2014年、2015年同等学力考试真题及答案分析
2015年在职(同等学力)考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年在职（同等学力）考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. A1型题 2. A2型题 3. B1型题 4. X型题1．不受醛固酮控制的是A．钠离子B．氯离子C．水D．钾离子E．钙离子正确答案：E解析：醛固酮是调节机体细胞外液量和Na+、K+平衡的重要激素。
促进远曲小管对Na+、Cl—、水的重吸收，同时促进K+分泌。
2．细胞兴奋的标志是A．反射活动B．动作电位C．分泌活动D．收缩力E．张力正确答案：B解析：兴奋性是活组织或细胞对刺激产生反应的能力，这是生理学对兴奋性的最早的定义。
反射活动是神经调节的最基本方式。
在近代生理学中，兴奋性被理解为组织或细胞对刺激产生动作电位的能力。
收缩和分泌是细胞兴奋以后产生的结果。
张力是物质的机械特性。
3．静息电位等于A．钠离子的平衡电位B．钾离子的平衡电位C．氯离子的平衡电位D．钙离子的平衡电位E．镁离子的平衡电位正确答案：B解析：细胞静息时，膜主要允许K+通过，细胞内K+浓度高，沿化学梯度向外扩散，K+带的正电荷使膜外电位升高，形成的电场阻碍K+向外扩散。
当化学梯度的驱动力与电场的阻力相等时，没有K+的跨膜净移动，此时的跨膜电位不再改变，即是静息电位。
接近于K+的平衡电位。
4．属于继发性主动转运的是A．氧气B．钾离子C．氯离子D．脂肪酸E．葡萄糖正确答案：E解析：葡萄糖、氨基酸在小肠细胞的吸收属于继发性主动重吸收(与Na+的重吸收相关联)，继发性主动转运所需的能量是其他溶质顺电化学梯度转运时释放的。
5．以神经调节为主的生理过程A．体重稳定B．减压反射C．胃液分泌D．肾血流量稳定E．血糖稳定正确答案：B解析：减压反射指颈动脉窦和主动脉弓压力感受性反射。
当动脉血压升高时，这一反射过程引起的效应是使血压下降，故称减压反射。
所以减压反射是神经调节。
6．胸内负压形成的主要机理是A．两层胸膜紧贴在一起运动B．胸廓扩大缩小运动C．肺弹性回缩D．肺内大气压的变化E．呼吸肌舒缩活动正确答案：C解析：胸内压即胸腔内的压力。
同等学力英语历年真题及答案(十三年真题库2015-2003)
2015年同等学力英语考试真题Part I Oral Communication(10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneDo you know what a handicapped space is ?The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs.Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.Clerk: Well, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have aspecial permit. Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?Student: Yes ,I have seen those signs.Clerk: 3Dialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.B. May I have your driver’s license, please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?Student: Excuse me, I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter.Student: Thank you. I’ll do it right now.Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student : Here it is.Librarian : You seem to have filled the form out all right.___5___Student : Yes. I know what to do.Librarian : ____6____Student : OK . I see.Librarian : Thank you for joining the library, we look forward to serving you.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D , taken from the interview . Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A . And fooled the boys for a while.B . And I don’t think the boys have minded.C. Well , it’s because my British publisher.D . All this time I thought you were ‘J.K’.Winfrey : So , this is the first time we’ve met.Rowling : Yes ,it is .Winfrey : And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____7____Rowling : (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey : J.K is …Rowling : ____8_____ When the first book came out , they thought ‘ this is a book that will appeal to boys ’ ,but they didn’t want the boys to know a woman had written it . So they said to me ‘ could we use your initials ’ and I said ‘ fine ’. I only have one initial. I don’t have a middle name , So I took my favorite grandmother’s name, Kathleen.Winfrey : ____9_____Rowling : Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.Winfrey : ___10____Rowling : NO—it hasn’t held me back, has it?Part II Vocabulary(10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.There are several different options for getting Internet access.A. choicesB. definitionsC. channelsD. reasons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.A. mineralsB. substancesC. gasesD. beams13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile attitude toward customers.A. unfriendlyB. optimisticC. impatientD. positive Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.A. reviseB. implementC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.A. arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.A. take outB. turn overC. track downD. put in17. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. worsenedD. changed18. I couldn’t afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.A. alsoB. nonethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.A. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. exceptI prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowing a small bone.A. intentionallyB. unexpectedlyC. anxiouslyD. hurriedlyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.Martin, 68, a retired detective from New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist(慈善家) from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more I trained, the better I got,” Curran said,” but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment.”Eventually, they worked up to running marathons(马拉松）（and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate - milestone; running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,” which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. There trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging ,are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.“In the beginning, running was enough ,”said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. “The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous. Hence, the search for new adventures began.”“No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,”said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon Tours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula: 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requirements of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a philanthropic activityD. get away from his sadness22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performanceD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .A. challenging runcationsB. professional racesC. Antarctica travel marketD. expensive toursThe classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide enough challengeB. it may be tough and dangerousC. it involves too fierce a competitionD. it has attracted too many people25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that .A. international cooperation is a must to such an eventB. runcations are expensive and physically challengingC. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD. adventurous running has become increasingly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis”is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent.”Itdescribes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .A. they could take the place of the students’ parentsB. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The students.28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “”.A. extreme behaviorsB. violation of lawsC. strong disagreementD. Wrong doings29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State College_____A. had no right to expel the studentsB. was justified to have expelled the studentsC. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily lifeD. should support civil rights demonstrations30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents”_____A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administratorsB. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and studyC. care less about their children’s education than beforeD. have different opinions on their children’s educationPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural word. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything –at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The resultsshowed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.31. What does the author try to emphasize in Paragraph 1?A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.D. Plants can communicate with each other.32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______A. how plants receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why plants spread chemical information to their neighborsC. how many types of plants release compounds into the airD. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______A. placed separately but connected through airB. exposed to different kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartment34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest35.What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of PlantsB. Plant WorldC. Talking PlantsD. Plant Bug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month. The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that are already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.A proposal by Vancouver’s mayor seeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be made to 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more “seabus”ferry crossings between Vancouver and its wealthy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain, the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C＄7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year traffic upgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-important if Vancouver wants to maintain its reputation for being a destination others want to go to.” He says.36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .A. increasing congestionB. climate changeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by residentsbecause .A. they do not want more people to move inB. they are reluctant to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their financial burdens38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous transport companiesB. local residents’ complaints about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public transportD. worsening traffic congestion40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .A. will solve the traffic problemB. will benefit local economyC. satisfies the transport companyD. deserves public supportSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half after Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola’s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America’s thirst for Diet Coke is running dry again—and this time it could be for good.The diet soda slowdown isn’t merely an American thing—it’s also happening worldwide. But the future of diet colas is particularly cloudy in the United States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers . The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). “Consumers’ attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.” said Howard Telford, an industry analyst. “There’s a very negative perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.”Comment 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether.I honestly think soda is addictive and I’m happy not to be drinking it anymore.Comment 2Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of soft drinks. Comment 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comment4This is a silly and shallow piece. The reason for the fall off is simply the explosion in consumption of bottled waters and energy drinks.Comment5As people learn more about health and wellness they will consume less sugar, less soda, less artificial sweeteners.41.What do we Know about diet soda sale?A. It began to undergo a gradual drop starting from 2000.B. It was on the decline since the 1990s but is on the rise now.C. It reached its peak in the 2000s but began to drop since then.D. It has been decreasing since the 1990s.42.What does the author think of the prospects of diet soda sale?A. It will continue to drop.B. It will get better soon.C. It is hard to say for sure.D. It may have ups and downs.43.Which comment gives a personal reason for quitting diet colas?ment5.ment4.ment3.ment1.Which comment supports the author’s point of view?A. Comment2.B. Comment3.C. Comment4.D. Comment5.Which comments disagree with the author on the author on the cause of soda sale slowdown?A. Comment3 and Comment5.B. Comment2 and Comment4.C. Comment1 and Comment4.D. Comment2 and Comment3.Part IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D. choose the best answer for each blank an mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.When asked about the impact of disturbing news on children, one mother said :“My 11-year-old daughter doesn’t like watching the news. she has __46__ about what she has seen. One time, she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife. That night she dreamed that she too was being killed.”Another interviewee said:“My six-year-old niece saw reports of tornadoes(龙卷风)from elsewhere in the country. For weeks 47 , she was terrified. She 48 call me on the phone, convinced that a tornado was coming her way and that she was going to die.”Do you think disturbing news report can frighten children? In one survey，nearly 40 percent of parents said that their children had been 49 by something they saw in the news and that. 50 ，the children had feared that a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones. Why? One factor is that children often 51 the news differently from adults. For example, small children may believe that a 52 that is broadcast repeatedly is really happening repeatedly.A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a child’s 53 of the world. True, we live in “critical times hard to 54 .”But repeated exposure to disturbing news report can cause children to develop lasting fears.“Children who watch a lot of TV news 55 to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is.”observes the Kaiser Family Foundation .A.thoughtsB.nightmaresC.ideasD.picturesA.afterwardB.agoC.beforeterA.shouldB.mightC.couldD.wouldA.boredB.angeredC.upsetD.disappointedA.in no timeB.by all meansC.all the moreD.as a resultA.tellB.interpretC.narrateD.treat52.A.tragedy edy C.play D. drama53. A. imagination B.view C. sight D.look54.A.give up B.stick to C.deal with D.set town55.A.prefer B.turn e D.tendPart V Text Completion（20 points）Directions: In this part ,there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging from 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases . Second use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer SheetText OneangriergettingactionPhrases:which makes you 56like 57 any compensationto take any 58Picture this situation: you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take it back to complain. You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem. They say they cannot help you, 59 , to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant. This will do you no favours , 60 ,or even your money back. If you go directly to the first person you see. you may be wasting your time as they may be powerless 61 . So the important lesson to be learnt is to make sure firstly that you are speaking to the relevantperson the one who has the authority to make decisions.Text Twothe smalleras much asup to a yearmore likelyPhrases:A.20% 62 to feel happyB.63 the physical distance between friendsC. but not 64 happinessD. lasted for 65The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves. And 66 ,the larger the effect they had on each other’s happiness.For example, a person was 67 if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by 34%. The effects of friends’ happiness 68 .The researchers found that happiness really is contagious(传染的). Sadness also spread among friends, 69 .Text ThreeA. later regrettedB. spendingC. tend toPhrases:remember past impulse purchases that you 70you may 71 purchase on impulse.Keep 72 under controlIn addition to the external pressure we face from marketing, our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending .Here are some suggestions to help you 73 .First, resist your impulse buying .Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a bargain? If so, 74 .To resist, slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying, owning, and maintaining what you are planning to buy. Stop and 75 .Give yourself a “cool down” period before making your final decision.Paper Two（50 minutes）Part VI Translation（10 points）Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Should work be placed among the causes of happiness or be regarded as a burden? Much work is exceedingly tiresome, and an excess of work causes stress and even disease. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even boring work is less harmful than idleness. We sometimes feel a little relief from work; at other times work gives us delight. These feelings arise according to the type of work we are doing and our ability to do that work. Work fills many hours of the day and removes the need to decide what one should do.Part VII Writing （15 points）Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: How can we contribute to the environmental protection? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.环境保护已成为我们共同的责任。
2015年同等学力教育学真题解析
新阳光教育2015年教育学试卷真题解析一、单项选择题1．教育学成为一门独立学科的标志性著作（ ）。
A ．《普通教育学》B ．《论演说家的教育》C ．《民本主义与教育》D ．《大教学论》答案：D解析：教育学原理—教育学的历史与未来（P13）。
1632年，夸美纽斯出版的《大教学论》是教育学形成一门独立学科的标志，该书被认为是近代第一本系统的教育学著作。
2．学校产生于（ ）。
A ．原始社会B ．奴隶社会C ．封建社会D ．资本主义社会 答案：B 解析：教育学原理—教师、学生与学校（P97）。
人类最早的学校出现在公元前2500年的埃及，我国的学校产生于商代。
欧洲学校的出现大概是在公元前8—公元前7世纪。
3．教育在人的发展中起（ ）。
A ．物质基础作用B ．主导作用C ．决定作用D ．发展作用 答案：B 解析：教育学原理—教育、社会与人（P42）。
人的身心发展受多种因素制约，概括起来主要有遗传、环境和教育。
与遗传、环境相比，教育在人的发展中起主导作用。
4．抨击现代学校的弊端，提出了著名的“非学校化社会”的思想教育家（ ） 。
A ．杜威B ．伊里奇C ．布迪尔D ．鲍尔斯与金帝斯答案：B解析：教育学原理—教师、学生与学校（P100）。
伊里奇更猛烈地抨击了现代学校的种种弊端，提出了著名的“非学校化社会”的思想，号召人们废除现代学校，代之以人人平等、自由、自律、自助、愉快交往的“学习网络”。
5．在一定教学思想和教学理论指导下建立起来的教学活动结构框架和活动程序是（ ）。
A ．教学评价 B ．教学模式C ．教学期望D ．教学过程答案：B解析：教育学原理—教学（P134）。
教学模式指在一定教学思想或教学理论指导下建立起来的较为稳定的教学活动结构框架和活动程序。
教学模式既是教学理论的具体化，又是教学经验的一种系统概括。
新阳光教育6．提出要解放儿童“头脑、双手、眼睛、嘴、空间、时间的六大解放”的教育家（ ）。
A ．杨贤江B ．黄炎培C ．陶行知D ．陈鹤琴答案：C解析：中外教育史—中国教育思想的发展和演变（P219）。
2015年在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied. Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services. Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents”. They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26．Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because______.A．they could take the place of the students’ parentsB．parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC．this was a tradition established by British collegesD．college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults正确答案：D解析：细节题。
2014年同等学力法学综合真题答案与解析
2014年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平考试法学试卷参考答案与解析注：此真题解析是根据学员提供的主观题而整理二、名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1、法律权利反映一定物质生活条件所制约的行为自由，是法律所允许的权利人为了满足自己的利益而采取的，由其他人的法律义务所保证的法律手段。
2、非眚指的是故意，在西周时期已经区分故意犯罪与过失犯罪，对故意犯罪从重处罚。
3、人民代表大会制度是指拥有国家权力的我国人民根据民主集中制原则，通过民主选举组成全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会，并以人民代表大会为基础，建立全部国家机构，对人民负责，受人民监督，以实现人民当家作主的政治制度。
4、食品监管渎职罪是指负有食品安全管理职责的国家机关工作人员，滥用职权或者玩忽职守，导致发生重大食品安全事故或者造成其他严重后果的行为。
5、缔约过失责任是指在合同订立的过程中，一方因过错而违背其基于诚实信用原则所应负的先合同义务，导致合同不成立、无效或者被撤销，因此给他方造成信赖利益的损失，过错一方依法应承担赔偿责任。
三、简答题（每题5分，共15分）1、责任法定原则的基本要求法律责任是由于责任主体违反法定或约定的义务而必须承担的具有直接强制性的特定义务。
法律责任认定与归结的原则主要有责任法定原则、因果关系原则、责任相当原则和责任公正原则，其中责任法定原则的基本要求有：（1）作为一种否定性法律后果，法律责任的种类由法律预先规定；（2）法律责任的性质、范围、程度、期限、方式等由法律预先规定；（3）法律责任的追究主体、承担主体也需由法律预先规定。
2、准五服以制罪服制是中国传统社会以丧服为标志，区分亲属的范围和等级的制度。
《晋律》与《北齐律》相继确立了“准五服制罪”的制度。
按服制依亲属远近关系分为斩衰、齐衰、大功、小功、缌麻五等。
服制不但用以确定继承与赡养等权利义务关系，同时也是亲属相犯时确定刑罚轻重的依据。
如斩衰亲服制最高，尊长犯卑幼减免处罚，卑幼犯尊长加重处罚。
同等学力英语历年真题及答案(十三年真题库2015-2003)
（消息来自学位中心官微解读）2015年同等学力英语考试真题Part I Oral Communication(10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneDo you know what a handicapped space is ?The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs.Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.Clerk: Well, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have aspecial permit. Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?Student: Yes ,I have seen those signs.Clerk: 3Dialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）B. May I have your driver’s license, please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?Student: Excuse me, I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter. Student: Thank you. I’ll do it right now.Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student : Here it is.Librarian : You seem to have filled the form out all right.___5___Student : Yes. I know what to do.Librarian : ____6____Student : OK . I see.Librarian : Thank you for joining the library, we look forward to serving you.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D , taken from the interview . Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A . And fooled the boys for a while.B . And I don’t think the boys have minded.C. Well , it’s because my British publisher.D . All this time I thought you were ‘J.K’.Winfrey : So , this is the first time we’ve met.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）Rowling : Yes ,it is .Winfrey : And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____7____Rowling : (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey : J.K is …Rowling : ____8_____ When the first book came out , they thought ‘ this is a book that will appeal to boys ’ ,but they didn’t want the boys to know a woman had written it . So they said to me ‘ could we use your initials ’ and I said ‘ fine ’. I only have one initial. I don’t have a middle name , So I took my favorite grandmother’s name, Kathleen.Winfrey : ____9_____Rowling : Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.Winfrey : ___10____Rowling : NO—it hasn’t held me back, has it?Part II Vocabulary(10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.There are several different options for getting Internet access.A. choicesB. definitionsC. channelsD. reasons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.A. mineralsB. substancesC. gasesD. beams13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile attitude toward customers.A. unfriendlyB. optimisticC. impatientD. positive同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.A. reviseB. implementC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.A. arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.A. take outB. turn overC. track downD. put in17. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. worsenedD. changed18. I couldn’t afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.A. alsoB. nonethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.A. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. exceptI prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowing a small bone.A. intentionallyB. unexpectedlyC. anxiouslyD. hurriedlyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.Martin, 68, a retired detective from New York City, took up running after his first wife died.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）Curran, 46, a philanthropist(慈善家) from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more I trained, the better I got,” Curran said,” but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment.”Eventually, they worked up to running marathons(马拉松）（and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate - milestone; running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,” which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. There trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging ,are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.“In the beginning, running was enough ,”said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. “The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous. Hence, the search for new adventures began.”“No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,”said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon Tours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula: 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requirements of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a philanthropic activityD. get away from his sadness22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performanceD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .A. challenging runcationsB. professional racesC. Antarctica travel marketD. expensive toursThe classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide enough challengeB. it may be tough and dangerousC. it involves too fierce a competitionD. it has attracted too many people25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that .A. international cooperation is a must to such an eventB. runcations are expensive and physically challengingC. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD. adventurous running has become increasingly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis”is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent.”It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .A. they could take the place of the students’ parentsB. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The students.28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “”.A. extreme behaviorsB. violation of lawsC. strong disagreementD. Wrong doings29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State College_____A. had no right to expel the studentsB. was justified to have expelled the studentsC. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily lifeD. should support civil rights demonstrations30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents”_____A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administratorsB. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and studyC. care less about their children’s education than beforeD. have different opinions on their children’s educationPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural word. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything –at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to 同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.31. What does the author try to emphasize in Paragraph 1?A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.D. Plants can communicate with each other.32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）A. how plants receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why plants spread chemical information to their neighborsC. how many types of plants release compounds into the airD. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______A. placed separately but connected through airB. exposed to different kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartment34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest35.What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of PlantsB. Plant WorldC. Talking PlantsD. Plant Bug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month. The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that are already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.A proposal by Vancouver’s mayor seeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be made to 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）“seabus”ferry crossings between Vancouver and its wealthy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain, the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C＄7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year traffic upgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-important if Vancouver wants to maintain its reputation for being a destination others want to go to.” He says.36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .A. increasing congestionB. climate changeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by residents because .A. they do not want more people to move inB. they are reluctant to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their financial burdens38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous transport companiesB. local residents’ complaints about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public transportD. worsening traffic congestion40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .A. will solve the traffic problemB. will benefit local economyC. satisfies the transport companyD. deserves public supportSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half after Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola’s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America’s thirst for Diet Coke is running dry again—and this time it could be for good.The diet soda slowdown isn’t merely an American thing—it’s also happening worldwide. But the future of diet colas is particularly cloudy in the United States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers . The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). “Consumers’ attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.” said Howard Telford, an industry analyst. “There’s a very negative perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.”Comment 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether.I honestly think soda is addictive and I’m happy not to be drinking it anymore.Comment 2Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of soft drinks. Comment 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comment4This is a silly and shallow piece. The reason for the fall off is simply the explosion in consumption of bottled waters and energy drinks.Comment5As people learn more about health and wellness they will consume less sugar, less soda, less artificial sweeteners.41.What do we Know about diet soda sale?A. It began to undergo a gradual drop starting from 2000.B. It was on the decline since the 1990s but is on the rise now.C. It reached its peak in the 2000s but began to drop since then.D. It has been decreasing since the 1990s.42.What does the author think of the prospects of diet soda sale?A. It will continue to drop.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）B. It will get better soon.C. It is hard to say for sure.D. It may have ups and downs.43.Which comment gives a personal reason for quitting diet colas?ment5.ment4.ment3.ment1.Which comment supports the author’s point of view?A. Comment2.B. Comment3.C. Comment4.D. Comment5.Which comments disagree with the author on the author on the cause of soda sale slowdown?A. Comment3 and Comment5.B. Comment2 and Comment4.C. Comment1 and Comment4.D. Comment2 and Comment3.Part IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D. choose the best answer for each blank an mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.When asked about the impact of disturbing news on children, one mother said :“My 11-year-old daughter doesn’t like watching the news. she has __46__ about what she has seen. One time, she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife. That night she dreamed that she too was being killed.”Another interviewee said:“My six-year-old niece saw reports of tornadoes(龙卷风)from elsewhere in the country. For weeks 47 , she was terrified. She 48 call me on the phone, convinced that a tornado was coming her way and that she was going to die.”Do you think disturbing news report can frighten children? In one survey，nearly 40 percent of parents said that their children had been 49 by something they saw in the news and that. 50 ，the children had feared that a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones. Why? One factor is that children often 51 the news differently from adults.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）For example, small children may believe that a 52 that is broadcast repeatedly is really happening repeatedly.A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a child’s 53 of the world. True, we live in “critical times hard to 54 .”But repeated exposure to disturbing news report can cause children to develop lasting fears.“Children who watch a lot of TV news 55 to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is.”observes the Kaiser Family Foundation .A.thoughtsB.nightmaresC.ideasD.picturesA.afterwardB.agoC.beforeterA.shouldB.mightC.couldD.wouldA.boredB.angeredC.upsetD.disappointedA.in no timeB.by all meansC.all the moreD.as a resultA.tellB.interpretC.narrateD.treat52.A.tragedy edy C.play D. drama53. A. imagination B.view C. sight D.look54.A.give up B.stick to C.deal with D.set town55.A.prefer B.turn e D.tendPart V Text Completion（20 points）Directions: In this part ,there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging from 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases . Second use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer SheetText Oneangrier同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）gettingactionPhrases:which makes you 56like 57 any compensationto take any 58Picture this situation: you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take it back to complain. You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem. They say they cannot help you, 59 , to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant. This will do you no favours , 60 ,or even your money back. If you go directly to the first person you see. you may be wasting your time as they may be powerless 61 . So the important lesson to be learnt is to make sure firstly that you are speaking to the relevant person the one who has the authority to make decisions.Text Twothe smalleras much asup to a yearmore likelyPhrases:A.20% 62 to feel happyB.63 the physical distance between friendsC. but not 64 happiness同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）D. lasted for 65The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves. And 66 ,the larger the effect they had on each other’s happiness.For example, a person was 67 if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by 34%. The effects of friends’ happiness 68 .The researchers found that happiness really is contagious(传染的). Sadness also spread among friends, 69 .Text ThreeA. later regrettedB. spendingC. tend toPhrases:remember past impulse purchases that you 70you may 71 purchase on impulse.Keep 72 under controlIn addition to the external pressure we face from marketing, our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending .Here are some suggestions to help you 73 .First, resist your impulse buying .Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a 同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）bargain? If so, 74 .To resist, slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying, owning, and maintaining what you are planning to buy. Stop and 75 .Give yourself a “cool down” period before making your final decision.Paper Two（50 minutes）Part VI Translation（10 points）Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Should work be placed among the causes of happiness or be regarded as a burden? Much work is exceedingly tiresome, and an excess of work causes stress and even disease. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even boring work is less harmful than idleness. We sometimes feel a little relief from work; at other times work gives us delight. These feelings arise according to the type of work we are doing and our ability to do that work. Work fills many hours of the day and removes the need to decide what one should do.Part VII Writing （15 points）Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: How can we contribute to the environmental protection? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.环境保护已成为我们共同的责任。
2014年在职(同等学力)考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年在职（同等学力）考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. A1型题 2. A2型题 3. B1型题 4. X型题1．以单纯扩散方式通过细胞膜的物质是A．CO2B．Na+C．K+D．氨基酸E．葡萄糖正确答案：A解析：人体内靠单纯扩散方式进出细胞膜的物质不多，比较肯定的有氧气和二氧化碳等气体分子。
2．细胞外浓度高于细胞内浓度的离子不包括A．Na+B．K+C．Ca2+D．HCO3—E．Cl—正确答案：B解析：正常时，细胞内的K+浓度高于细胞外，而细胞外Na+浓度高于细胞内。
3．神经一肌肉接头传递信息的递质是A．肾上腺素B．去甲肾上腺素C．γ一氨基丁酸D．5一羟色胺E．ACh正确答案：E解析：神经末梢兴奋到达，使接头前膜发生除极→膜对Ca2+通透性增加→膜外Ca2+内流→神经末梢释放递质(ACh)→ACh通过接头间接扩散到接头后膜(终板膜)并与N型受体结合→终板膜对Na+、K+(以Na+为主)通透性升高→产生终板电位(终板膜产生的局部除极电位)→使周围肌膜达到阈电位→肌细胞产生动作电位(肌膜兴奋)。
4．细胞受到刺激而发生兴奋时，细胞膜首先发生A．极化B．去极化C．超极化D．复极化E．反极化正确答案：B解析：刺激能否引起组织兴奋，取决于刺激能否使该组织细胞的静息电位去极化达到某一临界值。
一旦去极化达到这一临界值时，细胞膜上的电压门控Na+通道大量被激活，膜对Na+的通透性突然增大，Na+大量内流，造成膜的进一步去极化。
而膜的进一步去极化，又导致更多的Na+通道开放，有更多的Na+内流，这种正反馈式的相互促进(或称为再生性循环)，使膜迅速、自动地去极化，直至接近Na+平衡电位水平，这个过程才停止，从而形成了动作电位的上升支。
5．属于单突触反射的是A．肌紧张B．屈肌反射C．对侧伸肌反射D．翻正反射E．腱反射正确答案：E解析：腱反射是指快速牵拉肌腱时发生的牵张反射。
如膝反射、跟腱反射。
腱反射为单突触反射，传入神经纤维经背根进入脊髓后，直达前角与前角运动神经元构成突触。
2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案
2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12014 Same Ability Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Test Questions and AnswersPart I Dialogue InterpretationDirections: The sentence pairs below are closely related and always discuss the same topic. After reading the two sentences, you may choose to omit the information they convey and the reasoning method for it, and select the correct answer from the four choices.1. Speaker A: I heard that Professor Smith got promoted last week.Speaker B: He did. Did you know that he has been working at the university for over 20 years? He really deserves it.Q: What do you know from Speaker B's response to Speaker A?A. Professor Smith has been at the university for a long time.B. Professor Smith has worked hard and finally gotten a promotion.C. Professor Smith is the oldest professor at the university.D. Professor Smith is the most popular professor at the university.2. Speaker A: Can you believe that Anna broke up with Mark?Speaker B: Oh, I know. I always thought they were the perfect couple.Q: What does Speaker B imply about Anna and Mark?A. Anna and Mark have been together for a long time.B. Anna and Mark are no longer a couple.C. Anna and Mark are happy together.D. Anna and Mark are a famous couple.......Part II Reading ComprehensionDirection: This part consists of 4 passages. After reading each passage, answer the questions or complete the statements that follow it.Passage 1The year 1848 brought political revolution and economic migration to Europe. The clinic and hospital in Vienna where Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis worked was one destination for those forced over Europe.Dr. Semmelweis had been born in Hungary in 1818, had entered medical school in Vienna in 1837, and had become a doctor in 1844. The Viennese clinic where Dr. Semmelweis worked was caught in the current of professional careers and economic migration that steered thousands of young doctors to Vienna from other parts of Europe. Chief residents such as Semmelweis had to compete for promotion and the attention of the professors who distributed favors and resources.This intense collective ambition, this jostling and networking, created the vital organizational networks that drove Vienna to the medical pinnacle of Europe. But such headlong, disorganized pursuit of professional allegiance and social advancement led to inevitable error, as the cause of this first medical tragedy soon became clear.1. In 1848, Europe witnessed _____.a. a political revolutionb. a economic migrationc. a and bd. none of the above2. Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis ____.a. was born in Germanyb. entered medical school in Hungaryc. competed for promotiond. entered medical school in Budapest......Part III VocabularyDirection: Select the correct meaning of the underlined word or phrase in the sentence.1. The book is somewhat of a rarity, and it could fetch a high price at the auction.a. valueb. scarcityc. numberd. quality2. The old buildings were standing in defiance of the developer's plan to demolish them.a. obedienceb. supportc. protestd. agreement......Part IV TranslationDirection: Translate the following sentences into English.1. 他们正在进行一场生动的辩论，以寻找新的解决方案。
2014-2015年同等学力英语真题与答案(全)
2014 年同等学力英语考试真题Part I Oral Communication (10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices tocomplete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Sheet.Dialogue oneA.I thought you said there were three menB.They had been in there for about 5 minutesC.It’s the other man I’m talking about.Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with the gun, the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don’t know, “give me all your money” and the other one-Police officer: 1 ?Burney : No, there were two men and a girl. 2 , the one carrying the suitcase, well he goes up to the other guy-Police officer: The one with the gun?Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she- well, all the other people behind the window – they hand over piles of money and the two men put it into the suitcase and they run out.It was 1:35. 3 .Dialogue TwoA.People today don’t like thatB.I like a good storyC.They still make movies like thatSpeaker A: I like watching old movies and I think they are the best.Speaker B: I agree with you, even though they’re in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color.Speaker A: And there was no violence in ole movies..Speaker B: No, there wasn’t. 4 .Speaker A : They like lots of action.Speaker B : 5 .Speaker A: I like to see actors who are like real people.Speaker B: Like real people with real problems.Speaker A: 6 .Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.Section BDirections: in this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C,and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to completethe interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A.I do a lot of research on the Internet tooB.I do a lot of my shopping on the net nowC.Of course they mail their friends endlesslyD.I document everythingInterviewer: Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you?Intreviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; my iphone 5; and my Olympus digital camera. 7 : the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch my eye as I walk past.Interviewer: What do you use your computer for ?Interviewee: Well , I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screen now and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. 8 -there are some fantastic sites around n ow. Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home?Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home. 9 -and on top of that they’re always texting on their mobile phones! They play computer games when they think I or their father aren’t looking! They don’t like doing homework, of cou rse , but there are some really good revision sites on the Internet.10 -15 minutes for a whole supermarket “visit”! That feels really good.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary(10points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11.Conditions for the growth of this plant are optimum in early summer.A.most acceptableB. most expressiveC. most favorite D . most desirable12.She often says her greatest happiness consists in helping the disadvantagedChildren.A.is proportionate toB. is composed ofC. lies inD. relies on13.Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers.A.For the sake ofB. at the cost ofC. in the interest ofD. under the control of14.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends on how aggressively producers market it.A.vigorouslyB. rigorouslyC. efficientlyD. effectively15.Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.A.in order thatB. for fear thatC. in case thatD. in spite that16.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.A.impressionB. imaginationC. expressionD. presentation17.Television commercials have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years.A.reflectionB. examinationC. attackD. pressure18.The mayor has spent a handsome amount of time in his last term working to bring down the tax rate.A.plentyB. SufficientC. moderateD. considerable19.His poor performance may be attributed to the lack of motivation.A.focused onB. caused byC. viewed asD. taken for20.The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment.A.obtainB. encourageC. publicizeD. advertisePart III Reading Comprehension(25 points)Section ADirection: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answeron the Answer Sheet.Passage OneLast week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She’s been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a panic attack. Strange, right? But She’s not alone. While popular phobias (恐惧症)about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.While some phobias might seem a bit silly ,they can cause serious emotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons ,a phobia that is taking over her life, She won’t walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these “rats with wings ”finds its way onto the platform . Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it .So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from ?Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces ,but something about elevators makes me nervous .And so ,when my boyfriend and I found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year -because these sorts of things always happen eventually -I was anticipating the worst .While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we “take advantage of the situation ,”I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing.However, after the fear subsided (消退)I realized that, yes, t his was my greatest fear come true, andyet -it wasn’t all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much.Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.21.The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks because .A.she couldn’t bear their sound on plateB.she is afraid that they may hurt herC.she has never used them beforeD.she has been injured by them before22.The phrase “rats with wings”(Para.3)refers toA. devilsB. exotic ratsC. pigeonsD. strange birds23.The author’s fear of elevators is the result ofA.her dislike of being in closed spacesB.her terrible experienceC.her phobia for no reasonD.her nervousness of being alone24.After the fear subsided, the author realized thatA.an elevator ride could be excitingB.it was not as horrible as she had thoughtC.her boyfriend’s help was importantD.she could have had a good time with her boyfriend25.The purpose for the author to share her experience is toA.introduce what strange fears people haveB.explain why people have strange fearsC.illustrate conquering a fear can be difficultD.encourage people to overcome their fearsPassage TwoThe American public’s obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangerous health misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, and diet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates(碳水化合物)are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly become overweight. We are advised to avoid food a such as potatoes, rice and white bread and opt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourage consumer to buy their “carb-free” food products. But the truth is, the human body needs carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.Most foods that wo consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded with carbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefits; some fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your body of the many health benefits of carbohydrates.One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease.Carbohydrates also contain antioxidants（抗氧化剂），which protect the body’s cells from harmful particles with the potential to cause cancer.This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the food pyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consume six to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each of fruits and vegetables—all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cutting carbohydrates out of a person’s diet is not a good idea.The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well as guide you toward a proper exerciseprogram for weight loss, or muscle gain. These professionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line: listen to experts, not the advertisers!26.As is used in Paragraph 1, the word “exhausted” most possibly means .A. startledB. starvingC. derivedD. deprived27.According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free”products.A. value consumers’ well-beingB. are not telling the truthC. offer healthy optionsD. are responsible for obesity28.Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates ?A. Prevention of stroke.B. Prevention of cancer.C. Prevention of fiber reductionD. Prevention of heart disease.29.It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet .A.is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsB.contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteinsC.needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energyD.is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fats30.The main purpose of the passage is to .A.describe the variety of carbohydratesB.explain how to live a healthy lifeC.promote more physical exerciseD.advocate a healthy dietPassage ThreeOf all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can’t afford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don’t save nearly enough for retirement.In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates—but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such as budgeting, credit cards, insurance and investment. A recent survey of college students conducted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found that students who’d had a personal-finance or money-management course in high school scored no better than those who hadn’t.“We need to figure out how to do this the right way,” says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studying financial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don’t work. A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real mon ey and spending decisions into kids’ hands and talking openly about the emotions and social influences tied to how we spend.Other initiatives are tackling such real-world issues as the commercial and social pressures that affect purchasing decisions. Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? “It takes confidence to take a stand and to think differently,” says Jeroo Billimoria, founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofitwhose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries, aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives. “This goes beyond money and saving.”31.The financial-literacy education is intended to .A.renew Americans’ enthusiasm about money-managementB.increase Americans’ awareness of the financial crisisC.help Americans to overcome the financial crisisD.enable Americans to manage money wisely32.According to the author ,the National Financial Capability Challenge will beA. ineffectiveB.rewardingC. costlyD.well-received33.By saying that “the financial-literacy m ovement has gained steam”(Para.3),the author means that the movement .A.has received much criticismB.has been regarded as imaginativeC.has been more and more popularD.has gone through financial difficulties34.Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to .A.manage money in a more efficient wayB.carry out financial-literacy education properlyC.improve the social awareness of financial educationD.help students score better in money-management courses35.Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree that commercial and social pressures make one’s purchasing decisions .A. acceptableB. DifficultC. feasible C. unwisePassage FourCheating is nothing new. But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent- and are less likely to be punished – than in the past. Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today’s youth . Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today’s youth are far more pragmatic (实用主义的) than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies, students were filled with visions about changing the world, today’s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. There’s an underlying fear. If you don’t do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only from parents and friends but from oneself. To achieve. To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals.Wdward Wynne, a magazine editor, blame the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo, sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. “I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. Huber said . He fells that as long as teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts theycan memorize rather than by how well they can put information together, students will try to beat the system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individuals who are doing it,” he said. ‘That’s too easy an answer. We’ve got to start looking at the system.”36.E ducators are finding that students who cheat .A.have poor academic recordsB.are more likely to be punished than beforeC.tend to be dishonest in later yearsD.are not only those academically weak37.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A.Students do not cheat on essay tests.B.Students’ cheating has deep social roots.C.Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating.D.Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.38.W hich of the following points of view would Mr. Huber Agree with?A.Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.B.Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.C.Students who cheat should be expelled from school.D.Cheating would be reduced trough an educational reform.39.T he expression “the individuals” (the last paragraph ) refers to .A.teachersB.parentsC.students who cheatD.school administrators40.The passage mainly discusses .A.people’s tolerance of students’ cheatingB.the decline of moral standards of today’s youthC.factors leading to academic dishonestyD.ways to eliminate academic dishonestySection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answersA, B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children’s education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school, helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvementaffects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researchers combed through nearly three decades’ worth of surveys of American parents and tracked 63 different measures of parental participation in kids’ academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexed these measures to children’s academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire（适得其反）—regardless of a parent’s race, or level of education.Do you review your daughter’s homework every night? Robinson and Harris’s data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids(fewer than half of whom are read to daily)and talking with teenagers about college plans. But these interventions don’t take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policy makers have the most influence — they take place at home.Comment 1:Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids.Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise.Comment 2:It also depends on the kid . Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn,t mean they are ready for college or the work place.Comment 3:The article doesn’t clearly define “helping,” but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises(e.g. Helping them to solve a math problem)and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they’re completed their work.I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discourage parents from monitoring their children’s performance!41.The word “they”(Para.1) refers to .A.principlesB.studiesC.obligationsD.Values42.What is main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study?A.Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.B.The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.C.Schools should communicate with parents regularly.D.Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.ment 1 suggests that .A.kids should be kids after allB.Parents should leave their children aloneC.Persistent parental involvement is a mustD.Parents may influence children’s thinking44.The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that .A.getting ready for college is an emotional processB.high intelligence dose not guarantee successC.high school is often boring in the U.S.D.Social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in life45.Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?A.Monitoring kids’ class performance.B.Reviewing kids’ homework for accuracy.C.Making sure kids have finished their work.D.Assisting kids in their exercises.Part ⅣCloze(10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Ironically, a study finds that we‘re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time try into be considerate. We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel 47 .But there‘s something that the most sentimental gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 ,practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving .Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things 50 great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care? Often, no. “Gift receivers would be 51 if givers gave them exactly what they requested 52 attempting to be ‘thoughtful and considerate’ by buying gifts they did not explicitly request” to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability(e.g. the 54 of the coffee based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility).46.A. opened B. have opened C. opening D. to open47.A. in return B. in place C. in turn D. in person48.A. How B. Why C. When D. Whether49.A. In many cases B. In many ways C. To sum up D. To be sure50.A. take up B. make four C. lead to D. work out51.A. surprised B. happy C. more surprised D. happier52.A. but for B. as to C. rather than D. regardless of53.A. measure B. select C. classify D. decide54.A. ease B. cost C. quality D. look55.A. continuously B. nevertheless C. whereas D. unexpectedlyPart Ⅴ Text Completion(20 points)Directions:In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in thebox to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text Onesowatching TVhire themPhrases:A.And understandably 56B.that the companies that 57 want moneyC.that could be spent 58Children are a special target of advertisers 59 .Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said : “You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because it is every where. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 60 .They don,t have our best interests in mind.”They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 61 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.Text Twobeyondsendingas well asPhrases:A. 62 the wages of average familiesB. 63 the reach of most AmericansC. 64 young people to collegeA research group in California has released a “national report card on higher education.” The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982.Costs have climbed much faster than other prices- 65 .The group warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education 66 .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The report also expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in67 .Text ThreeimitatebetweenotherwiseacceleratePhrases:A.from 68 its feathers2014 同等学力英语真题B.would be difficult to 69C.it 70 couldD.enabling the bird to 71The emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate the bird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times faster than 72 .How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so by releasing tiny air bubbles 73 .As these bubbles are released, they reduce friction on the surface of the penguin’s wings 74 .Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster by using bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls( 船身).However, researchers acknowledge that further investigation is challenging because “the complexity of penguin’s wings 75 .”Part VI Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.The social costs of unemployment go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary-that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be a simple net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. “we should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will hav e to reach a new agreement on the division and distribution of labor.” Seymour says.Part ⅦWriting(15points)Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: A Way to Success. Read the following article in Chinese, then write according to the outline given below. Write yourcomposition on the Answer Sheet.大学毕业时，小刘决定不找工作。
2014同等学力经济学真题试卷答案
2014年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试经济学试卷答案一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共16分）1．产权明晰化的含义是____________。
①产权的排他性②产权的可分割性或可分离性③产权的不可分割性④法人财产权的独立化⑤产权的可转让性⑥产权的有效保护A．①②④⑤B．①②④⑥C．①②⑤⑥D．①④⑤⑥答案：C2．间接融资是指____________。
A．货币资金供给者与货币资金需求者之间直接发生的信用关系B．货币资金供给者与货币资金需求者之间的融资活动通过金融中介机构进行C．金融中介机构之间的融资活动D．金融中介机构与中央银行之间的融资活动答案：B3．基础货币是指______________。
A．流通中现金B．流通中现金＋活期存款C．流通中现金＋定期存款D．流通中现金＋商业银行存款准备金答案：D4.远期汇率和即期汇率的差用升水、贴水和平价表示。
一般情况下，利息率较高的货币远期汇率应___________，利息率较低的货币远期汇率应_________________。
A．升水/贴水B．贴水/升水C．平价/平价D．平价/贴水答案：B5.如果以课税对象的经济性质为标准，可以将各种税收分为______________。
A．从量税和从价税B．直接税和间接税C．所得税、商品税和财产税D．价内税和价外税答案：C6.以下不属于财政职能基本内容的是__________________。
①资源配置职能②收入分配职能③汇率调整职能④劳动就业职能⑤经济发展职能⑥经济稳定职能A．②③B．③④C．④⑤D．①⑥答案：B7.如图所示三条等产量曲线Q1，Q2，Q3。
以下正确的表述是_____________________。
A.Q1，Q2，Q3是在同一技术水平下的不同产出B.Q1＞Q2＞Q3C.厂商选择在A点生产最优D.厂商选择在B点生产最优答案：A8.在国际贸易相关法律上所指的倾销应包括____________。
2015年同等学力(经济学)学科综合水平真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年同等学力（经济学）学科综合水平真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 名词解释 3. 简答题 4. 论述题 5. 计算与证明单项选择题1．二元经济结构是指以( )为主的现代部门与以( )为主的传统部门并存，传统部门比重大，现代部门发展不足以及城乡明显的经济结构。
A．高科技产业／低端制造业B．资本密集型／劳动密集型C．城市工业／农村农业D．先进产业／落后产业正确答案：C解析：二元经济结构是指以城市工业为主的现代部门与以农村农业为主的传统部门并存，传统部门比重过大，现代部门发展不足以及城乡差距十分明显的经济结构。
它是发展中国家经济体系的共有特征。
2．若正常品需求曲线向下倾斜，可能导致该商品需求D向右上方移动至D＇的因素包括( )。
①该商品价格下降②替代品价格上升③互补品价格上升④消费者收入上升⑤消费者偏好增加A．①②B．②③C．③④D．④⑤正确答案：D解析：在本题中，注意区分“需求量的变动”与“需求的变动”。
前者指的是在别的条件不变的情况下，由于商品价格变动带来的需求量的变动，也就是所谓的“点动线不动”。
后者指的是，在价格不变的情况下，由于市场因素带来的商品的需求量的变动，也就是所谓的“线动点不动”。
本题题干描述的情况为“需求的变动”，因此是非商品价格因素影响的结果。
对于①，分析的是需求量的变动原因；对于③，当互补品价格上升时，该商品的价格会下降。
由此，②④⑤为正解，综合得答案为D。
3．不属于我国社会保障制度构成的内容的是( )。
A．社会保险B．社会捐赠C．社会福利D．社会救济正确答案：B解析：我国社会保障制度由四个方面的内容构成，包括社会保险、社会救济、社会福利、社会优抚。
因此B项不属于社会保障制度的内容。
4．( )不属于国债的功能。
①弥补政府财政赤字②替代私人投资③调节经济④筹集建设资金⑤公开市场业务A．②⑤B．②④C．①⑤D．①④正确答案：A解析：我国国债的功能主要包括：①弥补政府财政赤字；②筹集建设资金；③调节经济运行。
同等学力人员申请硕士学位2015年教育学学科综合水平全国统一考试试题及参考答案(缺选择题)
2015年同等学力教育学综合真题一、选择题（略）二、名词解释1.师生关系2.文雅教育3.教学监控能力4.整群抽样三、简答1.教育学发展趋势.2.简述卢梭自然主义教育思想及其影响.3.维果斯基心理发展观.4.教育实验中因素设计.四、论述1.马卡连柯德育思想.2.宋元明清时期地方官学特点.3.教育学课题研究来源.4.分析某生偏差行为产生的原因及解决方法.【参考答案】一、选择题（略）二、名词解释1.师生关系：教师和学生在教育、教学过程中结成的相互关系，包括彼此所处的地位、作用和相互对待的态度等。
师生关系既受教育活动规律的制约，又是一定历史阶段社会关系的反映。
良好的师生关系，是提高学校教育质量的保证，也是社会精神文明的重要方面。
新型师生关系应该是教师和学生在人格上是平等的、在交互活动中是民主的、在相处的氛围上是和谐的。
师生关系是教育活动过程中最基本、最重要的的关系。
2.文雅教育：亦称“自由教育”，是西方教育史上的一种教育观点和教育理想。
他在不同的时代具有不同的具体涵义，最早由亚里士多德提出，是其教育思想的重要组成部分。
亚里士多德认为，人之所以为人的最本质特征就在于人具有理性，能够进行正确的思维、理解、判断。
人只有充分运用和发展理性，才能获得身心的自由发展。
要实施文雅教育，必须具备两个条件：一是闲暇时间；二是要有自由学科。
3.教学监控能力是指教师为了保证教学的成功，达到预期的目标，而在教学的全过程中，将教学本身作为意识的对象，不断地对其进行积极主动的计划、检查、评价、反馈、控制和调节的能力。
它是教师的反省思维和思维的批判性在其教育教学中的具体表现，是教师从事教育教学活动的核心要素。
教师的教学监控能力主要包括以下内容：教师对自己的教学活动的计划和安排；教师对自己的教学搜索活动进行有意识的检查、评价和反馈；教师对自己的教学活动进行调节、矫正和有意识的自我控制。
4.整体抽样又称聚类取样，即按照某一标准将总体单位分成“群”或“组”，从中抽选“群”或“组”，然后把被抽出的“群”或“组”所包含的个体合在一起作为样本，被抽出的“群”或“组”的所有单位都是样本单位，最后利用所抽“群”或“组”的调查结果推断总体。
2014年同等学力研究生考试 教育学 试卷 附详细答案
2014年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试教育学试卷一、单项选择题（每小题1.5分，共30分）1．被称作“现代教育学之父”的教育家是（）。
A．夸美纽斯B．康德C．赫尔巴特D．杜威2．当前在西方教育理论界占主导地位的教育思潮是（）。
A．批判教育学B．文化教育学C．实验教育学D．制度教育学3．“师者，所以传道授业解惑也”这句话出自（）。
A．《学记》B．《劝学》C．《大学》D．《师说》4．“教学的本质是促进学生成为一个完整的人”的教学观念是（）。
A．哲学取向B．情感取向C．认知取向D．行为主义取向5．我国现阶段的主要教学组织形式是（）。
A．个别教学B．小组教学C．班级授课D．现场教学6．在《劝学篇》中提出“中体西用”的思想家是（）。
A．韩愈B．张之洞C．严复D．魏源7．清政府正式颁布并实施的中国近代第一个学制是（）。
A．癸卯学制B．壬寅学制C．壬子学制D．癸丑学制8．“导生制”学校的创始人是（）。
A．巴特勒B．贝尔和兰卡斯特C．斯宾塞D．怀布雷特9．18世纪德国“泛爱学校”的创始人是（）。
A．福禄贝尔B．凯兴斯坦纳C．洪堡D．巴西多10．教育名著《爱弥儿》的作者是（）。
A．洛克B．卢梭C．斯宾塞D．第斯多惠11．1924年，编写了我国历史上第一本《教育心理学》教科书的作者是（）。
A．潘菽B．陈鹤琴C．陆志伟D．廖世承12．美国心理学家布卢姆将教学目标分为三大领域，即认知、情感和（）。
A．动作技能B．社会性C．品德D．行为习惯13．贾德的“水下击靶”实验支持了学习迁移的（）。
A．形式训练说B．相同要素说C．概括说D．关系说14．对信息加工过程进行监控和调节的学习策略，被称为（）。
A．认知策略B．元认知策略C．精细加工策略D．资源管理策略15．反映测验分数稳定性和一致性的指标是（）。
A．信度B．效度C．难度D．区分度16．教育实验结果的概括化和应用范围叫教育实验的（）。
A．外在效度B．内在效度C．可靠程度D．可信程度17．按性质和复杂程度划分，假设可分为描述性假设、解释性假设和（）。
、同等学力考试真题及答案分析
1.利息平价理论的基本思想
答案：由凯恩斯和爱因齐格提出的远期汇率决定理论。他们认为均衡汇率是通过国际抛补套利所引起的外汇交易形成的。在两国利率存在差异的情况下，资金将从低利率国流向高利率国以谋取利润。但套利者在比较金融资产的收益率时，不仅考虑两种资产利率所提供的收益率，还要考虑两种资产由于汇率变动所产生的收益变动，即外汇风险。套利者往往将套利与掉期业务相结合，以避免汇率风险，保证无亏损之虞。大量掉期外汇交易的结果是，低利率国货币的现汇汇率下浮，期汇汇率上浮；高利率国货币的现汇汇率上浮，期汇汇率下浮。远期差价为期汇汇率与现汇汇率的差额，由此低利率国货币就会出现远期升水，高利率国货币则会出现远期贴水。随着抛补套利的不断进行，远期差价就会不断加大，直到两种资产所提供的收益率完全相等，这时抛补套利活动就会停止，远期差价正好等于两国利差，即利率平价成立。因此我们可以归纳一下利率平价说的基本观点：远期差价是由两国利率差异决定的，并且高利率国货币在期汇市场上必定贴水，低利率国货币在期汇市场上必定升水。
1)商品经济的存在
税负转嫁是在商品交换中通过商品价格的变动实现的。没有商品交换的存在，就不会有税收负担的转嫁。因此，商品经济是税负转嫁的经济前提。从历史上看，在以自给自足为基础的自然经济社会里，产品一般不经过市场交换，直接从生产领域进入消费领域。在这个时期，农业是国民经济的主要部门，国家征税主要是课自于土地及土地生产物的税收，这部分税收只能由土地所有者负担，纳税人不能实现税负转嫁。随着生产力的发展，出现了商品生产和商品交换。在资本主义社会，商品经济高度发展。在商品经济条件下，一切商品的价值都通过货币形式表现为价格，商品交换突破了时间和地域的限制而大规模地发展起来，为商品和商品流转额的征税开辟了广阔的场所，同时也为商品课税豹转嫁提供了可能，商品课税也迂回地或间接地通过价格助变动实现转嫁。
2014年同等学力(工商管理)学科综合水平真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年同等学力（工商管理）学科综合水平真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 论述题6. 案例分析单项选择题1．以下属于正式组织三要素之一的是( )。
A．协作意愿B．组织制度C．组织结构D．组织形式正确答案：A解析：正式组织产生于具有协作意愿，能相互沟通的个体围绕共同目标努力之时。
正式组织有三个基本要素：协作意愿、共同目标和信息沟通。
2．奠定了管理过程思想基础的是( )。
A．泰罗的科学管理理论B．法约尔的一般管理理论C．马克斯·韦伯的理想的行政组织理论D．西蒙的管理决策理论正确答案：B解析：泰罗最根本的贡献，是在管理实践和管理问题研究中利用观察、记录、调查、实验等手段创立了近代分析科学方法，成为名副其实的“科学管理之父”；法约尔在其代表作《工业管理与一般管理》中提出的一般管理理论对西方管理理论的发展具有重大影响，成为所谓管理过程学派的理论基础；马克斯。
韦伯提出的通常称作“官僚制”“科层制”或“理想的行政组织”理论，成为现代大型组织广泛采用的一种组织管理方式。
被誉为“组织理论之父”；以西蒙为代表的决策理论学派强调决策的重要性，并把“决策人”作为一种独立的管理模式，提出了决策理论。
3．以下不属于企业无形资产的是( )。
A．声誉B．品牌C．文化D．组织能力正确答案：D解析：无形资产包括公司的声誉、品牌、文化、专利和商标以及工作中累积的知识和技术。
这些无形资产经常是企业竞争优势的来源。
企业的产品声望、品牌形象、企业文化和专利技术等无形资产深受消费者认同。
这些方面都构成了该公司的竞争优势来源。
4．提出企业战略包括产品与市场范围、增长向量、竞争优势、协同效应四个构成要素的学者是( )。
A．波特B．安德鲁斯C．安索夫D．明茨伯格正确答案：C解析：安索夫于1965年在其《企业战略》一书中，提出企业战略是贯穿于企业经营与产品和市场之间的一条“共同经营主线”，决定着企业目前所从事的，或者计划要从事的经营业务的基本性质。
整理(带参考答案) 复习题15 14年分析
2015年10月秋季江苏一级考试（不包括2015年3月、2014年10月、2014年3月重复题目）信息技术概述单选题1. 计算机是一种通用的信息处理工具，下面是关于计算机信息处理能力的叙述：①它不但能处理数值数据，而且还能处理图像和声音等非数值数据②它不仅能对数据进行计算，而且还能进行分析和推理③它具有相当大的信息存储能力④它能方便而迅速地与其它计算机交换信息上面这些叙述________是正确的。
A．仅①、②和④B．仅①、③和④C．①、②、③和④D．仅②、③、④2. 下列关于比特的叙述中错误的是_________。
A．比特是组成数字信息的最小单位B．比特可以表示文字、图像等多种不同形式的信息C．比特的英文是byte D．比特需要使用具有两个状态的物理器件进行表示和存储3. 某U盘的容量是1GB，这里的1GB是________字节。
A．2的30次方B．2的20次方C．10的9次方D．10的6次方4. 某计算机硬盘容量是100GB，则它相当于________ MB。
A．102400 B．204800 C．100000 D．200000判断题1. 信息是人们认识世界和改造世界的一种基本资源。
2. 信息技术是用来扩展人们信息器官功能、协助人们进行信息处理的一类技术。
3. 信息技术是指用来取代人的信息器官功能，代替人们进行信息处理的一类技术。
4. 信息技术主要包括信息获取与识别技术、通信与存储技术、计算技术、控制与显示技术等内容。
5. 信息系统的计算与处理技术可用于扩展人的大脑功能，增强对信息的加工处理能力。
6. 现代遥感遥测技术进步很快，其功能往往远超过人的感觉器官。
7. 现代信息技术涉及众多领域，例如通信、广播、计算机、微电子、遥感遥测、自动控制、机器人等。
8. 信息系统的感测与识别技术可替代人的感觉器官功能，但不能增强人的信息感知的范围和精度。
填空题1. 用8个二进位表示无符号整数时，可表示的十进制整数的数值范围是0 ～________ 。
同等学力申硕英语水平考试历年真题及模拟题详解
同等学力申硕英语水平考试历年真题及模拟题详解同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试历年真题及模拟试题详解（2013~2019）目录第一部分同等学力英语考试指南第一节大纲要求第二节大纲变化说明第三节试题分析及应试技巧第二部分历年真题及详解2013年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题及详解2014年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题及详解2015年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题及详解2016年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题及详解2017年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题及详解2018年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题及详解2019年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题及详解第三部分模拟试题及详解同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试模拟试题及详解（一）同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试模拟试题及详解（二）同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试模拟试题及详解（三）•试看部分内容同等学力英语考试指南第一节大纲要求一、指导思想为了客观地测试以同等学力申请硕士学位人员（以下简称同等学力人员）的英语水平，保证学位授予的质量，根据国务院学位委员会办公室关于修订《同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试大纲》的要求以及相关会议的精神，在总结近几年来同等学力人员英语水平统一考试经验的基础上，结合同等学力人员学习英语的特点，开展了第五次修订工作并形成新的考试大纲（第六版）。
本考试大纲要求通过教学使学生具有较好的用英语获取信息的能力和一定的用英语传递信息的能力。
这就要求考生具有较强的阅读理解能力，一定的口语交际能力和语篇信息处理能力，同时也必须具有一定的英译汉能力和写作能力。
本考试旨在测试考生是否达到大纲所规定的各项要求和具有大纲所规定的各项语言运用能力。
二、评价目标本考试重点考查考生的英语口语交际、阅读、语篇完形处理、英译汉和写作等技能（由于技术上的原因，本考试暂时取消听力测试，口语交际技能的测试采用书面形式进行。
2014年同等学力英语真题与答案解析
2014年同等学力英语考试真题Part I Oral Communication (10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices tocomplete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Sheet.Dialogue oneA.I thought you said there were three menB.They had been in there for about 5 minutesC.It’s the other man I’m talking about.Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with the gun, the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don’t know, “give me all your money” and the other one-Police officer: 1 ?Burney : No, there were two men and a girl. 2 , the one carrying the suitcase, well he goes up to the other guy-Police officer: The one with the gun?Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she- well, all the other people behind the window – they hand over piles of money and the two men put it into the suitcase and they run out.It was 1:35. 3 .Dialogue TwoA.People today don’t like thatB.I like a good storyC.They still make movies like thatSpeaker A: I like watching old movies and I think they are the best.Speaker B: I ag ree with you, even though they’re in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color.Speaker A: And there was no violence in ole movies..Speaker B: No, there wasn’t. 4 .Speaker A : They like lots of action.Speaker B : 5 .Speaker A: I like to see actors who are like real people.Speaker B: Like real people with real problems.Speaker A: 6 .Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.Section BDirections: in this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C, and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to completethe interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A.I do a lot of research on the Internet tooB.I do a lot of my shopping on the net nowC.Of course they mail their friends endlesslyD.I document everythingInterviewer: Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you?Intreviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; my iphone 5; and my Olympus digital camera. 7 : the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch my eye as I walk past.Interviewer: What do you use your computer for ?Interviewee: Well , I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screen now and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. 8 -there are some fantastic sites around now. Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home?Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home. 9 -and on top of that they’re always texting o n their mobile phones! They play computer games when they think I or their father aren’t looking! They don’t like doing homework, of course , but there are some really good revision sites on the Internet.10 -15 minutes for a whole supermarket “visit”! That feels really good.PartⅡVocabulary(10points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11.Conditions for the growth of this plant are optimum in early summer.A. most acceptableB. most expressiveC. most favorite D . most desirable12.She often says her greatest happiness consists in helping the disadvantagedChildren.A.is proportionate toB. is composed ofC. lies inD. relies on13.Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers.A. For the sake ofB. at the cost ofC. in the interest ofD. under the control of14.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends on how aggressively producers market it.A. vigorouslyB. rigorouslyC. efficientlyD. effectively15.Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.A. in order thatB. for fear thatC. in case thatD. in spite that16.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.A. impressionB. imaginationC. expressionD. presentation17.Television commercials have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years.A. reflectionB. examinationC. attackD. pressure18.The mayor has spent a handsome amount of time in his last term working to bring down the tax rate.A. plentyB. SufficientC. moderateD. considerable19. His poor performance may be attributed to the lack of motivation.A. focused onB. caused byC. viewed asD. taken for20. The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment.A. obtainB. encourageC. publicizeD. advertisePart III Reading Comprehension(25 points)Section ADirection: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answeron the Answer Sheet.Passage OneLast week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She’s been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a panic attack. Strange, right? But She’s not al one. While popular phobias (恐惧症)about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.While some phobias might seem a bit silly ,they can cause serious emotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons ,a phobia that is taking over her life, She won’t walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these “rats with wings ”finds its way onto the platform . Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it .So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from ?Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces ,but something about elevators makes me nervous .And so ,when my boyfriend and I found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year -because these sorts of things always happen eventually -I was anticipating the worst .While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we “take advantage of the situation ,”I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing.However, after the fear subsided (消退)I realized that, yes, t his was my greatest fear come true, and yet -it wasn’t all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much.Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.21. The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks because .A. she couldn’t bear their sound on plateB. she is afraid that they may hurt herC. she has never used them beforeD. she has been injured by them before22. The phrase “rats with wings”(Para.3)refers toA. devilsB. exotic ratsC. pigeonsD. strange birds23.The author’s fear of elevators is the result ofA. her dislike of being in closed spacesB. her terrible experienceC. her phobia for no reasonD. her nervousness of being alone24.After the fear subsided, the author realized thatA. an elevator ride could be excitingB. it was not as horrible as she had thoughtC. her boyfriend’s help was importantD. she could have had a good time with her boyfriend25. The purpose for the author to share her experience is toA. introduce what strange fears people haveB. explain why people have strange fearsC. illustrate conquering a fear can be difficultD. encourage people to overcome their fearsPassage TwoThe American public’s obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangerous health misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, and diet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates(碳水化合物)are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly become overweight. We are advised to avoid food a such as potatoes, rice and white bread and opt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourage consumer to buy their “carb-free” food products. But the truth is, the human body needs carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.Most foods that wo consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded with carbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefits; some fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your body of the many health benefits of carbohydrates.One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also contain antioxidants（抗氧化剂），which protect the body’s cells from harmful particles with the potential to cause cancer.This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the food pyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consume six to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each of fruits and vegetables—all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cutting carbohydrates out of a person’s diet is not a good idea.The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well as guide you toward a proper exercise program for weight loss, or muscle gain. These professionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line: listen to experts, not the advertisers!26.As is used in Paragraph 1, the word “exhausted” most possibly means _____.A. startledB. starvingC. derivedD. deprived27.According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free”products _____.A. value consumers’ well-beingB. are not telling the truthC. offer healthy optionsD. are responsible for obesity28.Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates ?A. Prevention of stroke.B. Prevention of cancer.C. Prevention of fiber reductionD. Prevention of heart disease.29. It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet _____.A. is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsB. contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteinsC. needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energyD. is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fats30.The main purpose of the passage is to _____.A.describe the variety of carbohydratesB. explain how to live a healthy lifeC. promote more physical exerciseD. advocate a healthy dietPassage ThreeOf all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can’t afford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don’t save nearly enough for retirement.In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates—but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such as budgeting, credit cards, insurance and investment. A recent survey of college students condu cted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found that students who’d had a personal-finance or money-management course in high school scored no better than those who hadn’t.“We need to figure out how to do this the right way,” says L ewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studying financial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don’t work. A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real money and spending decisions into kids’ hands and talking openly about the emotions and social influences tied to how we spend.Other initiatives are tackling such real-world issues as the commercial and social pressures that affect purchasing decisions. Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? “It takes confidence to take a stand and to think differently,” says Jeroo Billimoria, founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries, aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives. “This goes beyond money and saving.”31.The financial-literacy education is intended to _____________.A. renew Amer icans’ enthusiasm about money -managementB. increase Americans’ awareness of the financial crisisC. help Americans to overcome the financial crisisD. enable Americans to manage money wisely32.According to the author ,the National Financial Capability Challenge will be ____________A. ineffectiveB.rewardingC. costlyD.well-received33.By saying that “the financial-literacy movement has gained steam”(Para.3),the author means that the movement ______________.A. has received much criticismB. has been regarded as imaginativeC. has been more and more popularD. has gone through financial difficulties34.Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to __________.A. manage money in a more efficient wayB. carry out financial-literacy education properlyC. improve the social awareness of financial educationD. help students score better in money-management courses35.Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree that commercial and social pressures make one’s purchasing decisions ________.A. acceptableB. DifficultC. feasible C. unwisePassage FourCheating is nothing new. But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent- and are less likely to be punished – than in the past. Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loose ning of moral values among today’s youth . Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today’s youth are far more pragmatic (实用主义的) than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies, students were fille d with visions about changing the world, today’s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. There’s an underlying fear. If you don’t do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only from parents and friends but from oneself. To achieve. To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals.Wdward Wynne, a magazine editor, blame the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo, sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. “I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. Huber said . He fells that as long as teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together, students will try to beat the system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individuals who are doing it,” he said. ‘That’s too easy an answer. We’ve got to start looking at the system.”cators are finding that students who cheat .A. have poor academic recordsB. are more likely to be punished than beforeC. tend to be dishonest in later yearsD. are not only those academically weak37. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Students do not cheat on essay tests.B. Students’ cheating has deep social roots.C. Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating.D. Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.38.Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huber Agree with?A. Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.B. Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.C. Students who cheat should be expelled from school.D. Cheating would be reduced trough an educational reform.39.The expression “the individuals” (the last paragraph ) refers to .A. teachersB. parentsC. students who cheatD. school administrators40. The passage mainly discusses .A. people’s tolerance of students’ cheatingB. the decline of moral standards of today’s youthC. factors leading to academic dishonestyD. ways to eliminate academic dishonestySection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answersA, B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children’s education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school, helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researchers combed through nearly three decades’ worth of surveys of American parents and tracked 63 different measures of parental participation in kids’ academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexed these measures to children’s academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield fewacademic dividends for kids, or even to backfire（适得其反）—regardless of a parent’s race, or level of education.Do you review your daughter’s homework every night? Robinson and Harris’s data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids(fewer than half of whom are read to daily)and talking with teenagers about college plans. But these interventions don’t take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policy makers have the most influence — they take place at home.Comment 1:Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids.Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise.Comment 2:It also depends on the kid . Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn,t mean they are ready for college or the work place.Comment 3:The article doesn’t clearly define “helping,” but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises(e.g. Helping them to solve a math problem)and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they’re completed their work.I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discourage parents from monitoring their children’s performance!41. The word “they”(Para.1) refers to________.A. principlesB. studiesC. obligationsD. Values42.What is main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study?A.Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.B.The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.C.Schools should communicate with parents regularly.D.Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.ment 1 suggests that_________.A. kids should be kids after allB. Parents should leave their children aloneC. Persistent parental involvement is a mustD. Parents may influence children’s thinking44.The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that_________.A.getting ready for college is an emotional processB.high intelligence dose not guarantee successC. high school is often boring in the U.S.D. Social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in life45.Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?A. Monitoring kids’ class performance.B. Reviewing kids’ homework for accuracy.C. Making sure kids have finished their work.D. Assisting kids in their exercises.Part Ⅳ Cloze(10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Ironically, a study finds that we‘re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time try into be considerate. We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel 47 .But there‘s something that the most sentimental gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 ,practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving .Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things 50 great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care? Often, no. “Gift receivers would be51 if givers gave them exactly what they requested 52 attempting to be ‘thoughtful and considerate’ by buying gifts they did not explicitly request” to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability(e.g. the 54 of the coffee based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility).46. A. opened B. have opened C. opening D. to open47. A. in return B. in place C. in turn D. in person48. A. How B. Why C. When D. Whether49. A. In many cases B. In many ways C. To sum up D. To be sure50. A. take up B. make four C. lead to D. work out51. A. surprised B. happy C. more surprised D. happier52. A. but for B. as to C. rather than D. regardless of53. A. measure B. select C. classify D. decide54. A. ease B. cost C. quality D. look55. A. continuously B. nevertheless C. whereas D. unexpectedlyPart Ⅴ Text Completion(20 points)Directions:In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in thebox to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text OnePhrases:A. And understandably 56B. that the companies that 57 want moneyC. that could be spent 58Children are a special target of advertisers 59 .Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said : “You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because it is every where. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 60 .They don ,t have our best interests in mind.”They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 61 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.Text TwoPhrases:A. 62 the wages of average familiesB. 63 the reach of most AmericansC. 64 young people to collegeA research group in California has released a “national report card on higher education.” The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982.Costs have climbed much faster than other prices- 65 .The group warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education 66 .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The report also expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in67 .Text ThreePhrases:A. from 68 its feathersB. would be difficult to 69C. it 70 couldD. enabling the bird to 71The emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate the bird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times faster than 72 .How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so by releasing tiny air bubbles 73 .As these bubbles are released, they reduce friction on the surface of the penguin ’s wings 74 .Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster by using bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls(船身).However, researchers acknowledge that further investigationis。
2014年同等学力英语真题解析
2014年同等学力英语真题解析2014年同等学力申请硕士学位英语真题卷答案解析与翻译Dialogue One(1)从伯尼的回答: no, there were two men anda girl. 不是的，有两个男人和一个女孩，可见是对警察的否定，警察应该说I thought you said there were three men，因此第1空填A。
(2)伯尼纠正了警察的说法后，应该接着说，我正在说的是另外一个人。
第2空填C。
(3)第3空前面提到一个时间，那个时候是1点35分，所以后面应该接上一个这个事件持续的时间，因此第3空填B。
参考译文这是一个警察和目击者的对话伯尼：有两个男人，不，好像是三个，他们冲进银行，一个带着枪，个子高的一个人跑到收银台旁边，开始叫嚷着什么，我不太清楚，另外一个喊道“把你们所有的钱都给我”。
警官：我想你说有三个男人对吗？伯尼: 不是的，有两个男人和一个女孩子，我说的是另外一个男人，他提着一个手提箱，朝着另外一个男人走去。
警官：是带枪的那个人吗？伯尼：是的，他打开手提箱，好家伙，收银台后面所有的收银员都交出成堆的钱，这两个男人把钱装进手提箱，然后就跑出了银行，那个时候是1点35分，他们在银行一共逗留了大约5分钟。
Dialogue two(1)看完前三句话我们知道谈话双方主要是在讲关于电影的看法。
双方都表示喜欢老电影，且Speaker A说是因为老电影有好的故事情节并且没有暴力，而由空下面一句“they like lots of action.（他们喜欢动作片），they替代了一个复数的名词，也就是people，因此第1空填A。
(2)由上下的逻辑关系可知，前面是说现在的人喜欢看动作片，下一句Speaker A说想看到和我们现实生活中一样的人，有着和我们现实生活中的人一样的问题。
因此可知这里是在分别表达说话者的观点，因此第二空填B。
(3)最后一句Speaker B回答说：是的，但是那些电影并赚钱。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
米德冲突是指在许多情况下，单独使用支出调整政策或支出转换政策而同时追求内、外均衡两种目标的实现，将会导致一国内部均衡与外部均衡之间冲突。
6.在确定的未来某一时刻，按照确定的价格买卖（但不在交易所集中交易）一定数量的某种资产的协议是
A远期B期货C期权D互换
答案：A
7.根据最优货币区，最优货币区理论的条件包括：1）要素市场融合2）价格与工资弹性3）商品市场高度融合4）国际收支顺差5）宏观经济协调和政策融合6）金融市场融合
A 1）2）4）6）B 1）2）3）4）6）C 1）3）4）6）D 1）2）3）5）6）
答案：D
8国际收支表的经常账户包括
1）货物2）服务3）收入4）经常转移5）国际收支
A 1）2）3）B 1）2）3）4）C 1）2）3）4）5）D 1）2）4）5）
答案：C
最优货币区条件分析
最优货币区理论最初是在关于固定汇率制与浮动汇率制优劣的辩论中发展起来的。20世纪50年代，以米尔顿·弗里德曼为代表浮动汇率制的拥护者提出，一个国家如果价格和工资具有很强的刚性，那么保持宏观经济内外均衡的汇率制度应采用浮动汇率安排。固定汇率下，价格和工资的刚性将造成消除国际收支失衡的政策，要么导致通货膨胀，要么加剧失业。如果采用浮动汇率，本币对外汇率的变动将通过贸易条件和实际工资的改变来减轻资源重新配置的成本。由于现实世界中各国的价格和工资都存在着一定程度的刚性，因此人们大多认为不管经济条件如何，采用浮动汇率制的结果总是正面的，但最优货币区理论认为这是不对的。
2015年经济学同等学力硕士学位考试
一、选择题（2*8=16）
1.二元经济结构是指以为主的现代部门与以为主的传统部门并存，传统部门比重大，现代部门发展不足以及城乡明显的经济结构。
A高科技产业、低端制造业B资本密集型、劳动密集型
C城市工业、农村农业D先进产业、落后产业
答案：C
2.若正常品需求曲线向下倾斜，可能导致该商品需求D向右下移动至D’的因素包括：
3.金融市场融合。国际收支理论告诉我们，除了长期实际收益率的差异引发的资本流动，一般来讲，金融资本的转移不能无限维持结构失衡导致的国际收支赤字。但是，资本流入弥补贸易赤字的做法却可以延长经济结构调整的时间。在长期中，价格和工资的弹性以及货币区内生产要素的流动性会提高。因此，经济调整的成本会因金融交易高度融合而有所减少。资本流动调整经济失衡的另一个渠道是“财富效应”，贸易顺差地区同时也大多是资本流出的地区，即金融资产的净债权持有国，财富增加会提高人们的边际消费倾向，增加开支，这样将会减少本地区（本国）的收支盈余。与之相反，国际收支逆差国，也是净债务国，财富减少会使人们减少开支，从而有助于减少国际收支逆差。
如果上述区域内价格与工资是完全刚性的，则区域内各地区间收支不平衡的调整过程，将会使一个地区出现失业或另一个地区出现通货膨胀。在这种条件下，各地区间汇率的浮动，可以部分具有真实经济调整过程中工资和价格具有弹性时所起的作用。弗里德曼由现实生活中各国经济都带有不同程度的工资和价格刚性出发，得出了各国应采用浮动汇率制的结论。而蒙代尔等最优货币区理论的开创者则提出只要符合一定的条件，即使工资和价格无弹性，采用固定汇率制，也可达到经济的内外均衡。
答案：A
5.米德冲突是指
A一国如果希望同时达到内部均衡与外部均衡之间的目标，则必须同时运用支出调整政策和支出转换政策。
B要实现n个经济目标，必须具备n个政策工具。
C在某些情况下，单独使用支出调整政策（财政政策和货币政策），追求内外均衡将会导致一国内部均衡与外部均衡之间的冲突。
D在某些情况下，同时使用支出调整政策，追求内外均衡将会导致一国内部均衡与外部均衡之间的冲突。
1）该商品价格下降2)替代品价格3）互补品价格4）消费者收入5）消费者偏好发生变化
A 1）2）B 2) 3)C 3）4）D 4）5）
答案：D
3.不属于我国社保制度构成的内容
A社会保险B社会捐赠C社会福利D社会救济
答案：B
社会福利：国家依法为所有公民普遍提供旨在保证一定生活水平和尽可能提高生活质量的资金和服务的社保制度。
2.要素市场融合。蒙代尔关于最优货币区的定义是：内部要素充分流动（包括地区间和产业间劳动力、资本的流动），对外则生产要素完全不流动的区域。这样的区域可以采用单一货币或固定汇率来组成最优货币区。蒙代尔的论述是，组成货币区的两国在面对需求转移引致的收支失衡时，除了汇率政策外也还有其他的平衡机制，如生产要素的完全流动。若A、B两国组成一个货币区，两国货币比价固定或者采用了单一货币，那么当需求由B国产品转移到A国产品，则A国将出现通货膨胀，B国将出现失业。如果假设价格与工资完全无弹性，但两国劳动力可以自由流动，那么B国过剩的劳动力将转移到A国，在A国生产出更多产品，提高A国的供给水平，汇率便无须调整，真实经济的最终均衡可部分由生产要素的流动来实现。由于要素流动的速度一般较慢，它对于缓解长期、永久性需求转移造成的收支失衡将更有效，而对于短期、暂时的经济冲击而造成的收支失衡，如果仅通过生产要素在产业间或地区间的转移进行调节，区域内各地区仍将出现通货膨胀或者失业。
1.价格与工资弹性。价格和工资缺乏弹性的假定是弗里德曼建立浮动汇率制的立论基础。假设由一组国家或地区组成的区域，如果区域内价格和工资具有充足弹性，即工资和价格可以对市场供给、需求的变化做出及时、充分的反应，那么区域内各地区或国家应该采用固定汇率在彼此的货币间建立起相应的关系。因为价格和工资的完全弹性，即相对价格和工资的调整可使整个区域内的市场随时出清，从而使各地区间收支差额的平衡过程不会引起失业率上升，所以区域内（即地区间或国家间）汇率的浮动是不必要的。而且，通过固定汇率将整个区域联在一起还可以提高货币的有用性。
社会救：社会救助，对社会成员提供最低生活保障，扶危济贫。
社会捐赠：自然人、法人或其他社会团体出于爱心，自愿无偿地向公益性社会团体、公益性非赢利单位，某个群体或个人捐赠财产进行救助的活动。
4.不属于国债的功能：
1）弥补政府财政赤字2）替代私人投资3）调节经济4）筹集建设资金5）公开从事市场业务
A 2）B 5）C 1）D 5）