医学英文文献阅读 高殿帅PPT课件
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
by IL-10/IL-4 in adult neural stem ceFra Baidu bibliotekls.
题名
• 注意句法结构：完整的句子？ 特定的词组？
• 注意内容结构：处理因素 实验对象 实验效应（观察指标）
题名分析
Death receptors and caspases but not mitochondria are activated in the
Neurons
• Neurotrophic factors, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), promote survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, but the death pathways activated in the dopaminergic neurons by deprivation of these factors are poorly studied. We show here that deprivation of GDNF or BDNF triggers a novel mitochondria-independent death pathway in the cultured embryonic dopaminergic neurons: cytochrome c was not released from the mitochondria to cytosol, proapoptotic protein Bax was not activated, and overexpressed Bcl-xL did not block the death. Caspases were critically required, because the death was completely blocked by caspase inhibitor BAF [boc-aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone] and overexpression of dominantnegative mutants of caspase-9, -3, and -7 significantly blocked the death. Also, the death receptor pathway was involved, because blockage of caspase-8 or FADD (Fas-associated protein with death domain), an adapter required for caspase-8 activation, inhibited death induced by GDNF or BDNF deprivation. Ligation of Fas by agonistic anti-Fas antibody induced apoptosis in the GDNF- or BDNFmaintained neurons, and inhibition of Fas by Fas-Fc chimera blocked the death of GDNF- or BDNF-deprived neurons, whereas FAIML (long isoform of Fas apoptosis inhibitorymolecule) could control the activity of Fas in the dopaminergic neurons.
学术论文具有四大特点：①学术性 ②科学性 ③ 创造性 ④理论性
学术论文（科研文章）
• 学术论文的形态结构（格式） • 传递学术论文信息的语言单位 • 理解学术论文的三层境界
题名
题名是以最恰当、最简洁的词语反映学术论文中最重要的 特定内容的逻辑组合。
题名应该具有吸引力。
题名举例
• Neural stem and progenitor cells retain their potential for proliferation and differentiation into functional neurons despite lower number in aged brain.
GDNF- or BDNF-deprived dopaminergic neurons
摘要
20世纪60年代国外首先提出科技论文应附摘要，《中华医 学杂志》英文版1972年也提出要求附摘要。
20世纪80年代加拿大温哥华一个研究小组进一步提出结构 式摘要，即要求摘要写法分成四部分，分别冠以标题，使 读者无需查阅正文即可基本了解实质性内容。
摘要
• 摘要具有独立性和自含性，即不阅读全文，就能获得必要 的信息。
• 摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、材料与方法、结果、结论 等，而重点是结果和结论。
Death Receptors and Caspases But Not Mitochondria Are
Activated in the GDNF- or BDNF-Deprived Dopaminergic
综述
• 发展的轨迹（线索） • 现状的总结（归纳） • 指出存在的问题 • 提出解决问题的策略
不是今天要的内容！有机会再讲。
医学学术论文
学术论文是某一学术课题在实验性、理论性或观 测性上具有新的科学研究成果或创新见解的知识 和科学记录；或是某种已知原理应用于实际中取 得新进展的科学总结，用以提供学术会议上宣读、 交流或讨论；或在学术刊物上发表；或作其他用 途的书面文件。
• Radial glia-like cells persist in the adult rat brain. • Noggin expands neural stem cells in the adult
hippocampus. • Upregulation of chemokine receptor expression
题名
• 注意句法结构：完整的句子？ 特定的词组？
• 注意内容结构：处理因素 实验对象 实验效应（观察指标）
题名分析
Death receptors and caspases but not mitochondria are activated in the
Neurons
• Neurotrophic factors, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), promote survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, but the death pathways activated in the dopaminergic neurons by deprivation of these factors are poorly studied. We show here that deprivation of GDNF or BDNF triggers a novel mitochondria-independent death pathway in the cultured embryonic dopaminergic neurons: cytochrome c was not released from the mitochondria to cytosol, proapoptotic protein Bax was not activated, and overexpressed Bcl-xL did not block the death. Caspases were critically required, because the death was completely blocked by caspase inhibitor BAF [boc-aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone] and overexpression of dominantnegative mutants of caspase-9, -3, and -7 significantly blocked the death. Also, the death receptor pathway was involved, because blockage of caspase-8 or FADD (Fas-associated protein with death domain), an adapter required for caspase-8 activation, inhibited death induced by GDNF or BDNF deprivation. Ligation of Fas by agonistic anti-Fas antibody induced apoptosis in the GDNF- or BDNFmaintained neurons, and inhibition of Fas by Fas-Fc chimera blocked the death of GDNF- or BDNF-deprived neurons, whereas FAIML (long isoform of Fas apoptosis inhibitorymolecule) could control the activity of Fas in the dopaminergic neurons.
学术论文具有四大特点：①学术性 ②科学性 ③ 创造性 ④理论性
学术论文（科研文章）
• 学术论文的形态结构（格式） • 传递学术论文信息的语言单位 • 理解学术论文的三层境界
题名
题名是以最恰当、最简洁的词语反映学术论文中最重要的 特定内容的逻辑组合。
题名应该具有吸引力。
题名举例
• Neural stem and progenitor cells retain their potential for proliferation and differentiation into functional neurons despite lower number in aged brain.
GDNF- or BDNF-deprived dopaminergic neurons
摘要
20世纪60年代国外首先提出科技论文应附摘要，《中华医 学杂志》英文版1972年也提出要求附摘要。
20世纪80年代加拿大温哥华一个研究小组进一步提出结构 式摘要，即要求摘要写法分成四部分，分别冠以标题，使 读者无需查阅正文即可基本了解实质性内容。
摘要
• 摘要具有独立性和自含性，即不阅读全文，就能获得必要 的信息。
• 摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、材料与方法、结果、结论 等，而重点是结果和结论。
Death Receptors and Caspases But Not Mitochondria Are
Activated in the GDNF- or BDNF-Deprived Dopaminergic
综述
• 发展的轨迹（线索） • 现状的总结（归纳） • 指出存在的问题 • 提出解决问题的策略
不是今天要的内容！有机会再讲。
医学学术论文
学术论文是某一学术课题在实验性、理论性或观 测性上具有新的科学研究成果或创新见解的知识 和科学记录；或是某种已知原理应用于实际中取 得新进展的科学总结，用以提供学术会议上宣读、 交流或讨论；或在学术刊物上发表；或作其他用 途的书面文件。
• Radial glia-like cells persist in the adult rat brain. • Noggin expands neural stem cells in the adult
hippocampus. • Upregulation of chemokine receptor expression