men are under __8__ to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “It’s not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,〞he says. “But it’s good for the father and for the child if they can __9__ a relationship.〞In Norway, a (n) __10__ policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe. 041. A. is spite of B. at the cost of C. in addition to D.due to2. A. sent B. left C. caught D. seen3. A. birthrate B. income C. health D. spirit4. A. Just as B. Only if C. Even though D. Nowthat5. A. one B. mere C. only D.single6. A. willing B. reluctant C. likely D.unable7. A. reserve B. misuse C. ignore D. lose8. A. discussion B. attack C. control D. pressure9. A. make out B. add up C. build up D. setaside10.A. impersonal B. similar C. severe D.global〔五〕Are your table m anners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, __1__ you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. You take special pains when you are eating __2__. Have you ever stopped to realize how much less self-conscious you would be on such occasions if __3__ table manners had become a habit for you? You can make them a habit by __4__ good table manners at home.Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel __5__. This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good __6__ make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.By this time you probably know quite well what good table manners are. You __7__ that keeping your arms on the table, talking with your __8__ full, and wolfing down your food are not considered good manners. You know also that if you are mannerly, you say “Please〞and “Thank you〞 and ask for things to be passed to you.Have you ever thought of a pleasant attitude as being __9__ to good table manners? Not only are pleasant mealtimes enjoyable, but they aid digestion. The dinner table is a __10__ for enjoyable conversation. It should never become a battleground. You are definitely growing in social maturity (成熟) when you try to be an agreeable table companion. 051. A. because B. but C. unless D. though2. A. in public B. at home C. at ease D.in a hurry3. A. such B. no C. some D. good4. A. acting B. enjoying C. practicing D.watching5. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D.outstanding6. A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends7. A. mention B. prefer C. doubt D. realize8. A. stomach B. hands C. mouth D. bowl9. A. essential B. considerate C. obvious D. unusual10.A. time B. place C. chance D. way[稳固与提高]〔一〕Have you ever listened to young children talking in the playground? There are always boasting. They say things like, “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s〞and “My mom is smarter than yours.〞 They __1__ like to boast about their families.There were three little boys, Harry, Td and Gavin, who were always __2__. Gavin was the worst. Everything about his family was always __3__ or the biggest or themost expensive. __4__ other others said, he could always go one better.One day when they were walking to __5__ Harry said, “My father has a bath twice a week.〞 Ted spoke next. “That’s __6__,〞 he said. “Having a bath twice a week is __7__. My father has a bath every day, sometimes twice a day.〞Ted looked at Gavin. Now it was his __8__. But what could he say? “This time I’m going to win.〞 Ted thought.Gavin didn’t know what to say. He couldn’t say that his father had a bath three times a day. That was __9__. He walked on his silence. Ted smiled at Harry, and Harry smiled back. They were sure that for once they had __10__ Gavin. They reached the school gates. Still Gavin said nothing.“We’ve won,〞 Ted said to Harry, but he spoke too soon. Gavin said, “My Dad’s do clean that he doesn’t have to bathe at all.〞1. A. particularly B. probably C. seldom D. never2. A. fighting B. boasting C. arguing D. playing3. A. fascinating B. interesting C. graceful D. the best4. A. However B. What C. Whatever D. Like5. A. the playground B. their homes C. bathroom D. school6. A. nice B. funny C. easy D. nothing7. A. dirty B. comfortable C. enough D. adequate8. A. turn B. father C. family D. speech9. A. sufficient B. unique C. silly D. the case10.A. stricken B. beaten C. hit D. won〔二〕As Christmas is coming, there are presents to be bought, cards to be sent, and rooms to be cleaned. Parents are __1__ with difficult jobs of hiding presents from curious young children. If the gifts are large, this is sometimes a real problem. On Christmas Eve, young children find the excitement almost unbearable. They are torn between the wish to go to bed early so that Father Christmas will bring their presents quickly and the wish to __2__ up late so that they will not miss the fun. The wish for gifts usually proves stronger. But though children go to bed early, they often lie __3__ for a long time, hoping to get a short look at Father Christmas.Last Christmas, my wife and I __4__ hid a few large presents in the storeroom.I fear the moment when my son, Jimmy, would ask me where that new bike had come from, but __5__ he did not see it.On Christmas Eve, __6__ took the children hours to go to sleep. It must have been nearly midnight when my wife and I went quietly into their room and began __7__ stockings. Then I pushed in the bike I bought for Jimmy and left it beside the Christmas tree. We knew we would not get much sleep that night, for the children were sure to get up early. At about five o’clock the next morning, we were __8__ by loud sounds coming from the children’s room—they were shouting excitedly! __9__ I had time to get out of bed, young Jimmy came riding into the room on his new bike, and his sister, Mary, followed closed behind pushing her new baby carriage. Even the baby arrived. He moved on the hands and knees into the room dragging a largeballoon behind him. Suddenly it burst. That woke us up __10__. The day had really begun with a band〔巨响〕！1. A. faced B. met C. filled D. pleased2. A. get B. stay C. stand D. wake3. A. awake B. wake C. asleep D. sleep4. A. hopefully B. busily C. gladly D. successfully5. A. sadly B. unluckily C. possible D. fortunately6. A. it B. they C. I D. we7. A. filling B. sewing C. mending D. preparing8. A. troubled B. frightened C. woken D. shocked9. A. Before B. After C. Until D. Since10.A. all B. nearly C. happily D. completely〔三〕Some people think they have an answer to the problems of automobiles crowding and pollution in large cities. Their answer is the bicycle.In a great __1__ cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to work every day. In New York, some bike riders have even __2__ a group called Bike for a Better City, they __3__ that if more people rode bikes to work, there would be fewer cars in the downtown and therefore less dirty air from car engines.For several years this group has been trying to __4__ the city government to help bike riders. For example, they want the city to paint special lanes-for bicycles __5__-on some of the main streets, because when bicycle riders must use the same lanes as cars, there may be __6__. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bicycles.But no bike lanes have been painted yet. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea. Taxi drivers don’t like the idea-they say it will __7__ traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don’t like this idea-they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike.They city government hasn’t yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park is closed to cars and the roads may be used by bikes only. But Bike for a Better City says that this is not __8__ and __9__ fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown. If that happens, the safest place to bike may be in the __10__.1. A. number B. many C. lot D. few2. A. formed B. set C. built D. met3. A. claim B. tell C. announce D. complain4. A. let B. get C. have D. find5. A. riders B. use C. only D. riding6. A. policemen B. quarrel C. accidents D. possibility7. A. control B. regulate C. stop D. slow8. A. interesting B. enough C. satisfied D. well9. A. insists B. sticks C. keeps D. determines10.A. downtown B. park C. street D. space〔四〕There are many similarities between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. However, the fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor __1__ mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage; for there are very important differences __2__ the teacher’s work and the actor’s work. The actor has to speak words which he has learned __3__; he has to repeat exactly the same work each time he plays a certain part; __4__his movements and the way he uses his voice are usually fixed __5__. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learned words and actions seem natural on the stage.The good teacher works in __6__ different way. His audience takes an active part in his play, they ask and answer question, they __7__ orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act __8__ the need of his audience which is his class.I have known many teachers who were fine actors in __9__ but were unable to playa part in a stage-play because their brains would not keep discipline; they could not keep strictly to __10__.1. A. not B. don’t C. doesn’t D. do2. A. among B. with C. from D. between3. A. by mind B. by the mind C. by heart D. by the heart4. A. but B. if C. although D. even5. A. ago B. before C. later D. long6. A. very the B. very a C. quite a D. quite the7. A. listen B. hear C. keep D. obey8. A. for B. with C. to D. of9. A. class B. stage C. life D. action10.A. what another has written B. what another had writtenC. that another has writtenD. which another had written〔五〕When you go shopping, you may not be aware of all the thought and planning which has been put into the design of products. The only aim of all this thought and planning is to make us __1__ as much of our money as possible.Packaging is a very important area in product __2__. Some companies even hire psychologists to make __3__ or do experiments on packaging. In one __4__ experiment, some psychologists wanted to find the best __5__ for a new soap powder. They decided to test the colours blue and yellow. Three different boxes were designed. Some boxes were blue, some were yellow and some were a __6__ of blue and yellow. The same powder was out in all three boxes, a group of women was given the new soap powder in order to __7__ it.The results were very interesting. The powder in the yellow packet was said to be much too __8__. However, the women thought that the powder in the blue box was much too weak. They felt the powder in the __9__ box to be the best powder. Sowe had better remember never to judge goods by their packaging! We must not allow ourselves to be __10__ into spending more money than we can afford.1. A. earn B. save C. spend D. gain2. A. assembling B. sell C. manufacture D. design3. A. suggestions B. examples C. models D. efforts4. A. new B. famous C. physical D. complicated5. A. shape B. colour C. material D. box6. A. separation B. collection C. result D. mix7. A. buy B. promote C. try D. use8. A. powerful B. expensive C. tiny D. cheap9. A. bright B. big C. traditional D. brand new10.A. cheated B. tricked C. persuaded D. dropped〔六〕For many years, doctors have been studying the way the brain __1__. We all know that the brain has two sides, the left and right. That right side controls the __2__ and the left side controls our logical thinking. We call the left side the “education〞 side of the brain __3__ generally, in western countries, people have __4__ this side of the brain more than the right side.Scientists __5__ that our brain will work much more efficiently if both the right and the left side are developed __6__. In many schools today, teachers try to educate children in such a way that both sides of the brain are __7__. This can be done with logical subjects __8__ maths and science as well as with creative subjects such as art. Albert Einstein, the great scientist, did some of his best work when he was very old. He was interested not only in his work, but also in creative and imaginative __9__. It was because of his many different interests in life that he was able to __10__ the full development of both sides of his brain.1. A. works B. thinks C. improves D. develops2. A. smell B. taste C. sight D. senses3. A. but B. and C. until D. if4. A. studied B. improved C. developed D. liked5. A. believe B. doubt C. understand D. hope6. A. equally B. specially C. immediately D. really7. A. worked B. used C. taught D. thought8. A. including B. besides C. except D. contained9. A. efforts B. plans C. activities D. ideas10.A. follow B. reach C. watch D. prevent〔七〕There are two kinds of reporter－general and specialist. General reporters cover a wide range of new stories, including accidents, conference, crimes, festivals, local politics, strikes and weddings.Most journalists are __1__ reporters. But some prefer to focus on one subject and only write about that. __2__, the arts, finance, foreign affairs, the law, orBut whether a journalist is “general〞 or “specialist〞, the basic __3__ of reporting is the same.1.Researching the storyWho? What? Where? Why? When? How? That’s what a reporter has to __4__ first, and that’s why research is so important. Journalists spend a lot of time __5__ files, visiting libraries, checking facts, making telephone calls. Sometimes they do this __6__, sometimes as part of a team. It’s very boring, but it’s necessary.2.Building the storyAfter the research stage it’s time to make visits (most journalists travel a lot) and interview the people __7__ in the story. In some case this only takes a few hours, but it can take weeks or even months. It __8__ the size of the story.3.Writing the storyJournalism always has to complete stories by a specific time __9__ “deadline〞. This means that they need to write very __10__. Each story also has to be a specific length.1. A. entertainment B. special C. general D. vigorous2. A. Besides B. That is C. No doubt D. For examples3. A. knowledge B. process C. description D. technique4. A. determine B. write C. find out D. pick up5. A. reading B. correcting C. copying D. editing6. A. together B. alone C. lonely D. quietly7. A. involved B. included C. happened D. interested8. A. depends on B. results in C. relies in D. changes9. A. or B. and C. by D. without10.A. vividly B. carefully C. accurately D. quickly〔八〕The first film-show was in Paris on December 28, 1895. it lasted 20 minutes and the audience paid one franc per person. Just 20 years later, the cinema had become an industry. Its __1__ was Hollywood. For the next thirty years, millions of people all over the world went to the movies every week. Then, after World War Two, __2__ began to change. First, television became popular. __3__ video appeared. Today, most people only go to the movies two or three times a year. But the cinema isn’t dying －it’s __4__. The audience for new films is changing, too. Now, most movie fans are under 20. That’s why there are so many films for the __5__ market.The idea of teen movies began in the 50s. That’s __6__ James Dean had enormous success with “Rebel Without A Cause〞 and “East Of Eden〞. Ten years later, __7__ began to appear in films. The Beatles made several in 60s. Everyone’s favorite spy, James Bond, also began his __8__ career in the 60s.Then in the 70s, two different kinds of movie became popular with young audiences －horror films and martial film (功夫片). __9__, violence or “action〞 as it’s more commonly __10__, has played an important part in many teen movies. But teenagers don’t just want to watch violence. Comedies are popular with young audiences as1. A. capital B. factory C. product base D. cinema center2. A. taste B. that C. movie D. everything3. A. Then B. Second C. Later D. Finally4. A. disappearing B. changing C. reducing D. increasing5. A. adult B. children C. teenage D. elder6. A. what B. why C. how D. when7. A. pop star B. movie stars C. sports stars D. TV stars8. A. business B. screen C. detective D. political9. A. Before that B. Long after C. Ever since D. Never before10.A. declared B. named C. used D. called〔九〕The wonders of Virtual Reality (VR) (虚拟现实) can now take you back into a world that no person has ever seen. In this amazing new VR game, you will go back __1__ 100 million years, and live among the dinosaurs (恐龙).You will __2__ dinosaurs eat, sleep and fight. You will admire the great __3__ of the strange flowers and huge trees.You will __4__ a huge, friendly dinosaur with your hands. You will glide- through the __5__ on the back of a flying dinosaur and look down on the land and seas far __6__ you.You will watch a terrifying struggle, as two of the world’s most __7__ and dangerous dinosaurs fight each other right in front of you. You will __8__ down into the deep seas, and discover mysterious dinosaurs __9__.Remember that, as in all VR games, you will enjoy all these experiences in complete __10__. This is an excellent, exciting and educational game which brings the world of the dinosaurs to life as never before.1. A. at age B. in time C. for D. to2. A. see B. watch C. stare D. glance at3. A. beauty B. smell C. bloom D. figure4. A. feed B. train C. catch D. rescue5. A. land B. water C. air D. sea6. A. under B. above C. below D. behind7. A. fierce B. tame C. talented D. naughty8. A. jump B. drop C. fall D. dive9. A. in the past B. on the ground C. under the water D. in the forest10.A. loneliness B. danger C. happiness D. safety〔十〕Since 1980 there have been four major developments in TV. The first is video, which has given __1__ the power to control what they watch and when they watch it. These days, fifty percent of homes have a VCR (video-cassette recorder) and millions more are being sold every year. The second is satellite TV. Thanks to DBS (__2__), dozens of new channels are now __3__ to anyone who buys a receiving “dish〞.The third development is cable－a system of hi-tech __4__, which provides even more channels. But not only that, cable also makes __5__ possible for you to communicate through your TV.Fourthly, there’s HDTV (high definition television), which now offers a much __6__ and more realistic picture than was possible even a few years ago.So more channels, more choice, more clarity(清晰). What is there left for __7__ to achieve in the future? The answer to that is two-way __8__. Modern technology means that 21st century televisions will be linked to computer data-banks. This way. Views will be able to ask questions about what they’re watching and the answers will appear on their __9__. This idea is called “hyper-media〞 and it’s still at an early __10__. But then, as we’ve just seen, TV had come a very long way in a very short time. The hyper0media revolution could happen sooner than any many people think.1. A. listeners B. players C. viewers D. engineers2. A. direct business system B. direct broadcast satellitesC. digital broadcast soundD. data bank system3. A. available B. access C. linked D. sent4. A. televisions B. lines C. strings D. wires5. A. it B. them C. this D. that6. A. cheaper B. clearer C. colourful D. delight7. A. TV B. invention C. viewers D. video8. A. communication B. traffic C. dialogue D. operation9. A. books B. minds C. screens D. computers10.A. age B. time C. process D. stage〔十一〕There are many kinds of entertainment for children today－books, movies, games and sports are only a few of possibilities. Television is one of the most influential kinds of __1__. Studies show that elementary school children in the United States watch television about twenty-five hours a week.Some people feel that television has had __2__ influence on children because it offers educational programs for them. One of the best and most __3__ programs is Sesame Street (芝麻街). One study __4__ that Sesame Street helps children do better in school. Many people hope that programs like this will provide a better education for children prom poor communities and schools.Other people feel that television is bad for children. They feel that there are too many programs about __5__ and violence, and that even educational programs don’t help a child’s education. Children __6__ watch too much television, and therefore they don’t do a lot of other things that are important to them. Preschool children need to __7__ their language and communicate with people. When they are watching television they are only listening to the __8__, they aren’t communicating with anyone. When elementary school children watch television, they read a lot less. __9__ this, they don’t learn to read and write as quickly at school.All children learn by doing, and they need time to __10__ in order to learn about。
高考英语习题(完型填空)
完型填空
完型填空(cloze) :做题七种武器①无关词排除②逻辑关系③同现④浮现⑤关联⑥时间线索⑦总分结构对照分析逻辑关系举例Close Test 4Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories of America, s eeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time. 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This “45 ” work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.41. [A] swarm [B] stride [C] separate [D] slip42. [A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since43. [A] from [B] in [C] on [D] by44. [A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that45. [A] durable [B] disposable [C] available [D] transferable46. [A] approach [B] flow [C] fashion [D] trend47. [A] instantly [B] reversely [C] fundamentally [D] sufficiently48. [A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas49. [A] imposed [B] restricted [C] illustrated [D] confined50. [A] excitement [B] conviction [C] enthusiasm [D] importance同现举例Cloze Test 5Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population.45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.The view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actuallyimproved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. [A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted42. [A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal43. [A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate44. [A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely47. [A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover48. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for49. [A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated50. [A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked同现举例Cloze Test 3Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A research has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.41. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any42. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred43. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful44. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded45. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose46. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction47. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with48. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on49. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce50. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if onlyCloze Test 5关联举例Cloze Test 6Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certainaspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46 rules or regulation. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safe 48 . The fewer the injury 49 , the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.41. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with42. [A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse43. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless45. [A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish46. [A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying47. [A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still48. [A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up49. [A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations[D] proclamations50. [A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D] a profit时间线索举例Cloze Test 5总分总结构举例Cloze Test 3Cloze Test 5Close Test 4 ACDAB DCBADCloze Test 5 ABDAD DABCDCloze Test 3 BCCBD CADABCloze Test 6 DABAB CDCAD。
完形填空 cloze
在胜利
成绩好
上名校
常识型 • He looks for anything unusual such as strange cars, loud noises, _ windows , or people gathering on street corners. • A curtained B.open C.old D.broken
在胜利
成绩好
上名校
41—45 CADBD 46—50 CDADB 51—55 ACBAC 56—60 BDACB
在胜利
成绩好
上名校
在胜利
成绩好
上名校
上下文 Finally he got up and went into the _ . When he came out , he paid his bill and left without anther glance in my direction. A.Restaurant B. washroom C.office D. kitchen
57. A. headed for B. travelled C. left for D. returned to 58. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late 59. A. secretly B. tiredly .C. immediately D. anxiously 60. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept
在胜利 成绩好 上名校
• 46. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked • 47. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble • 48. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by chance D. by luck • 49. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible • 50. A. height B. weight C. strength .D. equipment
英语完形填空命题原则和解题技巧
英语完形填空命题原则和解题技巧完形填空，完型填空Cloze一简单说，由型到形的变化是由单纯“型”的变化到抽象的“形”的检测。
cloze一般来说应用Cloze test更加妥当～填空测验。
既然此种测试形式由语篇作为载体进行选词回填，那么其测试本源在于检测对篇章文本的阅读理解能力，既然从语篇考虑，那么取空处就应该是能够考查读者阅读语篇能力的词汇，所以需要通过语篇信息线索来对空白处进行限制以完成对思维能力的考查和判定。
因此，1、固定短语搭配的情况正常来说不应该出现。
2、文中没有提示线索的应该回避。
3、同近义词只有非常细微区别的一组词汇尽量回避。
4、非常用词汇尽量回避，因为CT正常来说并非考查空白处词汇的复杂性。
5、取空处以实词为主。
二关于完形填空文本，首先，完形填空的文本选择整体上应该是宽泛的，因为完形填空题型有多种，除了取空选择题，还有其他题型，以二十空取空选择题为例，因为文本要以信息限制为核心，以取空阅读测试能力为基础，所以信息含量一定要丰富，依据未知的测定理论目前大致有取空的一个原则，也就是间距为多少词，我觉得这是一个不绝对的概念，一定以文本和测试目标需求为基准。
第二，关于文本体裁，原则上各种体裁都可以，但是因为完形填空取词特点和特殊阅读理解考查方向的限制，二语常见的所谓“应用文，诗歌等”体裁不适合完形填空试题的命制，其他常见的文章，包括：记叙文，人物传记，夹叙夹议文，各类说明文，论说文等等都可以取材。
大学段逐渐淘汰完形填空测试题，鲜有专家对此作出测试学意义上的分析，或者仅仅是题型调整而已，或者因为对于完形填空大学四六级测试的定位不是很清晰，也或者此题型的命题和评价效果遭遇尴尬……。
高考当中此题型目前还在沿用，但文本以记叙文为主，目的是为了迎合命题方向吧。
近几年的完形填空高考题大多选择了记叙文体裁，原来偶然出现的说明文和论说文基本淡出了。
原因大约因为记叙文的时间地点人物事件等要素会使得文章整体信息含量比较多，取词后文章从篇章信息角度看会有诸多阅读提示和限制，符合对完形填空测试的命题目标要求，整体上题目的命制会比较稳妥，不容易出现“偏差”，而事实上仅仅依靠一篇记叙文是不能够检测出取空选择回填的阅读理解能力的，而且无形中在导向上形成一种定势，那就是完形填空是记叙文体裁，其他体裁不需要关注太多，在以考试为重要导向的环境中，必然形成了引导式的完形填空题的真正评价反拨作用的缺失。
cloze test 1-7完型填空解析
Cloze test 167.【解析】B aware: having knowledge or realization (of, that)知道的，意识到的。
68.【解析】Caround: about 大约。
69.【解析】Aheat: make or become hot 使热，供热。
70.【解析】Dbetween, placing material between the inside and the outside of the walls ofthe house 在房子墙内和墙外之间放置材料。
71.【解析】B keep out: stay outside, not enter 不让入内;keep away 远离;keep from 防止;keepoff: stay at a distance, not come near 远离72.【解析】C roof 屋顶73.【解析】Dequipment 装置74.【解析】Abefore: in the past 过去75. 【解析】Cbut 一词，表示对等的用法。
76.【解析】Bhousehold: 家用的，前面谈到 a saving ... in industry, 显然这里应选B为正确答案。
77.【解析】Cdevelop: bring out economic possibilities (esp. land or natural substances)开发，利用(尤指土地，自然物质)78.【解析】Aavailable: able to be got, obtained, used, etc. 可获得的79.【解析】Cwhen 关系副词，引导定语从句，当……时候80.【解析】Aextremely: very 非常81.【解析】Cinside 指内部82.【解析】Cwith 表示伴随，这句话的意思为在世界的一些地方，每深入一千米，地球的温度就上升30 ℃。
完型填空练习及答案Cloze
Cloze (1)Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as 1 and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.Farmers can also call 2 the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of 3 trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport ; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and 4 strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is 5 , so most hunters are wealthy.It is 6 that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people 7 fox hunting, because they think it is brutal ( 残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is 8 for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation ( 冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents9 violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the 10 of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow.1. A. disturbing B. harmful C. unbearable D. unnecessary2. A. for B. in C. on D. up3. A. especially B. specially C. particularly D. distinctly4. A. follow B. conduct C. obey D. act5. A. difficult B. expensive C. great D. important6. A. reported B. said C. claimed D. estimated7. A. supporting B. enjoying C. opposing to D. appreciating8. A. normal B. rare C. little D. uncommon9. A. lead to B. result from C. create D. raise10. A. spread B. appearance C. direction D. trail（2）We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from 1 culture eat are disgusting or 2 . When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group became quite 3 when he saw someone pick up a butterfly and eat it. Many people 4 find it disgusting to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as 5 food.Some people in Africa think African termites() 6 a delicious meal. Many other peoplewould probably be sick if they had to eat termites, 7 one hundred grams of termites contain more than twice as 8 calories and almost twice as much protein as one hundred grams of ____9 hamburger. 10 , food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.1. A. other B. some C. another D. any other2. A. nice B. delicious C, nutritious D. nauseating3. A. sick B. hungry C. full D. nice4. A. may B. must C. can D. would5. A. fit B. terrible C. appropriate D. bad6. A. become B. make C. keep D. bring7. A. and B. as C. for D. but8. A. many B. much C. few D. little9. A. cooking B. cooked C. cook D. having cooked10. A. In fact B. Actually C. Honestly D. However(3)Long after the 1988 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher 1 an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour,divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in 2Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a 3match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then 4 the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. 5 , he found that errorswere more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, 6 , 17meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters.The researcher shows the optimum distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed, correct decisions 7 when the referees were moving ata .speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for 8 was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to 9 the standard of refereeing at the next WorldCup, it should encourage referees to keep their 10 on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep upwith the ball, the researcher argues.1. A. managed B. kept C. led D. organized2. A. shape B. charge C. order D. spot3. A. formal B. normal C. standard D. high4. A. watched B. enjoyed C. observed D. studied5. A. Unfortunately B. Surprisingly C. Excitingly D. Sadly6. A. at least B. on average C. at most D. at average7. A. grew B. existed C. raised D. came8. A. correction B. perfection C. errors D. greatness9. A. change B. improve C. adjust D. keep10. A. eyes B. attention C. minds D. carefulness(4) Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is favorable to learning . It is not uncommon for students to have easygoing and friendly relationships with their professors. The 1 professor isnot 2 a poor one and is still respected by students. Although students may be in a 3 position, some professors treat them as 4 . However, no matter how friendly professors would like to be, they still are in aposition of 5_____Professors may 6 social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but _in the classroomthey keep the instructor's role. A professor may have coffee one day with students but the next day 7 them tomeet a deadline for submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. The professor may give 8 attention outside of class to a student in 9 of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when itcomes to evaluating school work. Professors have several roles10 students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must realize that when ateacher's role changes, they must properly change their behavior and attitudes.1. A. professional B. casual C. temporary D. long-lasting2. A, probably B. likely C. possibly D. necessarily3. A. subordinate B. original C. inferior D. superior4. A. rivals B. equals C. competitors D. partners5. A. instructor B. height C. authority D. power6. A. establish B. connect C. communicate D. build up7. A. order B. hope C. suggest D. expect8. A. more B. extra C. spare D. much9. A. lack B. state C. demand D. need10. A. in relation to B. connecting with C. associating with D. with regard to(5)"Fingers were made before forks. " When a person gives up good manners, 1 knife and fork, and 2 into his food, someone is 3 to repeat that saying.The fork was an ancient agricultural tool, but for centuries no one 4 eating with it. 5 the eleventh century, when a young lady from Constantinpole brought her fork to Italy, did the custom reach Europe.By the fifteenth century the use of the fork was 6 in Italy. The English 7 was that Italians did not like to eat food touched with fingers, "seeing all men's fingers are not clean 8 " English travelers laughed at friends while 9 this ridiculous Italian custom.Anyone who used a fork to eat with was laughed at in England for the next hundred years. Men who used forks were thought to be 10 and women who used them were called show-offs and over-nice. Not until the late 1600's did using a fork become a common custom.1. A. sets with B. sets out C. puts away D. puts aside2. A. puts B. inserts C. dives D. thrusts3. A. constantly B. likely C. continuously D. usually4. A. thought of B. was allowed C. considered D. was willing to5. A. It was B. Until C. Not until D. It was in6. A. widespread B. general C. interested D. popular7. A. state B. comment C. explanation D. illustration8. A. that B. as C. alike D. this9. A. illustrating B. describing C. explaining D. talking to10. A. woman-liked B. womanlike C. woman-liking D. womenlike(6)How do superstitions begin? Today's most common superstitions 1 many generations. Take, for example, the superstition that it's bad luck to 2 a mirror. This superstition probably began in ancient times. Back then, people believed their 3 contained a part of their soul. So, when people broke a mirror, they also 4 their soul.Why 5 this bring seven years of bad luck? Well, Romans believed life renewed itself every seven years. So a broken soul would take seven years to 6Today most people don't know how or where superstitions 7 If you ask most Westerners why it's bad luck to break a mirror, they probably won't know. And they'll probably tell you that they don't really believe that the superstition is true. 8 many of them may still skeptically follow it.Other people follow superstitions without even thinking about it. For example, if I'm waiting for some good news, I may ask my friends to "cross their 9 " But I don't really believe that this will bring me any 10 luck.1. A. go back B. come back C. go through D. come through2. A. use B. break C. bring D. throw3. A. figures B. bodies C. shadows D. reflections4. A. wounded B. broke C. injured D. damaged5. A. should B. would C. could D. might6. A. heal B. mend C. overcome D. survive7. A. developed B. started C. originated D. discovered8. A. Though B. But C. And D. So9. A. arms B. legs C. feet D. fingers10. A. bad B. good C. additional D. special(7)The fitness industry has grown at an amazingly rapid rate in Western countries over the past twenty- five years, and shows no 1 of easing off. Improvements in living standards and 2 leisure time, together with an ever-increasing awareness of the importance of exercise in 3 physical and mental health, have all contributed to this growth. Just as 4 , people of all ages are becoming much more5 of their own bodies, and the desire to develop a6 and attractive shape has already____7 millions of people in Europe and the United States to alter their life styles, lose weight and exercise more regularly.Southeast Asia has clearly not 8 this phenomenon. In cities throughout the region, newspapers, magazines and television are filled with commercials 9 diet products and treatments10 you "miraculous weight loss", fitness equipment 'guaranteed' to make you look like a model,and "special deals" at fabulous ( 神化般地) gyms and fitness centres where "beautiful bodies" are created in minutes.1. A. sign B. signal C. mean D. scene2. A. qualification B. quantity C. quality D. quarantine3. A. increasing B. improving C. proceeding D. promoting4. A. easily B. interestingly C. importantly D. reasonably5. A. conscious B. conscientious C. informed D. intended6. A. slim B. thin C. lean D. fit7. A. affected B. pushed C. put D. led8. A. shaped B. escaped C. ran D. managed9. A. on B. with C. of D. for10. A. informing B. promising C. giving D. offering(8)Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. The " honor system" 1 that the student be honest in all areas of school work. 2 , cheating on tests, 3 others' ideas as original, and 4 homework done by someone else are all 5____Violation of the honor system can 6 a student's failing a course, have a record of the violation 7 in the student's school files, or even being 8 . from the university~ Students who cheat may lose the respect of other students, particularly those who study for exams and work 9 When leaving classroom while students are taking an exam an instructor may or may not say "I expect you all to obey the honor system. " 10 the words are not stated, the student is expected to work alone and not to share answers.1. A. commands B. declares C. announces D. demands2. A. Thus B. However C. In other words D. Because3. A. processing B. presenting C. proceeding D. pretending4. A. turning on B. turning to C. turning out D. turning in5. A. forbidden B. illegal C. permitted D. vanished6. A. result from B. result in C. result to D. result of7. A. stood B. contained C. included D. placed8. A. driven out B. driven away C. called out D. called away9. A. insistently B. informally C. independently D. indefinitely10. A. Because B. Even if C. In spite of D. But(9)Swapping music over the Internet is fun and easy. Better 1 , it's free, which means you don't have to pay for any 2 expensive music CDs. There's just one catch--it's also illegal!Several online file-sharing services make it easy for music lovers to swap their favorite____3 with one another. But this illegal sharing of music - a form of music piracy 4 toundermine the music industry. Industry experts estimate that US $ 4.3 billion in worldwide saleswas lost to music piracy last year.These lost profits could 5 record companies to stop producing the music of many popular artists. That would hurt both musicians and music fans ____6____Music executives are perplexed about how to fight music piracy. Their efforts to fight piracy using the law have had only 7 success.The music industry did win a legal victory 8 Napster, a famous music Web site. The courts ordered Napster to stop 9 ___ . copyrighted music from their site. 10 a number of other music- sharing networks have sprung up in its place.1. A. so B. and C. yet D. along2. A. less B. little C. much D. more3. A. tones B. tunes C. songs . melodies4. A. creates B. concerns C. worries D. threatens5. A. force B. ask C. make D. let6. A. likely B. alike C, of course D. though7. A. countable B. little C. limited D. common8. A. on B. to C. in D. against9. A. giving away B. giving up C. giving aside D. giving upon10. A. Further B. Therefore C, So. D. But(10)"A man's home is his castle, 1 the saying. In North America and northwestern Europe, people consider their homes as their private space. They enjoy company, 2 , but invitations are 3 , such as "come for dinner" or "come for coffee. " Hosts are not expected to entertain 4 their means. Guests, for their 5 , try not to inconvenience their hosts or 6 their welcome.Some people do enjoy surprise visits. But don't try it unless you know the people well and are sure it's OK.In Portugal and Brazil, it's altogether different. Portuguese and Brazilians are ready to 7 guests at a moment's 8 . They will always find room for more people at the table. When it comes to sharing a meal, the more the merrier. The host usually prepares more than enough food for everyone. If there isn't enough food, everyone 9 shares.It's easy to see how 10 can happen. A Brazilian might find western Europeans stingy(吝啬).And Americans can think Portuguese are generous hosts but pushy(进取心) guests.1. A. says B. tells C. goes D. comes2. A. of course B. though C. however D. for instance3. A. simple B. easy C. special D. specific4. A. beyond B. over C. on D. through5. A. way B. means C. part D. stay6. A. oversee B. overdo C. overstay D. over-react7. A. have B. meet C. visit D. serve8. A. mention B. notice C. meet D. invitation9. A. simply B. only C. easily D. just10. A. conflicts B. faults C. incidents D. misunderstandings(11)When a child begins school, learning to read is a primary goal. Once a person has learned to read,the 1 changes. Reading becomes a means of reaching other goals. Because individual interests and tastes 2 so much, no single goal can be prescribed for everyone; Some individuals read only for entertainment. Others read to 3 on current events through newspapers and magazines. Men and women in some professions read only what 4 to their work.5 the purpose of reading matches6 the purpose of good schooling. It prepares people for the society. More than that, it introduces them to the civilization7 they are a part. In a8 ,reading has the same goal as the highest achievements of human thought to seek answers to9 basic questions about the nature of the world, about human society, and about life. Reading with such questions 10 the mind and helps it grow.1. A. reason B. purpose C. idea D. thought2. A. differ B. are C. change D. vary3. A. keep up B. come up C. give up D. look up4. A. relates B. concludes C. connects D. includes5. A. In common B. For good C. To relate D. At best6. A. to B. with C. on D. through7. A. that B. what C. of which D. where8. A. sense B. mood C. way D. word9. A. many B. the most C. more D. a more10.A. exercises B. functions C. changes D. discovers(12)Chicago residents love their city almost with a passion. And why 1 they?There's a lot to love 2 this energetic city. Tall buildings and stylish storefronts 3 busy streets. A wonderful 4 of restaurants provides plenty of opportunities 5 eating out. The city boasts 29 miles (46.7 km) of lakeshore and sparkling water.What can you do in Chicago? 6 the sun while watching a baseball game at Wrigley Field. Listen to music under the stars. Day and night, you'll find more than enough to 7 you in Chicago.Begin enjoying the city in the Loop. Elevated train tracks 8 a "loop" around the heart of downtown, giving the area its 9 . In 1882, Chicago built the world's first skyscraper here. It 10 a towering 10 stories into the sky! While that building is long gone, many others have taken its place.1. A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not2. A. about B. to C. on D. of3. A. twist B. line C. stand D. set4. A. variety B. chain C. name D. fame5. A. to B. on C. of D. for6. A. Turn to B. Suck in C. Soak up D. get into7. A. enjoy B. recreate C. wonder D. entertain8. A. circle B. form C. like D. make9. A. fame B. city C. name D. call10. A. flew B. jumped C. raised D. rose(13)Advertisements often make us feel dissatisfied with what we already own. They. 1 a desire in us for the 2 products. We end up wasting a lot of time and money on things we don't really need.Is the bathroom cluttered(被弄糟) with all sorts of soaps, lotions and hair products? We may only need just one or two. 3 hi-tech products, some are 4 tools. But we spend a lot of time learning to use them.then, when a newer model comes along, we're 5 to buy it, too.Is the closet bulging? Today's 6 fashions can be terrible money wasters. Yesterday's fashions are terrible 7 wasters. We can eliminate both problems if we choose 8 that doesn't go quickly out of style.But we need new ways of thinking, too. First, it's important to tell the difference between needs and wants. When we shop, we should ask ourselves : "Do I need this?" If the 9 answer is no, ask :"Why do I want this? Is it because 10 else has one?" That's sometimes a very hard question!1.( ) A. make B. find C. create D. come to( )2. A. oldest B. newest C. greatest D. best( )3. A. Some B. In C. Since D. As for( )4. A. easy B. useful C. technical D. reasonable( )5. A. tempted B. excited C. destined D. frightened( )6. A. old B. new C. hot D. cold( )7. A. money B. space C. time D. resource( ) 8. A. clothes B. cloth C. clothing D. clothings( ) 9. A. true B. wrong C. cheerful D. honest( ) 10. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. each one(14)Every human being has unique fingerprints on his finger skin and the fingerprints are unchangeable.Scientists have discovered that no 1 similar pattern is passed 2 from parents to children, thoughnobody knows the reason.A person's fingerprints do not change with growth and are not 3 by burns, cuts and otherinjuries to the 4 part of the skin. It will be replaced 5 by a new one that has the 6 prints.It is only when the inner skin is injured that the prints will be 7 . Some criminals make use of this fact toget rid of their own fingerprints but this is a dangerous step to 8___Fingerprints can be made very easily with. printer's ink,, They can be recorded easily. With special methods, identification can be 9 successfully within a short time, So fingerprints have often been used as a method toprove who a person is 10 his appearance has been changed by age or accident.( )1. A,.same B. true C. exact D. easy( )2. A. to B. on C. over D. along( )3. A. impacted B. connected C. influenced D. affected( )4. A. outside B. outgoing C. outer D. out( )5, A. in time B. on time C. by time D. with time( )6. A. exact B. familiar C. likely D.same( )7.A.desttoyed B. hurt C. changed D damaged( )8 A. make B. take C. use D. do( )9.A. charge B. achieved C. directed D. told( )10.A. though B. in addition to C except D. even if(15) ,15Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than auniform ,whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms sopopular in the United States?Among the argument for uniform one of first is that in the eyes of most people they look more 1 thancivilian(老百姓) clothes: People have become conditioned to expect 2___ quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more 3 than one who appear incivilian clothes. Faith in the 4 of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What 5 way is there fora nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many 6 benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They aretax-deductible(可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments _ 7 _ uniform is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of 8 experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any 9type is general stuck with it, without Change, 10 retirement, when people look alike, they 11 tothink, speak, and act similarly, on the job 12Uniforms also give 13 to some practical problems, though they are 14 , often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also 15 to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.1. A. beautiful B. comfortable C. professional D. durable2. A. high B. superior C. uncommon D. perfect3. A. love B. welcome C. friendship D. trust4. A. ability B. skill C. capacity D. efficacy5. A. easier B. harder C. greater D. better6. A. unexpectable B. surprising C. unbelievable D. practical7. A. for B. to C. against D. with8. A. individuality B. feature C. speciality D. particularity9. A. special B. particular C. especial D. distinct10. A. when B. unless C. before D. until11.A. begin B. have C. tend D. need12. A. at least B. at best C. at length D. at most13. A. chance B. rise C. birth D. opportunity14. A. abnormal B. unusual C. extraordinary D. long-lasting15. A. hard B. inconvenient C. expensive D. difficult(16)College students fall into three categories: the grinds, the goof-offs; and the well-adjusted. The grinds are easily 1 They live at school, so they spend all their waking hours in 2 of an education. You know them: they answer every question, they do every assignment, and they 3 after class to discuss the lecture with the teacher. When not in class, they are in the library, and f not in the library, they are in the book-store buying a 4 book for extra-credit reading. The next group is the goof-offs. They are those in school to party heartedly. You won't see them in class or in the library-- they're too busy. shooting pool in the students union or drinking, in a bar. 5 the book-store, well, the goof-offs haven't found it yet because they haven't bought their books. Academic life is 6 to the goof-offs because it helps to keep' the balance. Between the grinds and the goof-offs are the well- adjusted'. They study and get passing 7 , but they know how to party, too. They might skip a party to work 8 finals, but they are known to party instead of studying for a test that only 9 for 25 percent. The well-adjusted know life is short, so they take college 10 but know the importance of fun as well. On our campus the well-adjusted out number the grind and goof-offs( )1.A.seen B. discovered C recognized D. determined( )2.A. pursuit B. search C. trace D. look( )3.A hesitate B. halt C. stay D. dwell( )4.A.300-pages B. 300 pages C.300 page's D. 300-page( )5.A.As for B. of C In case D. With regard( )6.A.pointless B. critical C. legitimate D. important( )7.A.levels B. credits C. degrees D. scales( )8.A. out B. for C. in D. about( )9.A. takes B. counts C. holds D. estimates( )10A. severely B. truly C. sincerely D. seriously(17)One of the major political issues in the 2004 presidential election is framing up to be outsourcing-- the movement of jobs and sometimes entire companies to other countries in search of cheaper labor.Outsourcing is not a new issue. It has been occurring since the 1970s when thousands of manufacturing jobs were slowly moving 1 Mexico, Taiwan, China and Korea where workers, making anything from tennisshoes to clothing, work longer hours for less pay.While cheap labor is the 2 cause for outsourcing, low shipping and communication costs3 companies can produce goods overseas and then ship them back to the United States without4 tax.But recent trends have shown that manufacturing jobs are not the only jobs being outsourced."Any worker whose job does not 5 daily face-to-face 6 is now in jeopardy(fq) of being replaced by a lower-paid, 7 skilled worker thousands of miles away," said Paul Craig Roberts, an economist with the Institute for Political Economy who worked for President Reagan in the 1980s.This means that high paying jobs once 8 safe, such as software engineers, data processors, phone bankers and software designers, are now at risk of being outsource.As Goldman Sachs Asia official Ken Courtis explains, outsourcing makes economic 9 : We pay hundreds of thousands of dollars a year to hire a good engineer. You can hire ten engineers for 10 price in India. ( )1. A. from B. to C. around D. along( )2. A. primary B. prime C. prior D. primitive( )3. A. contribute B. attribute C. constitute D . institute( )4. A. magnificent B. significant C. grand D. splendid( )5. A. acquire B. inquire C. require D. request( )6. A. intercession B. intercourse C. interference D. interaction( )7. A. fairly B. equally C. inferior D. superior( )8. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. having thought( )9. A. conscious B. sense C. feeling D. flavor( )10. A. that B. which C. this D. its(18)Bob Jeffrey, the head of J. Waiter Thompson, one of the largest U.S. ad firms, 1 the media industry in 2004 when he 2 that ad spending on TV networks 3 drop by half over the next five years. "I think it's a 4 conclusion that network TV will 5 if it continues to 6 on the same model, Jeffrey told the Reuters news agency.Thompson helped its biggest U.S. client, Ford Motor Co. 7 its product in the popular Fox show "American Idol. " Winners receive a Ford Focus car along with their recording contract."American Idol" also 8 soda and wireless service. Ever notice that the three judges sit behind large red cups emblazoned ( 被。
大学英语四级考试完型填空与简答解题技巧
2、语法方面 (1) 定语从句，主要考连接词、限定与非限定定 语从句的区别、定语从句的判别(区分定语从 句与其它主从复合句)。 (2) 非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在和过去分词、 动名词)。 (3) 一致(时态、语态、语气、人称、数)。 (4) 否定句，各种否定词及双重否定。 (5) 逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)， 在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施动者 与动作的关系。
(3) 词汇的复现关系。词汇的复现关系是指 某一个词以原词、指代词、同近义词、 上下义词、同根词、概括词等出现在语 篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系 得以相互衔接。根据这个原则，某一个 空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文 中复现的相关词，考生可以根据这些复 现词之间的有机联系确定答案。
(4) 词汇的同现关系。词汇的同现关系是指 词汇共同出现的倾向性。在语篇中，围 绕一定的主题，一定的词就会同时出现， 这种词的同现关系与语篇范围关系密切。 根据这个原则，我们可以排除一些语篇 范围以外的选项，而将重点放在语篇范 围以内的选项上。
大学英语四级考试 完型填空与简答 解题技巧
☆ 完型填空（Cloze）
完型填空题是在一篇题材熟悉、难度 适中的短文（约200-250词）要求考 生在15分钟内填完。
这一题型的特点在于其综合了词汇、 结构及阅读理解部分的测试内容，在语 篇基础上对考生的阅读能力、语法词汇、 逻辑推理、背景知识和常识、语感等都 进行了考查，因而具有相当的难度。练 习完形填空就是进行强制性的阅读训练， 逐步培养边读边预测或猜测、验证或推 理的积极思维的良好阅读习惯，还能逐 步掌握猜词的策略，最终使得猜测演变 成下意识的心理活动，从而促成良好的 阅读习惯。
四六级完型填空多以说明文和 议论文为主，条理清晰、逻辑性强。 而说明文、议论文一般采用分类、 比较、对照、因果、例证等方式谋 篇，正确把握文章的结构类型有助 于对文章的理解。
nlp完型填空
nlp完型填空
NLP（自然语言处理）中的完型填空（Cloze Test）是一种评估模型理解文本内容能力的任务。
在这种任务中，系统会从文本中移除一些单词或短语，然后要求模型根据上下文来预测被移除的内容。
这种方法可以测试模型对语言结构、语义关系和上下文信息的理解能力。
例如，给定一个句子：“我喜欢吃[MASK]。
”，其中“[MASK]”是一个占位符，表示被移除的单词。
模型的任务就是根据“我喜欢吃”这个上下文来预测“[MASK]”应该是什么。
可能的预测结果包括“苹果”、“香蕉”、“披萨”等，具体取决于模型对上下文的理解。
完型填空任务在自然语言处理领域具有广泛的应用，例如在机器翻译、文本摘要、对话系统等方面。
通过评估模型在完型填空任务上的表现，可以衡量其对自然语言的理解和生成能力，从而不断改进和优化模型。
需要注意的是，完型填空任务也存在一些挑战和限制。
例如，有些单词或短语在上下文中可能有多个合理的预测结果，这会给模型的评估带来一定的困难。
此外，完型填空任务通常只涉及单个句子或短文本，难以评估模型在更长篇幅文本中的表现。
因此，在实际应用中，需要结合其他评估指标和任务来全面评估模型的性能。
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逻辑、常识等。(最基本要求)
二、准确理解文章的大意,细心体会作
者的创作意图。 (最核心要求)
三、将备选答案放到上下文语境中
去理解，从而得出正确答案。
• (07陕西) This passage tells us a story
about an old couple, who love each other so deeply that they decide to share everything in life.But for those who don’t know them. A misunderstanding will surely happen……
(07四川C) （首）
It's great fun to explore (探索) new places—it feels like an adventure, even when you know you're not the first to have been there. But make sure not to get lost or waste time going round in circles.
• 33 ,the lady didn’t take a bite, She
sat there 34 her husband eat, and taking turns (轮流) sipping the drink, Again I 35 to buy them something but was refused,When the man finished eating and was 36 his face with a napkin (纸巾). • I 37 no longer stand it. I made an offer to them a third time. 38 being politely refused, I asked the lady 39 ,“Madam, why aren’t you eating? You said that you share everthing. 40 is it that you are waiting for?”“The teeth,”she answered.
•
The composer, therefore, does not say to himself: "Do I feel inspired?" He says to himself: "Do I feel like working today?" And if he feels like working, he does. It is more or less like saying to himself: "Do I feel sleepy?" If you feel sleepy, you go to sleep. If you don't feel sleepy, you stay up. If the composer doesn' t feel like working, he doesn' t work. It' s as simple as that.
• 宏观把握文章脉络,摸准作者的真实的
创作意图.才能有助于我们答题.
• 这种思维方式可以引用到我们做完型
填空题上.
Section2 完形填空(cloze)
完形填空主要测试学生的综合 应用语言能力,重点考查词汇及其用 法、惯用法以及对上下文乃至全篇 的理解。
要做好完型填空题，必须做到：
一、准确把握词汇的意义用法、惯用法、
• 57. What would be the best title for the
text? A. Composer: a man of mystery
B. Practice makes good music C. Relation between sleeping and
music D. Music: prop of friends together and go
exploring. You'll need a good map, a compass (指南针), a raincoat, a cell phone to call for help in case you get lost, and a bit of spare cash for emergencies (应急现金). Tell someone where you're going before you set out and let them know what time you expect to be back. The test is in not getting lost, not in seeing how fast you can go, so always stick together, waiting for slower friends to catch up.
One of the first things the common man wants to know about is the part inspiration (灵感) plays in a composer‘ s work. He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question. Writing music is as natural for the composer as eating or sleeping for all. Music is something that the composer happens to have been born for.
• 66.The text mainly talks
about_____. A.The fun of exploration B.What to bring for exploration C.The way to use a map in exploration D.How to prevent getting lost in exploration
•● Do the map reading if you're being driven somewhere. It'll be easier if you keep turning the map so it follows the direction you' re traveling in. Keep looking ahead so that you can give the driver lots of warning before having to make a turn, or you'll have to move to the back seat.
(07全国二E)（首）
Most people want to know how things are made. They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made. Where a composer (作曲家) begins, how he manages to keep going - in fact, how and where he leams his trade -all are covered in complete darkness. The composer, in short, is a man of mystery (神秘).
Outline:
• Section 1:怎样才能更好地读懂
一篇文章 • Section 2:怎样做好完型填空题
• Section 3:实战演练
Section1
读懂一篇文章意味着找到了全文 的中心思想。在阅读理解中就集中体 现在找到了段落或全文的主题句. 主题句是概括段意的关键或骨干 句子。在阅读时找到主题句便意味着 找到了段落的中心思想.如:
•
He took a sip(一小口)of the drink. His wife also took one and then 25 the cup down between them. “That 26 old couple !All they can 27 is one meal for the two of them,”thought I. 28 the man began to eat his French fries. I 29 to my feet, went over and said that I was 30 to buy another meal for them. But he 31 refused me and said that they made it a 32 to share everything.
• ● See if your school or a club organizes
orienteering activities, in which you need a map and a compass to find your way. This can be done as a sport, with teams trying to find the way from A to B (and B to C, etc. ) in the fastest time, or simply as a spare-time activity. Either way, it's not only good fun, but a great way to keep fit.