环境工程专业英语试题
最新环境科学与工程专业英语 (1)题库
考试题库祝考试顺利环境科学与工程专业英语环境科工程环环英环学与U3 What is waste reduction/waste minimization?句子环1.英中(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit onshelf too long become wasted.因环置太久而失去使用价环的原料环成环品。
,(2Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不环部分或环酸洗液的环环不足环致反环物利用率不高～增加环物环理环用和替代物环环用。
会;,3Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic洛克希德成功地把性环化物环水浴环环成环了酸性非环化物环水浴。
碱noncyanide cadminum bath.;,4Don’t try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要走老路。
环环合作伴～分享理念。
伙环环英环中2.垃圾减量化垃圾最小化～在…环程中～家环Waste reduction/waste minimization /in-process housekeeping管理～环环改环～环物埋环～填能环行生物降解的溶环～equipment modificationlandfillsbiodegradable solvents环定的化物环～学管理委环。
英语环境科学英语40题
英语环境科学英语40题1. Which of the following is a renewable resource?A. CoalB. OilC. WindD. Natural gas答案：C。
本题考查可再生资源的概念。
选项 A 煤炭、选项 B 石油和选项 D 天然气都是不可再生资源，而选项 C 风能是可再生资源。
2. What causes air pollution?A. PlantsB. Clean waterC. Factory emissionsD. Beautiful scenery答案：C。
本题考查造成空气污染的原因。
选项A 植物有助于净化空气；选项 B 清洁的水与空气污染无关；选项 D 美丽的风景也不会导致空气污染；而选项C 工厂排放物会造成空气污染。
3. Which of the following is not a way to save water?A. Taking short showersB. Leaving the tap runningC. Fixing leaky faucetsD. Using a bucket to wash the car答案：B。
本题考查节约用水的方法。
选项 A 缩短淋浴时间、选项 C 修理漏水的水龙头和选项 D 用桶洗车都是节约用水的方式；选项B 让水龙头一直开着会浪费水。
4. What is the main cause of deforestation?A. Planting more treesB. Building housesC. WildfiresD. Logging for wood答案：D。
本题考查森林砍伐的主要原因。
选项A 种植更多树木是保护森林；选项B 建造房屋不是主要原因；选项C 野火可能导致部分树木受损，但不是主要的砍伐原因；选项D 为获取木材而伐木是导致森林砍伐的主要原因。
5. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon dioxideD. Hydrogen答案：C。
环境工程专业英语试题
一、英汉互译1. oxidizing agent——氧化剂2. activated sludge——活性污泥3. water purification——水净化4. protozoa——原生动物5. nitrogen dioxide——二氧化氮6. phosphate——磷酸盐7. the dew point——露点 8. food additives——食品添加剂9. chemical plant——化工厂 10.primary air pollutant——一次大气污染物11.qualitative analysis——定性分析 12.environmental problem——环境问题13.incomplete combustion——不完全燃烧 14.photochemical oxidants——光化学氧化剂15.suspented solid——悬浮固体 16.气布比——air to cloth ratio17.一氧化碳——carbon monoxide 18.酵母——yeast19.紫外线——ultraviolet light 20.反向渗透——reverse osmosis21.水资源——water resource 22.有机物质——organic matter23.地表水——surface water 24.引风机——draft fan25.生物鉴定——bioassay 26.副产品——by-products27.环境容量——environmental capacity 28.供水，给水——water supply29.吸附——adsorption 30.环境污染——environmental pollution二、英译汉1.Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to bethe primary objective in many areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection of fishing areas, and maintenance of recreational waters are additional concerns today.污染控制的最初目的是保护公众的健康，在许多地方这仍然是主要目的。
环境工程专业英语考核附答案及评分标准.doc
draw?)在写作结果和结论部分时，一般都要尽量结合实验结果或仿真结果的图、表、曲线等来加以说明，使结论部分言之有物，有根有据；同时，对那些看不懂中文的英文读者来说，通过这些图表，结合英文摘要的说明就可以比较清楚地了解论文的结果和结论。
也只有这样，论文的结论才有说服力。
如有可能，在结尾部分还可以将论文的结果和他人最新的研究结果进行比较，以突出论文的主要贡献和创新、独到之处(回答What is new and original in this paper)。
2. 4如何提高英文摘要的文字效能水解酸化一SBR工艺处理果汁废水的研究摘要：采用水解酸化-SBR工艺，对浓缩果汁生产废水处理进行了试验研究，结果表明：当进水COD浓度为3 500-5000 mg/L, pH为6 • 5-7 • 5, 在水解酸化池水力停留时间为8 h, SBR反应池MLSS浓度3500—4 000 mg/L,进水15min,曝气7h,沉淀1 h,出水15min的条件下，出水COD去除率保持在97%以上，SS 去除率达93%以上。
且以水解酸化作为预处理单元可去除果汁废水中的SS达78%以上,为后续SBR工艺的稳定运行创造有利条件,提高组合工艺的整体效果。
关键词：果汁废水水解酸化SBR COD SS参考答案：Study on treatment of syrup wastewater with hydro Iys i s ac i d i f i cat ion-SBR techno IogyAbstract：An exper imentaI study on syrup wastewater treatment with hydro I ys i s ac i d i f i cat i on-SBR techno I ogy was carr i ed out The resu I ts showed that when the COD of i nf I uentwas3 500〜5 OOOmg/L and the pH of i nf I uent was 6. 5〜7. 5, COD and SS remova I rates of the wastewater were over 97% and 93% through the comb i ned techno I ogy, the opt ima I HRT of hydrol ys i s ac i d i f i ca tion was 8h, the opt i ma I MLSS concentration of SBR was about3 500~4 000 mg/L, the times for inflow, aera tion, settlement and outf I ow were 15 m in, 7 h, 1 h and 15 min, respect ive ly. The exper i mentaI so demonstrated that the SS was removed most Iy through the hydrolys is acidification process (more than 78% ), wh ich can create a su itab Ie cond iti on for the subsequent SBR process and enhance the eff i c i ency of the comb i ned technology.Key words：syrup wastewater; hydrolysis acidification; SBR; COD; SS。
环境工程专业英语复习(二)
1.Four characteristics of community structure(空间分布)physical appearance, species diversity or richness（多样性）, species abundance（丰度）, niche structure（生态地位结构）.2.Three major factors affect species diversity: latitude（纬度）in terrestrial communities（地球群落）; depthin aquatic system; pollution in aquatic system（水环境）.3.Where is most of the W orld’s Biodiversity Found?Tropical rain forests, coral reefs, the deep sea, largetropical lakes.4.What determines the number of species on island?Size and degree of isolation（隔离程度）.5.Four types of species:native species（本土物种）: normally live and thrive（繁衍）in a particular ecosystem; nonnative species: migrate into an ecosystem or are deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem by humans;indicator species（指示性生物）: serves early warnings of damage to a community or an ecosystem(Birds are excellent biological indicators because they are found almost everywhere and respond quickly toenvironmental change.); keystone species（关键物种）: the roles of some species in an ecosystem are much more important than their abundance or biomass suggests.6.Five basic types of interaction between species: interspecific competition, predation（掠夺）, parasitism（寄生）, mutualism（互利共生）, commensalism（共生）7.Intraspecific competition: competition between members of the same species for the same resources.Interspecific competition: competition between members of two or more different species for food, space, or any other limited resource.8.What is the competitive exclusion principle?Sometimes one species eliminates another species in aparticular area through competition for limited resources.9.How have some species reduced or avoided competition? One way this happens is through resourcepartitioning，the dividing up of scarce（紧缺的）resources so that species with similar needs use them(1) at different times, (2)in different ways, (3)in different places.10.Symbiosis: a relationship in which species live together in an intimate associatio n（密切联合）. Three types:parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.11.Parasitism: occurs when one species feeds on part of another organism by living on or in the host（宿主）.In this relationship, the parasite（寄生物）benefits and the host is harmed.12.Mutualism: two species involved in a symbiotic relationship interact in ways that benefit both. Suchbenefits include(1)having pollen and seeds dispersed for reproduction, (2)being supplied with food,or(3)receiving protection.mensalism: a symbiotic interaction that benefits one species but neither harms nor helps the otherspecies much, if at all.14.Tectonic plates: both convection currents and mantle plumes move upward as the heated material isdisplaced by denser, cooler material sinking under the influence of gravity. These flows of energy and heated material in the mantle convection cells cause movement of rigid plates.Plate tectonics（构造板块）: The theory explaining the movement of the plates and the processes that occur at their boundaries.15.Mineral: an element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally and is solid.16.Rock: any material that makes up a large, natural, continuous part of the earth’s crust.17.Three major rock types and their characteristics: Igneous rock（火成岩）, sedimentary rock（水成岩）,metamorphic rock（变质岩）.18.Rock cycle: Rocks are constantly exposed to various physical and chemical conditions that can changethem over time. The interaction of processes that change rocks from one type to another.19.Earthquakes: stress in earth’s crust can cause solid rock to deform until it suddenly fractures and shiftsalong the fracture, producing a fault. The faulting or a later abrupt movement on an existing fault causes anearthquake.20.Risk: the possibility of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury, disease, economic loss, orenvironmental damage. Risk is expressed in terms of probability: a mathematical statement about how likely it is that some event or effect will occur.21.Risk assessment（评估）: （1）identifying a real or potential hazard, （2）determining the probability of itsoccurrence, （3）and assessing the severity（严重程度）of its health, environmental, economic, and social impact. Risk management: ⑪serious it is compared to other risks, ⑫how much the risk should bereduced, ⑬how such risk reduction can be accomplished, and ⑭how much money should be devoted to reducing the risk to an acceptable level.22.What determines whether a chemical is harmful? Whether a chemical is harmful depends on ⑪the sizeof the dose over a certain period of time,⑫how often an exposure occurs, ⑬who is exposed, ⑭how well the body’s detoxification systems work, an d⑮genetic makeup that determines an individual’s sensitivity toa particular toxic.23.Poison: a chemical that has an LD50 of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight.24.Toxic chemicals: defined as substances that are fatal to more than 50% of test animals (LD50) at givenconcentrations.25.Mutagens: agents, such as chemicals and ionizing radiation, that cause random mutation, or changes, in theDNA molecules found in cells.26.Teratogens: chemicals radiation, or viruses that cause birth defects while the human embryo is growing anddeveloping during pregnancy, especially during the first 3 months.27.Nontransmissible disease: not caused by living organisms and does not spread from one person to another.Transmissible disease: caused by a living organism and can be spread from one person to another.Risk analysis: ⑪identifying hazards and evaluating their associated risks, ⑫ranking risks, ⑬determining options and making decisions about reducing or eliminating risks, and ⑭informing decision makers and the public about risks.28.Populations grow or decline through the interplay of three factors: births, deaths, and migration.Population change: calculated by subtracting the number of people leaving a population from the number entering it during a specific period of time:Population change= (Births + Immigration)-(Deaths + Emigration)29.Factors affect birth rate and fertility rates:①importance of children as a part of the labor force; ②urbanization; ③cost of raising and educating children; ④educational and employment opportunities for women; ⑤infant mortality rate（夭折率）, ⑥average age at marriage, ⑦availability（有效性）of private and public pension system（抚恤金体系）, ⑧availability of legal abortions; ⑨availability of reliable birth control methods; ⑩religious beliefs（宗教信仰）, traditions, and cultural norms（规范）.30.Factor affects death rate: two useful indicators（指标）of overall health of people in a country or regionare (1)life expectancy and (2)the infant mortality rate.31.age structure: the proportion of the population at each age level. Demographers typically construct apopulation age structure diagram by plotting the percentages or numbers of males and females in the total population in each of three age categories: (1)prereproductive, (2)reproductive, and (3)postreproductive 32.Three system provide Us with food: (1)croplands（耕地）(mostly for producing grains, which provideabout 76% of the world’s food); (2)rangelands牧场(which supply about 17% of the world’s food);(3)oceanic fisheries海洋渔业(which supply about 7% of the world’s food).33.What plants and animals feed the world? Although the earth has perhaps 30,000plants species with partsthat people can eat, only 15plant and 8 terrestrial animal species supply an estimated 90% of our global intake of caloriesMajor types of food production: industrialized agriculture(high-input agriculture); plantation agriculture大垦殖农业; Traditional subsistence agriculture传统温饱型农业; traditional intensive agriculture传统集约耕作.34.Green revolution: most of the increase in global food production has come from increased yields per unitof area of cropland in a process.35.Three steps of green revolution: (1)developing and planting monocultures of selectively bred orgenetically engineered high-yield varieties of key crops such as rice, wheat, and corn; (2)producing high yields by using large inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, and water on crops;(3)increasing the number of crops grown per year on a plot of land through multiple cropping.36.Undernutrition: people who cannot grow or buy enough food to meet their basic energy needs.37.Malnutrition: people who are forced to live on a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet consisting only ofgrains such as wheat, rice, or corn.38.What are the environmental effects of producing food? Future ability to produce more food will belimited by a combination of (1)soil erosion侵蚀, (2)desertification沙漠化, (3)salinization and waterlogging 水浸of irrigated lands, (4)water deficits and droughts, (5)loss of wild species that provide the genetic resources for improved foams of foods, and (6)the effects of global warming.39.Important properties of water: (1)there are strong forces of attraction between molecules of water;(2)water sexists as liquid over a wide temperature range because of the strong forces of attraction betweenmolecules; (3)liquid water changes temperature very slowly because it can store a large amount of heat without a large change in temperature; (4)it takes a lot of heat to evaporate liquid water because of the strong forces of attraction between its molecules; (5)liquid water can dissolve a variety of compounds;(6)water molecules can break down into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, which help maintain a balancebetween acids and bases in cells, as measured by the pH of water solutions; (7)the strong attractive forces between the molecules of liquid water cause its surface to contract and to adhere to and coat a solid;(8)water filters out wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation that would harm some aquatic organism; (9)unlikemost liquid, water expands when it freezes40.Surface runoff: precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation.41.Groundwater: some precipitation infiltrates the ground and percolates downward through voids in soil androck.42.Recharge area: any area of land through which water passes downward or laterally into an aquifer.43.Natural recharge: aquifers are replenished naturally by precipitation that percolates downward through soiland rock in what is called ~44.How can we increase freshwater supplies? Six ways to increase the supply of fresh water in a particulararea are to (1)build dams and reservoirs to store runoff, (2)bring in surface water from another area,(3)withdraw groundwater, (4)convert salt water to fresh water, (5)waste less water, and (6)import food toreduce water use.45.Advantages of withdrawing groundwater: (1)can be removed as needed year round, (2)is not lost byevaporation, and (3)usually is less expensive to develop than surface water systems.46.Disadvantages of withdrawing groundwater: (1)water table lowering, (2)aquifer depletion, (3)aquifersubsidence; (4)intrusion of salt water into aquifers, (5)drawing of chemical contamination in groundwater toward wells, and (6)reduced stream flow.47.Desalination: removing dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish groundwater. Two majordisadvantages: it is expensive because it takes large amounts of energy; it produces large quantities of wastewater containing high level of salt and other minerals.48.Floodplain: heavy rain or rapid melting of snow is the major cause of natural flooding by streams. Thiscauses water in a stream to overflow its normal channel and flood the adjacent area.49.Methods of reducing flood risks: (1)straightening and deepening streams; (2)building levees; (3)buildingdams; (4)restoring wetlands to take advantage of the natural flood control provided by floodplains;(5)identifying and managing flood-prone areas.50.Petroleum(crude oil): a thick liquid consisting of hundreds of combustible hydrocarbons along with smallamounts of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities.51.Advantage of nuclear: large fuel supply; low environmental impact; emits 1/6 as much CO2 as coal;moderate land disruption and water pollution; moderate land use; low risk of accidents because of multiple safety systems.Disadvantage of nuclear: high cost; low net energy yield; high environmental impact; catastrophicaccidents can happen; no acceptable solution for long-term storage of radioactive wastes anddecommissioning worn-out plants; spreads knowledge and technology for building nuclear weapons.52.Energy effects能源效应: the percentage of total energy input into an energy conversion device or systemthat does useful work and is not converted to low-quality, essentially useless heat.53.Advantage of use solar energy: moderate net energy; moderate environmental impact; no CO2 emissions;fast construction; costs reduced with natural gas turbine backup.Disadvantage: low efficiency; high costs; needs backup or storage system; need access to sun most of the time; high land use; may disturb desert areas.54.Advantage of using solar cells: fairly high net energy; work on cloudy days; quick installation; easilyexpanded or moved; no CO2 emissions; low environmental impacts; last 20-40years; low land use; reduces dependence on fossil fuels.Disadvantage: need access to sun; low efficiency; need electricity storage system or backup; high land use could disrupt desert areas; high costs; DC current must be converted to AC.55.Advantage of using large dams: moderate to high net energy; high efficiency(80%); low-cost electricity;long life span; no CO2 emissions during operation; may provide flood control below dam; provides water for year-round irrigation of crop land; reservoir is useful for fishing and recreation.Disadvantage: high construction costs; high environmental impacts; high CO2 emissions from biomass decay in shallow tropical reservoirs; flood natural areas; converts land habitat to take habitat; danger of collapse; uproots people; decreases fish harvest below dam; decreases flow of natural fertilizer to land below dam.58. Advantage of using wind: moderate to high net energy; high efficiency; moderate capital cost; very lowenvironmental impact; no CO2 emissions; quick construction; easily expanded; land below turbines can be used to grow crops or graze livestock.Disadvantage: steady winds needed; backup systems needed when winds are low; high land use for wind farm; visual pollution; noise when located near populated areas; may interfere in flights of migratory birds and kill birds of prey.59. Advantage of burning solid biomass: large potential supply in some areas; moderate costs; no net CO2increase if harvested and burned sustainably; plantation can be located on semiarid land not needed for crops; plantation can help restore degraded lands; can make use of agricultural, timber, and urban wastes;Disadvantage: nonrenewable if harvested unsustainably; moderate to high environmental impact; CO2 emissions if harvested and burned unsustainably; low photosynthetic efficiency; soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of wildlife habitat; plantation could compete with cropland; often burned in inefficient andpolluting open-fires and stoves,60.Advantage of using geothermal energy: very high efficiency; moderate net energy at accessible sites;lower CO2 emissions than fossil fuels; low cost at favorable sites; low land use; low land disturbance;moderate environmental impact.Disadvantage: scarcity of suitable sites; depleted if used too rapidly; CO2 emissions; moderate to high local air pollution; noise and odor; cost too high expect at the most concentrated and accessible sources.61.Atmosphere: we lived at bottom of a sea of air.62.Troposphere对流层: ~, which expends延伸only about 17 kilometers above sea level at the equator赤道and about 8 kilometers over the poles极地.63.Air pollution: the percentage of one or more chemicals in the atmosphere in sufficient quantities andduration to (1) cause harm to us, other forms of life, and materials or (2)alter climate.64.Photochemical smog: a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants formed under the influence of sunlight.65.Industrial smog: consisting mostly of (1)sulfur dioxide; (2)suspended droplets of sulfuric acid, and (3)avariety of suspended solid particles and droplets.66.Green effects: it occurs because molecules of certain atmospheric gases, warm the lower atmosphere byabsorbing some of the infrared radiation radiated by the earth’s surface.(CO2, CH4, N2O, CFOs, HCFCs, HFCs, Halons, Carbon tetrachloride)67.Global warming: most climate scientists believe that increased inputs of CO2 and other greenhouse gasesfrom human activities will (1)enhance the earth’s natural greenhouse effect and (2)raise the average global temperature of the atmosphere near the earth’s surface.68.Effects of warmer atmosphere: (1)less severe winters; (2)more precipitation in some dry areas; (3)lessprecipitation in some wet areas; (4)increased food production in some areas; (5)expanded population and range for some plant and animal species adapted to higher temperature.69.W ater pollution: any chemicals, biological, or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect onliving organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.70.Point sources: discharge pollutants at specific locations through pipes, ditches, or sewers into bodies ofsurface water.Nonpoint sources: cannot be traced to any single site of discharge. They are usually large land areas or airsheds that pollute water by runoff, subsurface flow, or deposition from the atmosphere.71.Cultural eutrophication: near urban or agricultural areas, human activities can greatly accelerate the inputof plant nutrient to a lake, which results in a process.72. Why is groundwater pollution such a serious problem?(1)storage lagoons, (2)septic tanks, (3)landfills;(4)hazardous waste dumps, and (5)deep injection wells.73.How can we protect groundwater? Contaminated aquifers are almost impossible to clean because oftheir (1)enormous volume, (2)inaccessibility, and (3)slow movement.74.Solid waste: any unwanted or discarded material that is not a liquid or a gas.75.Hazardous waste: legally defined as any discarded solid or liquid material that (1)contains one or more of 39 toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic compounds at levels that exceed established limits,(2)catches fire easily , (3)is reactive or unstable enough to explode or release toxic fumes, or (4)is capable of corroding metal containers such as tanks, drums, and barrels. Does not include: (1)radioactive wastes,(2)hazardous and toxic material discarded by household, (3)mining wastes, (4)oil-and gas-drilling wastes, (5)liquid wastes containing organic hydrocarbon compounds, (6)cement kiln dust, produced when liquid hazardous wastes are burned in a cement kiln, and (7)wastes from the thousands of small businesses and factories that generate less than 100 kilograms.76.Advantage of incinerating solid and hazardous wastes: reduced trash volume, less need for landfills, low water pollution.Disadvantage: high cost; air pollution; produces a highly toxic ash; encourage waste producting.77.Advantage of injecting liquid hazardous wastes: simple technology; safe method if sites are chosen carefully; wastes can be retrieved if problems develop; easy to do; low cost.Disadvantage: leaks or spills at surface; leaks from corrosion of well casing; existing fractures or earthquakes can allow wastes to escape to groundwater; encourages waste production.。
环境工程双语 题库
1.Tell something about water crisis in china?•水资源总量为28295.7亿m3/年，•Total Renewable Water Resources (TRWR): 2829.57km3/yr•人均实际可更新水资源量仅为2205m3/人.年，只有世界平均水平的1/4 。
•Actual Renewable Water Resources, Per capita: 2205m3/p/yr, Only equals to one quarter of the world average level.•水资源地区分布很不均匀，北方地区面临缺水和水污染的双重危机。
•The water resources distribution is unbalance in time and space. Northern China is severely suffering from the crisis of water shortage and pollution.2. Source of Water Pollution can be classified as Point source pollution and Non-point source pollution, then what is Point source pollution and what is Non-point source pollution, give some examples?Point source pollution is pollution that is easily traced to a single source, or point. Some examples of point sources include:discharges from wastewater treatment plants;operational wastes from industries;Domestic wastewater from residenceAs water from rainfall and snowmelt flows over and through the landscape, it picks up and carries contaminants from many different sources. This is called Non-Point Source pollution.Some examples of point sources include:Runoff from construction site;Runoff from pasture field;Runoff from road.3. What is the root of water crisis?✓Global climate change✓Development of society✓Water pollution4.What is Oxygen –demanding substances?and What is the effect of Oxygen –demanding substances on environment?Oxygen-demanding substances are organic and inorganic residues that consume the dissolved oxygen (DO) in water and make it polluted.When these substances were discharged into water ,they are decomposed by bacteria that use DO to breakdown these waste material and lead to the depletion of DO in water.When the DO concentration decreaced to a certain Level, the water not only become unable to support aquatic life,but whose color ,taste, odor may leave it undesirable for other uses such as recreational activities or municipal water supply.5.What is eautrophication?The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disppears. When nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from human activities are discharged into the water,this process would be accelerated. A eutrophication body of water support an overabundant growth of algae that can eventually crowed out other forms of aquatic life, leaving a water body that is unable to support fish or other life forms and is also unsuitable for human use such as for water supply. Algae boom exacerbates （加剧）the depletion of DO as decomposers ,mainly bacteria, feed on increased quantities of decaying algae. Decomposition under conditions of insufficient oxygen produce odorous gases that contribute to objectionable smell, taste , color of the water body.6.What is pathogen(病原体)?Pathogens are disease –causing agent such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa,and parasitic worms called helminths. These microorganisms are commonly found in the intestines of infected people or animals, and they are excreted in the feces that enter waterways from inadequate treated sewage discharges, stormwaterdrains, septic system and runoff from pastures and animal feedlots.If ingested, pathogen can cause human illness such as typhoid(伤寒), cholera （霍乱）and dysentery （痢疾）7..If there is any relationship between DO(dissolved oxygen)and water temperature? What does an low DO concentration indicate?Dissolved oxygen is inversely proportional to temperature, and the maximum oxygen that can be dissolved in water at most ambient temperature is about 10mg/L. the saturation value decreases rapidly with increasing water temperature.A low concentration of DO in water may indicate that the water temperature is very high,or there are some Oxygen –demanding contaminates in water.8.how to measure SS in wastewater?Measurement of suspended solid is by filtering the water sample through a filter paper. If the initial dry weight of the filter paper is known, the subtraction of this from the total weight of the filter and dries soils caught in the filter paper yield the weight of suspended solid,expresses in milligrams per liter.Example: Given the flowing data:Weight of the dry filter paper=34.766g100ml sample are filtered through the filter paper. Weight of the filter paper and solid on it after drying under the temperatureof 103～105℃Is=34.978gCan you figure out the concentration of SS(mg/L) in this water sample?SS=(34.978-34.966)/100=0.12×10-3(g/ml)=120(mg/L)9. What is biochemical oxygen demand（BOD）?Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD,is a measure of the quantity of oxygen used by microorganisms (e.g., aerobic bacteria) in the oxidation orgnaic contaminants in water.由微生物学可知，水中可为微生物降解的有机物，可在耗氧微生物的作用下分解。
环境工程专业英语试卷样本
环境工程专业英语试卷pollution污染 acid rain酸雨interaction of systems系统的交互作用environmental problem环境问题environmental disturbance环境破坏biotic habitat生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sulfur trioxide三氧化硫nitrous oxide一氧化二氮nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides碳氮化物sulfur oxides硫氧化物nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热 noise噪声contaminant污染物 strength强度foreign matter杂质 domestic sewage生活污水municipal wastewater城市废水 microbe微生物microorganism微生物 bacteria 细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染 recontamination再污染groundwater地下水 surface water地表水restriction限制 colloid胶体screening隔栅 coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝 sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤 disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒 prechlorination 预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒aeration曝气softening软化 activated carbon 活性炭adsorption吸附 reverse osmosis 反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shock loading冲击负荷organic loading有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier初沉池equalization basin均质池biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥停留时间solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescible易腐烂的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的汽车尾气automobileexhaustLandfilling土地填埋incineration: 焚烧composting: 堆肥compaction: 压实, 紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋balance剩下的, 余额, 结余batch-fed分批投料refuse垃圾municipal waste城市垃圾 perform: 执行 shut down: 关闭 energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧 combustion燃烧 volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation生化降解 equalization basin调节池 aeration basin曝气池sludge blocs污泥絮体 settling tank沉淀池 dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长 pulverized refuse垃圾破碎 biofilm 生物膜well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法 soil conditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic 腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model正常浓度: normal concentration 严重污染物: heavily polluted 决定因素: determining factor光化学氧化物: photochemical oxidants 液体微滴: liquid particulates 含硫的: sulfur-containing放射性物质: radioactiue substance 汽车尾气: automobile exhaust wet oxidation 湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we cansee, hear, touch, smell, and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境, 我们能够看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案 (1)
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案1、We all wondered（）Tom broke up with his girlfriend. [单选题] *A. thatB. whatC. whoD. why(正确答案)2、Both Mary and Linda don't care for fish. [单选题] *A. 喜欢(正确答案)B. 关心C. 照料D. 在乎3、Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A. fillB. fill in(正确答案)C. fill toD. fill with4、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take5、There is not much news in today's paper,_____? [单选题] *A. is itB. isn't itC.isn't thereD. is there(正确答案)6、My watch usually _______ good time, but today it is five minutes fast. [单选题] *A. goesB. makesC. keeps(正确答案)D. gains7、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I wasB. No, I don’tC. Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D. No, that’s no problem8、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China. [单选题] *A. findB. findingC. to find(正确答案)D. to be found9、Don’t ______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worriedB. worry(正确答案)C. worried aboutD. worry about10、Your homework must_______ tomorrow. [单选题] *A. hand inB. is handed inC. hands inD. be handed in(正确答案)11、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister12、Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____. [单选题] *A. more helpfulB. extremely helpfulC. very helpfulD. the most helpful(正确答案)13、3．Shanghai is my hometown. It’s ________ China. [单选题] *A．nearB．far away fromC．to the east ofD．in the east of(正确答案)14、—Can you play tennis?—______. But I can play basketball.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I canB. Yes, I doC. No. I can’t(正确答案)D. No, I don’t15、There are many beautiful _______ in the wardrobe. [单选题] *A. bookB. dresses(正确答案)C. cell phoneD. grocery16、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect17、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would18、I am worried about my brother. I am not sure _____ he has arrived at the school or not. [单选题] *A. whether(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. how19、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best. [单选题] *A. fruitB. vegetable(正确答案)C. drinkD. meat20、The three guests come from different _______. [单选题] *A. countryB. countrysC. countryesD. countries(正确答案)21、There _______ no water or milk in the fridge. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. hasD. have22、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take23、--What would you like to say to your _______ before leaving school?--I’d like to say"Thank you very much!" [单选题] *A. workersB. nursesC. waitersD. teachers(正确答案)24、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting25、While I _____ the morning paper, a headline caught my eye.. [单选题] *A. have readB. was reading(正确答案)C. had readD. am reading26、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody27、Researchers have spent five years collecting data（）the study is based. [单选题] *A. on thatB. in whichC. in thatD. on which(正确答案)28、Henry lives happily with his three cats. _______ of them are part of his family. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. All(正确答案)D. Neither29、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents. [单选题] *A. satisfactionB. development(正确答案)C. communicationD. preparation30、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days. [单选题] *A. to goB. goesC. wentD. go(正确答案)。
环境工程英语试题及答案
环境工程英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of converting pollutants into less harmful substances is known as ________.A. pollutionB. environmental engineeringC. waste managementD. pollution control2. Which of the following is not a primary pollutant?A. Sulfur dioxideB. Nitrogen oxidesC. Particulate matterD. Ground-level ozone3. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is to ________.A. remove harmful substancesB. recycle water for reuseC. both A and BD. neither A nor B4. What is the term used to describe the process of removing contaminants from soil?A. soil remediationB. soil conservationC. soil erosionD. soil fertilization5. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to ________.A. global warmingB. acid rainC. ozone depletionD. nuclear waste6. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?A. coalB. natural gasC. solar energyD. oil7. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by ________.A. carbon monoxideB. carbon dioxideC. methaneD. all of the above8. What is the term for the process of breaking down organic matter by microorganisms?A. decompositionB. combustionC. incinerationD. digestion9. The use of bioremediation involves ________.A. chemical reactionsB. biological processesC. mechanical processesD. thermal processes10. The most common method for measuring air quality is through ________.A. air samplingB. water samplingC. soil samplingD. noise level measurement二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ is a set of international rules aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.2. ________ is the process of treating and purifying water to make it safe for human consumption.3. ________ is a type of pollution that affects the quality of the air we breathe.4. The ________ is a global environmental issue that refers to the loss of biodiversity.5. ________ is a method of waste management that involves the controlled burning of waste.6. ________ is the science of studying the impact of human activities on the environment.7. ________ is a term used to describe the sustainable use of natural resources.8. ________ is a type of pollution that affects the quality of water bodies.9. ________ is a renewable energy source that can be used to generate electricity.10. ________ is the process of removing contaminants from the environment.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between primary and secondary pollutants.2. Describe the role of environmental impact assessments in environmental engineering.3. What are the main challenges faced in solid waste management?4. Discuss the importance of sustainable development in environmental engineering.四、论述题（20分）Discuss the role of environmental engineering in addressing climate change, including the strategies and technologies used to mitigate and adapt to its effects.答案：一、选择题1-5 DCBDA6-10 CDBCA二、填空题1. Kyoto Protocol2. Water purification3. Air pollution4. Biodiversity loss5. Incineration6. Environmental science7. Sustainable development8. Water pollution9. Wind energy10. Remediation三、简答题1. Primary pollutants are those that are directly emitted from a source, such as sulfur dioxide from a power plant. Secondary pollutants are formed in the environment as aresult of chemical reactions between primary pollutants, such as ground-level ozone formed from nitrogen oxides andvolatile organic compounds.2. Environmental impact assessments are used to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project or action. They help identify ways to minimize negative impacts and enhance positive ones, ensuring that development is sustainable.3. Challenges in solid waste management include waste generation rates outpacing disposal capacity, lack of proper waste segregation, and inadequate recycling and composting facilities. Additionally, there is a need for public awareness and participation in waste reduction and recycling efforts.4. Sustainable development is crucial in environmental engineering as it ensures that environmental protection and economic growth can coexist. It involves using resources efficiently, reducing waste, and protecting ecosystems to meet the needs of the present without compromising theability of future generations to meet their own needs.四、论述题Environmental engineering plays a critical role in addressing climate change by developing and implementing strategies and technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase resilience to climate impacts. Mitigation strategies include carbon capture and storage, energy efficiency improvements,and the promotion of renewable energy sources. Adaptation strategies involve designing infrastructure to withstand more extreme weather events, implementing water conservation measures, and developing early warning systems for natural disasters. Technologies such as smart grids。
环境工程专业英语第四版答案
环境工程专业英语第四版答案1、_______ travelers come to visit our city every year. [单选题] *A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds of(正确答案)C. Five HundredsD. Five hundred?of2、It’s reported that there are more than 300?_______ smokers in China. [单选题] *A. million(正确答案)B. millionsC. million ofD. millions of3、( )He gave us____ on how to keep fit. [单选题] *A. some advicesB. some advice(正确答案)C. an adviceD. a advice4、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to5、Researchers have spent five years collecting data（）the study is based. [单选题] *A. on thatB. in whichC. in thatD. on which(正确答案)6、Last week they _______ in climbing the Yuelu Mountain. [单选题] *A. succeeded(正确答案)B. succeedC. successD. successful7、I’d like to know the _______ of the club. [单选题] *A. schedule(正确答案)C. menuD. subject8、The weather forecast says that we’ll have occasional rain tomorrow. [单选题] *A. 偶尔的B. 不停的C. 少量的(正确答案)D. 不可预测的9、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. （）[单选题] *A. lentB. borrowed(正确答案)C. keptD. returned10、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. until11、23．Hurry up! The train ________ in two minutes. [单选题] *A．will go(正确答案)B．goC．goesD．went12、This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. [单选题] *A. howB. whichC. that(正确答案)D. what13、Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day [单选题] *A. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case(正确答案)14、He went to America last Friday. Alice came to the airport to _______ him _______. [单选题] *A. take; offB. see; off(正确答案)C. send; upD. put; away15、There is a bank ______ the street. [单选题] *A. on the end ofB. in the end ofC. at the end of(正确答案)D. by the end of16、8．Turn right ________ Danba Road and walk ________ the road, then you will findMeilong Middle school. [单选题] *A．in...alongB．into...along (正确答案)C．in...onD．into...on17、The beautiful radio _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took18、The market economy is quickly changing people’s idea on_____is accepted. [单选题] *A.what(正确答案)B.whichC.howD.that19、How lovely a day,（）? [单选题] *A. doesn't itB. isn't it(正确答案)C.shouldn't itD.hasn't it20、Could you please ______ why you can’t come to attend the meeting? [单选题] *A. explain(正确答案)B. understandC. giveD. reach21、Bliss, who worked in an information centre, began to work on the book in 1 [单选题] *A. 策划B. 上班C. 写作(正确答案)D. 销售22、The notice put _______ on the wall says “No Smoking”. [单选题] *A. up(正确答案)B. offC. awayD. out23、—When are you going to Hainan Island for a holiday? —______ the morning of 1st May.（）[单选题] *A. InB. AtC. On(正确答案)D. For24、Seldom _____ in such a rude way. [单选题] *A.we have been treatedB. we have treatedC. have we been treated(正确答案)D. have treated25、I hope to see you again _______. [单选题] *A. long long agoB. long beforeC. before long(正确答案)D. long26、—Judging from ____ number of bikes, there are not many people in the party.—I think so. People would rather stay at home in such _____ weather. [单选题] *A. the, aB. a, /C. the, /(正确答案)D. a, a27、The house was completed five months ago. [单选题] *A. 完成(正确答案)B. 复杂C. 开始D. 装着28、In the future, people ______ a new kind of clothes that will be warm when they are cold, and cool when they’re hot.（）[单选题] *A. wearB. woreC. are wearingD. will wear(正确答案)29、Galileo was ____ Italian physicist and astronomer who invented _____ telescope. [单选题] *A. a, aB. the, theC. an, aD. an, the(正确答案)30、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment。
环境工程专业英语考试(完整版)
环境与生态:LESSON1:环境与环境工程To the environmental engineer,the wordenvironmentmay take on global dimensions(维面积尺度),may refer to a very localized(局部化地方化)area in which a specific problemmust be addressed(致辞谈到),or may,in the case of contained environments,refer to a small volume of liquid,gaseous(气的),or solid materials within a treatment-plant(处理厂)reactor(反应器).┃The global environmentconsists of the atmosphere(大气圈),the hydrosphere(水圈),the lithosphere(岩石圈)in which the life-sustaining(供养)resources of the earth arecontained.┃The biosphere(生物圈),a thin shell that encapsulates(密封加浓)the earth,is made up of the atmosphere andlithosphereadjacent(接近的临近的)to the surface of the earth,together with the hydrosphere and the life forms of earth.┃Life-sustainingmaterials in gaseous,liquid,and solid forms are cycled though thebiosphere,providing sustenance to all living organisms(生物).Life-sustaining resources(air,food,water)are withdrawn from the biosphere.It is also into the biosphere that waste products in gaseous,liquid and solid forms are discharged(排放).┃Environment engineeringhas been defined as the branch of engineering thatis concerned with(关心)protecting the environment from the potential(潜在的),deleterious(有害的)effects of human activity,protecting human populations from the effect of adverse environmental factors,and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being(幸福福利).┃Humans interactwith their environment(sometimes adversely impacting the environment and sometimes being adversely impacted by pollutants in the environment.An understanding of the nature of the environment and of human interaction with it is a necessaryprerequisite(前提)to understanding the workfortheenvironmental engineering.
环境工程专业英语期末试卷标准卷
晓庄学院期末考试试卷 （ 07 级 环境工程 专业2010 ～2011 学年度 第 一 学期） 课程名称 环境工程专业英语 ✌ 卷 考试形式 闭卷 考核类型 考试 本试卷共 六 大题，卷面满分 分，答题时间 分钟。
一、 请根据缩写写出单词全称：（本题共 小题，每小题 分，共 分） ✞：✞☐●♋♦♓●♏ ❒♑♋⏹♓♍ ☐❍☐☐◆⏹♎♦ ✌：✌♓❒ ☐●●◆♦♓☐⏹ ☐⏹♦❒☐● ： ◆♦☐♏⏹♎♏♎ ☐●♓♎♦ ： ♒♏❍♓♍♋● ⌧⍓♑♏⏹ ♏❍♋⏹♎ ☜✋✌： ☜⏹❖♓❒☐⏹❍♏⏹♦♋● ✋❍☐♋♍♦ ✌♦♦♏♦♦❍♏⏹♦ （评分标准：每小题中单词全部写对，不论大小写，得 分；错一个单词得 分；错两个及以上单词，得 分。
）二、 请写出下列术语的英文表达：（本题共 小题，每小题 分，共 分） 城市污水：❍◆⏹♓♍♓☐♋● ♦♋♦♦♏♦♋♦♏❒废水处理：♦♋♦♦♏♦♋♦♏❒ ♎♓♦☐☐♦♋● 沉降池 ♦♏♎♓❍♏⏹♦♋♦♓☐⏹ ♦♋⏹ 消毒 ♎♓♦♓⏹♐♏♍♦♓☐⏹ 絮凝作用 ♐●☐♍♍◆●♋♦♓☐⏹（评分标准：每小题中所用单词意思基本吻合，单词拼写正确，且单词词态正确，得 分；错一个单词得 分；错两个及以上单词，得 分。
）三、 请根据下列英文解释写出相应的英文词汇：（本题共 小题，每题 分，共 分）❆♒♏ ☐♒⍓♦♓♍♋● ♋⏹♎ ♌♓☐♦♓♍ ♒♋♌♓♦♋♦♦♒♓♍♒ ♦◆❒❒☐◆⏹♎♦ ◆♦ ☜⏹❖♓❒☐⏹❍♏⏹♦ ✌ ⏹♋♦◆❒♋● ♑♋♦ ♦♒♓♍♒ ♓♦ ♐☐❒❍♏♎ ♐❒☐❍ ♎♏♍♋⍓♓⏹♑ ❍♋♦♦♏❒ ♋⏹♎ ♌◆❒⏹♦ ♏♋♦♓●⍓ ♦☐❍♏♦♓❍♏♦ ♍♋◆♦♏♦ ♏⌧☐●☐♦♓☐⏹♦ ♓⏹ ❍♓⏹♏♦ ♏♦♒♋⏹♏❆☐☐ ❍♋⏹⍓ ☐♏☐☐●♏ ♓⏹ ♋ ♑♓❖♏⏹ ♋❒♏♋♦☐☐ ♒♓♑♒ ♋ ☐☐☐◆●♋♦♓☐⏹ ♎♏⏹♦♓♦⍓ ❖♏❒☐☐☐◆●♋♦♓☐⏹❆♒♏ ☐❒☐♍♏♦♦ ♌⍓ ♦♒♓♍♒ ♦♋♦♏❒ ☐♋♦♦♏♦ ♦♒❒☐◆♑♒ ♋ ❍♏❍♌❒♋⏹♏ ♦♒♋♦ ♓♦ ♓❍☐♏❒❍♏♋♌●♏ ♦☐ ♎♓♦♦☐●❖♏♎ ♓☐⏹♦♦❍☐♦♓♦✌ ♓⏹♎ ☐♐ ♍♒♏❍♓♍♋● ♦♒♓♍♒ ♍♋⏹ ♦☐♏♏♎ ◆☐♎☐♦⏹ ♋ ♍♒♏❍♓♍♋● ❒♏♋♍♦♓☐⏹ ❒♋♦♏♋♦♋●⍓♦♦（评分标准：每小题中所用单词意思基本吻合，单词拼写正确，且单词词态正确，得 分；否则得 分。
(完整版)环境工程专业英语
环境工程专业英语pollution污染acid rain 酸雨environmental problem 环境问题environmental disturbance环境损坏biotic habitat 生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases 有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases 水传染的疾病 agrarian society农业社会 industrial society工业社会 industrial revolution家产革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country 发达国家developing country 发展中国家 undeveloped country 落伍国家 primary air pollutant一次大气污染物 secondary air pollutant 二次大气污染物monoxide 一氧化物 dioxide 二氧化物 trioxide 三氧化物 carbon monoxide一氧化碳 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫 nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮 nitric oxide 一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides 碳氮化物sulfur oxides 硫氧化物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物 photochemical oxidants 光化学氧化物 particulates 颗粒物inorganic compound 无机化合物 organic compound 有机化合物 radioactive substance放射性物质heat 热noise噪声 contaminant污染物strength 强度foreign matter杂质domestic sewage生活污水municipalwastewater城市废水microbe微生物microorganism微生物bacteria细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机因素suspended solids(SS)固体悬浮物volatile s uspended solids(VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter 有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD 化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand,BOD 生化需氧量biodegradable 可微生物分解的 contamination 污染recontamination 再污染groundwater地下水surface water 地表水 restriction 限制colloid 胶体 screening隔栅coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝sedimentation 积淀filtration过滤disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒aeration 曝气softening 融化activated carbon 活性炭 adsorption吸附reverse osmosis 反浸透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process 生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached -growth 吸着生长 suspended-growth 悬浮生长 shock loading 冲击负荷organic loading 有机负荷 mixed liquor suspended solids 混淆液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预办理工艺primary clarifier 初沉池 equalization basin 均质池 biological treatment process生物处理工艺 aeration basin 曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池 biomass生物质 heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time(HRT) 水力逗留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥逗留时间solid waste 固体废物municipal 城市化industrial工业的agricultural 农业的hazardous 危险的residential住所的commercial 商业的 putrescible 易腐化的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的 explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的Landfilling土地填埋incineration:焚烧composting:堆肥compaction:压实，紧凑sanitary landfill 卫生填埋balance 剩下的，余额，结余batch-fed 分批投料refuse 垃圾municipal waste 城市垃圾perform:执行shut down:关闭energy recovery 能量回收 incomplete combustion不完整焚烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积减小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation 生化降解equalization basin 调理池aeration basin 曝气池sludge blocs 污泥絮体settling tank积淀池dissolved oxygen溶解氧 suspended-growth悬浮生长pulverized refuse垃圾破裂biofilm 生物膜well -compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source 营养源mass-burning 大批焚烧 fluidized fed incarceration 硫化床焚烧法soil conditioners 土壤改进剂温室效应 greenhouse effect由 CO2惹起的 caust by CO2世界碳估算 the world carbon budget天气自然颠簸 natural fluctuations全世界变暖 global warming 厌氧的 anaerobic腐化 Putrefied甲烷 methane 臭氧层 ozone layer天气模型 climatic model 正常浓度： normal concentration严重污染物： heavily polluted决定因素： determining factor光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants液体微滴：liquid particulates含硫的： sulfur -containing放射性物质： radioactiue substance 汽车尾气： automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化1、 Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch,smell, and taste.环境是我们四周的物理和生物环境，我们能够看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品味到的。
北京工业大学环工专业英语考试真题
北京工业大学环工专业英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Beijing Industry University Environmental Engineering Major English ExamPart I: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1: Global WarmingGlobal warming is one of the most significant environmental issues facing the world today. It refers to the gradual increase in the Earth’s temperature due to huma n activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The consequences of global warming include rising sea levels, changes in weather patterns, and the extinction of various species.1. What is global warming?A. A decrease in the E arth’s temperature.B. An increase in the Earth’s temperature due to human activities.C. A natural phenomenon.D. A result of volcanic eruptions.2. What are the consequences of global warming?A. Decreasing sea levels.B. Stable weather patterns.C. Extinction of species.D. Healthy ecosystems.Passage 2: Environmental PollutionEnvironmental pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the environment that can cause harm to humans, wildlife, and the ecosystem. Common sources of pollution include industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and improper waste disposal. To combat pollution, it is essential to implement strict regulations and promote sustainable practices.3. What is environmental pollution?A. The conservation of natural resources.B. The introduction of harmful substances into the environment.C. The promotion of industrial activities.D. The protection of wildlife.4. How can pollution be reduced?A. By increasing industrial activities.B. By implementing strict regulations and promoting sustainable practices.C. By cutting down forests.D. By increasing vehicle emissions.Part II: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Directions: This part is composed of four sections. In each section, you will hear a dialogue or a monologue. After listening to it, you are required to complete some unfinished statements or answer some questions. You are allowed to hear the recording only once.Section A5. What is the lecture mainly about?Section B6. What is the man’s problem?Section C7. Why does the woman want to change her major?Section D8. What suggestion does the man give to the woman?Part III: Writing (30 points)Directions: For this part, you are required to write an essay on the following topic: "The Importance of Environmental Education." You should write at least 200 words and make sure to use proper grammar and vocabulary.Remember to discuss the significance of environmental education in raising awareness about environmental issues and promoting sustainable practices._____This is the sample of a Beijing Industry University Environmental Engineering Major English Exam. Students are required to demonstrate their understanding of key environmental concepts and their ability to communicate effectively in English. Good luck with your exam preparation!篇2Beijing University of Technology Environmental Engineering Major English Exam QuestionsPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Over the past few decades, the issue of climate change has become a major concern for many countries around the world. The increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly caused by human activities, has led to rising global temperatures and extreme weather events. In response to this crisis, many nations have come together to sign international agreements aimed at reducing emissions and slowing down the effects of climate change.1. What is the main cause of rising global temperatures?2. What are some of the effects of climate change?3. What are some international agreements that have been signed to address climate change?Part II: VocabularyChoose the correct word to complete each sentence.1. The __________ of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been steadily rising.A) concentrationB) consumptionC) conservationD) contamination2. The government has implemented strict __________ to reduce air pollution in the city.A) regulationsB) renovationC) recreationD) rejuvenation3. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for monitoring and enforcing laws related to environmental__________.A) pollutionB) preservationC) protectionD) provisionPart III: GrammarChoose the correct verb form to complete each sentence.1. The students __________ (study) for their exams all week.A) have been studyingB) had studiedC) will studyD) were studying2. By the time we get to the beach, the sun __________ (set) and it will be dark.A) will setB) is settingC) has setD) will have set3. I wish I __________ (know) more about renewable energy sources.A) had knownB) knewC) will knowD) have knownPart IV: WritingWrite a short essay (200-300 words) on the following topic:"Discuss the importance of environmental engineering in today's society. What are some of the key challenges facing environmental engineers, and how can they be addressed?"Remember to include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion in your essay. Use examples and evidence to support your ideas.Good luck with your exam!篇3Beijing University of TechnologyDepartment of Environmental EngineeringFinal ExamEnglish SectionInstructions:This exam contains three sections: Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary, and Writing. Please read the instructions carefully before starting the exam.Reading Comprehension (50 points)Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below.The concept of sustainable development has gained increasing attention in recent years. It refers to the idea of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This involves balancing economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection. Sustainable development requires a long-term perspective and a holistic approach todecision-making.1. What does sustainable development mean?2. What are the key elements of sustainable development?3. Why is sustainable development important?Vocabulary (30 points)Choose the correct word that best fits each sentence.1. The government has implemented _____ measures to reduce air pollution in the city.A) stringentB) lenientC) moderateD) severe2. It is important for industries to adopt _____ practices to minimize their impact on the environment.A) sustainableB) wastefulC) harmfulD) irresponsibleWriting (20 points)Write an essay of 300-400 words on the following topic:"The role of environmental engineers in promoting sustainable development."In your essay, discuss the responsibilities of environmental engineers in addressing environmental challenges andpromoting sustainable practices. Provide examples of projects or initiatives that have successfully contributed to sustainable development.End of ExamPlease submit your completed exam to your proctor. Good luck!Note: This exam is for evaluation purposes only. It will not affect your final grade in the course. Thank you for participating in the exam.---This document is a sample of a final exam for the Department of Environmental Engineering at Beijing University of Technology. Students are required to demonstrate their knowledge of sustainable development, environmental engineering principles, and English language skills in this comprehensive exam.。
2023年度工程系列环境工程专业水平能力测试 英语
2023年度工程系列环境工程专业水平能力测试英语2023 Annual Engineering Series Environmental Engineering Proficiency TestSection 1: Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, environmental engineering has become an increasingly important field due to the pressing need to address environmental issues caused by human activities. Environmental engineers play a vital role in designing and implementing solutions to minimize the impact of these activities on the ecosystem.One of the key areas of focus for environmental engineers is water resource management. With the increasing population and industrialization, the demand for clean water is on the rise. Environmental engineers are responsible for developing sustainable water treatment and purification systems to ensure a safe and adequate water supply. They also work on developing technologies for wastewater treatment and recycling to minimize the release of pollutants into the environment.Another important aspect of environmental engineering is air pollution control. Industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust gases contribute significantly to air pollution, which has detrimental effects on human health and the environment. Environmental engineers work on designing and implementing effective strategies to reduce air pollution levels through the development of emissioncontrol technologies and the promotion of renewable energy sources.Environmental engineers also play a crucial role in waste management. As human activities generate large amounts of waste, proper waste management is essential to prevent contamination of soil and water sources. Environmental engineers develop strategies for waste reduction and recycling, as well as the design and implementation of waste treatment facilities.In addition to these key areas, environmental engineers contribute to the protection and preservation of natural resources, such as forests and wildlife habitats. They assess the environmental impact of development projects and develop strategies to minimize negative effects.Overall, the field of environmental engineering requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving knowledge of engineering principles, environmental sciences, and sustainable development concepts. Graduates of environmental engineering programs are equipped to address the challenges of the 21st century and contribute to the sustainable development of our planet.Questions:1. What is the main purpose of environmental engineering?2. What are the key areas of focus for environmental engineers?3. How do environmental engineers contribute to air pollution control?4. Why is waste management important in environmentalengineering?5. What skills and knowledge are needed to succeed in environmental engineering?Section 2: VocabularyDirections: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.1. The __________ of pollutants into the water resulted in the contamination of the river.a) emissionb) reductionc) preservationd) treatment2. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are important for _________ air pollution.a) reducingb) promotingc) releasingd) increasing3. Proper ________ of waste is necessary to prevent environmental contamination.a) managementb) treatmentc) preservationd) reduction4. Environmental engineers assess the ________ impact of development projects.a) industrialb) environmentalc) technologicald) scientific5. The field of environmental engineering requires a ________ approach, involving knowledge from various disciplines.a) multidisciplinaryb) specializedc) singled) narrowSection 3: Written ExpressionDirections: In this section, you will be required to write a short essay about your experience and interest in environmental engineering. Answer the following question in 150-200 words: Why are you interested in pursuing a career in environmental engineering? What do you hope to achieve in this field?。
(完整版)环境工程专业英语
环境工程专业英语pollution污染acid rain酸雨environmental problem 环境问题environmental disturbance环境破坏biotic habitat 生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sulfur trioxide三氧化硫nitrous oxide一氧化二氮nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides碳氮化物sulfur oxides硫氧化物nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热noise噪声contaminant污染物strength强度foreign matter杂质domestic sewage生活污水municipalwastewater城市废水microbe微生物microorganism微生物bacteria细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染recontamination再污染groundwater地下水surface water地表水restriction限制colloid胶体screening隔栅coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒aeration曝气softening软化activated carbon活性炭adsorption吸附reverse osmosis反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shock loading冲击负荷organic loading有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier初沉池equalization basin均质池biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥停留时间solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescible易腐烂的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的Landfilling土地填埋incineration: 焚烧composting: 堆肥compaction: 压实，紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋balance剩下的，余额，结余batch-fed 分批投料refuse垃圾municipal waste城市垃圾perform: 执行shut down: 关闭energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation生化降解equalization basin调节池aeration basin曝气池sludge blocs 污泥絮体settling tank沉淀池dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长pulverized refuse垃圾破碎biofilm生物膜well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source 营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法soil conditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic 腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model 正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物：heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor 光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing 放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案1、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write2、Generally speaking, it is _______ to ask a woman’s age in western countries. [单选题] *A. possibleB. importantC. not polite(正确答案)D. polite3、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free4、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of5、What’s the price and what sort of _______ do you offer? [单选题] *A. advantageB. accountC. displayD. discount(正确答案)6、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn7、_______ songs is my favorite. [单选题] *A. To Singing EnglishB. Singing English(正确答案)C. Singings EnglishD. Sing English8、Across the river（）. [单选题] *A. lies a new built bridgeB.lies a newly built bridge(正确答案)C. a new built bridge liesD.a newly built bridge lies9、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(正确答案)10、82．—Is there a bookshop near here?—Yes. Walk ________ the road for five minutes and you'll see one near a big tree. [单选题] *A．toB．along(正确答案)C．ofD．about11、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new12、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few(正确答案)13、Mary, together with her children ,_____ some video show when I went into the sitting room. [单选题] *A. were watchingB. was watching(正确答案)C. is watchingD. are watching14、( ) You had your birthday party the other day,_________ [单选题] *A. hadn't you?B. had you?C. did you?D. didn't you?(正确答案)15、He gathered his courage and went on writing music. [单选题] *A. 从事B. 靠······谋生C. 继续(正确答案)D. 致力于16、She works in a hospital. She is a(n) _______. [单选题] *A. managerB. engineerC. doctor(正确答案)D. patient17、37．It’s fun _________ a horse with your best friends on the grass. [单选题] * A．to ride (正确答案)B．ridingC．ridesD．ride18、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest19、—Why is Mary asking Bob about the school trip? —Because she wants to know ______.（）[单选题] *A. how does he think of the tripB. what does he think of the tripC. what he likes the tripD. how he likes the trip(正确答案)20、Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see _______. [单选题] *A. herB. him(正确答案)C. itD. them21、He always found it hard to satisfy himself. [单选题] *A. 控制B. 满足(正确答案)C. 了解D. 批评22、It ______ me half an hour to return to school.（）[单选题] *A. takes(正确答案)B. spendsC. costsD. brings23、My brother often does ______ homework first after school.（）[单选题] *A. heB. his(正确答案)C. sheD. her24、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)25、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much26、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days. [单选题] *A. to goB. goesC. wentD. go(正确答案)27、80．Thousands of ________ from other countries visit the village every year. [单选题] * A．robotsB．postcardsC．tourists(正确答案)D．bridges28、( )He killed the enemy guard and made away _________the villagers. [单选题] *A. with the helpB. with helpC. with help ofD. with the help of(正确答案)29、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have30、I was astonished when I heard that Louise was getting married. [单选题] *A. 惊讶(正确答案)B. 气愤C. 高兴D. 想念。
环境工程专业英语考题
环境工程专业英语考题第一篇：环境工程专业英语考题life expectancy：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air：烟雾弥漫的天空global conditions ：全球状况 haves and have-nots：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna：热带大草原，稀树草原predator：食肉动物，捕食者 environmental disruptions：环境破坏，环境失调primary pollutant一次大气污染物secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物Air nitrous oxide一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide一氧化氮NOnitrogen dioxide二氧化氮(NO2)soot煤烟dust 灰尘smog烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide杀虫剂/ 农药VOC 挥发性有机化合物APC 大气污染控制 Regulatory program调整项目Financial support 财政支持 Operating cost操作成本 Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质 Biological生物学的 Technologies技术、工艺 Inorganic air pollutants无机大气污染物treatment facilities处理设备per capita per day每人每天municipality市政当局,自治市population equivalent人口当量basement flooding地下室浸水runoff排水 domestic sewage生活污水type of terrain地形种类land disposal掩埋处置fecal coliform粪大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement严格的废水排assimilation capacity同化能力practical outlets可行的排出途径，现实出aquatic life水生生物detrimental to humanhealth 对人体健康有endogenous phase内源〔生长〕期flowmonitoring流量监测equipment age and reliability装备老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities机械设备microbial activity微生物活性activated sludge活性污泥controlling respiration控制呼吸 oxidation ditches氧化沟 on-line automation在线自动〔监测〕Precision and accuracy精密度和准确度Bulk collection 大量收集Matrix material 原材料Analysis sequence 分析序列Multivariate statistics 多元统计Interactive effect 相互影响农药—pesticide化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes 微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生--regeneration出口outlet多管高效旋风分离器multitube high-efficiency cyclone 合成纤维 syntheticfabric 捕集效率collection efficiency 机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing 压力降pressuredrop 焚化炉incinerator 气体离子gas ion 捕集板collection surface 碳黑carbonblack 尾气off-gas 可应用性applicability工业规模full-scale 土壤床soil bed 生物过滤biofilter 固定资本fixed capital易生物降解的easily biodegraded手动控制operatorcontrol/ manual control 最优化minimize the effects 微处理器microprocessor 统计分析statistical analysis 质量衡算mass balance 动力学dynamics 氧化还原oxidation andreduction /redox 停留时间residence time 模拟simulation 参数parameter 水解hydrolysis 积分integral第二篇：2014环境工程专业英语大作业广西大学课程考试试卷专业英语大作业一、翻译1.The breadth and complexity of the environmental problems we face and the scientific, economic and social impediments to their solution emphasize how important it is that environmental scientists and engineers gain an appreciation for the processes and functioning of all environmental compartments — air, soil, water, and energy — and intentionally account for the long-term consequences and sustainability of the actions they propose, whether they be preventative or remedial.我们所面临的环境问题的广度和复杂程度以及对解决这个问题的科学的、经济的、社会的阻碍，都集中到了这样一个重要性：环境科学家与工程师们获得一个对多有环境因素诸如空气、石油、水、能量的流程和功能的判断，有意阐明所提议的行为的长期结果和可持续发展性，是否他们（环境问题）可以预防和补救。
环境工程专业英语期末试卷标准卷
用心整理可以编辑！！放心下载！晓庄学院期末考试试卷 （07级环境工程专业2010 ～2011 学年度 第 一学期） 课程名称 环境工程专业英语A 卷 考试形式 闭卷考核类型 考试 本试卷共 六 大题，卷面满分100分，答题时间120分钟。
一、 请根据缩写写出单词全称：（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1. VOC ：V olatile Organic Compounds 2. APC ：Air Pollution Control 3. SS ：Suspended Solids 4. COD ：Chemical Oxygen Demand 5. EIA ：Environmental Impact Assessment （评分标准：每小题中单词全部写对，不论大小写，得2分；错一个单词得1分；错两个及以上单词，得0分。
） 二、 请写出下列术语的英文表达：（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1. 城市污水：municipal wastewater 2. 废水处理：wastewater disposal 3. 沉降池:sedimentation tank 4. 消毒:disinfection 5. 絮凝作用:flocculation（评分标准：每小题中所用单词意思基本吻合，单词拼写正确，且单词词态正确，得2分；错一个单词得1分；错两个及以上单词，得0分。
）三、 请根据下列英文解释写出相应的英文词汇：（本题共4小题，每题2分，共10分）1. The physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us. Environment2. A natural gas which is formed from decaying matter and burns easily,sometimes causes explosions in mines. Methane3. Too many people in a given area,too high a population density. Overpopulation4. The process by which water passes through a membrane that is impermeableto dissolved ions. Osmosis5. A kind of chemical which can speed up/down a chemical reaction rate. Catalyst（评分标准：每小题中所用单词意思基本吻合，单词拼写正确，且单词词态正确，得2分；否则得0分。
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一、英汉互译1. oxidizing agent——氧化剂2. activated sludge——活性污泥3. water purification——水净化4. protozoa——原生动物5. nitrogen dioxide——二氧化氮6. phosphate——磷酸盐7. the dew point——露点8. food additives——食品添加剂9. chemical plant——化工厂10.primary air pollutant——一次大气污染物11.qualitative analysis——定性分析12.environmental problem——环境问题13.incomplete combustion——不完全燃烧14.photochemical oxidants——光化学氧化剂15.suspented solid——悬浮固体16.气布比——air to cloth ratio17.一氧化碳——carbon monoxide 18.酵母——yeast19.紫外线——ultraviolet light 20.反向渗透——reverse osmosis21.水资源——water resource 22.有机物质——organic matter23.地表水——surface water 24.引风机——draft fan25.生物鉴定——bioassay 26.副产品——by-products27.环境容量——environmental capacity 28.供水，给水——water supply29.吸附——adsorption 30.环境污染——environmental pollution二、英译汉1.Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to be the primary objective inmany areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection of fishing areas, and maintenance of recreational waters are additional concerns today.污染控制的最初目的是保护公众的健康，在许多地方这仍然是主要目的。
然而，目前保护水资源、保护渔区和维护娱乐水域也是关注的方面。
2.Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of theair, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.污染：可以定义为空气、水或土壤的物理化学或生物特性发生恶化以至于对人类或生物有机体的健康、生存或活性造成了危害。
Environment can be defined as(1) the circumstance of conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.环境可以定义为：（1）一个生物个体或生物群体周围的状况或条件；（2）影响个体或群体的复杂的社会或文化条件。
3.Fabric filters usually provide very high collection efficiencies, exceeding 99.5%, at pressure drops usuallyranging from 4 to 6 inches of water. The amount of filter area required is often based o an air-to-cloth ratio of11.5 to 3.0 cfm of gas/ft of cloth.布袋过滤器经常提供超过99.5%的高捕集效率，压力降一般在4-6英寸水柱。
所需要的滤料面积通常是根据气布比为11.5-3.0cfm气体/平方英尺布来考虑的。
4.Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds that attack metal surfaces, aproblem that has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries.大气中的硫和氮的氧化物经反应后形成酸性化合物，这些化合物腐蚀金属表面，这个问题通讯设备、电力设施和计算机工业方面已经很严重。
三、选择题1. The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study ofenvironmental problems: their causes, why they are of concern, and how we can control them.（C ）A. objectiveB. bookC. environmental problemsD. students2. Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. It may also causecontamination of resources (such as air, water, and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes.（C ）A. plantsB. animalsC. resourcesD. pollutant species3. However, sewage may also contain pathogens from the excreta of people with infectious diseases that canbe transmitted by contaminated water. （D ）A. sewageB. pathogensC. peopleD. infectious diseases4. In fact, knowledgeable scientists of the time accepted land irrigation and percolation into the porousunderground formations as methods of waste treatment. Although these treatment methods may have been intended for non-hazardous materials, they were employed for hazardous materials as well. （B ）A. knowledgeable scientistsB. these treatment methodsC. non-hazardous materialsD. hazardous materials5. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds which attack metal surfaces,a problem which has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries.（D ）A. SulfurB. Sulfur and nitrogen oxidesC. metal surfacesD. acidic compounds四、英译汉，每小题10分，共30分1.International cooperation in the field of environmental protection should be based on the principle of equalityamong sovereign states. The developing countries have the sovereign right to use their own natural resources in keeping with their developmental and environmental objectives and priorities. Furthermore environmentalconsiderations should not be used as an excuse for interference in the internal affairs of the developing countries, nor should these be used to introduce any forms of conditionality in aid or development financing, or to impose trade barriers affecting the export and development efforts of the developing countries.在环境保护领域的国际合作应该建立在主权国家之间的平等原则的基础上。
发展中国家有主权去利用自己国家的资源来维持发展和环境目标及其优先权。
不应该以保护环境为理由干涉发展中国家的内政，不应借此在援助或发展资金上提出任何形式的附加条件，也不应设置贸易壁垒影响发展中国家出口和发展的努力。