语法---语法填空
语法填空--动词和连词
动词填空(包括时态、语态和非谓语动词)A 时态和语态1.Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______(write) to me.2. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ______ (work) in a radio factory at that time.3. I can guess you were in a hurry. You ______ (wear) your sweater inside out.4. I know Mr. Brown; we ______(introduce) to each other at an international conference.5. They won’t buy new clothes because they ______ (save) money to buy a new house.6. The plane ______ (leave) at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.7. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ______ (prefer) coffee.8. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ______ too long.9. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ______ (come) from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.10. You won’t know whether the coat fits you until you ______ (try) it on.11. ______ (leave) it with me and I’ll see what I can do.12. With the development of science, more new technology ______(introduce) to the field of IT.13. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ______ (call) the Pacific, and we met no storm. 14. By the time he leaves university, he _____ (gain) much working experience so long as he takes a part-time job.15. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ (leave) office soon. 16. A new theatre ______ (build) here. They hope to finish it next month.17. The report said that the UFO _____ (travel) from east to west when he saw it.18. This is the first time I _____ (watch) such an exciting game.19. When I got there, I _____ (tell) that he ______ (go) to Shanghai.20. We _____ (hope) to catch the 9:30 train, but found it was gone.21. I ____ (live) in Xi’ an for ten years by next Ma y.22. It’s high time we _____(have) a holiday.23. The last time I went to my hometown, a big factory_____(build) there.24 Great changes _____(take place) in the city, and lots of factories have been set up.25. They got married last week after they ______ (engage) several years. ;26. When the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners ______(seat) .27. The Anti—Japanese War _____ (break out) in 1937 and it lasted eight years.28 Unless he ______ (promise) to help us, we shall lose the game.29. You don’t need to describe her. I _______(meet) her several times.30. Don’t you know it’s the first time he ______(attend) this kind of meeting?31. This dictionary mustn’t ______ (take) away from the library.32. We can’t use the bridge now, becaus e it ______ (repair).33. No permission _____ (give) for anybody to enter the building.34. Many bridges ______ (build) over the river since liberation.35. Old people must be looked after well and ______ (speak) to politely.36. Dinosaurs _____ (disappear) about 65 million years ago.37. They _______ (ask) to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.38. Every possible means _____ (try), but none proves successful.39. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets (sell) out andI didn’t get o ne.40 .They ________ (wait) for the famous film star for two hours and they would wait until he arrived.41. By the end of last year we ________ (learn) at least 3,000 English words.42. There _______ (be) great changes in China in the past twenty years.43. So far only one third of the work _______ (do)44. I was told that the coat _______ (cost) about 2,000 dollars.45. The new pen ________ (write) smoothly; why not get one?46. Suddenly a tall man with sunglasses ______ (see) to enter the building.47. The water in the swimming pool _______ (feel) a little cold.48 There is no doubt that your dream ________ (realize) some day.49 Since 8 o’clock this morning I _______ (write) my composition but haven’t finished it yet.50. Something should _________ (do) to prevent rivers from being polluted.51. I met Mary yesterday. We _________ (see) each other for almost six years.52. I ________ (tell) that the final exam will be put off next week.53. They moved to London ten years ago and they _______ (live) there ever since.54. John got sick last week and _______ (be) in bed since then.55. I ________ (drive) along the road when an accident happened ahead.56. He doesn’t live here any longer; he ________ (move) to another city weeks ago.57. Our teacher explained to us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound.58. All the employees ________ (encourage) to work online at home.58. I noticed that the hero’s story ________ (report) differently in the newspapers.59. Mummy, don’t be worried about us. We _______ (have) fun in the People’s Park at this moment.60. This coat costs a lot and the cloth _______ (wash) easily.B 非谓语动词1. Alice returned from the manager’s office，_____(tell) me that the boss wanted to see me at once．2. The news reporters hurried to the airport，only ______ (tell) the film stars had left．3. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month，he had a hard time ______ (pass) the exam．4. When ______(compare) with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at a11．5. I don’t kno w whether you happen ______(hear)，but I’m going to study in the U．S．A．this September．6. ______ (attract) by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm．7. Helen had to shout ______ (make) herself heard above the sound of the music．8. The old man，______(work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland．9. Sarah．hurry up．I’m afraid you can’t have time to get ______(change) before the party．10. According to a recent U．S．survey，children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch)TV．11. The flu is believed _______(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat．12. The flowers _______(smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature．13. The disc，digitally ______ (record) in the studio，sounded fantastic at the party that night．14. _______ (attack) by terrorists，the tall building collapsed．15. Don’ t leave the water ______ (run) while you brush your teeth．16. My advisor encouraged me ______(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills．17. ______ (wait) in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home．18. He looked around and caught a man ______ (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger．19. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ (seat) as the plane was making a landing．20. After his journey form abroad，Richard Johns returned home，______ (exhaust)．21. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ (smoke) in the kitchen．22. ______ (give) time，he’11 make a first-class tennis player．23. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief ______ (catch)．24. Mr. Smith，______ (tire) of the ______ (bore) speech, started to read a novel．25. The manager, ______ (know) his factory’s products werepoor in quality，decided to give his workers further training．26. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ (see) whether he was going in the right direction．27. Friendship is like money：easier made than _______ (keep)．28.The president’s ______ (attend) the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement．29. Unless ______ (invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．30. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _____ (play) in making the earth a better place to live．31. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains ______ (see) whether they will enjoy it．32. The research is so designed that once ______ (begin) nothing can be done to change it．33. Don’t use words，expressions，or phrases ______ (know) only to people with specific knowledge．34. ______ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin．35. Prices of daily goods ______ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices．36. In some parts of London，missing a bus means ______ (wait) for another hour．37. When ______ (complete)，the museum will be open to the public next year．38. With a lot of difficult problems ______ (settle)，the newly-elected president is having a hard time．39. I really appreciate ______ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island．40. ______ (sleep) late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm．41. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ (correct) them．42. Sandy could do nothing but ______ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong．43. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ______ (help) set up a school for the poor children．44. After my guests left I spent as much time as I could _______(clean) the rooms.45. I’ve worked with children before，so I know what ______ (expect) in my new job．46. He sent me an e-mail，______ (hope) to get further information．47. _______ (found) in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States．48. The picture ______ (hang) on the wall is painted by my nephew．49. Generally _______ (speak), he has done a good job.50. I don’t understand your _______ (treat) her like that.51. This box is light enough ________ (lift).52. Can you persuade him ________ (change) his mind?53. ________ (catch) the first bus I got up very early.54. ________ (tell) you the truth, I dislike him.55. I prefer to take a bus rather than _______ (order) a taxi.56. I think you had better not ________ (carry) out that experiment.57. I am quite busy; I cannot help ________ (repair) your computer.58. My father fell asleep while ________ (watch) TV.59. The 29th Olympic Games ________ (hold) in Beijing in 2008 will be a success.60. Though _______ (warn) not to drive after drinking he wouldn’t listen.61. I can’t make myself _______ (understand) in English.62. We don’t allow _______ (swim) in this river.63. Look! Y our shoes need ________ (mend).64. The typhoon lasted nearly three hours, ________ (cause) great damage to that area.65. We haven’t decided when and where ________ (hold) the meeting.66. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch bicycles ________ (repair).67. This dog, if _______ (train) properly, will make a good watchdog.68. The thief fell to the ground, his feet broken and blood ______ (run) down from his mouth.69. Seeing the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree ______ (frighten) out of life.70. Madame, I’d like to get these letters ________ (mail).连词填空A 并列连词1 Follow the doctor’s advice, ______ your cough will be worse.2 Walk straight along the main road, _______ then you will reach the Grand Theater.3 Y ou like sports, _______ I would rather read.4 I was about to jump into the river ________ the guide stopped me.5 She may fail in the exam, _________ she cried.6 He is a League member, _______ he is always ready to help others.7 He not only speaks good English _______ writes well in English.8 Either you are sorry _______ get out!9 Neither we ________ our teacher knows the answer to this question.10 Both Peter ______ Tom are from South Africa.11 Look! He is more _______ less drunk.12 We are working hard to make our country more ______ more powerful.13 Mr. Wang is walking up ______ down the classroom witha book in his hand.14 Whether at school ______ at home, she is always cheerful.15 They will stay here for a week _________ so.16 This sentence may be correct grammatically(语法上), _______ a native speaker never says it that way.17 I finally succeeded not by luck _______ through hard work.18 John _____ his wife has been invited to that party to be held the coming weekend.19 I hope you don’t mind my asking, _______ where did you buy those shoes?20 Excuse me, _______ do you happen to know the time?B 从属连词1. The question is _____ the film is worth seeing.2. Do you doubt ________ I believe you?3. We were all very worried over the fact _____ you were ill.4. It looks ______ it's going to rain.5. This museum is not ______ it was ten years ago.6. The reason for his success is _______ he worked hard.7.She dresses well，but the trouble is________ the clothes she is wearing don’t go with each other very well.8. Einstein's most famous theory is ____ we call the Theory of Relativity.9. The suggestion________ students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.10. The old woman was shocked by____ had happened to her daughter.11. Lei Feng was always thinking of________ he could help others.12. Could you tell me for _____ you have bought this fur coat?13.______ we have seen is quite from______ we have heard.14. There are three books on the desk. I don’t know________ one he will choose.15. We have plenty of books here. Y ou may take _____one you like best.16. It depends on ______ we have enough time.17. Y ou have no idea ______ anxious I have been for her safety.18. Now we can see _____ a serious problem the population is .19. I want to buy some stamps. Can you tell me _____ there'sa post office near here?20. It has not been decided yet________ the meeting will start at the hall.21. There’s some doubt_____ she will be able to repay the money on time.22. My radio doesn’t work. I don’t know _______ the trouble is.23 ______ you go or stay at home won't make any difference.24. Is _____ you told me really true?25. After months of research there was little hope______ the lost car might be found.26. ____he doesn't like them is very clear.27 There’s a feeling in me________ we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever. 28. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s_______ it takes to do anything well.29.________ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.30. The fire destroyed________ was in the building.31. We know little about the young lady except_______ you told me.32. I know nothing about her except_______ she is from Canada.33 .The question he asked was________ the electrical equipment should be stored.34.________ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.35. Please give the book to______ wins the first prize.36. The chance______he will attend the meeting is very little.37. It so happened ______ I had no money on me.38. Mark wondered ______ you thought of the new film.39. Some of the scientists held the view that ______ the book said was right.40. He was driving at ______ I thought was a fantastic speed.41. Mr. Smith has learned some Chinese ______ he came to Shenzhen.42. If you work with a strong will, you will overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is.43. A new school was built ______there had once been a wasteland.44. ______ you’ve got such a golden chance, who not make the best of it?45. A whole month had passed _______ she fully recovered.46. Y ou mustn’t leave _______ you get your work done by 6 o’clock.47. Please keep reading the poem _______ you have remembered it.48. I won’t tell him the correct answer ________ I know it. I don’t like him.49. He was walking _______ he was drunk.50. _______ the day went on, the weather got worse.51. _______ I like Chuan food, I wo n’t visit that restaurant today. I’d like to try a different one.52. Roses need special care _______ they can live through winter.53. Y ou will succeed in the end _______ you give up halfway.54. It is almost 16 years _______ I last met Sarah.55. I got up early _______ I might not miss the first bus.56. The baby may be saved _______ he is sent to hospital in no time.57. ________ he is rich enough, still he spends very little on clothes and food.58. I didn’t know what happened. He had rushed out of the room ___ I could ask him.59. Y ou won’t get your basketball back ______ you have promised not to play in my garden anymore.60. It was not yet 7 o’clock ______ he came back.61. Can you imagine how long it will be ______ a new drug is invented for AIDS?62. I had no sooner gone into the classroom _______ the bell rang.63. _________ you understand the rule, you will find it very easy to obey.64. I found all the doors open and everything in disorder _______ I arrived home.65. _______ he is a newcomer, he has few friends around here.66. He was in ______ a hurry _____ he forgot his keys.67. Please do the experiment ______ the teacher told you to.68. He wouldn’t listen to me, _______ I said.69. Small town ______ it is, yet it is very famous.70. ________ I can remember, his name must be Kevin if not Ken.71. I will take you shopping _______ it doesn’t rain this afternoon.72. He failed again just _______ he didn’t work hard at his lessons.73. Y ou need to practice quite a lot _______ your spoken English becomes excellent.74. Karl Marx kept on studying English ________ he could use it freely.75. He is only a kid, but he speaks ______ he were a grown up.76. Let’s go out for a walk ______ you are too tired.77. He made _______ little money ______ his wife often complained.78. I have learned a lot of French ______ I came to Paris.79. All the students stopped talking _______ I entered the classroom.80. I will buy that apartment _______ much it costs.C 关系代/副词1 The weather was very sunny the following day, ______ was what we had expected.2 The man about _______ you told me the other day turned out to be a thief.3 I have finished reading all the books ______ were borrowed from the school library.4 I have bought three ballpoint pens, none of ________ writes smoothly.5 Is this the second time _______ you have been to Guangzhou?6 I cannot forget the time _______ I stayed in the country with those farmers.7 _______is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop.8 Lu Xun, _______ real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote lots of novels and essays.9 Can you think of another example _______ this phrase can be used?10 This is the store ______ my father runs.11 The train on ________ he is traveling is late.12 I visited Hong Kong last month, ______ live my uncles and aunts.13 Do you still remember the happy days _______ we spent together in Beijing?14 Don’t talk about such things _____ you are not sure about.15 I have bought the same skirt _______ she is wearing.16 He came out top in the exam, ______ made his family very happy.17 Is this the reason ______ he is late again?18 I don’t think the reason ______ he explained at the meeting was reasonable.19 Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone _____ family was very poor.20 Can you think of other ways _______ we can solve this problem?21 I, ______ am your best friend, will help you out.22 I attended the meeting last month, _______ lots of people talked about that topic.23 The day will come ________ the people all over the world will win liberation.24 On my birthday I got a watch from my uncle, _______ was made in Japan.25 The students are talking about the strange people and stories _______ they met in the adventure.26 This is Mr. Smith, ______ I think has something interesting to tell you.27 He is the very man in ________ pocket I found my lost money.28 _______was usual, he arrived at school just before class began.29 I have a picture by a famous painter _______ sent to me for my birthday. 30 Shenzhen is not the city _______ it used to be twenty years ago.参考答案：动词A 时态和语态1 write2 was working3 are wearing4 were5 are saving6 leaves7 prefer8 had been cooked9 comes 10 have tried 11 Leave 12 is being introduced 13 is called 14 will have gained 15 would leave 16 is being built 17 was traveling 18 have watched 19 was told; had gone 20 had hoped 21 will have lived 22 had 23 was being built/had been built 24 have taken place 25 had been engaged 26 were seated 27 broke out 28 promises 29 have met 30 has attended 31 be taken 32 is being repaired 33 has been give 34 have been built 35 spoken 36 disappeared 37 were asked 38 has been tried 39 had been sold out 40 had been waiting 412 had learned 42 have been 43 has been done 44 cost 45 writes 46 was seen 47 felt 48 will be realized 49 have been writing 50 be done 51 had seen 52 have been told 53 have lived 54 has been 55 was driving 56 moved 57 travels 58 are encouraged 59 are having 60 washesB 非谓语动词：1 telling2 to be told3 passing4 compared5 to have heard6 Attracted7 to make8 having worked9 changed 10 watching 11 to be caused 12 smelling 13 recorded 14 Having been attacked 15 running 16 to take 17 Having waited 18 putting 19 seated 20 exhausted 21 smoking 22 Given 23 being caught 24 tired ; boring 25 knowing 26 to see 27 kept 28 attending 29 invited 30 to play 31 to be seen 32 begun 33 known 34 Being exposed 35 bought 36 waiting 37 completed 38 to settle 39 having 40 To sleep 41 correcting 42 admit 43 helping 44 to clean 45 to expect 46 hoping 47 Founded 48 hanging 49 speaking 50 treating 51 to lift 52 to change 53 To catch 54 To tell 55 order 56 carry 57 (to) repair 58 watching 59 to be held 60 warned 61 understood 62 swimming 63 mending/to be mended 64 causing 65 to hold 66 being repaired 67 trained 68 running 69 frightened 70 mailedA 并列连词1 or2 and3 while4 when5 for6 so7 but also8 or9 nor 10 and 11 or 12 and 13 and 14 or 15 or 16 but 17 but 18 as well as 19 but 20 butB 从属连词1 whether2 that3 that4 as if5 what6 that7 that8 what9 that 10 what 11 how 12 whom 13 What; what 14 which 15 whichever 16 whether 17 how 18 what 19 if/whether 20 when 21 that 22 where 23 whether 24 what 25 that 26 That 27 that 28 what 29 That 30 what 31 what 32 that 33 where 34 That 35 whoever 36 that 37 that 38 what 39 what 40 what 41 since 42 however/ no matter how 43 where 44 Since/ Now that 45 before 46 until 47 until 48 even if/even though 49 as if/as though 50 As 51 Although 52 so that 53 unless 54 since 55 so that 56 if/ so long as 57 Although 58 before 59 until 60 when 61 before 62 than 63 Once 64 as soon as/when /the moment 65 Because 66 such.. that 67 as 68 whatever/no matter what 69 as 70 As far as 71 if 72 because 73 before 74 until 75 as if 76 unless 77 so..that 78 since 79 when/as soon as 80 however/no matter howC 关系代/副词1 which2 whom3 that4 which5 that6 when7 As8 whose9 where 10 that/which 11 which 12 where 13 that/which 14 as 15 as 16 which 17 why 18 that/which 19 whose 20 in which/that 21 who 22 where 23 when 24 which 25 that 26 who 27 whose 28 As 29 that/which 30 that。
高考英语语法填空答题技巧(4篇)
高考英语语法填空答题技巧（4篇）高考英语语法填空答题技巧 1高考英语语法填空解题技巧无提示词一般考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等有提示词一般考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。
具体策略：(一)、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词;(二)、给出词语，词性的`变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀);(三)、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词;(四)、不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。
形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词;有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。
高考英语语法填空不给提示词范例例：【2015课标II】The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.答案与分析：the。
这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰，因此用定冠词。
例：【2015广东】He owned ______ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案与分析：a。
名词farm前应该有冠词，因为在文章中第一次出现，所以用不定冠词。
例：【2010广东】After the student left, the teacher let ______ student taste the water.答案与分析：another。
上文谈到一个学生让老师品尝他从沙漠里带了来的泉水，当那个学生离开后，老师让另一个学生品尝这泉水的味道。
初中英语语法填空练习10篇(附答案解析)
初中英语语法填空练习10篇（附答案解析）（一）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yokohama Chinatown is the 1．(large) among Japan's three Chinatowns, which lies in downtown Yokohama. 2．large number of Chinese stores and restaurants can be found in the narrow and colorful streets of the Chinatown.From this month, the Yokohama Chinatown Development Association (YCDA) will be busy 3．(start) the "Yokohama Chinatown Tour" all year round. Visitors will find it extremely necessary to make use 4．the chance to enjoy lunch while learning Chinese food culture and traditional arts with the Yokohama Chinatown doorkeeper 5．will tell stories about its history and culture.The first event with the theme (主题) of "Meeting to enjoy Chinese tea" 6．(hold) next week. A Chinese specialty store (专卖店) has been set up 7．(allow) people to first learn about tea ceremony and different 8．(type) of tea, and then enjoy lunch at a Chinese restaurant.According to the organizers, in September, the theme will be "Mid-Autumn Festival mooncake making experience", when visitors will make mooncakes by 9．(they). After that, the organizers plan to hold events in November and next January with the theme of Spring Festival."It is a 10．(meaning) tour to experience traditional Chinese culture. Let's enjoy it together," an official of YCDA said.【答案】1．largest；2．A；3．starting；4．of；5．who/that；6．will be held；7．to allow；8．types；9．themselves；10．meaningful【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从本月起位于横滨的唐人街——日本三个唐人街中最大的，将举行横滨唐人街游玩活动，届时人们将体验到中国的茶文化、中秋节和其它中国的传统文化。
高考英语语法填空题讲解及答案
高考英语语法填空题专题讲解及答案陆平艳1.语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容2. 语法填空命题特点是什么①语法和词汇(考试重点)②上下文连贯性(语境)101.51510150151共10个小题每题1.5分满分15分须在10分钟内完成短文长度150词左右设空间距15词左右每格不肯定1个词(特殊是谓语或非谓语动词形式)侧重语境加语法语法占关键1. 名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 介词和介词短语;5. 连词;6. 形容词;7. 副词;8. 冠词;9. 动词;10. 时态;11. 被动语态;12. 非谓语动词;13. 构词法;14. 句子种类;15. 句子成分;16. 简洁句基本句型;17. 主谓一样;18. 并列复合句;19. 主从复合句;20. 间接引语;21. 省略;22. 倒装;23. 强调;24. 虚拟语气.语法填空考哪些语法项目1. 阅读/理解语篇的实力;2. 分析句子结构的实力;3. 娴熟运用语法的实力.语法填空题实力要求重在基础语法和句子结构分析:从语法角度去考虑,填的是语法词,包括功能词和词形变换两个方面.不限定一个词.句子方面,要学会正确分析句子的结构,如主谓宾等;还要会区分主从句的层次.特殊是动词的成分,是否谓语动词.语法填空题解题方向1. 章法4. 惯用法2. 句法3. 词法语法语法填空题型的解题思路语法填空解题技巧("由大到小" )1,通读全文,了解大意,把握特征,弄清文脉.2,巧用已知,连线画图,降低难度,铺平道路.3,理解句意,分析结构,大胆揣测,各个击破.4,重读全篇,细致核查,语法正确,语意贯穿.5,拼法正确,书写规范,大小写精确(留意三写).依据语法学问进行填充依据逻辑关系进行填充依据语篇标记进行填充语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位(句群,段落,篇章等).语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词,我们称这些词为"语篇标记词".如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等;表示逻辑关系的有thus,therefore,so等;表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等."语篇标记词"对快速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文关系很有帮助.4.依据固定词组进行填充娴熟驾驭一些常见的词组,如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulate…on…, devote…to…, earn one's living, keep one's word, make up one's mind 等,对解题很有帮助.5. 依据句型搭配进行填,就是依据一些常用的句型搭配,如so/such…that…, it is…(for sb.) to do sth., There is no doubt that…, there is no sense in doing sth.等来解题.6. 依据词汇学问进行填充指依据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题.如下列各类动词必需牢记:只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词,只能接to do作宾语的动词,接to do作补语的动词,接do作补语的动词,接doing或done作补语的动词,对句式搭配要求较为特殊的词语,等等.7. 依据生活常识进行填充实践及提高Practice makes perfect!Will _1_ matter if you don't take your breakfast Recently a test __2___ (give) in the United Sates. Those tests included people of different ____3___ from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got __4____ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see ___5___ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten__6____ certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect ___7__ if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be ___8__ (especial) true if a person works ___9__ his brains. For example, if a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with___10__ (much) attention in class.1. It2. were given3. Ages4. No5. how6. a7. than8. especially9. with 10. more备考策略1.不断记忆,积累词汇.语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求,它不但要求考生相识单词,还要求能写出一些要求的单词.这就要求考生平常不断地记忆单词,不断地积累词汇,想方设法地把我们的词汇量提高上去.考试时才能为所欲为的写出单词,填出固定搭配.2.夯实基础,学好语法.英语的基础学问琐碎繁杂,不是一朝一夕就能驾驭的,它要求我们平常多听,多读,多记,夯实自己的基础学问;我们还要坚决不移地加强语法的学习,尤其是长句,难句,困难句的分析.只有这样,才能为综合实力的提高打下坚实的基础.3.大声朗读,培育语感.语感是一种对语言,语段或词句的感受实力,是一种看不见摸不着的东西,但在做完形填空题时又是必不行少的东西.娴熟的语感的形成不是一蹴而就的,要在平常的学习过程中多听,多读,尤其是大声朗读犹为重要.在早读或晚读时间,抛开顾忌,放开喉咙,大声朗读,对培育语感是特别重要的.假如通过朗读能够多背诵一些课文是再好不过的了.语感在你的朗读和背诵课文的过程中,不知不觉地逐步形成了.4.坚持不懈,多做练习.语法填空是一种新题型,考生在前几年都不曾练过的.但是高考中又占了总分的特别之一,特别重要.因此要求考生在考前一段时间要大量练习这种题型,不断练习,不断总结,不断提高,高考时才能处变不惊,轻松应对.练习及思索解答语法填空的八条思路1.依据语法学问进行填空2.依据逻辑关系进行填空3.依据语篇标记进行填空4.依据固定词组进行填空5.依据句型搭配进行填空6.依据词汇学问进行填空7.依据生活常识进行填空8.依据文化背景进行填空A proverb says, "Time is money". But in my opinion, time is even __1__ precious than money. Why ___2____ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is ___3__ , it will never return. ___4__ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make ___5___use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in __6___ future.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people ___7__ do not realize the valueof time. They ___8__ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.In a word, we should form the good habit of ____9___ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today ___10___ tomorrow.1. More2. Because3. Gone4. It5. good / full6. The7.Who 8. spend / waste 9. Saving 10. till / until1.由than可知,precious要用比较级,多音节形容词的比较级前加more,故此题答案为more.2. 因前句用Why提问,应当用because来回答,故此题答案是because3. 由表示转折however的可知,是指当时间失去的时候,表示"失去"是gone.4.填it,形式主语,真正主语是后面由that引导的主语从句5.有表示结果的Therefore可知,应充分利用时间,故用形容词full或good来修饰名词.6. 表示"在将来",固定短语in the future7.因there are是个句子,do not …应是一个定语从句,从句缺主语,先行词是人,应填入who.8.由time smoking可想到是spend/waste time (in) doing句型,这是由spend/waste的用法所确定的;这里是一般现在时,主语是复数,填spend/waste9. 因of是介词,介词后的动词通常用-ing形式,故填saving10.结合生活常识,不难理解句意为"不要把今日能做的事情推迟到明天做",答案自然是表示"直到"的until/till.学习建议:1. 驾驭单词,词组2. 懂得分析句子结构3. 多听,多说,多读,多写,增加语感adj. / a. 形容词adv. / ad. 副词prep. 介词conj. 连词num. 数词int. 感叹词vt. 及物动词（后面要加宾语）vi. 不及物动词（后面不加宾语）n. 名词pron. 代词。
语法填空知识点总结
语法填空知识点总结语法填空题在英语考试中占有重要的地位，考查着学生对语法知识的掌握程度。
通过语法填空题的练习，可以帮助学生巩固和提高语法知识，提高英语应用能力。
本文将就语法填空题的知识点进行总结，包括冠词、代词、名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词以及连词等。
一、冠词冠词是一种虚词，包括不定冠词a, an和定冠词the。
不定冠词a, an用于泛指单数可数名词，表示“一个”，例如a book(一本书)，an egg(一个鸡蛋)。
定冠词the用于特指或泛指的单数、复数名词，表示“那个，那些”，例如the girl(那个女孩)，the boys(那些男孩)。
二、代词代词是用来代替名词的词语，分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。
人称代词包括主格和宾格，用于替代人的名词，主格包括I, you, he, she, it, we, they，宾格包括me, you, him, her, it, us, them。
物主代词用于表示所属关系，包括my, your, his, her, its, our, their。
反身代词表示动作的承受者与行为者是一个人或一事物，包括myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves。
指示代词用于指示人或事物的位置关系，包括this, that, these, those。
疑问代词用于表示事物或性质的名称，包括what, which, who, whom, whose。
三、名词名词是指的人、事、物的名称。
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可以有单数和复数形式，例如book(书)和books(书)；不可数名词只有单数形式，例如water(水)，表示一类事物的整体。
名词的构成有单复数、所有格、专有名词等。
当名词是专有名词时，通常不加冠词，例如Beijing(北京)；当名词是普通名词时，通常需要加上冠词，例如the book(这本书)。
语法填空冠词知识点总结
语法填空冠词知识点总结语法填空是英语学习中一个重要的练习方式，通过填空可以锻炼学生对语法规则的理解和运用。
而冠词作为一个重要的语法点在语法填空中也是经常出现的。
因此，掌握冠词的用法对于英语学习者来说是非常重要的。
一、定冠词定冠词有两个，即“the”，“the”是英语中唯一的定冠词，其主要用法有以下几点：1. 特指某一物或某一人如：The boy is reading a book.2. 特指上下文中已经提及过的物或人如：I saw a cat. The cat was black.3. 特指独一无二的事物如：the sun, the moon4. 特指乐器如：She is good at playing the piano.5. 表示方向如：the South（南方）二、不定冠词不定冠词有两个，即“a”，“an”，其主要用法有以下几点：1. 表示泛指如：I am a teacher.2. 表示数量为“一个”的情况如：She has a cat.3. 表示口语中省略的情况如：I saw a man yesterday.4. 在表示职业、国籍、宗教等名词前使用如：He is a Chinese.三、零冠词零冠词指不使用冠词的情况。
零冠词的使用有以下几个方面：1. 物质名词，抽象名词以及专有名词前不用冠词如：water, love, Beijing2. 表示一类人或一类事物的抽象名词前不用冠词如：Children should obey their parents.3. 在表示一般概念的名词前不用冠词如：Honesty is the best policy.四、冠词使用的错误情况1. 误用冠词的情况如：He has a lot of experience.错误：He has a lot of the experience.2. 不使用冠词的情况如：He is teacher.错误：He is a teacher.3. 误用不定冠词“a”和“an”的情况错误：I am an one teacher.正确：I am a teacher.五、对比“a”和“the”1. “a”是不定冠词，表示一个，泛指的意思。
(英语)英语语法填空题20套(带答案)
（英语）英语语法填空题20套(带答案)一、高中英语语法填空1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A few months ________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym whenshe ________(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered tohelp her. The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. "This woman felt every bit her age." she recalled. "I don't let age stop me. Ineed a good mood, really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I ________ (make)over the years. I'm only as old as I feel."Each of us has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays. But some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while others do not. Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some ________(connect)among them. People ________a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend ________(score) "younger" on these assessments.When scientists ask, "How old do you feel, most of the time?" the answer can reflect the stateof people's physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual one, ________is called "subjective age".【答案】earlier；noticed；explaining；have made；an；youthful/young；connection/connections；with；to score；which【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有的人看起来比实际年龄小，是因为健康的生活方式，好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻，研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年龄。
中考英语专项练习-语法填空20篇(含解析)
语法填空20篇Passage 1（2024·浙江宁波·一模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Have you heard of the saying “Fall down seven times, stand up eight.”? It means that no matter 1 difficult things you have gotten and no matter how many mistakes you have made, you still have the passion and energy to keep going. This is called perseverance (毅力) and it can help you achieve some life 2 (goal).Perseverance means keeping 3 (do) something over a long time, even when the going gets more and more difficult. 4 is believed that you can achieve a goal if you prepare to work for it. Practicing a trick on your bike over and over again or finishing a picture without throwing it away shows perseverance. Florence, 12, says, “It means never giving up, being determined and trying your best 5 (keep) pushing yourself. I go running with my mom three times a week, even when I don’t feel like it, because I want to be the 6 (fast) in my class. ”Studies show that feeling hopeful and working towards a goal can reduce stress and make you feel happier. Achieving what you’ve worked for can develop your confidence. It can 7 make you feel braver to try new things. Angela Duckworth, 8 expert in thoughts and feelings, believes that it doesn’t matter how talented, clever or rich you are, having perseverance is what really helps you succeed. She explains, “No matter how talented you are, and no matter how easily your lessons 9 (finish) well, you should have perseverance.”Duckworth believes perseverance is something anyone can lean. The best way to do this is to have a growth mind. This means you should 10 (believe) that your brain can grow, and that you can achieve anything if you put your mind to it. So instead of thinking “I can’t do this”, try thinking “I can’t do this…yet”.Passage 2（2024·湖南长沙·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(英语)高一英语语法填空题20套(带答案)含解析
（英语）高一英语语法填空题20套(带答案)含解析一、语法填空1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cathy Martin is a hurricane hunter with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). For six months each year, she is part of a team that collects ________ she describes as "vital data, to save life and property."When winds pick up, ________(spin) toward the Caribbean and U. S. coastline, Martin and ________(she) flight team spring into action.They use instruments called dropsondes, which ________(set) free from a tube at the back ofthe plane. As a dropsonde makes its 10,000-foot landing into the sea, it sends out informationabout air temperature, pressure, humidity, and the speed and ________(direct) of the wind.On an eight-hour flight, Martin's team ________(typical) drops 15 to 20 dropsondes while flying from one side of the storm ________ the other, trying to cover as much ground as possible. They head for the center (or eye) of the storm, ________ there's no wind, and also search for the strongest winds, to help people on the coast prepare for what's coming. Sometimes, they will usean unmanned aircraft ________ (gather) data closer to the ocean's surface.Though these flights can be long,________(tire) and often last several days in a row, Martin likes her job and wishes she could fly every day.【答案】 what；spinning；her；are set；direction；typically；to；where；to gather；tiring 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Cathy Martin 以及她的团队是如何收集数据预测飓风的。
英语英语语法填空及答案及解析
英语英语语法填空及答案及解析一、英语语法填空1．语法填空Last night I went to a concert of Chinese folk music. ________ piece which was played on the echo especially moved me. I was made________（feel）sad and painful ________（strong）.The piece ________（name）Erquan Yingyue, but it was one of ________（move）pieces of music that I've ever heard. The echo sounded so sad ________ I almost cried along with it as I listened. Abing, ________ was a folk musician, wrote the music. He could play many musical ________（instrument） with his father's help. By age 17, he was known ________ his musical skills. Today, Abing's Erquan Yingyue is a piece which all the greatest echo masters play and praise. It ________（become）one of China's national treasures.2．阅读下面材料，在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（每空1个单词）A group of boys gathered around a tree. "What a tall tree!" they said to each other. "It would be exciting to climb to the top!"The group of boys then decided to play a game to see who could ________（climb） to the top of the tree first. Their ________（mother） were sitting not far away, looking on at them as they played.One of the climbers was________（冠词）8-year-old boy named David. He was the________ （short） child in the group. Nobody thought he would win the competition.Then the game started. All of the boys tried ________（ they 1 best to climb as high as they could. ________（连词）they all made it halfway up the tree before David did, he reached the top of the tree first in the end.His mother was proud to see this. She asked him, "David, how did you manage to reach the top of the tree so ________（quick）?""It was easy, "David said. "The other children ________（keep）looking down as they climbed. When they realized how high they were, they got scared and were afraid of ________（fall） down. I, however, looked only up. When I saw how close I was, I just went higher and higher until I reached the lop."It is true in life that if we just keep going forward________（介词）looking back, we are more likely to reach our goals and achieve success.3．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
英语语法填空题20套(带答案)及解析
英语语法填空题20套（带答案）及解析第一套：1. Tom ______(be) very happy because he ______(pass) the exam.答案：is, passed解析：句意为“汤姆很开心，因为他通过了考试。
”第一空表示现在时态，用is；第二空表示过去发生的事情，用passed。
2. If it ______(rain) tomorrow, we will stay at home.答案：rains解析：句意为“如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
”这是一个条件状语从句，表示将来时态，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，故用rains。
3. She ______(not finish) her homework yet.答案：hasn't finished第二套：答案：write解析：句意为“老师要求学生们写一篇关于他们暑假的作文。
”ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，故用write。
5. Look! The children ______(play) football in the playground.答案：are playing解析：句意为“看！孩子们正在操场上踢足球。
”这里描述的是正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，故用are playing。
6. By the time he was 30, Edison ______(invent) more thana thousand things.答案：had invented解析：句意为“到30岁时，爱迪生已经发明了一千多种东西。
”这里强调过去的过去，用过去完成时，故用had invented。
第三套：7. Neither you nor he ______(be) responsible for the accident.答案：is解析：句意为“你和他都不对这起事故负责。
”neither nor 结构中，遵循就近原则，谓语动词应与最靠近它的主语一致，故用is。
语法填空英语怎么说
语法填空英语怎么说
语法填空用英语可表达为：fill in the blanks with your grammatical knowledge。
语法填空主要是从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。
————fill in the blanks with your grammatical knowledge————
一、语法填空用英语还有哪些表达形式（1）fill in the blanks with your grammatical knowledge
（2）fill a vacant position
（3）fill in the blanks
（4）fill a vacancy
二、什么是语法填空语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，这一
题型的测试是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。
三、语法填空的形式这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。
这一转变体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。
四、语法填空的目前地位2014年课标高考考试说明给出的样题为10个空的对话体语篇语法填空；广东卷为10个空的阅读体语篇语法填空；上海卷为16个空的两篇阅读体的语篇语法填空；辽宁卷卷为一篇10个空的对话体语篇语法填空。
目前已经有多本针对不同省份相应题型的语法填空专项训练，不同省区的考生要有针对性的选择使用语法填空专项训练的书籍。
全国高考卷----语法填空
全国高考卷----语法填空从2014和2015年新课标全国卷的高考题来看，语法填空分为两类：一类是给出提示词（7道题）；二是纯空题（3道题）。
词类方面，以考查实词为主，虚词为辅。
实词以动词、形容词、副词为主，其中动词又是重中之重；虚词以连词、介词、冠词为主。
句法方面主要考查非谓语动词、并列连词和复合句的引导词。
从语法方面的考查内容及题目的设计能够看出，考查的都是最基本的语法知识，题目中也没有过多的陷阱。
语法填空题的解题思路1.通读全文，把握语篇。
2.结合语境，依据句法、词法知识填空。
3.验证复查。
一大类：提示词一、动词技巧1：若句子没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有了谓语动词，但需要填的动词与之之间有连接词，所填动词就是谓语动词形式。
若是谓语动词，就要考虑动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（根据时间状语、上下文语境判断）。
特别要注意时态变化时动词的拼写以及一些特殊句型中动词的时态。
1. Unless extra money ____________ (find), the theater will close.2. The plane _______________ (take) off at 5 ：00.3. He _______________ (work) on the farm for eight years. Now he is a movie star.4. This coastal area ________________ (name) a national wildlife reserve last year.5. The new teaching building _______________ (build) next year.6. There will be an NBA basketball final tomorrow morning but it is a pity that I __________ (attend) a meeting then.7. Up to now, they ____________ (visit) more than 1000 experts.8. It ________ 3 years since we __________________ (meet) each other last time. The twins, who ________________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.9. She ________________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.10. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ______________ (decorate).11. It is the first time that I __________________ (win) first prize in the English speech contest.12. I ______________ (do) my homework when someone knocked at the door.技巧2：若句子已有谓语动词，但不存有连接两个谓语动词的连接词，那么所填动词就选择非谓语动词形式。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
语法填空一.There 1______________(be) a new modern art exhibition downtown for the last three days, which 2______________(close) this coming Sunday. Having got two tickets for it, I 3_________________(consider) inviting my friend Tony to go along with me. I know that he 4________________(finish) his final paper by Sunday and can afford the time.He once 5____________ (tell) me that he likes modern art, so I think he will be interested in this exhibition. Just this morning, when I entered my office, my colleagues 6_______________(talk) about it, and some of them said they 7_____________(go) to see it already, The exhibition 8________________________(hold) in ten more big cities in America after it goes to San Francisco next week.I’ve just called Tony and he has agreed to go with me, saying that he 9_______________(look) forward to going to an exhibition for months. I will call for him this Sunday. I’ll go home for lunch now, as I 10______________(starve).答案：1.has been2.will close3.am considering4.will have finished5.told6.were talking7.had gone8.will be held9.has been looking 10.am starving二．1________________(stand) at the window of an expensive shop was a young woman 2__________(dress) in blue jeans. She went in and asked 3____________________(see) a dress that was in the window. The assistant 4_____________(serve) her didn’t like the way she was dressed and told her the dress was sold in advance. The woman walked out of the shop angrily. 5___________________(decide) to punish the assistant, the woman returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in her hand. Finding the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, he was eager 6____________________(serve) her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. Seeing this, the woman said that she didn’t like it. She enjoyed herself by making the assistant 7_________________(bring) almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had at first asked for. She was very 8_____________(please) with what she had done. Taking the dress, she left the shop. 9_________________(recognize) the woman by now, the assistant didn’t feel angry. Instead, he felt sorry for what he had done the day before, and apologized to her for what he had done. The woman forgave him and later is said 10________________(become) a regular customer of the shop.答案：1.Standing2.dressed3.to see4.serving5.Deciding/ Having decided6.to serve7.bring8.pleased9.Having recognized 10.to have become三. As we know, water is very important 1________ man. However, when my classmates and I went to town together 2____ bike on Saturday, we found many car washes on both sides of the road. Now towns are badly short 3______ fresh water. We should save every drop of water 4______ our daily life. Water, especially fresh water, is very important to us. We should be clear5 _______ the fact and I hope the government can take measures to solve the problem as soon as possible. Do you agree 6_________ me about this point?As a student, we should do our part 7________ protecting water. Firstly, we should know that in our daily life, we should save water electricity and paper. Moreover, recycle whatever we can, 8_____________ the water that has been used. Last but not least, don’t forget to influence those 9_________ you to follow, and raise their awareness of saving water! If we don’t act now to protect water, it will fun out one day, which will be a threat 10_________ the survival of us human beings.答案：1.to2. by3. of4. in5. about/ on6.with7. in8. including9. around 10. to四.Last month, I stayed in 1_______ countryside for some time. Each evening I would take 2______ walk in the fields. During 3_________ day, I sometimes stayed indoors and did some reading. Actually, we should have 4_______ patience to read a book so that we’ll have 5_______ better understanding of life.I’m working in a large company and have a busy life. Thomas lee, 6________ newly elected president of our company, thinks highly of me and gets me to be in charge of two departments. But I have to make 7______ compromise with him to have a chance once in 8______ while of some time free from work.Just yesterday, Thomas called me. He said on 9______ phone that I would get back to work soon, so that I could settle some problems that had been left unsettled in 10_______ absence of me, one who should be in charge.答案：1.the2.a3. the4. the5. a6. the7. a8. a9.the 10.the五.Look at this photo. Lucy went on her trip to the 1___________ (mountain)! She’s really a born 2_________(beautiful), isn’tshe? Well, I’m just telling the 3________(true). She once told me that she usually put cucumber slices on her face, those little greenish 4_____________(thing). Haven’t you heard they say on TV that cucumbers soften the skin, wipe out the 5___________(rough) and build 6______________(strong)? Yeah! They wipe out tight, tired feelings and remove lines and age __________(sign).As for me, I have a 8__________(prefer) for a walk in the open. For one thing, the fresh air can help me get rid of those negative 9________________(feel), thus making me refreshed for the day’s work again.Actually, staying energetic and keeping beautiful 10________ (be) a necessity for us in our career. Being energetic, we can pace ourselves and work more efficiently. Staying young with good looks, we’ll be more confident in our daily work.答案：1.mountains2.beauty3.truth4.things5.roughness6. strength7.signs8. preference9. feelings 10.are。