中西方英雄主义的差异(英文)
比较中美电影中英雄主义的特点【范本模板】
Comparison of Heroism Features in American and ChineseMovies——In cases of Iron Man and Hero IntroductionHero worship exists in almost every culture. Corresponding to the hero worship, heroism represents the pursuit of particular social culture ，and to a certain extent,it affects the development of the society。
Different cultural definitions of heroism，definitely, vary from one another.About American hero films, audiences are very familiar with Iron Man，Spider Man ，Bat Man and so on。
Chinese films also has a lot of films, such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon，Hero. These shaped heros all hold the same characteristics of great spirit, courage and keen insight. However, virtually, different heroic images of the films of Chinese and American embody the views on the diversified definitions of hero and two kinds of culture。
浅析中西方英雄主义的异同英语作文
浅析中西方英雄主义的异同英语作文The Differences and Similarities between Eastern and Western HeroismHeroism has been a captivating and inspiring concept across cultures throughout history. From the ancient Greek epics to the modern-day superhero stories, the notion of heroism has captured the imagination of people worldwide. However, the perception and manifestation of heroism can vary significantly between Eastern and Western societies. This essay aims to explore the differences and similarities between Eastern and Western heroism.One of the primary distinctions between Eastern and Western heroism lies in the underlying philosophical and cultural foundations. In the Western tradition, heroism is often associated with the concept of individualism, where the hero is portrayed as a lone figure who overcomes adversity through their own strength, courage, and determination. This is exemplified in the archetypal Western hero, such as Hercules, Achilles, or Superman, who are celebrated for their exceptional physical prowess, unwavering determination, and willingness to sacrifice themselves for the greater good.In contrast, Eastern heroism is more closely tied to the principles of collectivism and harmony within the community. The Eastern hero is often depicted as someone who embodies the values of selflessness, loyalty, and duty to their family, clan, or nation. This can be seen in the legendary figures of Eastern mythology, such as the Monkey King from the Chinese classic "Journey to the West" or the samurai warriors of feudal Japan, who are revered for their unwavering commitment to their lord and their willingness to sacrifice their own desires for the greater good of the group.Another key difference between Eastern and Western heroism is the role of spirituality and the supernatural. In the Western tradition, heroic figures are often imbued with superhuman abilities or are descendants of the gods, such as Hercules or Perseus. These heroes are celebrated for their physical prowess and their triumph over earthly challenges. In contrast, Eastern heroes are often deeply connected to the spiritual realm, drawing their strength and wisdom from the principles of Taoism, Buddhism, or Confucianism. For example, the Monkey King from "Journey to the West" possesses magical powers and is able to transform into various animals, while the samurai warriors of Japan are often depicted as embodying the spiritual discipline of Bushido.Despite these differences, there are also significant similarities between Eastern and Western heroism. Both traditions recognize theimportance of courage, resilience, and self-sacrifice in the face of adversity. Whether it is the Greek hero Odysseus overcoming the challenges of his journey home or the samurai warrior Miyamoto Musashi triumphing in a duel, the underlying theme of heroism as a triumph of the human spirit is a common thread that binds these diverse cultural traditions.Furthermore, both Eastern and Western heroism often emphasize the importance of moral character and ethical behavior. The Western hero is frequently depicted as a paragon of virtue, embodying qualities such as honesty, integrity, and a strong sense of justice. Similarly, the Eastern hero is often celebrated for their adherence to the principles of Confucianism or Bushido, which emphasize virtues such as loyalty, filial piety, and a sense of duty to one's community.Another similarity between Eastern and Western heroism is the role of the hero as a symbol of national or cultural identity. In the West, iconic heroes such as King Arthur or William Wallace have become synonymous with the cultural and national identity of their respective countries. Similarly, in the East, figures such as the Monkey King or the Shaolin monks have become deeply ingrained in the cultural consciousness of their respective societies, serving as symbols of national pride and cultural resilience.In conclusion, while there are significant differences between Easternand Western heroism in terms of their underlying philosophical and cultural foundations, as well as the role of spirituality and the supernatural, there are also striking similarities in the core values and themes that define the heroic archetype. Ultimately, the study of heroism across cultures can provide valuable insights into the universal human desire to overcome adversity, to strive for greatness, and to leave a lasting legacy that inspires future generations.。
中西方价值观差异英文版
Differences in Values between Eastern and Western CulturesCultural values play a pivotal role in shaping the mindset, behaviors, and social structures of societies across the globe. The East-West cultural divide, marked by distinct value systems, has been a subject of interest for scholars, anthropologists, and sociologists. Examining the differences in values between Eastern and Western cultures sheds light on the diverse perspectives that underpin the way people in these regions navigate life, relationships, and societal norms.### **1. Individualism vs. Collectivism:****Western Perspective:**-Individualism is a key value in Western cultures, emphasizing personal autonomy, self-expression, and the pursuit of individual goals. Independence and personal achievement are often highly valued.**Eastern Perspective:**- Eastern cultures, particularly in Asia, often prioritize collectivism. Harmony within the group, family, or community takes precedence over individual desires. Group cohesion and cooperation are highly esteemed.### **2. Relationship Dynamics:****Western Perspective:**-Western societies often value more informal and egalitarian relationships. Open communication, personal space, and the right to express one's opinions are commonly emphasized.**Eastern Perspective:**-Eastern cultures, especially in Confucian-influenced societies, place a strong emphasis on hierarchical relationships. Respect for authority, elders, and maintaining social harmony are crucial.### **3. Time Perception:****Western Perspective:**- Western cultures typically adhere to a monochronic time orientation, where time is linear and compartmentalized. Punctuality and efficient time management are highly valued.**Eastern Perspective:**- Eastern cultures, particularly in Asia, may embrace a polychronic time orientation. Time is seen as more fluid, and relationships often take precedence over strict adherence to schedules.### **4. Communication Styles:****Western Perspective:**- Direct communication is often valued in Western cultures. Expressing opinions, negotiating openly, and engaging in debate are common communication styles.**Eastern Perspective:**-Indirect communication is more prevalent in Eastern cultures. Non-verbal cues, reading between the lines, and maintaining harmony through implicit communication are often prioritized.### **5. Attitude Toward Change:****Western Perspective:**- Western cultures may embrace change and innovation, valuing progress, adaptability, and a willingness to challenge the status quo.**Eastern Perspective:**- Eastern cultures, rooted in tradition and stability, may exhibit a more cautious approach to change. Preservation of cultural heritage and societal stability are often emphasized.### **6. Views on Nature and Harmony:****Western Perspective:**- Nature is often viewed as a resource to be utilized. The relationship with nature is utilitarian, and the emphasis is on human mastery over the environment.**Eastern Perspective:**-Many Eastern philosophies, such as Daoism and Confucianism, emphasize harmony with nature. Nature is seen as interconnected, and humans are viewed as an integral part of the natural world.### **7. Perception of Success:****Western Perspective:**-Success in Western cultures is often equated with individual accomplishments, personal wealth, and recognition. Ambition and self-promotion are encouraged.**Eastern Perspective:**- Success in Eastern cultures may be linked to family honor, social status, and contributing to the welfare of the community. Humility and modesty are often valued.### **8. Attitudes Toward Authority:****Western Perspective:**-Western cultures may question authority and encourage a more egalitarian approach. Critical thinking and individual rights are often prioritized.**Eastern Perspective:**- Eastern cultures may exhibit a more deferential attitude toward authority figures. Respect for authority, elders, and societal norms is emphasized.### **Conclusion:**The differences in values between Eastern and Western cultures are complex and multifaceted, reflecting the rich diversity of human societies. Recognizing and understanding these cultural disparities is essential for fostering cross-cultural understanding, effective communication, and harmonious global interactions. Embracing the richness of both Eastern and Western value systems contributes to a more inclusive and interconnected world.。
中西方英雄主义的异同 以功夫熊猫为例
辅修学位毕业论文（ 2013届）从电影《功夫熊猫》看 中西方英雄主义外国语学院英语语言文学 12010240802 2011级刘玉琢题目 学 院 专 业年 级 学生姓名 学生学号指导教师文莉2013年5月Analyze Chinese and western heroism from the film Kong fuPandaA Thesis Submitted to the difference of the heroism in china and westerncountryNingxia UniversityIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree ofSecond bachelor of EnglishbyLiuyuzhuoSchool of Economics and ManagementNingxia UniversityMay, 2013AcknowledgementsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms. WenLi, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the teachers in School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I should finally to express my gratitude to my parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.AbstractPo, the leading role of Kung Fu Panda, is an inconspicuous small potato. He is a fatter panda from a noodles family. Nobody could think of that Po will become the Dragon Warrior, even himself. But finally Po overcame himself, enemy and become the great hero who was admired. Actually, the American heroism reflected is the American culture and values based on individual human existence. Chinese and western culture produced their hero according to their value system. The hero of China have a strong sense of justice and ready to help the weak, while the hero of western country pursue “Equal rights and freedom of think, speech, religion respecting different. etc.”Emphasis on spiritual liberation and human rights requirements. Especially in films and television programs, differences between two cultures are more clearly. But there are some of the same characteristics.Key words: Chinese and western culture, heroism, film.《功夫熊猫》中的主角阿波，是和平谷中的最不起眼的小人物——一只来自面条世家的胖熊猫。
中西方价值观不同英语作文
中西方价值观不同英语作文In the tapestry of global cultures, the East and the West represent two distinct threads that contribute to the rich diversity of human values and beliefs. These differences are not merely superficial; they are deeply rooted in history, tradition, and societal structures, shaping the way people perceive the world and interact with one another.One of the most profound differences lies in the approach to individualism and collectivism. Western societies, particularly those influenced by European traditions and the Enlightenment, place a high premium on individual rights, personal freedom, and self-expression. The Western value system encourages individuals to stand out, to compete, and to pursue their own goals and ambitions. This is often reflected in the Western emphasis on personal achievements, innovation, and the entrepreneurial spirit.In contrast, Eastern cultures, deeply influenced by philosophies such as Confucianism and Buddhism, often prioritize the collective over the individual. Harmony,social order, and group cohesion are highly valued. In these societies, individuals are encouraged to contribute to the welfare of the community and to seek consensus rather than to assert personal desires. This collectivist approach can be seen in the strong emphasis on family, respect for elders, and the importance of maintaining social hierarchies.Another notable divergence is the concept of time. Western cultures tend to view time as a linear and scarce resource, which has led to a strong focus on punctuality, efficiency, and planning for the future. The Western approach is often characterized by a sense of urgency and a desire to optimize time usage, which is evident in the fast-paced lifestyle and the prevalence of time management tools.Eastern perspectives on time, however, are more cyclical and fluid. Time is seen as something that can be moreflexible and is often managed in a way that allows for spontaneity and a greater focus on the present moment. This can be observed in the slower pace of life and thewillingness to adapt to changing circumstances in many Eastern societies.The approach to communication also varies significantly. Directness and explicitness are valued in Western communication styles, where clarity and efficiency are paramount. People are encouraged to be straightforward with their thoughts and feelings, which can be seen as a sign of honesty and strength.Eastern communication, on the other hand, often relies on subtlety and nuance. There is a greater emphasis on non-verbal cues, context, and the maintenance of harmony in conversations. Indirectness is common, as it allows for the preservation of face and respect for others. This can sometimes be misinterpreted by Westerners as being vague or insincere.In the realm of education, Western systems often stress critical thinking, debate, and the questioning of authorityas a means to foster intellectual growth and independence. Students are encouraged to challenge ideas and to think for themselves.Eastern education systems, by comparison, traditionally place a strong emphasis on respect for authority and the importance of mastering established knowledge and skills. There is a focus on discipline, memorization, and the valueof the teacher's guidance, which is seen as a key toachieving academic excellence.These differences in values are not absolute and are increasingly blurred due to globalization and cultural exchange. However, understanding these fundamentaldifferences is crucial for fostering mutual respect and effective communication in our interconnected world.In conclusion, the differences in values between the East and the West are multifaceted and complex. They are not inherently superior or inferior, but rather reflect theunique cultural heritage and social priorities of each region. Recognizing and appreciating these differences is essentialfor building bridges of understanding and cooperation in our globalized society.。
中外英雄差异英语作文
中外英雄差异英语作文Differences Between Heroes in China and the West。
In China, heroes are often portrayed as individuals who sacrificed for the greater good, disregarding personal gain. They're known for their unwavering integrity and moral compass. You'll find them in ancient legends, defending the nation from invaders or standing up for justice in the court.But in the West, heroes tend to be more individualistic. They're the ones who overcome personal challenges, fightfor their beliefs, and strive for freedom. Think of theepic adventures of the Greek heroes or the brave cowboys of the Wild West.The Chinese heroes are deeply rooted in history and culture, often with a spiritual or philosophical dimension. They're admired for their wisdom, virtue, and harmonious coexistence with nature.On the other hand, Western heroes are often larger-than-life figures, with a focus on physical prowess and courage. They're the ones who face danger head-on, never backing down from a challenge.The difference is also reflected in how we view leadership. Chinese heroes often lead by example, through wisdom and virtue. While Western heroes are more likely to be the ones who take charge, making tough decisions and leading。
中西方对英雄形象定义差异的原因(英文)
Reasons for Different Definitions of Heroes1.Different Historic DevelopmentThe main line in Chinese history is Confucianism, feudalism, natural economy and centralization. As a country with an ancient civilization, China experienced many wars and dynastic changes in the long historical development process. These give the reasons to why heroic images in Chinese movies are mostly set to protect the country on battlefields or help people in suffering. In addition, due to the long history and cultural development of China, heroes in movies of different periods reflect different situation of social development at that time., but the essential characteristics of them is the same. The main line of the history of the west is Catholic, the atonement, the development of commodity economy,and feudalism. Especially the Second World War made a deep influence on west countries. For example, the super heroes in American movies were created during the war, in which time people fell disappointed and their faith were shattered. The heroic images that coexistence of man and God cater to people's demands of their own and the desire of saved by gods.2.Different Fairy TalesThe theme of Chinese fairy tales is always related to the social order and social morality. Most of the stories are plain, mediocre, direct and lack of wonderful imagination. In Chinese mythology, heroes have strong power that close to the God and reveal little humanity, while the God acts as human beings in general vulgar with its high status.More importantly, in Chinese mythology, the man and the God are absolutely unequal, and the former are ruled by the latter.It is believed that everyone is equal in the west. In Western fairy tales, the theme of the stories is usually about human destiny, emotional and moral. In these stories, heroes have the extraordinary power of God, and God has kinds of human feelings as well. In other words, gods are same with the human. Both heroes and Gods are not perfect, but all of them do what is expected and contribute to help others.3.Different National Cultural PsychologyDeeply influenced by the Confucianism, a Confucian heroism gradually comes into being. Unlike the Westerners, under the influence of Confucianism, Chinese heroes are not sincere to God, instead, they love peace and believe in human itself. Heroes hide the pride and seem not so aggressive, and are more like “no desire, no action”. Confucius use the kindness to enrich the faithfulness and let it inspire people to respect the social norms, publicize the Loyalty, Filial Piety, Benevolence and Love. Confucianism also stresses the political integrity, professional competence and having no longing. So Chinese heroes pay more attention to inner quality and they put others interest first and are faithful to country and loyal to brothers and they care for the world and people. Many scholars think that what Confucianism advocates lets a hero put collectives’interest first and sacrifice his life if there is a need to protect the nation and people. Christianism advocates “believe in God, obey the church, never do harmful things to church’s interest, and human are born of guilt, and they should suffer from the life so as to get into the paradise after they die”. Those doctrines from the Christianity, on one hand, guide the behavior of the heroes, on the other hand, they control the thoughts of them. Heroes accept the education of Christian, they set their goals to obey the rulesand fight against the pagans, and are not afraid of the death and pursuit of the love. For example, with the influence of the view of God and the powerful national strength, the United States formed a strong national superior sense as a kind of religious belief. Heroes act as the Christ which is thought as the symbol of America reflect its desire to govern the whole world.。
中西价值观差异英语作文
In the realm of cultural studies,the comparison between Chinese and Western values is a fascinating topic that reveals the diversity of human thought and societal norms.Here are some key points that can be discussed in an essay on the differences between Chinese and Western values:1.Collectivism vs.Individualism:One of the most prominent differences lies in the value systems.Chinese culture tends to emphasize collectivism,where the needs of the group are often prioritized over individual desires.In contrast,Western cultures,particularly in the United States and Europe,place a strong emphasis on individualism,valuing personal freedom and autonomy.2.Hierarchy and Respect for Authority:In Chinese society,there is a deeprooted respect for hierarchy and authority,which is reflected in the Confucian principle of filial piety and respect for elders.Western societies,on the other hand,tend to be more egalitarian, with a greater emphasis on questioning authority and advocating for social equality.3.Face and Social Harmony:The concept of face is crucial in Chinese culture,where maintaining ones dignity and reputation in social interactions is highly valued.This often leads to an avoidance of direct confrontation and a preference for indirect communication. In Western cultures,direct communication and confrontation are more common,as they are seen as a means to resolve issues and express ones thoughts openly.cation and Achievement:Both cultures value education,but they approach it differently.Chinese culture often places a strong emphasis on academic achievement and hard work,with a focus on discipline and rote learning.Western education systems tend to encourage creativity,critical thinking,and a more holistic approach to learning.5.Work Ethic and Time Management:Chinese work culture is often characterized by long hours and a strong dedication to work,which is seen as a virtue.Western work cultures,while still valuing productivity,often emphasize worklife balance and the importance of leisure time.6.Religion and Spirituality:While China has a diverse religious landscape,including Buddhism,Taoism,and Confucianism,the influence of these religions on daily life can be subtle.In Western societies,Christianity has historically played a significant role in shaping values and norms,although secularism is increasingly prevalent.7.Family Structure and Relationships:Chinese culture often places a high value on extended family and intergenerational relationships,with a strong emphasis on family loyalty and support.Western societies tend to have a more nuclear family structure,witha greater focus on individual relationships and independence.8.Attitude Towards Change and Innovation:Chinese culture has a long history and tradition,which can sometimes lead to a more conservative approach to change.Western societies,particularly in the context of the scientific revolution and industrialization,have often embraced change and innovation as a driving force for progress.9.Materialism and Consumerism:While both cultures have seen a rise in materialism and consumerism,the motivations and manifestations can differ.Western societies have a history of consumerdriven economies,where material possessions are often seen as a measure of success.In China,the rapid economic growth of recent decades has also led to increased consumerism,but it is still often tempered by traditional values.10.Environmental Attitude:Western societies have been at the forefront of environmental movements and have a strong tradition of advocating for sustainability and conservation.China,while historically having a deep respect for nature within its philosophical traditions,has faced significant environmental challenges due to rapid industrialization and is now making strides in adopting green technologies and policies. These points can serve as a foundation for a comprehensive essay on the differences between Chinese and Western values,providing a nuanced understanding of the cultural dynamics at play.。
中美英雄对比英文作文
中美英雄对比英文作文英文：When it comes to comparing heroes from China and America, there are certainly some notable differences. In America, heroes are often portrayed as individuals who are strong, independent, and willing to take risks. They are often seen as the ultimate embodiment of the American dream, and their stories inspire people to believe that anythingis possible if they work hard enough.In China, heroes are often more focused on communityand the greater good. They are often portrayed asindividuals who are willing to sacrifice their own personal goals for the sake of their family, friends, or country. They are seen as humble, selfless, and dedicated to their cause.One example of an American hero is Superman. He is incredibly powerful, and he uses his abilities to protectthe innocent and fight evil. He is a symbol of hope and justice, and his story has been inspiring people for generations.On the other hand, a Chinese hero like Lei Feng is known for his selflessness and dedication to helping others. He was a soldier who went above and beyond his duties to help his fellow soldiers and civilians. Despite his heroic actions, he remained humble and never sought recognitionfor his deeds.Overall, I think both American and Chinese heroes have their own unique qualities that make them admirable. American heroes inspire us to dream big and take risks,while Chinese heroes remind us of the importance of community and selflessness.中文：当谈到比较中国和美国的英雄时，有一些显著的区别。
中西方在英雄主义价值观上的差异
中西方在英雄主义价值观上的差异中西方在英雄主义价值观上有一定的差异。
英雄主义是一种对于勇气、担当、牺牲和展现无私精神的崇尚和赞扬，但是在中西方文化中，对于英雄主义的理解和表达方式存在差异，并受到不同的历史和文化背景的影响。
首先，中西方在英雄主义的起源上有所不同。
在西方文化中，英雄主义最早起源于古希腊时期的英雄神话，如赫拉克勒斯和阿喀琉斯等。
这些神话英雄展现了无与伦比的勇气和力量，代表着尊贵和荣耀。
而在中国文化中，英雄主义的起源可以追溯到古代历史上的英雄人物，如伍子胥和岳飞等。
这些英雄人物追求的是国家利益、民族团结和社会正义，强调的是家国情怀。
其次，中西方在英雄主义的核心价值观上存在差异。
在西方文化中，英雄主义更加强调个人的自由意志和独立性。
西方英雄主义的箴言是“我为自己而战”，强调的是个人的追求和自我实现。
而在中国文化中，英雄主义更强调集体主义和家国情怀。
中国英雄主义的价值观是“我为家人、为国家而战”，强调的是责任和奉献。
这种差异源于中西方文化的不同，尤其是个人主义和集体主义的差距。
此外，中西方在英雄主义的表达方式上也有所不同。
在西方文化中，英雄主义更加强调个体的英雄形象。
西方人常常将被认为有英雄品质的人视为偶像和榜样，通过媒体和文化创作来宣传和崇拜这些英雄。
比如，美国的超级英雄电影就是西方英雄主义的典型表达。
而在中国文化中，英雄主义更多地是以群体或者集体的形象表达。
中国人普遍对于英雄人物的崇拜和赞美是集中在民族英雄和历史人物身上，强调英雄与国家、民族、集体的联系。
中国电影中也常常表现出这种英雄主义的特点，如《英雄》和《红色娘子军》等。
最后，中西方在英雄主义的价值评判上也有所差异。
在西方文化中，英雄主义被视为高尚、光荣和正义的象征。
英雄主义如果能够促进个人自由和社会进步，就是受到推崇和赞美的。
而在中国文化中，英雄主义被视为忠诚、勇敢和无私的品质。
英雄主义必须与国家、民族的利益相一致，以集体的目标为准绳进行评判。
中西价值观的差异英语作文
中西价值观的差异英语作文Title: The Divergence of Eastern and Western Values.The vast and intricate tapestry of human civilization is richly woven with diverse threads, each representing a unique cultural and philosophical heritage. The Eastern and Western worlds, in particular, exhibit profound differences in their core values, a divergence that finds its roots in their respective historical, social, and religious backgrounds. This essay aims to delve into the intricacies of these differences, highlighting the underlying factors that shape the distinct value systems of the East and the West.The foundation stone of Western values can be traced back to the Enlightenment era, a time when reason and rationality were elevated as the ultimate arbiters of truth and morality. This period gave birth to the principles of liberalism, democracy, and individualism, which became the hallmarks of Western society. The individual is seen as thecentral focus, with a strong emphasis on personal freedom, autonomy, and the pursuit of happiness. Thisindividualistic bent of mind is further reinforced by the Western legal system, which oftenprioritizes the rights of the individual over collective interests.Contrastingly, Eastern values are deeply rooted in collectivism, where the welfare and harmony of the community are paramount. This collectivistic mindset finds its expression in the Confucian ideals of ren (humaneness) and li (ritual propriety), which强调 the importance of harmonious relationships and social order. The individual in the East is not seen as a standalone entity but as a member of a larger societal web, whose actions and decisions are influenced by the collective. This collectivistic approach is also reflected in the Eastern legal systems, which often prioritize the needs of the community over individual rights.The concept of time is another noteworthy area of divergence between Eastern and Western values. The Western world operates on a linear, sequential timeline, where timeis viewed as a linear progression from past to future. This mindset gives rise to a strong sense of urgency and the pursuit of efficiency, as well as a focus on goal-oriented achievement. In contrast, Eastern cultures view time as cyclical and interconnected, with the past, present, and future existing in a constant state of flux and interdependence. This circular perspective on time fosters a more relaxed and contemplative approach to life, emphasizing the importance of balance and harmony.The treatment of nature also reflects the divergent values of the East and the West. Western society, with its strong roots in the Industrial Revolution and thescientific method, has tended to view nature as a resource to be exploited and manipulated for human benefit. This anthropocentric approach has often led to environmental degradation and ecological crises. In contrast, Eastern cultures have historically held a more respectful and harmonious relationship with nature, viewing it as a sacred and integral part of the cosmic order. This ecological wisdom finds expression in Eastern religions and philosophies, which emphasize the importance of living inharmony with nature and fostering sustainable living practices.In conclusion, the divergence of Eastern and Western values is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, shaped by a myriad of historical, social, and cultural factors. The Western world, with its strong emphasis on individualism, rationality, and efficiency, stands in contrast to the Eastern world, where collectivism, harmony, and respect for nature prevail. Understanding these differences is crucial for promoting cross-cultural understanding and fostering a more inclusive and harmonious global society.。
(英文版)中西方差异
objective things.
● It is lack of empirical science in Chinese history.
The differences between Chinese and Western
Western Mode of thinking
● Equal consciousness is strong. ● Whether rich or poor, everyone will respect themselves, not allow others to violate their rights, while everyone fully respects others. ● Few people is in his own family background and ashamed of where you come from. ● As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
The differences between Chinese and Western
Western Cultural background
● In western countries the formation of values can be traced back to at least the renaissance. ● The guiding ideology of Renaissance: Humanism ● Hero-worship. ● Advocating the value of personal interests above the group.
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中西神话异同英语作文
中西神话异同英语作文Title: A Comparison of Chinese and Western Mythology。
Mythology serves as a mirror reflecting the beliefs, values, and cultural identities of civilizations across the globe. Chinese and Western mythologies are two prominent pillars of human storytelling, each offering a rich tapestry of gods, heroes, and fantastical creatures. Despite their geographical and cultural disparities, both traditions share common themes while showcasing distinctive characteristics. This essay delves into the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western mythology, exploring their narratives, deities, and cultural significance.Narratives:Chinese mythology, steeped in ancient folklore and historical accounts, emphasizes harmony with nature, filial piety, and moral virtues. It comprises a vast array oftales featuring legendary figures such as the Yellow Emperor, Nuwa, and the Monkey King. One of the most enduring narratives is the myth of the creation of the world by Pangu, who emerged from chaos and separated Yin from Yang, forming the earth and the sky.Western mythology, rooted in Greco-Roman traditions, revolves around gods and mortals inhabiting a world governed by fate and divine intervention. Epics like the Iliad and the Odyssey epitomize the hero's journey, portraying characters like Zeus, Athena, and Hercules. The myth of Prometheus, who defied the gods to bring fire to humanity, symbolizes the struggle for knowledge and the consequences of defiance against divine authority.Deities:In Chinese mythology, deities embody natural forces, celestial bodies, and abstract concepts. The Jade Emperor reigns as the supreme deity, overseeing the celestial bureaucracy and determining the fate of mortals. Other notable figures include Guan Yin, the goddess of mercy, andSun Wukong, the mischievous Monkey King with extraordinary powers.Contrastingly, Western mythology features a pantheon of gods and goddesses with distinct personalities and domains. Zeus, the king of the gods, wields thunderbolts from Mount Olympus, while Athena presides over wisdom and warfare. Each deity possesses human-like qualities, including jealousy, love, and vengefulness, contributing to intricate tales of divine intrigue and mortal affairs.Cultural Significance:Both Chinese and Western mythologies serve as foundational elements of their respective cultures, influencing literature, art, and societal norms.In China, mythology intertwines with philosophical principles such as Confucianism and Taoism, shaping moral values and social hierarchy. The concept of filial piety, derived from stories like that of Mulan and her devotion to her family, underscores the importance of familial bondsand duty.Similarly, Western mythology permeates literature and art, inspiring renowned works like Shakespeare's plays and Michelangelo's sculptures. Themes of heroism, fate, and the struggle between good and evil resonate across cultures, transcending temporal and geographical boundaries.In conclusion, Chinese and Western mythologies share fundamental themes of creation, heroism, and divine intervention, albeit expressed through distinct narratives and cultural lenses. While Chinese mythology emphasizes harmony with nature and moral virtues, Western mythology portrays gods and mortals navigating a world shaped by fate and ambition. Despite their differences, both traditions enrich human imagination and cultural heritage, serving as timeless testaments to the human experience.。
西方和中国在价值念中的差异英语作文
西方和中国在价值念中的差异英语作文Western and Chinese Values: A Comparative AnalysisThe values held by Western and Chinese cultures represent two distinct and profound systems of beliefs, ethics, and social norms. These values, shaped by centuries of history, religious influences, and societal developments, exhibit notable differences that underpin the behaviors, attitudes, and aspirations of individuals within each culture.1. Individualism vs. CollectivismOne of the most striking differences lies in the emphasis placed on individualism and collectivism. Western cultures, particularly those influenced by the Enlightenment era and liberal thought, tend to prioritize individual rights, freedoms, and self-expression. The concept of personal achievement, independence, and the pursuit of happiness are core values in Western societies. In contrast, Chinese culture emphasizes collectivism, where the interests of the family, community, and nation are often considered paramount to those of the individual. Harmony, stability, and the well-being of the collective are highly valued, and personal actions are often guided bya sense of responsibility towards the larger group.2. Time PerceptionAnother significant difference lies in the perception of time. Western cultures tend to view time as linear and finite, emphasizing efficiency, punctuality, and the importance of achieving goals within a specific timeframe. This mindset fosters a culture of productivity and progress. In contrast, Chinese culture often perceives time as cyclical and interconnected, valuing harmony with nature and the universe. This perspective encourages patience, perseverance, and a long-term approach to problem-solving and decision-making.3. Ethical and Moral ValuesEthical and moral values also differ between Western and Chinese cultures. Western societies tend to emphasize rationality, objectivity, and the rule of law as the foundation of ethical behavior. The concept of individual rights and the protection of minority groups are central to Western ethical systems. In contrast, Chinese culture places a strong emphasis on moral virtues such as filial piety, respect for elders, and harmony within society. Ethical behavior is often guided by traditional values anda sense of social responsibility, with a focus on maintaining interpersonal relationships and promotingsocial harmony.4. Attitudes towards Success and FailureWestern and Chinese cultures also differ in their attitudes towards success and failure. Western societies tend to celebrate individual success and achievement, viewing them as signs of personal merit and hard work. Failure, while not always welcomed, is often seen as an opportunity for growth and learning. In contrast, Chinese culture tends to place more emphasis on collective success and the avoidance of failure, which can be seen as a loss of face or dishonor. This mindset can lead to a strong emphasis on perseverance, hard work, and the importance of preparation and planning.5. Social Interaction and CommunicationSocial interaction and communication styles also differ between Western and Chinese cultures. Western cultures tend to value directness, honesty, and open communication. Individuals are encouraged to express their opinions and feelings openly, even if they differ from those of others. In contrast, Chinese culture places a strong emphasis onharmony, respect, and tactfulness in social interactions. Communication is often more indirect and nuanced, with a focus on maintaining interpersonal relationships and avoiding conflict.ConclusionIn conclusion, the values held by Western and Chinese cultures represent two distinct and profound systems of beliefs, ethics, and social norms. These differences, rooted in centuries of history and cultural development, underpin the behaviors, attitudes, and aspirations of individuals within each culture. Understanding and respecting these differences is essential for promoting cross-cultural understanding, cooperation, and harmony in an increasingly globalized world.。
中西方英雄差异英语作文
中西方英雄差异英语作文Title: A Comparative Analysis of Eastern and Western Heroes。
Heroes are an integral part of any culture, embodying its values, beliefs, and aspirations. The stark differences between Eastern and Western heroes reflect the diverse cultural backgrounds and societal norms of these two regions. In this essay, we will delve into the contrasting characteristics of Eastern and Western heroes, exploring their origins, traits, and significance within their respective cultures.Firstly, let us examine the origins of Eastern and Western heroes. In Western culture, heroes often emerge from individualistic societies that prioritize personal achievement and glory. These heroes are frequently portrayed as valiant warriors, knights, or adventurers who embark on epic quests to overcome challenges and adversaries. Examples include the legendary King Arthur,the courageous Achilles from Greek mythology, and theiconic superhero Superman from American comic books. Western heroes are celebrated for their bravery, resilience, and willingness to defy the odds in pursuit of justice and honor.On the other hand, Eastern heroes are deeply rooted in collective traditions and spiritual philosophies. Incultures such as China and Japan, heroes often arise from historical legends, folklore, and ancient wisdom. They are portrayed as figures of virtue, embodying Confucian idealsof loyalty, filial piety, and humility. Examples of Eastern heroes include the noble warrior Guan Yu from the Chinese epic "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," the wise sage Confucius, and the legendary swordsman Miyamoto Musashifrom Japan. Eastern heroes are revered not only for their martial prowess but also for their moral integrity andself-discipline, serving as exemplars for society to emulate.Secondly, let us explore the contrasting traits of Eastern and Western heroes. Western heroes are typicallycharacterized by their rugged individualism, often operating outside the confines of societal norms and authority. They are portrayed as lone wolves or mavericks who challenge conventional wisdom and pursue their own code of ethics. Western heroes often exhibit traits such as independence, assertiveness, and a strong sense of justice. However, they may also grapple with inner conflicts and moral ambiguity, reflecting the complexity of human nature.In contrast, Eastern heroes prioritize harmony and collective well-being over individual glory. They are depicted as humble yet noble figures who place the needs of their community above their own interests. Eastern heroes exemplify the virtues of selflessness, compassion, and wisdom, often sacrificing personal gain for the greater good. Their actions are guided by moral principles and a deep sense of duty towards society. While Eastern heroes may possess exceptional skills in combat or intellect, they wield their power with restraint and humility, avoiding unnecessary conflict and violence whenever possible.Finally, let us consider the significance of heroeswithin their respective cultures. In the Western tradition, heroes serve as symbols of courage, resilience, and the triumph of good over evil. They inspire individuals to pursue their dreams and stand up for what they believe in, regardless of the obstacles they may face. Western heroes also play a crucial role in shaping popular culture, influencing literature, cinema, and other forms of artistic expression.In Eastern cultures, heroes are revered as moral paragons and cultural icons. They embody the timeless values and ethical principles that have sustained Eastern societies for centuries. Eastern heroes serve as role models for individuals seeking guidance on how to live a virtuous and meaningful life. Their stories are passed down through generations, providing moral instruction and spiritual enlightenment to future generations.In conclusion, the differences between Eastern and Western heroes reflect the unique cultural perspectives and societal values of each region. While Western heroes emphasize individualism, daring, and defiance, Easternheroes prioritize harmony, humility, and selflessness. Despite these contrasts, both Eastern and Western heroes continue to captivate the imagination of people around the world, serving as timeless symbols of human virtue and resilience.。
关于东方和西方价值观的差异的英语作文
关于东方和西方价值观的差异的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Difference Between Eastern and Western ValuesValues are the principles and beliefs that guide our behavior and shape our worldview. While there are universal values that are shared across different cultures and societies, there are also distinct differences in the values of the Eastern and Western worlds. These differences are rooted in the historical, cultural, and philosophical traditions of each region, and have a profound impact on how individuals in each part of the world perceive and navigate their lives.One of the key differences between Eastern and Western values is the concept of individualism versus collectivism. In Western societies, individualism is highly valued, with an emphasis on personal autonomy, self-expression, and independence. Westerners are encouraged to pursue their own goals and ambitions, and to assert their individuality in all aspects of their lives. On the other hand, Eastern societies tend to place greater importance on collectivism, where the needsand interests of the group are prioritized over those of the individual. In Eastern cultures, conformity, harmony, and social cohesion are highly valued, and individuals are expected to prioritize the well-being of their families, communities, and society as a whole.Another key difference between Eastern and Western values is the attitude towards authority and hierarchy. In Western cultures, there is a strong emphasis on equality, democracy, and the rights of individuals to question and challenge authority. Westerners are encouraged to think for themselves, to question established norms and conventions, and to advocate for social justice and change. In contrast, Eastern cultures tend to have a more hierarchical and deferential approach to authority, with a greater emphasis on respect for tradition, authority figures, and social order. In Eastern societies, individuals are expected to show deference and obedience to their elders, leaders, and social superiors, and to uphold the values of filial piety, loyalty, and duty.Moreover, Eastern and Western values also differ in their attitudes towards time and space. Western cultures tend to have a linear and future-oriented perception of time, where time is seen as a finite and valuable resource that must be usedefficiently and productively. Westerners are often driven by a sense of urgency, competition, and achievement, and are constantly seeking to improve themselves and their circumstances. In contrast, Eastern cultures tend to have a more cyclical and present-oriented perception of time, where time is seen as a continuous and undifferentiated flow that is governed by natural rhythms and cycles. Easterners are more likely to prioritize harmony, balance, and spiritual fulfillment over material success and external achievements.In conclusion, the differences between Eastern and Western values are deeply rooted in the historical, cultural, and philosophical traditions of each region. While there are universal values that transcend cultural boundaries, such as compassion, honesty, and integrity, there are also distinct values that shape the way individuals in each part of the world perceive and navigate their lives. By understanding and appreciating the differences in values between Eastern and Western cultures, we can foster greater cross-cultural understanding, communication, and cooperation, and promote a more inclusive and harmonious global community.篇2The Differences Between Eastern and Western ValuesIntroductionThe values and beliefs held by individuals vary greatly across different cultures and societies. In this essay, we will explore and analyze the differences between Eastern and Western values, particularly focusing on key areas such as individualism vs collectivism, hierarchical vs egalitarian relationships, andlong-term vs short-term orientation.Individualism vs CollectivismOne of the most notable differences between Eastern and Western values is the concept of individualism versus collectivism. In Western societies, individualism is often emphasized, with a strong focus on personal achievement and success. In contrast, Eastern cultures tend to place more value on collectivism, with an emphasis on community and group harmony.For example, in Western countries, it is common for individuals to pursue their own goals and ambitions, even if it means prioritizing their own needs over those of their family or community. This can be seen in the emphasis on personal freedom and autonomy, as well as the celebration of individual accomplishments.On the other hand, in Eastern cultures such as China and Japan, there is a strong emphasis on the collective good and social harmony. Individuals are expected to prioritize the needs of their family or community over their own personal desires, and success is often measured in terms of how well one contributes to the well-being of the group.Hierarchical vs Egalitarian RelationshipsAnother key difference between Eastern and Western values is the nature of relationships and social hierarchies. In many Western societies, relationships are often based on egalitarian principles, with an emphasis on equality and mutual respect between individuals. This can be seen in the emphasis on open communication, democratic decision-making, and the value placed on individual rights.In contrast, many Eastern cultures have a more hierarchical approach to relationships, with clear distinctions between social roles and expectations. In countries such as India and Korea, for example, there is a strong emphasis on respecting authority and following traditional social norms. This can be seen in the importance placed on age, seniority, and social status in determining one's place in society.Long-term vs Short-term OrientationFinally, another key difference between Eastern and Western values is the orientation towards time and the future. In Western societies, there is often a focus on short-term goals and immediate gratification, with an emphasis on individual choice and freedom. This can be seen in the emphasis on consumerism, instant gratification, and the pursuit of personal happiness.In contrast, many Eastern cultures have a more long-term orientation, with a focus on sustainability, patience, and perseverance. In countries such as Japan and China, individuals are often encouraged to think about the long-term consequences of their actions and to prioritize the well-being of future generations. This can be seen in the emphasis on saving money, investing in education, and preserving cultural traditions.ConclusionIn conclusion, the differences between Eastern and Western values are vast and complex, reflecting the unique histories, traditions, and beliefs of each culture. While there are certainly similarities and commonalities between the two, it is important to recognize and appreciate the diversity of values and perspectives that exist in our global society. By understanding and respecting the differences between Eastern and Westernvalues, we can foster greater cross-cultural understanding and cooperation in an increasingly interconnected world.篇3The differences between Eastern and Western values have always been a topic of interest and debate. While both regions have rich cultural traditions and values, there are distinct differences in how these values are expressed and practiced.One of the key differences between Eastern and Western values is the emphasis on individualism versus collectivism. In Western cultures, there is a strong emphasis on individualism and personal achievement. People are encouraged to think for themselves, make their own decisions, and strive for personal success. On the other hand, in Eastern cultures, there is a greater emphasis on collectivism and the importance of the group over the individual. People are expected to prioritize the needs of the community and work together towards common goals.Another difference between Eastern and Western values is the attitudes towards hierarchy and authority. In Western cultures, there is often a more relaxed attitude towards authority, with an emphasis on questioning and challenging those in power. This can be seen in the traditions of democracy and freedom ofspeech that are valued in Western societies. In contrast, Eastern cultures often place a greater emphasis on respecting hierarchy and authority, with a greater emphasis on obedience and deference to those in power.Additionally, Eastern and Western values also differ in their attitudes towards time and relationships. In Western cultures, there is often a greater emphasis on efficiency and punctuality, with time being seen as a valuable resource that should not be wasted. Relationships in Western cultures are often based on individual choice and mutual benefit, with an emphasis on personal happiness and fulfillment. In contrast, Eastern cultures often place a greater emphasis on the importance of relationships and social harmony, with a focus on maintaining strong family ties and social connections.Overall, while there are certainly similarities between Eastern and Western values, there are also significant differences in how these values are expressed and practiced. Understanding and appreciating these differences can help to foster greater cultural understanding and cooperation between the two regions.。
中西方英雄对比英文作文
中西方英雄对比英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Superheroes are a popular topic in both Western and Eastern cultures. However, there are some distinctive differences between the two. In the Western world, superheroes are often portrayed as individuals with extraordinary powers and abilities. They are seen as symbols of justice and defenders of the weak. On the other hand, in the Eastern world, heroes are often depicted as individuals who possess great skills and wisdom. They are seen as role models and embody the values of honor and loyalty.In Western superhero stories, the focus is often on the individual hero and their personal journey. They are often flawed characters who struggle with their own inner demons. They are driven by a sense of responsibility to protect the innocent and fight against evil. Western superheroes are often seen as outsiders or misfits, who use their powersfor the greater good.In contrast, Eastern heroes are often part of a larger group or community. They are seen as representatives of their culture or society. Eastern heroes value harmony and unity, and their actions are often motivated by a sense of duty and loyalty to their people. They are often portrayed as wise and humble, using their skills to maintain peace and order.Another difference between Western and Eastern heroesis the portrayal of violence. Western superheroes often engage in intense and violent battles with their enemies. They are not afraid to use force to achieve their goals. In contrast, Eastern heroes prefer to use their skills and wisdom to resolve conflicts peacefully. They value self-control and restraint, and avoid unnecessary violence.In terms of appearance, Western superheroes often wear colorful costumes and masks to conceal their true identities. They are often depicted as muscular and physically powerful. Eastern heroes, on the other hand, often wear traditional clothing that reflects theircultural heritage. They are often portrayed as elegant andgraceful, emphasizing their skills and wisdom rather than physical strength.Despite these differences, both Western and Eastern heroes serve as symbols of hope and inspiration. They represent the values and aspirations of their respective cultures. Whether it is the individualism and determination of Western superheroes or the unity and harmony of Eastern heroes, they all strive to make the world a better place.。
中美英雄对比 英语论文
I IntroductionHero is a somewhat subjective concept. It generally refers to someone whose ability is beyond the ability of ordinary people, they can lead common people to do something meaningful. Of course, heroes also have their own distinct characters, which are different from nations, countries or regions and so on.In spite of different personalities of heroes, hero worship exists almost in every type of culture. Heroism, result of hero worship, represents special social cultural pursuit of a culture and to some extend influences the development of a society. However, the definition of the social value of heroism differs with cultures. In this thesis, the author attempted to analyse the hero image of Hiccup in movie How to train your dragon so as to discuss the characters of American hero. By this way, we are available to have a better understanding about their values and outlook on life. In addition, by comparing the similarities and differences of heroism in both America and China in detail, we will have a more profound understanding about the cultural differencise between China and America.II Literature ReviewPrevious scholars have made a concrete explaination about heroism and have a brief introduction about its background.2.1 Definition of HeroismAlong with the progress of human civilization, the understanding of heroism has been formed into two aspects. One is the humanitarian spirit values gradually took the place of the past narrow nationalism, nationalism and racialism values. Heroism has a wide range of significance about mankind spiritual. On the other hand, on behalf of many kinds of culture and different national values, the heroism of different countries in mutual collisions have been constantly understanding and learning from each other. Heroism with the trend of human unity and other various cultural values will always be a pair of contradiction. The United States as a representative of western culture system promoted their cultural values with its strong economic strength. To speak more specificly, that…s to advocate the concept of American heroism and shape touching hero image to establish the leading position of western culture .As the globalized world today, in addition to the economic strength, it‟s more important to emphasize cultural diversity and the coexistence of various values.The view above is from a British writer named Carlisle in his book The heroes and the hero worship. He did a simple elaboration about poeple…s understanding to the heroism today so as to emphasize the significance of cultural diversity and coexistence of different values. Well, the author‟s opinion is just consistent with my writing purpose. This thesis is based on the contrast of the American hero and Chinese hero to discuss western values and their outlook on life, so that we can better understand the western culture, their way of thinking and their belief to strengthen the ideological exchanges between Chinese and western and promote the fusion of their values.2.2 Background of American HeroIn The hero complex in American film, the author Zhou Xiaoling claimed that heroes are the product of group life. As early as ancient times, somebody outstanding in intelligence or in physical strength would appear as pioneer when people felt powerless in front of nature. Among these leaders, those who are superior in character than the ordinary people can be crowned by the title of “hero”. The emergence of the hero came as the public psychological worship to hero, the dreaming of supernormal ability and the desire to succeed. I n everyone‟s inner heart, there is a deep hero complex and worship or yearning to the hero which no doubt can cause our resonance. Film is undoubtedly one of the most powerful art forms. Hollywood as the American “dreamworks” has been constantly weaving a variety of fascinating dreams from the day it began to work. “The hero myth” is without doubt one of the most successful and traditional dream modes. Countless heroes came out from the screen, their behaviors have been widely known, hero complex has become one of the distinct characteristics in American movies. Zhou Xiaoling eludicated the reason about the yearing to hero and enabled us to understand mass psychology to hero worship.In the article The basic conditons of super civilian hero in American film, the author QiJin argued that “superman”, “spiderman”and “swordsman”these three series of film title are translated as “man”, can be called Hollywood “SanXia” movies. While, in these movies, heroes have supernatural ability, at the same time are ordinary people in daily life, so it can be called them super “civilian hero” with supernatural power. The three films has striking consistency in the literature source, building common American modern myths. America‟s “SanXia” movies ar e adapted from cartoon, as modern myth persuiting perfection of human, reflect people‟s deep potential conscious and unconscious. Why “civilian hero” movie like “SanXia” series in Hollywood are so popular? To explain this, we should get to know about the society and several historical events of the United States. The scholars argued that the appearance of this kind of film is closely related with its national unconscious existing deeply in the United States. So to speak, because of the unconscious desire tothe civilian hero among American people, this type of film is provided for a good opportunity to occupy the marketing. The pursuit of American with deep personal heroism complex and affirmation to each individual‟s value render the appearance of “civilian hero” movie. The author mainly analyzed the background and foundation of the born of its civilian hero, presenting a good reference to understand the civilian hero complex in the United States.Previous scholars have researched people‟s psychology to the hero worship and the background and forming reasons of heroism plot in America. So in this paper, the author will focus on comparing the differencies in both Chinese hero and American hero, instead of the reasons or background about the formation of hero. Heroism in human society has a long history, it has, in fact, already become a kind of cultural phenomenon which can reflect the basic ideology of eastern and western. Such as Chen duxiu pointed, “western nation lay emphasis on individualism and fighting, by contrast, the security of country and family peace is in the top priority of Oriental nation ”, In this paper, the author attempted to analyse the hero image of Hiccup in movie How to train your dragon so as to discuss the characteristics of American hero, by this way, we are available to have a better understanding about their values and outlook on life. In addition, through the comparison between Chinese hero image and American hero image, we are able to get distinct identities of values and views both in China and the United States, thereby to have a more profound understanding about the cultural differencise between China and America, or even between eastern and western.III Analysis of Hero Image in How to Train Your DragonIn order to get to know about the characteristics of American hero we should analyse a specific American hero as the example. During the analysis process, the author try to from three aspects to analyse the hero Hiccup, as follows: firstly, Hiccup‟s growing background, then it‟s Hiccup‟s personality, the last it‟s his interpersonnal relations.3.1 Hiccup’s growing backgroundIn the film how to train you dragon, the Viking tribe is living in a tough environment, where is cold, lack of food and barren landed, and they are natural habitants living by hunting and fishing. When refer to how to deal with the relationship with natural communication, the best method is still conquer. When talking about the great Viking spirit, Hiccup‟s father, Stoick, as the leader of the tribe, stated that the Viking warrior spirit is strong enough to crush mountains, bare forests and flat sea. With the ethical values of human centralism, the Vikings believed that they are the only subject and the slaughter of the nature. They are proud of their strong power. A huge shape and thick hair are the characteristics of strong Viking warriors, and their armor, helmet, sharp axe and big iron hammer and so on is the flag presenting their great power.Therefore, according to this standard, Gangly Hiccup is considered to be lack of the characteristics of the Viking warrior, for he is not full of muscle and seems to lack of courage and honor. Hiccup's father is a strong and mighty leader, however, his son is thin and small, a very alternative boy. Under the background of the Vikings ancient view that power is everything, dragon become must be conquered object for the Vikings. Killing dragon has been a traditional culture passing down from the generation of the Vikings. The dragon has been put on a label of dangerous in their ancient books. Young people all were tought that dragon must be slaughtered. Theirdefinition to hero also make a profound influence, to their cultural tradition, thus, those who can fight with dragon and successfully kill dragon is credited as the Viking warriors.As the son of the Viking leader, Hiccup should set an example to take the lead to become a Viking warrior honored by his people. However, either from the appearance or inner part, Hiccup is not compatible with a Viking warrior. A thin body can not fight with the fierce dragon, what‟s worse, Hiccup would bring unexpected troubles in the battle from time to time, so his father and other people in the tribe never hold out any hope on Hiccup, even are a little bit disappointed. They would fight with dragon rather than stay to take care of Hiccup.In general, Hiccup just like a square peg in a round hole, .growing up in different surroundings. Though he looks weak, does not like a Viking warrior of strong body, in the harsh living conditions, Hiccup still has exercised out resolute and unyielding character. Although Hiccup did not fully accepted the view that Viking warriors should be strong and brave enough to kill dragon, also influenced by it, such as great courage and superior judgment.3.2 Hiccup’s PersonalityHiccup‟s living environment contribute to his indomitable and fortitude character, view about the brave Viking warriors led to his great courage and observant insight. Now let‟s make a brief analysis about Hiccup‟s personality. First of all, he is very clever and has strong practical ability. He is good at using his mind to invent many kinds of instruments, which prove that he is a diligent thinker with a pair of practicable hands. Every time when people are in fighting with dragons, he will always use himself-made instruments trying to help his people, but mostly they are failed, and sometimes even do a disservice. From this point we can see that Hiccup is not a rigid person, he won‟t blindly obey what others told him what to do or just stay in situ. He is eager for a breakthrough and attempts to prove himself. This also helps to lay a fundation about Hiccup‟s shake and query on the traditional concept of the Viking warriors.Secondly, Hiccup is kind-hearted and nonconfirmed in stereotypes. When his knife stabed towards Toothless, he saw T oothless‟ eyes were full of fear and despair. In this moment, he hesitated and doubted that dragons were really ferocious and evil as they assumed. Finally, he gave up killing Toothless, and even feed Toothless with fish since Toothless had been hurt without ability to feed itself. Such actions would be absolutely incredible to people in the Viking tribe. Abandoning the old idea of dragon from his predecessors, Hiccup made a close contact with the dragon, Toothless, and understood the true nature of dragons. He formed his own idea to dragon, established a profound friendship with Toothless. They trust eath other, never desert the other part even in need. In additon the western culture just advocate the ability of self-practice and self–cognitive. There is no absolute authority and truth, no unchanged models. They dislike to stick in the mub, to obey blindly without any doubts.Finally, Hiccup was brave enough to challenge fixed idea, using his own perspective to get to know about dragons. In the film, Hiccup and Toothless fought with the final boss---a huge greedy dragon, which again shows his great courage. At the same time, he could lead his companies wisely to attack the weaknesses of the huge dragon, which also presents his special leadership and conducting faculty. In the western views, full of strategy, wise and leadership are all qualifies that a great man should possess. Especially in the election, such abilities are considered as the top priority.3.3 Hiccup’s Interpersonal RelationshipHiccup‟s father is the leader of the Vikings with strong power, the V ikings‟mission has been killing dragons. Every generated leader has the long-cherished wish to find the dragon‟s lair and eradicate it. However, his son, Hiccup as a thin and small boy, would never grow up as his father expected. Hiccup didn‟t not have such a surreal dream that one day he would be as strong and powerful as his father either. In such a background, the relationship between father and son was in a quandary, thus, both of them were eager for get the identity from the other part, but there was always a gap between them because of their different beliefs and personality.Even though Hiccup still hoped to prove his ability to his father. However, things always go contrary to one‟s wishes, instead of slaughtering a dragon, in a strange combination of circumstances, the young and inexperienced Hiccup became friends with a dragon, Toothless. His father was extremely disappointed with Hiccup after knowing the truth. When his father led people to smash the dragon‟s lair, the huge dragon was too strong to conquer and many people of the tribe had been badly hurt and felt scared. At this time Hiccup and his friends rode their tame dragons to help to fight with that huge dragon. This moment, his father seemed to understand something so that he released Toothless and let Toothless go back to help Hiccup. Finally, the huge dragon was defeated and all the people were saved. Hiccup made their people realized that all their previous views to dragons were totally wrong, dragons also can be very friendly and tractable.To try to get his father‟s understanding, instead of compelling his father to accept Toothless, Hiccup use another way to let the father know that Toothless also had its own lovely and justice aspects. On the other hand, in the critical moment Hiccup‟s father can also timely abandon the fix ideas having been passed from generation to generation and give support to Hiccup. So to speak, their relationship was rejuvernated by their mutual understanding and considering. What‟s this film advocated is mutual understanding in human beings and living harmony with nature. The final victory of Viking people was not achieved by force or violence, but can attribute to the union of all the Vikings plusing tacit cooperation of Hiccup and Toothless. It is thus clear that violence and force only can led to temporarily obedient and yield, while sincere love between people can obtain long harmonious.In Hiccup‟ lif e there was another important person, his lover, Astrid. Astrid was a frank, sincere, brave and was born with stubborn and competitive spirit of the Viking warriors. Having witnessed the good partner relations between Hiccup and Toothless, not only she put down the hostility towards Toothless, also became kind and friendly to Toothless, from this point we can see that Astrid was very considerate and thoughtful, she knew well that Hiccup was in a circumstances of contradictionand on the horns of a dilemma, so she gave the best support to hin. When Hiccup‟s father and people knew that Hiccup went close with a dragon, their hope to Hiccup from the top dropped down to the bottom There was nothing Hiccup could do but to helplessly watch his people risking their lives to fight with the huge dragon. At this moment, Astrid stood by him again when he felt dispirited and discouraged. Under the inspire of Astrid, Hiccup gained the courage to put himself up again to save his people. Astrid's good character and her firm belief and indomitable spirit also is undoubtedly became another bright spot of the movie. There is no deny that Hiccup‟s success is not only because of his courage to challenge stereotype, understandings and supports from his relatives, friends and lover also took a large proportion.IV Characteristics of American HeroIn this paper, the author …s opinion is that the most conspicuous characteristics of American hero is the personal heroism. Personal heroism means a person who is divorced from the masses, believed personal power very much and to perform certain social mission using heroism thought and behavior. Seeing individualism for the principle, it exaggerated or discomfort local emphasis on individual in social life and the role of historical activities, denying people's power and wisdom. It shows that undeserved reputation, self-righteousness, prided himself on all as the characteristic. So the following three characters of American hero are all surrounded by personal heroism, to give a more detailed analysis on it.4.1 IndividualismIndividualism, which has various explanations in the British Encyclopedia, is a moral, political, and social philosophy, emphasizing individual liberty, the primary importance of the individual and the “Perso nal Independence. Individualism is the core of the American culture. It focuses on the satisfaction of one‟s own desire and interests through self-reliance. The word individualism was first promoted by the French political reviewer Alexis de Tocqueville in his classical book Democracy in America published in 1835.As expounded in Tocqueville‟s book Democracy in America, Individualism has three meanings: Firstly, Individualism, as an aim of values, emphasizes on oneself is the aim of one‟s words and behaviors. “s elf” has the most important value and the society is only the method to realize “self”.Secondly, as a thought of political democracy, individualism opposes any intervention from authority, nation, collective or individuals. It put high value on the s logan of “free government” which leads to the spread of anarchism. Thirdly, as a thought of economy and possession system, individualism advocates sustaining private system of possessions.In American‟s social values, Equal opportunity and personal freed om are the basic foundation for every member of the society to achieve their self-fulfillment. Andliberty and equality have the tightest link with Individualism, so Individualism is viewed as the basic social value for American people. In Habits of the Heart the author Robert Bellah, Richard Madsen pointed out that Individualism was the core of American value. Americans believed in personal dignity and the sacred rights which were inviolable.The value system of individualism is mainly seen in the following fields: individual is the center and core of all values; society is the means to the realization of personal goals in which individual is the only purpose; morally speaking, all men are created equal and each person is entitled to free choice of life style. Since the birth of individualism, it has been influencing American society and has penetrated into every aspects of American life.Individualists considered that the function of a nation was to supply service for individual development. The aim of the activities of human beings was self-interests even sometimes this self-centered system developed into egoism. Individualists advocated that one should live by his or her own lifestyle and it is one‟s personal rights to live without the correspondence to the conformity. There are obviously different explanations in the Catholic Encyclopedia: Individualism is not the opposite of socialism, except in a very general and incomplete way. Individualism is scarcely a principle for it exhibits too many degrees, and it is too general to be called a theory or a doctrine. It means that the individual conscience or the individual reason is not merely the decisive subjective rule; rather it has no objective authority or standard which is bound to take into account.In American society, different people have different understanding of Individualism. Most American believed that it is self-reliance, self-improvement, self-expression, the forces to personal success and social development. Benjamin Franklin was the successful representative of Individualism in the early American history. Benjamin Franklin who was born very poor, gained his success through his hard working which was considered the only way to wealth at that time.Americans have prized success through individual efforts. The heroes they have shaped, whether it is the white settlers expanding westward or American soldiersfighting overseas, police officers or firefighters, generally have similar traits: individualism. They are independent, self-confidence and have a strong will, and finally they achieve their goals and cherish their values. We can went back to the hero Hiccup in How to train your dragon. Tough Hiccup was influenced by the traditional tribe of the Vikings, when he met with Toothless, he didn‟t comply with the old rules to kill Toothless, but followed his own wishes to attempt to get on with Toothless. Finally, he found his own unique way to get on well with Toothless, thus, achieved his own wish and realized his goal. In this movie, individual spirit again has been fully represented.4.2 Democratic SpiritTo understand the democratic spirit of the American, we should have a brief talk about democracy. According to one definition, democracy is a political system in which all the members of the society have an equal share of formal political power. In modern representative democracy, this formal equality is embodied primarily in the right to vote. Democracy is a non-violent alternative to civil war. It involves the casting of votes to determine the winner of the side to govern the country. It can also encompass social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination.Based on the concept of democracy, democratic spirit highlights America's sense of social equality and mutual respect. Americans are anti-authorities, they neither obey to absolute authority, nor surrender under the authority of the leaders. From the colonial period, the pilgrims have put a strict supervision on their power. People have the freedom to put judgments on their leaders, anyone would without exception even those who are the president enjoying a high prestige and great honor such as Washington, Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Roosevelt Americans pay attention to working hard not empty talk. Early pioneer spirit has been passing down. To the Americans life is of survival and development, adapting and changing the environment, making it more suitable for their life. Americans believe that everyone can be someone and filled with practical spirit. Americans are inclined to legal reform not violent revolution. In hundreds of years of political of the United States, when divergences or branched were emerged, that would tend to settle them down bynegotiation or national discussion.Democratic spirit is a spirit of pursuing freedom and equality. It is emphasis greatly in America. Today heroes are free from excessive political and social controls, and they have an equal right to express their own ideas and an equal chance for success. In the film called Milk, Harvey Milk was the first gay rights activist and politician in American history. He once said, “Politics is not important, win or lose, as long as you make an announcement, I'm in here, then they will receive attention.” He fought the right for gay people. So we can say American people have an equal chance to control their destiny and cherish their own values. This movie delivers a democratic spirit to us.Of course, in the film how to train your dragon also show us this typical American spirit. Hiccup didn‟t unquestionablely stick on the stereotype having existed from many years, but made a breakthrough to form a newly idea from dragons. On the other hand, the heroine Astrid also gave a fully respect and comprehension to Hiccup‟ standpoint after knowing the partnership between Hiccup and Toothless.4.3 American Dream and American Spirit“I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I ha d a right too, liberty or death. If I could not have one, I would have the other. American spirit has an effect on how Americans live today. Someone who has pride and respect for our country and feeling in their heart is someone with American spirit. Someone who fight for their country, someone who is open minded, someone who goes out of their way to dress up to show their pride and patriotism.” The sentences above are quoted from a speaker‟s view about American spirit. I think it was a concise summarize to American spirit. Indeed, in many films, we can see that different heroes campaigned for freedom, or fight for evil, they were justice and upright men, and they never gave up. Then let‟s talk about American dream.What is American dream, everyone has his own conception. In my opinion, America dream is a popular belief that hard work will bring forth America's bounty in the form of material well-being. Whoever you are and wherever you were born, you only need to devote yourself to course or business, you will find the life‟s bounty. There is a proverb in china, which is “do not ask hero where he comes from.” So, the American dream tells us don‟t give up easily and do your best. As the films says:today is present and tomorrow is mystery. If you are going to act it now, you will have the chance to accomplish your dream. We used to connect American dream with American spirit together for their conception are mutual involved.In the early year of American history, many immigrants chose to leave the older European society because they believed that they had a better chance to succeed in America. Many people think highly of self-made men, because they have a spirit of struggling. Hollywood shapes a lot of civilian heroes, and anybody can be a hero like businessmen, lawyer, police officers, firefighters and doctors. They can achieve American dream if they work hard and keep going. Apparently we can find the trace of American dream and spirit from Hiccup. He has been struggling to fight with the huge dragon, to do all his best to make the other Vikings accepted his cognition about the real nature of dragon. The film finally ended with a warm-hearting and hopeful ending. Though Hiccup remained only one leg, meanwhile, Toothless merely has half tail, when they tow stood together, they seemed to make a complementary to each other. They were disabled, none would despise them or keep distance from them, on the contrary, they regarded them as their heroes. Their future still full of hope and wonder. With the future mindness, both Hiccup and Toothless and all Vikings would look ahead for their vigorous future.V Characteristics of Chinese HeroAfter analysing the characteristics of American hero, we know that the characters of American hero are mainly influenced by its individual spirit, independence and expected for freedom, which formed personal heroism view. However, the characters of Chinese hero are deeply influenced by collectivism and Confucian culture. In this part, the author will analyse three typical characters of Chinese hero.5.1 Elegant and AffinityIn China, due to a few thousand years of Confucian culture and the feudal autocratic monarchy, China's hero image on the film is the embodiment of justice, gentle and kind hearted. So to speak, almost heroes in China have the affinity-based character and are elegant type.Under the influence of Confucianism in China that is ceremonies, so most heroes of the movie looks gentle, not rough, scholars concentrated flavor, such as the Bai Li in Tiger et Dragon, Chong Linghu in Swordsman Such images meet people‟s traditional “refined” aesthetic standards. They are the typical types of elegant hero.On the other hand, China does not pay attention to the heroism of “conceit, but only I can do”, but believe in solidarity that all people are brothers under the earth, so the movie characters are the same as brothers and sisters next door, very friendly, very accommodating, in another word, they are all affinity Such as Wuji Zhang in Dragon by day, Tao in “way back, such as coax”, Xiaolan Ji in Iron Eloquent Ji Xiaolan, etc.5.2 Sacrifice SpiritIn many films, we can see that most heroes would sacrifice their individual interest for the interest of the country. Such as Huang Feihong---a great hero from China and Huo Yuanjia---a respectable patriot who fought till death before surrendered. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in。
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Similarities and differences between Chinese and western heroismA hero is the eternal topic of human.Its definition will be different with the change of nationality, culture, time, personal differences.Every culture could shape unique hero.Heroism is the fundamental and abundant source of force which will push continuously the historic progress, social development, and abundance of humanity. It is a kind of reflect about specific cultural pursuit .To a certain extent; it influences the development of human society. This paper will analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese and western heroism by guan you and Achilles characters' comparison and discuss the reason causing the difference.Essence of hero is that when human face death, nature, society and various alien force that oppresses and distorts man,resulting in producing a positive and intense willing of life which has the courage to break through and fight the retreat.Because of this, hero worship associated with human society comes into being and throughout human society .We can say heroism in promoting the development of human society has indelible influence. But heroism is not abstract and rootless exist,It needs to inoculate in specific realities,different cultural background and value system will portray a different type of hero.This paper will analyze similarities and differences between Chinese and western heroism by the comparison of the two heroes.Although Guan you and Achilles belong to different eras, the road of achievement has some similarities, the faith of building business is one of them. In the last years, the Han dynasty chaos on the one hand, the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. on the other hand,Dong zhuo mutinies. We can even say guan yu lives in a troubled time.But it is so-called "a hero is known in the time”, and such turbulent days give guan you an opportunity to achieve his career. When the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising, Guan yu adheres the belief of serving our country and building great career and became brothers with lie bee. Since then, guan you with his loyalty, follows Liu bee for war, grabs you jin and pang de, water floods seven armies. All without exception shows his belief of building a solid career.Similarly, Achilles' road of hero and his belief of building a solid career are closely linked.In Homer epic poems, we can clearly realize Achilles is an individualism supreme hero. Because of the hero's honor, he participated in the Trojan war (although he had predicted his death).But in order to get the honor,he must establish great exploits. He is ever victorious, especially in the Trojan war, he kills the captain of Troy, Hector,and becomes the greatest hero in Greek history. Thus, a hero'sachievement needs a firm belief to support.Historically, we can say guan yu is model of the loyalty and brave. People admire his extraordinarily brave, but also they are shocked and moved. by the unbending spirit altogether.For example, from the thing that guan yu fails in Madison to see,guan yu loses the jingzhou for carelessness. Lv meng make its pieces, and sent soldiers heavily to surround them. Liu feng listens to the gossip,and refuse to send troops to rescue, causing guan yu into despair. Dongwu sent ZhuGeJin to persuade, but guanyu refuses to take the bait and says:”if the city is broken,I would just die. The Jade can be broken,but this does not change its white. The bamboo can be consumed,but it does not destroy its section. Although My body is dead,The reputation cancirculate down.It shows that Guan yu's the heroism of paying attention to the great-hearted.Although Achilles' temperament of hero more displays in its personal honor, the same heroism still deserve our respect. In the Trojan war,when Agamemnon claims to rob his beloved female slave, he angrily says: I don't want to let people despise and stay here for you to increase wealth. He publicly rebukes Agamemnon that harms others to benefit oneself and refuse to fight. Obviously, he's not for finance and slaves but for his heroical honor.But the unbending heroism also still let us appreciates.Since the six dynasties began,Guanyu was worshiped by different generations of people constantly.After the three kingdoms, Guan yu was modeled into a supreme god who melts Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. But the guan yu is really not god,he is only a legendary hero. The hero's most prominent character is "justice" and "brave".The brave is needless to say,fight lvbu,kill huaxioang and attend a banquet with a single-tool. All without exception shows that he is heroic and invincible. As for the righteousness, the author spends an amount of ink crafting elaborately.Here,there are two critical plots,The one is guan yo u’d surrender, another is that Gunny releases cacao in hearing way. But surrendering cacao does forget its resource, he is a righteous man in the world. Although from the overall situation freeing coo is inappropriate, It highlights guan you’s "righteousness". In addition, guan yu has obvious flaws of character.He is self-willed and he keeps the tail from wagging the dog.He is absent without leave,and he forces Macao to fight.In addition,he underestimates the enemy so that he losts the jingzhou and so on. In conclusion, we can see that guan yu’s extreme contradictions of inherent character, but also because of this, it just lets us know a true hero. Achilles’ image does not like other deities who are shaped the abstraction of the sacredness, but it specifically reflects its image of the contradictions and complex. Achilles is a complete and rich "man". His character is complex, emotional and he loves his mother, respects for the elderly, and protects the weak. When Hector’s old father with a gift appeals to allow him to take back the corpse of his son,he gentlely loosens his hands which cuddle his knees and tears with the old father together and soothe the old man to accept his own misfortune. Achilles’ tears not only have the sympathy for the old,but also have the memories for his father and friends. Later, Achilles put Hector’s corpse return his father, and announce that stop siege in twelve days.This makes Hector be buried in whole ritual.He consoles his enemies sincerely and openly and encourage them to be strong enough and endure misery and sadness. This practice is not for the enemy's mercy, but for himself and big sympathy for the whole human. His good nature was showed by this situation and this also appears the characters of demi-gods to have more human characteristics.Collectivism hero view was formed during the period of savage to civilization in human society step by step ,and finally became spiritual values with collective consciousness. It belongs to the value judgment in ideology. It establishes Specific figures those who has the Lofty, solemn and stirring, defiant and enterprising character as example in social groups. The purpose into promote this social groups for the most perfect, the most noble, most represent overall interests ambitious targets in a particular period, And to call, encouraging and incentive social all men mimic the character, in order to achieve or complete the cause the ultimate goal.Confucian culture spread far in China, which has been quietly affect the generations of Chinese people for thousands of years. Confucianism, which profound thoughts of moderation is its essence, The doctrine of the mean key lies in the "rite" and "benevolence", Namely,behave properly and make belief firmly in all things. It has three principles,firstly ,self-supervision and self-taught, secondly, loyalty and tolerance, thirdly, the most sincere and the most love. Since the Han dynasty, Confucian, becoming the national orthodox ideology and people's behavior model, has been using by many rulers and flourished in every dynasty. Therefore, in this ideological and cultural background, people's psychological was affected naturedly, but psychological dominate behavior. So, the hero who created by the particular cultural environment, also get the recognition by people. Intensive reading of The Three Kingdoms , we can find that the characters of all shows that the Confucian plot thoughts of moderation. For example, emperor Ding of Jin asks in analects,” Emperor command minister，and minister serve emperor, What’s t he story? Confucius says,’ Emperor command minister with manners, minister serve emperor with honest.’ Remembering Libel three attend to thatched hut with honest completely, Kong Ming ‘give one's all till one's heart stops beating’ as return, He seized Penghu seven times and released seven times in Southern barren land, and went out to battle from I mountain six times. He knew he cannot do but do, just what is called’ A gentleman is ready to die for his bosom friends.’Moreover, from the geographical environment Angle, The birthplace of Oriental culture is China's Yellow River basin, where land is fertile and terrain is flat. The climate is very well, Suitable for developing agricultural production, So agricultural technology advanced and developed. Agricultural production process is complicated, need to cooperate, emphasizing harmony, and evolved the "collective heroism” which emphasize the collective wisdom.Hunting in Fustian for example, Cao coo controls the political situation using emperor governors, He feared everybody defied him, so during the hunting he Grabbed limelight from the emperor Xian in order to test whether ministers were faithful to him. While everyone were grinding their teeth, GuanYu pulled out his sword and want to kill cao cao, but Liu Bei blocked his action.GuanYu asked LiuBei,’ Cao cao was bullying the emperor, I want to kill him for the kingdom, why did elder brother stop me ?’LiuBei said,” Glass house should not throw stones. Cao cao and the emperor's too close, he is surrounded by a lot of help.If you delay the proper business,and hurt the emperor just because a great anger,we are also guilty.’ thus it can be seen, Liu Bei who can recognize the situation for the big picture, waiting for an opportunity for another meaningful plan,is a wiseman. This is typical of collectivism hero view.Personal heroism means a person who are divorced from the masses, believed personal power very much and to perform certain social mission using heroism thought and behavior. Seeing individualism for the principle, it exaggerated or discomfort local emphasis on individual in social life and the role of historical activities, denying people's power and wisdom. It shows that undeserved reputation, self-righteousness, prided himself on all as the characteristic.First of all, from geographical factors speaking, western culture originated in ancient Greece, where is located in the European Balkan and the Aegean Sea areas.The land area is narrow, the mountain is numerous, Mediterranean climate is given priority to all type of climate, so it is not suitable for developing agricultural production and the productivity is not high.the people in this area live on hunting . these industry can very good outstanding personal power. Those people who are brave and strong will capture more prey whith individual effort, So personal heroism was born.Moreover, from the cultural aspects look, ancient Greek culture mainly comes from theGreek myth, But the Greek mythology lack of a unified of moral criteria.instead, They use "perfect" rather than the "quality" as the evaluation standard of things. Therefore, westerners are rarely prim, this helps their character especially creative development.But also because of this, They are too pursuit of material interests and sensory stimulation without the ethical bondage,thus personal desires will unlimited expansion,Agamemnon invaded other countries without scruple in the work of Troy reflected that very well.Illustrated by the example of the battle between the Greece and the 沙斯里. Both sides did not launch the large-scale killing between army like what China did. Achilles and巴古力斯to battle on behalf of the two countries. Win or lose to set the country with personal success or failure.Eventually Achilles prevailed, 沙斯里fell at feet. This is typical of personalattention-seeking behavior.As is already mentioned, guan yu takes part in the army because of his loyalty for country, and the belief of building great career.He participate in the war for years with liubei,meanwhile, though they are busy running about and depending on others for living and frustration. He always abides by the oath of Serving my country and making the people stable,and he never forgets the oath. For example,when he heard the track of liubei,he resolutely loses the print and runs to the han. Such behavior is in country's sense of honor.We can say that Guan yu's great-hearted has an influence on his later great career and reputation.Guan yu is called "the saint", and he is the chief of five admirals, so his valorous degree needs not to say.Owning to his wonderful litrary grace and warlike exploits,the later generations becomes more respectful for him. With the flooding seven army as an example, after liubei is named queen,he orders Guan yu to attack the xiangyang and fancheng.Caocao lets the yujin be a marshal and pangde be a pioneer,both of them lead seven armies to attack enemies. Pangde is good at war,Guanyu is almosy defeated by him.Yujin envies panged and withdraws the troops by blowing gongs.Guanyu comes back to the camp and look at the book of war and position of enemes at night.He takes advantages of the freshet in xiang jiang river,flooding the seven armies by switching off and catching the yujin and pangde.We can say that flooding the seven armies is the best reflects of wonderful library grace and warlike exploits.The two points display chiefly “Surrender Cao "and" release Cao ", with the surrendering cao as an example, although Guan yu surrenders Cao cao,he appoints three things with caoao before surrendering him:he only surrenders han emperor, not surrender caocao; Settle Two sister-in-law; If he knows the track of liu, immediately he will find him.From that we can see although guan yu is in the camp,his mind is in the ter,in order to retain guan yu,caocao fetes guan yu every three or five days,gives him gold and silver and beautiful girls,again give him elite houses and great title. But even if such treatment,caocao can not still retain guanyu.When he knows the track of liubei,he abandons everything,pass five obstacles and kill six militaries.From this,we can see that his heroism of loyalty and great-hearted.Before freeing caocao in hua rong way,guanyu had made the pledge. As a seasoned veteran, he knows that consequences of defying pledge,but caocao says:”Do you remember passing five obstacles”,this makes guanyu think his previous grace. For example, caocao gives a robe on the bridge, messengers send messages, ZhangLiao sends the instruction and so on.If caocao is not tolerant,guanyu is difficult to pass through so many hurdles.Thinking aboutit,guanyu lets them go. Generations of people not only blame him,but also they praise guanyuthat he pays attention to the great-hearted and repay grace. People take the release of caocao as a good thing.Losing jingzhou due to carelessness is a vivid portraiture.Though he builds so many merits, and becomes the famous general, he also becomes arrogant and defiant. Because of this,he forgets zhugeliang's words that the strategy of rejecting caocao in the north and uniting sunquan in the east.It makes himself into the danger which are threatened from both quarters.He readily believes luxun's words which is false and adulate and underestimates the power of dongwu.He rashly takes away so many defenders in jingzhou so that lvmeng and luxun gets an opportunity.Until the end, he also don't listen to the opinions of others, and reject Wingfu's correct advice. When he sallies, he does not listen to the WangFu's warning of "having the ambush in the way",and say: "although there is the ambush,I am not afraid!" Eventually he was captured and Killed by enemies.So we can say that he was pushed the ending of tragedy by the self-important character and become a failing hero.Though Achilles is a hero,he also has weaknesses. For example,when Agamemnon wants to occupy the beautiful captive who was captured by Achilles,he publicly rebukes Agamemnon who harms others to benefit oneself and refuses to fight. The behaviour which he blames Agamemnon is correct,but but stubborn war is inappropriate behavior.Becouse as the chief commander, his lead role for troops and morale boost can not be replaced by others. In the Greek army, it really can't find the general who can oppose Hector.So if he does not lead soldiers to charge forward,the soldiers will be like a group of soulless stragglers.while his truce also brings a lot of inevitable losses, eventually led to sacrifice of Patoroklos.At this time,he only thinks of his personal interests, his reputation and women,and forgets the life of the other innocent soldier is also important,Becouse of the momentary anger, his wayward truce leads the disastrous defeat of Greek military.As the main character of epic work in the theme of war,they must reflect then national spirit. Epic characters often show the full power of the nation by their own personality,and the major heroic image is just live and real. Personality of Achilles is the character of typical national spirit.He wants to cry and cry,wants to smile and smile,wants to murder and murder,wants to sleep and sleep.He is a undisguised person and his body and soul are bare. Even he is cruel,but he also is somewhat frank and cherubic. He is bold,unrestrained and restless.He loves adventures and advocates of force. He obviously shows the Greek pursuit for freedom and heroism of advocating force.Although Achilles is a mythical figure, but the author has given his complex andmulti-layered humanity. He is the greatest hero in Greek army and he is courageous and fearless.He is the soul of the Greek army and he plays a pivotal role for the later victory of the war.But he also exists many weaknesses. For example, after he kills Hector,he makes his corpse to nail the chariot and drive it to parade.He ignores the sadness in the Trojan,it shows that his measures is very cruel.This accords with the characteristic of leaders in the tribe which is transiting from Slave society to the primitive society.Afterwards he again attacks Troy and he ignores Apollo's dissuasion and talk wildly to Apollo, eventually he was shot by arrows from hiding. Above we can see Achilles is also a cruel, capricious and obstinate person.To sum up,we can see that the Chinese heroical culture is collectivistic by analyzing guan you and Achilles characters' comparison and it is the hope of the whole nation. Many times, this also is a kind of symbolic spiritual symbol,they looks like the sacred heroes who beyond theaverage persons.while the heroical culture in the Western reflects the personal volitive freedom, it often expresses to establish individual merit and the achievement of personal status in the history. The Western heroes usually are "superman" who can save mankind and nations,they reflects a kind of visual concrete.After learning about one month, I finally complete the paper.From contacting the topic of paper to the realization of the system, every step is a kind of new attempt and challenge. During this time, I learn a lot of knowledge and there is also a lot of feeling. In order to write the paper, I look through many relevant information and literature. This makes my mind gradually form a clear framework and let the work constantly enrich. Although the paper has many shortcomings, the process of writing makes me get more benefits. I hope that this experience can make me to continue the progress in the subsequent work and study.。