V-ing形式(短语)用法
Ving用法
V-ing的用法复习1.V-ing的否定式：V-ing的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。
如：eg. His not coming made all of us angry. （动名词的复合式做主语）2.V-ing的一般式和完成式：V-ing的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
3. V-ing的被动式：V-ing的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing动作的承受者。
根据V-ing 动作发生的时间，V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如：The question being discussed now is very important. 正在被讨论的...Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing 常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
如：Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. This book is well worth reading.4.V-ing的语法作用V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)V–ing（短语）作主语：Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
高考语法之V+ing形式
V-ing 的用法：
(1)作主语
Swimming is good for health.
游泳对健康有益。
Raising your hat to a lady is good manners.
对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。
(2) 作表语
Teaching is learning.
教学相长．
My hobby is making model planes.
我的嗜好是做模型飞机．
注意
1. V-ing形式和不定式都可表示比较抽象的一般
性的行为；而表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来 的动作时，多用不定式。
To obey/Obeying the law is everyone’s duty.
2. V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是 不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是 Ving 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。
完成式 (not)having done (not)having been done
二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、 状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。
V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同 时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一 般式; V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词 之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中 也常以一般式代替完Байду номын сангаас式。
lifeguard. 小孩子被救生员救起，免于淹死。
注意：
在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, can’t help 等后只接V-ing形
ing用法
The bridge t_o_b_e_b_u_ilt next year will be two kilometers long.
V-ing与V-ed作定语的区别：
表示心理状态的动词：excite, interest, inspire, encourage, frighten, move, please, puzzle, surprise, tire, worry.
D. running; surprising
• I would have him _____ for me at the school gate.
A. wait B. waits C. waiting D. waited
3.V-ing 作主语：
1. Reading aloud is important in learning a foreign language.
V-ing被动式：being done
being done --表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，正在进行.
done --动作发生在谓语动词之前，完成了的动作 --动作发生在谓语动词之后，未来的动作用 to be done.
The bridge b_e_in_g b_u_ilt now is two kilometers long.
（2）有些动词既可接动名词又可 接不定式作宾语，意义上没有什
么区别。 如：begin, start, like, love, prefer
V-ing表示一般概念或经常性、习惯性的 动作；
to V 表示具体的一次性动作。
（3）某物作主语时，谓语动词 need, want, require等之后的宾语 用V-ing 的主动形式，或者用不定
V-ing的用法
There
is no sense in doing 做、、、没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干、、、无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、、、更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干、、、无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.
注意：There
is no need to do sth 干、、、 没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.. 没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her. 注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词 和名词所有格构成。 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sister's being ill made we worried. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
appearance.
五、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修 饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者 的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者 的动作或状态。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
注意：-ing与不定式的比较： -ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则 通常表示具体的动作。
我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。 I like reading ，but now I like to see a film .
V.-ing形式的用法2.
• 2.在有些动词，如：regard,discribe,accept,think of,look on等 之后可有as引出 v-ing形式作宾补。 • • 例句：They describe the cartoon as being attractive. • 他们描述说那部动画片很吸引人。
v.-ing形式的用法
v.-ing形式作定语
• 1.动名词（短语）作主语，表示名词的作用或用途。 作“供…用 ”讲，相当于一个介词for短语。 例句：There is a swimming poll(=a poll for swimming)in our school. • 我们学校有一个游泳池 • Students are not poermitted to speak aloud in the reading room(=the room for reading). • 阅览室里不允许学生们大声喧哗。
3.现在分词、动名词、过去分词和动词不定式作 定语的区别：
• • • • • • • • • • • • 1.现在分词作定语，表示该动作正在进行，被修饰词与其为主动关系。 The man making a call specialist. 正在打电话的那个人是一个专家 2.动名词作定语，通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，与被修饰词之间是 目的或用途关系。 Measure the screen with a masuring tape. 用卷尺测量一下屏幕。 3.过去分词作定语，表示该动作已完成，被修饰词与其为被动关系。 I ignored the changed situation. 我忽视了已经变化的趋势. 4.动词不定式作定语，表示将来的动作。 He said he had an important problem to solve. 他说他有个重要问题要解决。
Ving形式用法及记忆方法
Ving形式用法在句中用主、宾、表、定、状、宾补。
不能单独作谓语。
1．作主语。
Playing with fire is dangerous.( 一般或多次反复的，经常性的动作)To play with fire will be dangerous. (具体的或一次性，临时性的动作)常用I t’s + no use ( help / good/ harm/a waste of time )+ VingI t’s + adj.(easy / important..) +to doIt’s not easy to learn English well. It’s no good smoking2.作宾语。
I like swimming, ( 经常性或多次反复的动作) but I don’t like to swim today. (临时性或一次性的动作)(1)V + do 原形听(hear ,listen to )观(see ,look , notice , watch,observe ) 感( feel )使(make ,have)让(let )帮(help) Let’s go home.(2) V + doing .他承认（admit）情不自禁(can’t help)想(miss ,imagine，fancy)建议(advise)，为了避免(avoid,escape)迈迪mind开始(start/ begin)否认(deny)更喜欢(prefer , like ,enjoy. feel like, be fond of )保存(keep )冒险(risk)延误(delay)完成(finish)的练习(practise)，是值得(be worth)花时间(spend)考虑的( consider)。
Do you mind opening the door.(3) V + sb + to do / V + doing允许(allow , permit )建议(advise，recommend)禁止(forbid)鼓励(encourage)We don’t allow smoking. We don’t allow you to smoke.(4) V + to do (未发生) / V + doing（已发生）他开始(start,begin)继续(go ,continue)不停(stop)地打算(mean)尝试(try)忘(forget)记(remember)过去后悔(regret)的，不讨(hate)人喜欢(like)的东西。
V-ing形式的用法
V-ing形式的用法V-ing形式分为动名词和现在分词。
现在分词（Present Participle）是分词的一种，分词又分为V-ing形式和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质。
一：V-ing形式的三个基本特点:1.在时间上表示动作正在进行。
例如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。
（试比较：a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳）2. 在语态上表示主动。
例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级）3. 在含义上表示“令人……”；表示习惯性、抽象性；表示种类、用途。
二：时态与语态主动被动一般式doing Being done完成式having done Having been done三：否定式：所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not1）V-ing形式的时态：V-ing形式本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。
这一点和不定式用法相同。
A)V-ing形式的一般式：doing表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。
如：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.She smelt something burning.(smelt发生在burning的过程中。
) 她闻到有东西烧焦了。
She sat on the chair, reading a novel.B)V-ing形式的完成式：having done表示V-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
v-ing
1.He attended the party without ____.
A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited
regret/admit doing = regret/admit having done
2.Bella was unhappy for _____ the first chance to go abroad. A. not having been given B. not having given C. not giving D. having been given
V-ing 作表语
说明主语的内容,回答what 的问题. What is your job? 动名词 My job is teaching.
说明主语的性质特征,回答how的问题.(…的) How is the play? 现在分词 The play is exciting.
非谓语动词
成分
形式
主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
A. having shutted B. shut C. shutting D. being shut
动作发生在谓语动词之后
___ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
not Having finished his homework， he went to bed． Having realized why he had failed in the exam, he has made up his mind to work harder from now on．
V-ing的用法
V-ing形式是英语中非谓语动词的一种，它在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
一、V-ing形式作主语表示泛指意义的行为。
谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
如：Saving money is a good habit.二、V-ing形式作宾语1. 有些动词后常跟V-ing形式作宾语，常见的有finish，practice，enjoy，suggest，keep，mind，advise等。
如：A young man practiced speaking English with Mr. Green just now.2. 有些动词词组或某些结构后常跟V-ing形式，常见的有give up，look forward to，feel like，pay attention to，put off，succeed in，be / get used to，can‘t help，be interested in，be afraid of，be busy等。
如：He gave up smoking in the end.注意：1. 某些动词后既可跟动词不定式，也可跟V-ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同，常见的有remember to do sth. （记住去做某事），remember doing sth. （记得做过某事）；forget to do sth. （忘记去做某事），forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事）；stop to do sth. （停下来去做另一件事），stop doing sth （停止做某事）；try to do sth.（尽力做某事），try doing sth.（尝试做某事）等。
2. 还有一些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，也可跟V-ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思无多大区别，常见的有love，like，hate，prefer，begin，start，continue等。
三、V-ing形式作宾语补足语通常表示动作正在进行，能带这类结构的动词多为感官动词（如see，watch，hear等）以及某些使役动词（如keep，get 等）。
ving形式的基本用法
ving形式的基本用法Ving形式，也就是Gerund形式，是英语中的一种名词形式，它由动词的现在分词形式+ing构成。
Ving形式的基本用法非常广泛，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、介词宾语和表语等角色，下面将详细介绍ving形式的基本用法及其用例。
1、Ving形式作为主语Ving形式可以作为句子的主语，用来表示一些动作或状态。
在这种句子中，主语通常位于句子的开头，后面跟着谓语。
例如：- Swimming is my favorite sport. - Reading before bed helps me sleep better. - Skiing in the mountains is dangerous if you're not careful.在这些例子中，"Swimming"，"Reading"和"Skiing"都是作为主语的Ving形式。
2、Ving形式作为宾语Ving形式也可以作为句子的宾语，用来表示动作或状态的对象。
在这种情况下，Ving形式通常跟在动词之后作为宾语出现。
例如：- I enjoy watching movies. - She suggested going out for dinner tonight. - Do you mind if I bring my dog along?在这些例子中，"watching"，"going"和"bringing"都是作为宾语的Ving形式。
3、Ving形式作为介词宾语Ving形式还可以作为介词的宾语，用来表示动作或状态的对象。
在这种情况下，Ving形式通常跟在介词之后作为介词宾语出现。
例如：- I'm looking forward to seeing the new Star Wars movie. - He's good at playing the guitar. - After finishing her homework, she went to bed.在这些例子中，"seeing"，"playing"和"finishing"都是作为介词宾语的Ving形式。
V-ing 详解
必修四 Unit 2---Unit 4 语法详解动名词和现在分词用法解析一、V-ing 形式概念<1> V-ing 形式包括两种:①动名词：具有名词特征,在句子中可作主语,宾语,表语,定语等.②现在分词: 具有形容词和副词特征,在句子中可作定语、状语、表语、宾补Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .〔现在分词短语,作状语〕他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的.She hates speaking in the public. 〔动名词短语,作宾语〕她不喜欢在公众场所讲话.Feeling the lesson boring, the students are sleepy.There are many sleeping students in class.Seeing is believing.I suggest going shopping tomorrow.The lesson is boring.<2> 动词ing时态与否认形式①V-ing 一般式表示这个动作正在进展或与谓语表示的动作同时发生.Eg: They went out of the classroom, talking and laughingThe large building Array being built is alibrary.② Ving完成式:强调这个的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成Eg: Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.Eg: Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.③动词ing的否认形式在ing的前面加not 或never的否认副词Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help.Never have been to Beijjing before, she felt at a loss where to go.二、动名词详解〔1〕动名词作主语Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易.Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴.注意：1. 动名词作主语,有时用it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面It's nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了.It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人.用it作形式主语,动名词短语位于之后,常用于一些固定句型中,如：It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的It is no good/use doing 做……是没用处的It ishardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得It is worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的注意区别：在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable …这类句型中,只能用不定式,如：It’s important to learn foreign languages.It’s quite necessary to read it many times.2."There is + no〞后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说.There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论.常见的固定句型如下：There is no doing 无法……There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理There is no use doing 干……无意义There is nothing worse than doing 没有比……更糟的There is no point doing 干……无意义注意：There is no need to do sth 没必要做...没有必要告诉她.__________________________________3. 动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式如此通常表示具体的动作.As a child,she felt that _________________ was a duty and a pleasure．还是个孩子的时侯,她就觉得探视病人是一种责任,也是一种愉悦.____________ in an American home will be a good experience for me.到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历.（2）动名词作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况.一是动词后接动名词作宾语,二是介词后接动名词作宾语①只能接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,cannot stand等.如：1>我不能不去.I can’t avoid going．2>你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered __________ one special friend3>我们必须设法防止犯<mit>同样的错误. We must try to _____________ the same mistake．4>人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人.People _________________________ foolish man．②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有：begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等.注意：1. 在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作.2. 在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同.如：remember to do 记得去做 remember doing 记得做过I’ll remember to post the letter．我会记着去寄信的.I remember posting the letter．我记得我已把信寄了.forget to do 忘了去做 forget doing 忘了做过Don’t forget to write to your mother．__________________________________________I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．________________________________try to do <设法做>try doing <试试做>1>我们必须设法与时把一切搞好. We must try to get everything done in time．2>我们用别的方法做这工作试试.Let’s try doing the working in some other way．mean to do 打算做,有意要做mean doing <意味着做>I didn’t mean to make you angry．______________________________In Beijing, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. ______________________________ go on to do <接着做另一件事> go on doing继续做一直在做的事1> 请接着做这同一个练习.______ the same exercise．2> 请做另外一个练习.________________ the other exercise．stop to do <停下正在干的事去干另一件事> stop doing<停止做>我们停止了交谈.________________________________我们停了下来去谈话.___________________3. 在表需要类动词,如need, want, require, 可用动名词主动形式表被动形式Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了.〔= want to be cut〕The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗.〔= requires to be washed〕My house needs painting. 我的房子需要油漆一下. 〔=need to be painted〕作介词宾语.I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition．我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物. We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits. 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯.我向你道歉,刚刚对你那样生气.I apologize __________________ so angry with you.离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方,感觉有点怪.__________ away for several years,it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up．（3）动名词作表语Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画.Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊.〔4〕动名词作定语动名词作定语,表示其所修饰名词的性质,或用途或功能,如：building materials = materials for building 建筑材料a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台三、现在分词详解（1）现在分词作定语现在分词作定语表示其所修饰的名词的动作,即: 现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系.通常能改为一个定语从句.如：developing countries 开展中国家a falling star 流星主要报纸 a running manThe man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang.= The man who is runningin the picture is Liu Xiang.注意：1. 单个现在分词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前,现在分词词组修饰名词如此置于名词之后此时相当于一个定语从句2. 动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质､状态或动作等｡试比拟:①a swimming boy"一个正在游泳的男孩〞,即a boy who is swimminga swimming suit "游泳衣〞,即a suit for swimming②a sleeping child "一个正在睡觉的孩子〞,即a child who is sleepinga sleeping car "卧车<被用来睡觉的车厢>〞,即 a car which is used for sleeping（2）现在分词作表语现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征,相当于形容词,含有"令人...",其主语通常是物.The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞.This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣.Your journey in Kenya is really exciting.What you did was disappointing.The nightmare I had last night was very frightening.注意：动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于"是〞,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.<可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换>②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.〔3〕现在分词作状语.现在分词与其短语可以用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等.其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后,也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生.Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我们爬到塔顶后,看到了一片壮丽的景象.〔表时间〕Living in the country, we had few social engagements.我们住在乡下,交际的机会很少.〔表原因〕Having money, he will buy a bigger car.〔表条件〕Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it..〔表让步〕The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了,头碰在门上碰破了.〔表结果〕He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着.〔表方式或伴随情况〕〔4〕现在分词用作宾语补语常见的带现在分词作补语的动词有：①表示感觉的动词,如：smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bankwaiting for it to open.The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.②某些使役动词,如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等We found him waiting to receive us. 我们发现他等着欢迎我们.We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧着.注意：现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补的区别.现在分词：动作正在进展；不定式：动作的全过程.I heard her singing a song just now. <正在进展的动作>I heard her sing a song just now.<听见全过程>四、现在分词使用的特殊情况〔1〕做独立成分情况有些分词可以独立存在,在句中没有逻辑上的主语,作为习惯用法.这些短语有：generally/frankly speaking 一般来说/坦白来说judging from/by 由....来判断taking all things into consideration从各方面来说eg:Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys.Judging from his accent, he is a new er.〔2〕被用作介词或连词的分词：supposing providing/provided 假设,假设,设想considering认为concerning/regarding 关于according to 按照talking of 谈到 speaking of 说到Eg: Supposing he won't pass the exam, what should he do ?According to his report, the situation is getting serious.五、动名词和现在分词练习〔1〕动名词1. No one enjoys_______at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2. You must do something to prevent your house_______ .A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in 3. They insisted on_______another chance to try.A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given4. —Where is my passport? I remember_______it here.—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember_______it with you all the time.A. to put; to take B. putting ;taking C. putting ;to take D. to put ;taking 5. His room needs_______, so he must have it.A. painting; painted B. painted; paintingC. painting; painting D. painted; painted 6. After finishing his homework he went on_______a letter to his parents.A.write B.writing C.wrote D.to write 7. The young trees we planted last week require_______with great care.A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D. taken good care of 8. Only_______English doesn't mean_______the language.A.to learn; to learn B.learning; learningC.learning about; learn D.learning about; learning 9. She returned home only to find the door open and something_______.A.missed B.to be missing C.missing D.to be missed 10. She decided to devote herself_______the problem of old age.A.to study C.to studying D.study 11. Remember_______the newspaper when you have finished it. A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be put back 12. As she is looking forward to_______from me, please remember______this letter on your way to school.A.hear; post B.hearing; to post C.be heard; posting D.be hearing; to posting 13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble_______your handwriting.A.to read B.to see C.reading C.in seeing 14. Writing stories and articles_______what I enjoy most.A.is B.are C.was D.were 15. Weappreciate_______us to the ball.A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited 16. Would you mind_______quiet for a moment? I'm trying_______a form.A. keeping; filling out B. to keep; to fill outC. keeping; to fill out D. to keep; filling out 17. He was afraid_______for being late.A.of seeing B.of being seen C.to be seen D.to have seen 18. I'd like to suggest_______the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off 19. I don't see how I could possiblymanage_______the work without .A. finish; helpingB. to finish; being helpedC. finishing; helpingD. finishing; being helped20. Anything worth_______is worthy of_______well.A.doing; being done B. doing; doingC. to be done; to be done D. to be done; being done 21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted_______the work.A.finish B.to finish C.in finishing D.on finishing22. I delayed_______your letter because I had been away for a week.A.answer B.answeringC.writingD.to post 23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape_______by the police.A.to be caught B.he caught C.being caught D.catching 24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I_______it at home. Then Iremembered_______it out to pay for the taxi.A.must have left; to take B.may leave; takingC.might leave; to take D.could have left; taking 25. _______the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.A.After hearing B.On hearing C.While hearing D.Having heared 26. _______his mother, the baby could not help.A.To see; to laugh B.Seeing; to laughC. Seeing; laughing D.To see; laughing 27. It's no use_______so much money on clothes.A.spend B.spent C.spending D.being spent 28. The sentenceneeds_______.A.improve B.a improvement C.improving D.improved 29. If hesucceeded_______a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hungernow.A.to find B.to look for C.in finding D.in looking for 30. I still remember_______to my home town when I was young.A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.to take1-5 CBCCA 6-10.DADCC11-15.CBCAC16-20.CBBBA 21-25.DBCDB CCC〔2〕现在分词1. The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of theburning house, ________for help.A. supporting; callingB. supported by; calledC. being supported by; calledD. being supporting; called 2. --- Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening? ---- We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon. A. be discussedB. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed 3. The brave mandied,________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage. A. left; breakingB. leaving; broken C. left; brokenD. to leave; breaking 4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been workedB. Not to have worked C. Having never workedD. Never have worked 5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father. A. No passingB. Having passed C. Not passingD. Not having passed 6. Time________, I can have done it better. A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit 7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.A. Since the key has lostB. The key been lostC. Lost the keyD. Having lost the key 8.________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now. A. Being translated B. Having translated C. To be translatedD. Having been translated 9. _____for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.A. Having blamedB. To blameC. Being to be blameD. Being to blame 10. ___from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. To sufferC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered 11. ________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge 12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to the rain.A. Trembling; exposingB. Trembled; exposedC. Trembled; exposingD. Trembling; exposed13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________. A. including B. being including C. to include D. included 14. ----Who were those people with the flags? ----A group________itself the League of Peace. A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called 15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told 16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night. A. burnt B. to burn C. being burnt D. burning 17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party________ at Marie’s house tomorrow. A. being held; to be heldB. to be held; held C. held; being heldD. to be held; to be held 18. The situation is more ________than ever. I’m ________about what to do next.A. puzzled; puzzledB. puzzling; puzzlingC. puzzling; puzzledD. puzzled; puzzling 19. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed.A. findB. findingC. foundD. to find 20. ________her mother had e, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard 21. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______fun.A. hadB. haveC. to haveD. having22. Don't leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run23. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A.having hung D.being hung24. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on 25. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countryin the world.A.Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated 26. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found______in the kitchen.A.smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. Smoked27. He sent me an , _______ to get further information.A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hopekey: 1-5. ACBCD 6-10 CDDDC 11-15 AADBC 16-20 DACBD 21-27 DBBACBB。
动词-ing变化规则
一、动词V-ing形式的用法1.用于进行时中，叫做现在分词。
基本句型：be+V-ing（注意be的变形）。
译为“正在...”01.现在进行式：（am，is，are）+V-ing02.过去进行式：（was，were）+V-ing03.将来进行式：（will be）+V-ing04.过去将来进行式：（would be）+V-ing05.现在完成进行式：（have been，has been）+V-ing06.过去完成进行式：（had been）+V-ing2.在某些特定动词和介词后边，用V-ing形式，这时V-ing叫做动名词，汉语意思不变。
这样的动词以后会单独专学。
3.某些动词变为V-ing形式后，起到形容词作用。
译为：“正在...的...”“令人感到...的”这部分会在V-ing变形结束后，近期会单列学习。
如：move（感动）---moving令人感动的，动人的Interest（使...感兴趣）---interesting 令人感兴趣的；有趣的二、动词ing形式的用法及变化规则：在动词词尾加-ing构成，其规则如下：1）一般情况下，在动词词尾直接加-ing，如：01.check（检查；核对）—checking 05.help（帮助）—helping02.call（叫；打电话给）—calling 06.look（看...）—looking03.rain（下雨）—raining 07.listen（听...；倾听）—listening04.answer（回答）—answering 08.talk（谈论；说话）—talking2）以一个字母-e结尾的单词，去掉字母-e，再加-ing，但是双写-ee结尾的，要直接加-ing。
如：01.move（移动；感动）—moving05.hope（希望）—hoping02.like（喜欢；愿意）—liking 06.agree（同意）—agreeing03.close（关闭；结束）—closing 07.see（看见）—seeing04.waste（浪费；消耗）—wasting 08.free（释放）—freeing3）以重读闭音节结尾，即“辅+元+辅”结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing。
V-ing形式做主语和宾语
V-ing 形式做主语和宾语一．V-ing的形式动词的-ing形式在句中可做主语和宾语，起一个名词的作用，我们通常称为“动名词”。
V-ing形式有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing形式还有主动语态和被动语态。
我们以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例，将其v-ing各种形式列之后，用一般式；v-ing形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用完成式。
Eg: What worried the child most was not being allowed t o visit his mother in the hospital./ Learning English well is very important to all of us./He was praised for having saved a boy’s life./二．V-ing形式的基本用法1. v-ing做主语1) v-ing形式做主语: 表示抽象的概念，泛指经常性、不具体的动作；通常直接置于句首，谓语动词通常用单数。
Getting up early is a good thing. / Saying without doing is of no use./Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.财产2）v-ing做主语时，如果其结构较长，可用形式主语it, 而将做主语的v-ing后置。
V-ing形式多为某些形容词和名词，此类句型有：It+ be + a waste of time doing… 做…是浪费时间的/It + is/was no good/ use doing… 做…是没有用的/Eg: It isn’t much good writing to them again./It is no use crying over spilt milk. 腹水难收/注意: 其他常见的能用于该结构的形容词还有: better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等3）v-ing形式用于“There be”结构中，此类句型有：There is no doing … 无法，不予许…/ There is no sense doing … 做…没道理/ There is no use doing … 干…没用的/There is/ was nothing worse than doing… 没用比…更糟的了/There is/was no point doing… 干…无意义/4）v-ing的复合结构做主语时，v-ing的逻辑主语要用名词或形容词性物主代词的所有格，通常不用名词的普通格或代词的宾格。
v-ing形式的基本用法
v-ing形式的基本用法（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing.–ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。
如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③do 限定词（my, some, any, the等）-ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon.Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon?④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that.Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate?注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing 短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。
V-ing形式用法小结
一、作主语，此时V-ing形式多表示一般或抽象的重复多次的行为。
例如：Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。
Laying eggs is the queen ant?蒺s full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
二、作宾语，此时V-ing形式起名词的作用，但又带有动词的特征，可有自己的宾语。
例如：We started climbing the mountain before it was light. 天亮前我们开始爬山。
I study English grammar by taking notes. 我通过做笔记学习英语语法。
三、作表语。
1. 用来说明主语的性质或特征。
例如：The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。
2. 表示抽象概念的动作。
例如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
【特别提醒】动名词作表语时与进行时态的现在分词形式相同，但意义不同。
His job is cleaning the room. 他的工作是打扫房间。
（动名词短语cleaning the room作表语，说明主语job的任务）He is cleaning the room. 他在打扫房间。
（现在分词cleaning 与is一起构成现在进行时，作谓语，说明主语he正在做的动作。
）四、作定语。
1. 作前置定语，用来说明被修饰词的用途和性质，即“……的”。
例如：The reading room is bright and large. 阅览室明亮而宽敞。
I found a sleeping baby on the bed. 我发现在床上有个熟睡的孩子。
2. 作后置定语，往往表示正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生的动作，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例如：The man standing by the window (= who is standing by the window) is our teacher. 那个站在窗户旁边的人是我们的老师。
v-ing 的用法
中专部
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-ing分词的被动式
-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词 动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时 间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如 ： Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他 把烟戒了。
育才中学
中专部
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注意
1.只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid， consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest, appreciate, dislike，delay，escape，imagine，postpone, mind， miss，practise，excuse，fancy ,risk , cannot stand, give up，put off，cannot help，feel like等。如： • 我不能不去。 • I can’t avoid going． • 你是否考虑过找一位挚友? • Have you considered looking for one special friend? 。
中专部
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look forward to 盼望, object to反对, pay attention to 注意, oppose to反对 get/be used to习惯于, devote to致力于 get down to着手, listen to pay a visit to , agree to be accustomed to习惯于，stick to坚持 apply oneself to致力于 contribute to 有助于 be related to与…有关
V-ing_的用法解析
在语态上，v-ing的主动式表示主动意义，被 动式表示被动意义。如：
He insisted on sending her to hospital. 他坚持要把她送到医院去。
He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside. 他坚持要被派到乡下工作。
done
v-ing形式的基本用法:
动名词在句中起名词的作用，可做 主语，宾语，表语和定语。
现在分词在句中可做定语，状语， 表语和宾语补足语。
V-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时 发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，用其一般式； v-ing形式表示的动作在主要动作之前发生，用 其完成式。例如：
What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
即：allow/ advise/ forbid/ permit + doing
或：allow/ advise/ forbid/ permit + sb. to do
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
7） should / would like / love 等后必须用 不定式。
一.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用ting stamps is his hobby. 2)用it 做形式主语，真正的主语——动名 词短语放在后面。常用于下列句式：
It is no use/ no good/ useless/ worthwhile/ dangerous/ a waste of time/ fun 等后需用 动名词做真正的主语。 It’s no use waiting for him any longer. It’s a waste of time arguing about it.
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V-ing形式（短语）做状语
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. Being ill, she went home. Having finished their work, they had a rest. Feeling tired, she went to bed early.
problem.
V-ing形式（短语）做宾语
He finished reading the book yesterday. I enjoy learning English. I’m looking forward to seeing you again. She suggested doing it in a different way.
V-ing形式（短语）做主语
Telling a lie got him into a great deal of trouble. Surfing is a popular sport along coastal areas. Seeing is believing. It is no use complaining—it doesn’t help solve the
V-ing形式（短语）做宾补
We heard her singsing in her room. You can see them performing every night this week
at the new theatre. We watch the children diving into the water from the
V-ing形式（短语）的用法
课件提纲
1.V-ing形式（短语）做主语 2.V-ing形式（短语）做宾语 3.既可跟v-ing形式做宾语，又可跟to do做宾语的动词及例句 4.V-ing形式（短语）做定语 5.V-ing形式（短语）做状语 6.V-ing形式（短语）做宾补 7.常跟v-ing形式做宾补的动词
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
regret to do st过的事感到遗憾
rember to do sth.记住要去做某事 rember doing sth.记得曾经做过的事
diving board. Listening to the birds singing.
常跟V-ing形式做宾补的动词
Set, catch, find, have, keep, get, leave, make, feel, see, hear, notice, observe, watch等。
afford, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, promise, seem等。
既可跟V-ing形式，又可跟to do (sth) 形式做宾 语，但意义不同的动词
forget, mean, regret, rember, try等。 比如： forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过的事
常跟V-ing形式做宾语的动词
Admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, consider, dislike, mind, miss, finish, keep, imagine, risk, practise, suggest等。
常跟 to do (sth) 形式做宾语的动词
try to do sth.努力去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
V-ing形式（短语）做定语
There is a swimming pool in our school. China is a developing country. The person translating the songs can speak seven