自考高级英语上册Lesson 13 work
自考高英上 lesson13
words and expressions
1. actuate
vt. a. 开劢(机器等)；驱劢，促劢；使劢作，使活劢，使运 转： to actuate a machine 开劢机器 The pump is actuated by a belt driven by an electric motor. 这台抽水机由电劢机皮带驱劢。 b. [通常用于被劢语态]驱使，激励： be actuated by envy 在妒忌心驱使下 be actuated by selfish motives 在自私劢机驱使下 n. actuation 冲动，驱使；刺激；行动
8. procure v. obtain by effort 取得，实现
to procure an agreement 达成协议 ~ a systematic theory How can he procure that rare stamp? 他是怎样得到 那张罕见邮票的？ The book is out of print and difficult to procure. 那 书已绝版，很难弄到手。 adj. procurable 可得到的；可实现的 n. procurement 采购；获得，取得
3. game n. v. adj.
~ law 野生劢物保护法规 The faces of the two conspirators gave the game away! 两个同谋者的表情露出了马脚。 He must anticipate the maneuvers of the other lawyers and beat them at their own game. 他必须对其他律师的策略有所准备，从而将计就计戓胜他 们。 adj. gamy 勇敢的；味道强的；猎物多的 gamey 味道强的；勇敢的；多猎物的 n. gambling 赌博；投机
大学高级英语第一册第13课译文及课后答案
大学高级英语第一册第13课译文及课后答案大不列颠望洋兴叹安德鲁.尼尔英国商船队的大名如今已很少见诸报纸上的大字标题，它已几乎被人们遗忘。
然而，海运业今天依然是英国经济的主要命脉，我国的内外贸易商品99％要靠海洋运输——其中一大半是通过英国商船运输。
海运业在英国占有举足轻重的地位，是个兴旺发达的行业，它一年可赚取10亿多英镑的外汇。
如果没有我们的商业船队，那么，就算有北海的石油，我国的收支还会是永远的赤字。
然而，如今英国的这一至关重要的产业正面临着空前严重的危机。
几乎在世界上所有的主要航海线上，英国商业船队都有被强劲的外国竞争对手挤开的危险。
威胁主要来自两个方面：其一是苏联及东欧集团各国，它们正大力扩充自己的商业船队，并通过大幅度压低价格同西方海运公司竞争的手段挤进国际海运界；其二是发展中国家的商船队，它们正努力要从对英国利害攸关的几条航线——欧洲至亚洲、亚洲至远东等航线上夺走大部分生意。
今天，大不列颠的商业船队再也不是海上霸王了：我们在世界商船总量中所占的比重已由原来的40％降到现在的大约8％。
不过，就商业船只的总吨位而言，英国商业船队仍保持着继续扩展的势态，其装载总量比起1914年已增加2／3以上。
在我国的传统产业258 中，几乎还只有海运业至今依然保持着常盛不衰的记录。
与英国其他各行业情形不同的是，海运业的船主们花了大本钱投资。
60年代初期，英国的海运公司利用政府资助和减税等有利条件大发其财。
在1966至1976年间，英国海运业的投资率每天竟超过100万英镑。
到70年代初，几乎每个星期就有一艘新的英国船只在世界的某个港口下水。
结果是英国拥有了一支非常现代化的商业船队：我们的船只的平均年龄只有6年，而且一半以上的船只投入使用还不到五年。
在目前这一阶段，英国海运业的经营者们在投资建造最先进的船只这方面是走在了其他国家的竞争对手的前头。
英国商船队得以称雄的另一个重要因素是英国人100多年前首创的一种组织：“商船协会”19世纪中叶，帆船与汽船之间的竞争愈演愈烈，已到了你死我活的程度，由竞争所带来的降价使得许多历史悠久的船运公司纷纷破产。
高级英语Lesson13.ppt
Bulk carrier 驳船/散装货轮
• 1. 散货船 • bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首...bulk carrier 散货船 ...bulk oil carrier 散装油轮 - 相关搜索 • 2. 散装货轮 • built-up area 已建区...bulk carrier 散装货轮...bund 堤 - 相关搜索 • 3. 散装运送业 • 179 broker 经纪人...180 bulk carrier 散装运送业...181 bulk container 散装集装箱 - 相关搜索 • 4. 散装货船 • bulk carrier 散货船...bulk carrier 散装货船...bulk cement barge 散装水泥驳
liner-freight vessel/liner ship 货运班轮
3. Iron Curtain Countries 铁幕后的国家
• 3. Iron Curtain Countries 铁幕后的国家 • People referred to the border that separated the Soviet Union and the communist countries of Eastern Europe from the Western European countries as the Iron Curtain. N-PROPER 'the' N • The collapse of the Iron Curtain had immediate impact on the lives of everyone in Germany. • ...when he travelled behind the Iron Curtain in the 1970s. • People used to refer to the Soviet Union and its East European allies as the Iron Curtain countries.
自考英语(二)上册 第十三课
Unit 13 Text A保险
一位保险代理商今天早晨给我打电话，这位代理商想和我讨论我的汽车承保范围，而下一位打电话来的保险代理商则可能对我的人寿险，健康险，我的住宅和家具的火险感兴趣。美国的消费者们时常感觉到经常受保险代理商的打扰。很多推销各种不同险别的代理商给我们打电话，有时甚至还上门推销。这些保险代理商总是亲切友好，衣着考究，一副乐于效劳的样子。
聪明的消费者能正视问题，虽然事故，疾病和死亡 不是令人愉快的话题，但我们每个人都知道面临着这些可能性。我们对这些情况作出计划，找出应付的办法，这就比仅仅希望这些厄运远离我们要好得多。
虽然保险是复杂的，但其基本要领既不困难，也并非学不会。情况恰恰相反，那些愿意学习的人就能理解保险的基本原理。认真学习使我们获知识。学习保险是一种有效的和经受了实践检验的方法，它能解决许多美国家庭对保险的无知现象。
Insurance also reminds us that we live in an unsafe world. We are human and we must face the possibilities of illness, injury, death, and financial loss. Our rational minds recognize the many unfortunate events that can occur, but in our hearts we hope that we might be spared. Serious injury or death is not a pleasant subject to discuss or even consider. We are afraid; we would rather talk about football or the weather or what we had for lunch.
unit 13高英
L ANGUAGE WORKUnit 13 Text I BeautyL ANGUAGE WORK1. match vt. to be equal to; find sb. or sth. that fits or corresponds toNo one can match her at chess.We try to match the applicants with appropriate vacancies.2. paradoxical adj. seemingly absurd or contradictory, even if actually well-founded; conflicting with a preconceived notion of what is reasonable or possibleThe speaker made some paradoxical statements.His paradoxical remarks seem absurd or contradictory, but they are actually true.It seems paradoxical that there should be a handful of rich people in face of millions of poorpeople.3. seductive adj. attractive; tending to seduce, charm or tempt sb.Her .seductive smile attracts so many young people.This offer of a high salary and a free house is very seductive to the applicants.4. wary adj. cautious and watchfulChildren are usually told to be wary of strangers.The guards are keeping a wary eye on the guy loafing in the lobby.5. facility n. an ability to do sth. easily or effortlesslyThe thief ran and dodged with such facility that the policemen almost failed to catch him. T can hardly believe that you speak English with such facility.6. classical adj. of, relating to or influenced by the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome; (of music) serious and traditional in style; simple, restrained and harmonious in styleA classical education is one based on die study of Latin and Greek.She is studying the classical music of India.The style of the architecture is characterized by a classical elegance.By the way, the word classic, which is also an adjective and close in spelling to classical, is different in meaning. Classic usually means "a famous or supreme example of its type." Vosne Romanee is a classic French wine.The cathedral has been considered an example of classic design for over a century.5. The Prime Minister's policy alienated many of her followers.Many artists feel alienated from society.arbitrary adj. based on personal opinion or impulse, not on principles or reason; using uncontrolled power without considering others, dictatorial, like a dictatorThe choice of players for the team seems completely arbitrary. The committee has made some arbitrary decisions.An arbitrary ruler wields his arbitrary powers.6. prestige n. respect based on good reputation, past achievements, etc.; power to impress others, esp. as a result of wealth, distinction, glamour, etc.The man suffered a loss of prestige when the scandal was publicized.She enjoys prestige in the community.6. The team was thrown on the defensive as their opponents rallied. Talking about boy friends always puts her on the defensive. The troops are standing on the defensive.7. equivalent n. a corresponding thing; an amount of equal value, word of the same meaningThis new refrigerator cost the equivalent of my whole month's salary.Is there a French word that is the exact equivalent of the English word "home"?compliment n. an expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc.; (pi.) greetings, esp. as part of a messageShe paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings. These beautiful flowers are a compliment to the gardener's skill. My compliments to your wife!8. Protestant n. & adj. (a member) of any of the Christian bodies that separated from the Church of Rome in the 16th century, or of their branches formed later This is a Protestant church.The Protestant minister is presiding over the service。
英语专业自考专升本—— 00600高级英语课后答案
高级英语课后答案上册Lesson One What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?A1. 1) The author uses the two quotations to introduce the discussion and express his ideas aboutrock music and young culture heroes. 2) Yes, they are.2. The author uses the three examples to show that the young people worship the rock superstarsvery much, but the adults find these rock superstars are sick. These examples are used to show that young people and adults have totally different attitudes towards rock music.3. Irving Horowitz believes that rock music can express its time. He sees it as a debating forumwhere American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.4. When he appeared on the Ed. Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions, a kind of“debate” took place. Most of the old people frowned while most of the young viewers applauded.5. Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection. The Beatles urged peace and piety. The RollingStones demanded revolution.6. Apart from politics, the rock music dealt with a range of feelings and emotions.7. The rock superstars got applause, praise and money.8. No, he hasn’t. It is impossible for the author to give a complete answer in a short article. Heends his article with questions because he wants to leave the question to the readers and let them think.B1.他描述道：“贾格尔抓起半加仑水，沿着前台跑，边跑边把水洒向前几排酷热难耐的歌迷身上……”2. 你对这种赞美和英雄崇拜是怎样看的？3. 或者是由于他把你狂热的幻想表演出来了，你就不知不觉地被这个不可思议的小丑吸引？4. 一些社会学家认为，你对这些问题的回答，可以说明你在想什么，社会在想什么。
高级英语第一册13课
高级英语第一册13课13．Britannia Rues the Waves1. grab the headlines2.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation?s economy.3.It earn ￡1000 million a year in foreign exchange earnings: without our merchant fleet, the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit, despite North Sea oil.4. But now this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.5.On almost all the major sea routes of the world, the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.6.The Russians and the Eastern bloc countries who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies, and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting the Western shipping companies.通过大幅度削价与西方船运公司竞争已跻身国际船运界7．The merchant fleets of the developing nations, who are bent on taking over the lion?s share of the trade between Europe and America, Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.大部分份额/ 利益攸关8．The Britain fleet no long dominates the high sea.公海, 外海9. In the early 1960s, the shipping companies cashed in on government grants and tax concessions.政府资助和减税优惠Let's cash in on the fine weather and go10.In the19th century, competition between sailing-ships and steam-ships became cut-throat, and price-cutting ruined many long-established companies. 老牌公司11．It was in fact a cartel, though the British ship-owners gave it the more dignified name of a “conference”. Stand the test of time.12.take some of the risk out of the dodgy business of moving goods by sea.13. They make it harder, perhaps, to make a good killing 大发横财/大赚一把in good times, because you have to share the trade with other conference members. But they make it easier to weather the bad times, because there is no mad, competitive scramble for the available trade.14. the quadrupling oil price15. By 1974, the industrialized world had begun its slide into the worst depression since the 1930s.16. As oil demand cut back, charter rates plummeted, and the estuaries of t he world became jammed with the steadily increasing numbers of moth-ball tankers.17. By 1976, the slump had begun to bite into the bulk carrier trade. Bulk carriers are ships that carry dry cargo of one particular kind, such as sugar, coal or wheat, with iron core being by far the most important. 驳船生意18．With the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who need iron ore carriers?19. With its big bulk carrier fleet , the British shipping industry now began to feel the pinch.20. Bankruptcy / weather the economic storm /the scheduled freight-liner services—and that is where Britain?s fleet strongly entrenched. / liner-freight vessels follow agreed routes, or lines, and call at ports on agreed dates,沿着预先制定的路线，定期抵达各港口21. a shipment of tractor parts / the going freight rate22.It is an ideal “parcel” service for people with cargoes that are not big enough to make it worth chartering a whole ship. “零担运输”业务23．Plus 有利条件，优势It is also a plus for the ship-owners not to be dependent on only one customer. Liner ships carry all sorts of different cargoes—mainly finished manufactured goods—so, if there is a slump in one particular industry, provided there is still buoyancy in other industries, the line fleets can still survive (iv)them a distinct advantage over…工业制成品24．Much of Britain …s liner fleet rarely sees a British port. Our ships are extensive cross-trader.远洋国际商船25．Until recently, those routes were highly profitable for the Britishcompanies, and a major source of foreign currency for Britain. They are also the routes on which the Third World and the Russians are out to make the biggest inroads.26. Most emerging countries in the Third World are out to carry a bigger share of their trade in their own ships. Developing countries regard a merchant navy as something of a status symbol—the next thing to go for after a national airline.27.But P&O has no intention of throwing in the towel. The key tactic behind its strategy of holding on to the richest slice of the trade has been to move up-market—to go where the Third World cannot follow: into high-technology investment.丰厚的利润/ 高端市场28．Put up the money to pioneer the international deep-sea container service. / warehouse /dockside…and they are very secure against theft; except for a code number on the outside, there is no indication of what is inside the box.29…. Is far from being the whole answer to the Third Worldthreat. The developing countries are not out to compete with Western fleets by commercial means; they want to impose a set of rules which will guarantee them a major slice of the shipping trades.30.This demand has found official expression in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD. The UNCTAD liner code lays down that…正式提出/ 海运法规31．Revenue / Not enough countries have ratified the UNCTAD code yet to bring it into force. But if it does become universal, it could strike a severe blow to Britain?s liner trade.32.The Iron curtain countries represent an even greater and more organized threat to the future of Britian?s liner ships, and it is a threat that is much more difficult to counter/respond to.33…the growth in either its own trade or world trade would justify. Come into service/ And with its policy of excessively low freight rates, the Russian merchant navy has already made major inroads into Western trade. 超低运费策略34．Its seaborne trade with EEC/ It is biting deeply into the major cross-trading routes of the world. 他已经侵入到世界各大跨国贸易航线have already captured 20% of the cargo traffic on the busy sea- lanes of the North Atlantic.35. make a profit / hard currency 硬通货It doesn?t matter very much if they are operating at a loss; that can be made up by the Soviet government in roubles.36.But there is more to it than that for the Russians.还有别的目的，意义远非如此37．‘Mer cantile marine / merchant fleet商船队38.expand the Soviet reach well beyond its perimeters.39. So this mercantile marine capability is certainly a great advancein the Soviet ability to project their power at some distance from their own frontiers.40. And this is also part of a general Soviet hydrographic policy to map the oceans of the world, to get to know its ports and, above all, to deepen contacts with the states with whom the Russians are developing close trading ties.海洋勘测总规划41．Counter sth. at an international level42. Concerted action on that issue / coordinated response43. Trade department looks after shipping / Industry department oversees shipbuilding44. Ship-owners fear that saving jobs in Britain?s ailing shipyards comes well before saving its merchant fleet.病入膏肓的造船业45．British shipyards are currently churning out 24 vessels for Poland. The Poles were lured to Britain by the gift of a ￡28 million sunsidy and the promise that British shipbuilders would raise all the credit, so while our shipping fleet is under attack from communist ships, our government is using British taxpayers? money to cut their shipbuilding costs. 英国的造船厂最近正在为波兰赶制24艘船只。
高英第13课课件
高英第13课课件Lesson 13Britannia Rues the WavesAndrew Neilp. 231Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days; it is almost a forgotten industry. Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy. Ninety-nine percent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship — and over half of it in British ships.Shipping is also a significant British success story. It earns over ￡1000 million a year in foreign exchange earnings: without our merchant fleet, the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit, despite North Sea oil. But, today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before. On almost all the major sea routes of the world, the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions: from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies, and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies; and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations, who are bent on taking over the lion's share of the trade between Europe and Africa, Asia and the Far East -- routes in which Britain has a big stake.Today, the British fleet no longer dominates the high seas:our share of the world's merchant fleet has fallen from 40 per cent to around eight per cent. But, in terms of tonnage, the British merchant navy has continued to expand, it can now carry over two-thirds more than it could in 1914, and, almost alone among our traditional industries, shipping has remained a major success story.Unlike the rest of British industry, ship-owners invested big. In the early 1960s, the shipping companies cashed in on government grants and tax concessions. Between 1966 and 1976, British shipping lines invested at a rate of over ￡1 million a day. By the early 1970s, it seemed that, somewhere in the world, a new British ship was being launched every week. The result is that Britain has a very modern fleet: the average age of our merchant ships is only six years, and over half the fleet is under five years old. For some time now, British shipping managers have stayed ahead of the competition by investing in the most sophisticated ships.The other major factor which has played a key role in the dominance of the British merchant navy is an institution invented by the British well over 100 years ago: the "conference".In the middle of the 19th century, competition between sailing-ships and steamships became cutthroat, and price cutting ruined many long-established companies. So the ship owners got together to establish a more settled system, and they set up a system of price fixing. In other words, every possible type of cargo had a price, which all owners agreed to charge. It was, in fact, a cartel, though the British ship owners gave it the more dignified name of a "conference". The system has certainly stood the test of time. Today, there are about 300 conferences governing the trade-routes of the world,and the British still play a major role.By reducing competition, shipping conferences have taken some of the risk out of the dodgy business of moving goods by sea. They make it harder, perhaps, to make a big killing in good times, because you have to share the trade with other conference members. But they make it easier to weather the bad times, because there is no mad, competitive scramble for the available trade.By the early 1970s, bad times were just around the corner. The world shipbuilding boom reached its peak in 1973, but that was the year of the Arab-Israeli war, which was followed rapidly by the quadrupling of oil prices. By 1974, the industrialised world had begun its slide into the worst depression since the 1980s, and the shipping industry had entered its long years of crisis.The first to be affected were the oil-tanker fleets. As oil demand was cut back, charter rates plummeted, and the estuaries of the world became jammed with the steadily increasing numbers of mothball tankers. Norway and Greece suffered most. British ship owners had not become so involved in the tanker boom in the first place, so they were not so badly affected. By 1976, the slump had begun to bite into the bulk carrier trade. Bulk carriers are ships that carry dry cargo of one particular kind, such as sugar, coal or wheat, with iron ore being by far the most important. But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who needed iron ore carriers? With its big bulk-carrier fleet, the British shipping industry now began to feel the pinch.Britannia ( n.) [poetic] Great Britain [诗]大不列颠rue ( v.) repent of；regret having entered into懊悔；抱憾Britannia Rues the Waves is a parody of Britain's proud boast, "Britannia Rules the Waves", a song much sung and played in the British Navy.industry ①Commercial production and sale of goods.产业，工业：商业性生产和货物销售②A specific branch of manufacture and trade 行业,制造业或商业的分支success storyan account of the achievement of success by someone or some enterprise; a person or thing that is very successful foreign exchange①Transaction of international monetary business, as between governments or businesses of different countries.国际汇兑：各国政府或商行间的国际金融业务交易②Negotiable bills drawn in one country to be paid in another country.外汇deficit ( n.) the amount by which a sum of money is less than the required amount亏损；赤字peril ( n.) exposure to harm or injury；danger (严重的)危险；冒险bloca group of countries in special allianceundercut (v．) sell at lower prices or work at lower wages than比以别人低的价格出售be bent on (doing) sth．be determined on 决心the lion's sharethe largest or best part of sth．when it isdivided最大最好的一份stakea share or an interest in an enterprise 股份：指企业的股份high seasThe open waters of an ocean beyond the limits of the territorial jurisdiction of a country 公海：一国领土管辖权以外的海洋的公共水域tonnage ( n.)the total amount of shipping of a country or port，calculated in tons (一国或一港口的)船舶总吨数cash in on sthtake advantage of or profit from sth．获得利益或利润tax concessionsa right or privilege granted by the government to be tax exempt（免除）launchTo put (a boat) into the water in readiness for use. 下水：使（船）下水以备使用institutionAn established organization or foundation, especially one dedicated to education, public service, or culture. 机构,组织或基金，特别是指为教育，公共服务或文化的目的而设立的机构sailing shiplarge wind-powered vesselcartel [kɑ:'tel] ( n.) an association of industrialists，business firms. etc．for establishing a national or international monopoly by price fixing 卡特尔，同业联盟dodgy ( adj.) unstable, unreliable不可靠的：不稳定的scramble ( n.) rough struggle；a disorderly struggle or rush 争夺，抢夺quadruple ['kw?drupl] ( v.) make or become four times as much or as many；multiply by four (使)成四倍depressiona protracted period in which business activity is far below normal and the pessimism of business and consumers is great.charterThe hiring of an aircraft, a vessel, or other vehicle 包租，包船，包机：出租飞机、轮船或其他交通工具plummet ( v.) drop drastically骤然跌落estuary ['estju?ri] ( n.) the wide part of a river where it nears the sea (江河入海的)河口mothball ( n.)① small ball of chemical pesticide used when storing clothing樟脑丸②the state of being stored，or kept in existence but not used封存保藏A tank ship, often referred to as a tanker, is a ship designed to transport liquids in bulk.slump ( n.) a decline in business activity，price，etc．(物价等)暴跌；(市场等)萧条Bulk cargo is commodity cargo that is transported unpackaged in large quantities. Bulk cargos are classified asliquid or dry.dry cargocommodities that are not liquidsdoldrums ['d?ldr?mz] ( n.) low spirits；dull，gloomy feeling 情绪低落，意志消沉；忧郁pinch ( n.) a painful，difficult circumstance困苦的处境，贫困的境地p. 234Even though the slump spread fast into most shipping sectors, the British fleet was still a long way from bankruptcy. The one area which has weathered the economic storms best is that controlled by the conferences: the scheduled freight-liner services -- and that is where Britain's fleet is strongly entrenched.Liner-freight vessels offer people who want to sendgoods by sea a regular, scheduled shipping service; they follow agreed routes, or‘lines’, and call at ports on agreed dates. For example, if I want to send a shipment of spare tractor parts from Taiwan to Bangkok, all I have to do is contact the Far East Freight Conference, and that will be able to tell me when the next liner ship will be calling at Taiwan, the exact date on which it will get to Bangkok, and the going freight rate. It is an ideal 'parcel' service for people with cargoes that are not big enough to make it worth chartering a whole ship.It is also a plus for the ship owners not to be dependent on only one customer. Liner ships carry all sorts of different cargoes -- mainly finished manufactured goods -- so, if there is a slump in one particular industry, provided there is still buoyancy in other industries, the liner fleets can still survive. That gives them a distinct advantage over oil tankers or bulk carriers, because thelatter are dependent on one or two basic raw materials. That is why Britain has remained relatively strong.Much of Britain's liner fleet rarely sees a British port. Our ships are extensive cross-traders; that is, they carry goods between foreign countries. British companies are big, for example, on the Japan-to-Australia run, and on the growing trade routes between the Far East and the Middle East, around the Persian Gulf. Until recently, those routes were highly profitable for the British companies, and a major source of foreign currency for Britain. They are also the routes on which the Third World and the Russians are out to make the biggest inroads.Most emerging countries in the Third World are out to carry a bigger share of their trade in their own ships. Developing countries regard a merchant navy as something of a status symbol -- the next thing to go for after a national airline. Singapore has expanded their fleet by 6000 percent in the last 15 years, India by 400 percent.The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping companies. P & O, for example, while still out to increase the total freight it carries, is planning for a gradual reduction in its percentage share of the trade with the new shipping powers of the Third World. But P & O has no intention of throwing in the towel. The key tactic behind its strategy of holding on to the richest slice of the trade has been to move up-market -- to go where the Third World cannot follow: into high-technology investment.Containers, for example, were an American invention, but it was British ship owners who put up the money to pioneer the international deep-sea container service. Containers save time, because the loading is done in the factory or warehouse, ratherthan on the dockside, and they are very secure against theft; except for a code number on the outside, there is no indication of what is inside the box. T o cash in on the container revolution, you need a sophisticated system of roads and railways, something that most Third World countries do not have: And container ships are expensive, around ￡50 million each.P & O's high-technology, high-investment strategy, however, is far from being the whole answer to the Third World threat. The developing countries are not out to compete with Western fleets by commercial means; they want to impose a set of rules which will guarantee them a major slice of the shipping trade. This demand has found official expression in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD. The UNCTAD liner code lays down that between two trading partners, 80 per cent of the freight should be split equally between their respective merchant fleets. That leaves only 20 per cent to go into the numerous cross-traders, all fighting for a share, and it is on these cross-trades that British liner companies earn 40 per cent of their revenue. Not enough countries have ratified the UNCTAD code yet to bring it into force. But if it does become universal, it could strike a severe blow to Britain's liner trade.The Iron Curtain countries represent an even greater and more organised threat to the future of Britain's liner ships, and it is a threat that is much more difficult to counter.Russia has expanded its cargo-liner fleet far faster than the growth in either its own trade or world trade would justify. Today, it has the largest liner fleet in the world and another one million tons should come into service before 1980. And with its policy of excessively low freight rates, the Russian merchant navy hasalready made major inroads into Western trade.Russia now carries 95 per cent of its sea-borne trade with the EEC in its own ships. More important, it is biting deeply into the major cross-trading routes of the world. Eastern bloc countries -- Russia, with Poland and East Germany -- have already captured 20 per cent of the cargo traffic on the busy sea-lanes of the North Atlantic, almost 25 per cent of the trade between Europe and South America and just about the same percentage of the trade between Europe and East Africa.entrench [in'trent?] ( v．) establish securely 确保(地位等)going adj. Current; prevailing 现行的；流行的plusa favorable condition or factor 有利的情况或因素buoyancy ( n.) the property (as of price or business activity) of maintaining a satisfactory high level (物价)上涨的趋向；(生意)兴盛的趋向be out to attempt toinroad (usu．pl．) injurious intrusion on or into (通常为复数)损害，侵蚀something ofTo some extent 在某种程度上go forInformal To have a special liking for 爱好：对…特别喜欢, 努力获取Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, a British shipping company founded in 1837throw in the toweladmit that one is defeated承认失败，认输tactican expedient (权宜之计) for achieving a goal; a maneuver.战术：为达到一个目标所采取的一项应急措施；一种策略strategyscience and art of using all the forces of a nation to execute approved plans as effectively as possible during peace or war. 战略：在和平或战争时期尽可能有效地利用一国的全部力量去实施核准的计划的科学与艺术container shipa cargo vessel specially designed and built for the carriage of cargo prepacked in containers.UNCTAD ['?nkt?d]United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, set up in 1964. UNCTAD is concerned with the fundamental problems affecting the trade of developing countries. It has its headquarters in Geneva.联合国贸易及发展会议revenue ['revinju:]n. the entire amount of income before any deductions are made总收入; 财政收入, 税收ratify v. approve and express assent 批准, 认可linerAn ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one seaport to another along regular long-distance maritime routes according to a schedule.Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances:柏林墙EEC European Economic Community.p.237How can the Russians afford to undercut by up to 40 percent? Well, Soviet ships are not necessarily out to make a profit, in our sense of the word. The name of the game, for Russian ships, is hard currency. The Soviet Union is becoming more dependent on Western imports -- from grain to technology -- but the West will not accept roubles in payment. So Russia needs hard currencies, like the dollar, the mark or the yen, even sterling, to pay for its imports. It is these currencies Russian ships earn as cross-traders. It does not matter very much if they are operating at a loss; that can be made up by the Soviet government in roubles.But there is more to it than that for the Russians. The Soviet mercantile marine obviously acts as a support to the Soviet navy, very much as Western fleets used to do. But there are important differences. The Soviet merchant fleet, which has now been almost 20 years in growing, has developed the kinds of ships which would certainly expand the Soviet reach well beyond its perimeters. For example, much of the heavy equipment for theCubans and Angolans was brought in Soviet merchant ships. So this mercantile marine capability is certainly a great advance in the Soviet ability to project their power at some distance from their own frontiers.And this is also part of a general Soviet hydrographic policy to map the oceans of the world, to get to know the ports and, above all, to deepen contacts with the states with whom the Russians are developing close trading ties.How can Western ship owners react to undercutting of 40 per cent that would drive them out of business if they did the same?There is a limit, of course, to what any British government can do on its own. Shipping is an essentially international business, and Britain can only counter the challenges of the developing world and the Russians at an international level. But whom could we count on for support? The EEC is so divided about shipping that it is almost powerless to act. Take the challenge of the developing world. The French do not mind the UNCTAD code on liner shipping because it would help them to increase their share of the liner trade; the same is true for the Germans and the Belgians. So Britain cannot rely on concerted EEC action on that issue. As far as the Russians are concerned, Britain, along with West Germany and Denmark, has been calling for a coordinated response; the monitoring of Russian ship movements and restrictions on the number of Russian ships allowed to call at EEC ports. But, last June, the French, because of their Russian ties, blocked plans along these lines. It will be November before the question is considered again.British ship owners are so far happy with the strength of theBritish government attempts to force the EEC into action. They believe that the Trade Department, which looks after shipping, understands their problems. But they are far less sure about other government ministers, especially those in the powerful Industry Department, which oversees shipbuilding. Ship owners fear that saving jobs in Britain's ailing shipyards comes well before saving its merchant fleet.British shipyards are currently churning out 24 vessels for Poland. The Poles were lured to Britain by the gift of a￡28 million subsidy and the promise that British shipbuilders would raise all the credit; so while our shipping fleet is under attack from communist ships, our government is using British taxpayers' money to cut their shipbuilding costs. We are doing the same for developing countries' fleets. India is now a major Third World shipping power, yet Britain is to build six ships for the Indians -- for nothing.In the end, British companies could be driven out of shipping altogether. Some, such as P & O, have already moved into other fields, from house building to oil. Smaller shipping lines do not have the resources to diversify. They face extinction. And when they go, so does a huge slice of the few traditional industries worth keeping.(from The Listener, August, 1978)up to as many asname of the game n. Slang The essential or indispensablepart or quality necessary for success of an activity or the fulfillment of a goal 事情的要点：为了某项活动或事业的成功基本的或必需的部分或特性hard currency n. 硬通货（货币）rouble ( n.) the monetary of the Soviet Union卢布(苏联货币单位)sterling ( n.) British money英国货币mercantile ['m?:k?ntail] ( adj. ) of merchants or trade；commercial商人的；贸易的；商业的perimeter [p?'rimit?] ( n.) the outer boundary of a figure or area；circumference周边；周围hydrographic [.haidr?u'gr?fik] ( adj.) of the study，description，and mapping of oceans，lakes，and rivers 水文学的,水文地理学的on one’s ownadv. 独自地, 独立地, 主动地concerted [k?n's?:tid]Planned or accomplished together 共同计划或完成的We made a concerted effort to solve the problem.我们一起努力解决了这个问题coordinate v. bring into common action 协调, 整合; 使一致blockTo stop or impede the passage of or movement through; obstruct妨碍，阻止；阻碍DepartmentA principal administrative division of a government政府部门：政府主要的行政部门shipyardA yard where ships are built or repaired船坞,建造或修理船只的工场, 造船厂；修船厂ailing (adj.) in poor health；sickly患病的churn outproduce a large quantity of sth．; produce in quantity without quality 大量生产出；大量地粗制滥造subsidymonetary assistance granted by a government to a person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest. 补助金：政府给予个人或团体被看作是有益于公众的事业的津贴diversify v.To spread out activities or investments, especially in business. 多样化：尤指在商业中从事多种活动或投资NOTES1) Britannia Rues the Waves: This is a parody of Britain's proud boast, "Britannia Rules the Waves"."Rule, Britannia" is a famous naval song much sung and played in the British Navy from the date of its first performance in 1740 to the present day, and generally recognized today as the official march of the Royal Navy. It was written by James Thomson and set to music by Dr. Thomas Arne (1740). The song runs like this:When Britain first, at Heaven's command,Arose from out the azure main,This was the charter of her land,And guardian angels sang the strain:Rule, Britannia! Britannia, rules the waves!Britons never shall be slaves.The author means that today, instead of ruling the waves, Britain is sorry that it has lost its dominance on the high seas.2) Andrew Neil: writing on industrial and labour affairs for the ‘Economist'3) North Sea Oil: oil produced from the British sector of the Continental Shelf under the North Sea. Oil was first discovered under the bed of the North Sea in 1970 and production began in 1975.4) tax concessions: a right or privilege granted by the government to be tax exempt5) depression: a protracted period in which business activity is far below normal and the pessimism of business and consumers is great. It is characterized by a sharp curtailment of production, little capital investment, a contraction of credit, mass unemployment and low employment, and a very high rate of business failures.6) doldrums: the belt of calm which lies inside the trade winds of the northern and southern hemisphere. This area, which lies close to the equator except in the western Pacific where it is south of the equator, had great significance during those years when the trade of the world was carried by sailing ships. The term is also used to signify a state of depression or stagnation, an analogy of the general depression of the crews of ships lying motionless while in the areas of the doldrums, unable to find wind to fill their sails.7) dry cargo: commodities that are not liquids8) liner: a ship belonging to a shipping company whichcarries passengers on scheduled routes. A cargo liner is a cargo-carrying vessel with accommodation for a few passengers.9) P & O: Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, founded in 1840, world-wide passenger service10) container ship: a cargo vessel specially designed and built for the carriage of cargo prepacked in containers. With a standardized size of container, holding 18 tons of cargo, holds and deck spaces can be designed exactly to accommodate containers, leading to greater ease and efficiency in stowage and the eradication of much of the danger of the cargo shifting during heavy weather at sea.11) UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, set up as an organ of the UN General Assembly by a resolution of December 1964. UNCTAD is concerned with the fundamental problems affecting the trade of developing countries. It has its headquarters in Geneva.12) Iron Curtain: referring to the Soviet Union and the eastern European countries in the capitalist press, first used by Churchill in his speech at Fulton, Missouri, 5 March 1946: "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. "13) EEC: European Economic Community, established by treaty signed at Rome March 25, 1957, effective January 1, 1958. EEC headquarters are in Brussels and it comprises a Council of Ministers, an executive Commission, and the Assembly and Court of Justice词汇(Vocabulary)Britannia ( n.) :[poetic]Great Britain or the British Islands[诗]大不列颠；不列颠群岛rue ( v.) :repent of；regret having entered into：wish nonexistent懊悔；抱憾deficit ( n.) :the amount by which a sum of money is less than the required amount亏空，亏损；赤字peril ( n.) :exposure to harm or injury；danger；jeopardy (严重的)危险；冒险undercut (v．) :sell goods more cheaply or work for smaller wages than(sb．doing the same)；sell at lower prices or work at lower wages than比以别人低的价格出售(商品)；索价低于他人tonnage ( n.) :the total amount of shipping of a country or port，calculated in tons(一国或一港口的)船舶总吨数cartel ( n.) :an association of industrialists，business firms. etc．for establishing a national or international monopoly by price fixing，ownership of controlling stock，etc．[经]卡特尔dodgy ( adj.) :[BrE] risky and possibly dangerous[英]冒险的；危险的scramble ( n.) :rough struggle；a disorderly struggle or rush 争夺，抢夺quadruple ( v.) :make or become four times as much or as many；multiply by four(使)成四倍；以四乘plummet ( v.) :drop drastically垂直落下；骤然跌落estuary ( n.) :an inlet or arm of the sea；the wide mouth of a river where the tide meets the current(江河人海的)河口，港湾moth-ball ( n.) :①marble-sized balls of naphthalene. stored with clothes (esp．woolens)to repel moths；②the state of being stored，or kept in existence but not used①樟脑丸；卫生球②封存；保藏slump ( n.) :a decline in business activity，price，etc．(物价等)暴跌；(市场等)萧条doldrums ( n.) :low spirits；dull，gloomy，listless feeling情绪低落，意志消沉；忧闷，忧郁，忧愁pinch ( n.) :a painful，difficult，or straitened circumstance困苦的处境，贫困的境地entrench ( v．) :establish securely(used in passive voice or with a reflexive pronoun)确保(地位等)；确立(用于被动语态或与反身代词连用)inroad ( n.) :(usu．pl．)injurious intrusion on or into；influence of one party that undermines that of another(通常为复数)损害，侵蚀buoyancy ( n.) :the property(as of price or business activity)of maintaining a satisfactory high level(物价)上涨的趋向；(生意)兴盛的趋向rouble ( n.) :the monetary of the former Soviet Union卢布(前苏联货币单位)sterling ( n.) :British money英国货币mercantile ( adj. ) :of or characteristic of merchants or trade；commercial商人的；贸易的；商业的perimeter ( n.) :the outer boundary of a figure or area；circumference周；周边；周围hydrographic ( adj.) :of the study，description，and mapping of oceans，lakes，and rivers，esp. with reference to their navigational and commercial uses水文学的；水文测验学的；水文地理学的(尤指水道测量学)ailing (adj.) :in poor health；sickly患病的；病痛的churn ( adj.) :(used in churn out)produce a large quantity of sth．; produce in quantity without quality；produce in a regular flow without much thought or expression，usu．with some abundance(用于churn out) 大量生产出；大量地粗制滥造；大量写出短语 (Expressions)be bent on(doing)sth．: be determined on(a coupe of action)决心采取(某行动)例： He is bent on winning at all costs．他决心不惜一切去争取胜利。
自考0794综合英语（一）课程讲义全上册Lesson13
Lesson Thirteen Hobbyist打印本页一、词汇hobby n. （业余）爱好，嗜好（不包括阅读等）hobbyist n. 有某种癖好者rumor n. 传闻，传言，谣言absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地druggist n. 药商，药剂师drugstore n. 药房completely adv. 完全地，彻底地undetectable adj. 觉察不到的，发现不了的detect v. 侦察，觉察detectable adj. 觉察到的反义词：undetectabledetective n. 私人侦探poison n. 毒药，毒物poisonous adj. 有毒的doorway n. 门口break n. 休息时间ring v. 充满be ringed with 被…….装满coffee-pot n. 咖啡壶motion v. 用动作或手势示意motion sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事upraise v. 抬起，抬高convince v. 使信服，说服；使确信deserve v. 值得，应得shrug v. 耸肩briefly adv. 简短地freely adv. 免费地case n. 事例，实例murderer n. 凶手，杀人犯murder v. 杀人antidote n. 解毒药，解毒剂possibility n. 可能性double-cross n. 欺骗行为，出卖行为blackmail n. 敲诈，勒索pistol n. 手枪chuckle n. 低声地笑，自笑deadly adj. 致命的bluff v. 虚张声势，吓唬人growl v. 咆哮，发火reasonable adj. 合理的，有理由的wallet n. 钱包confession n. 自白，供认，承认intension n. 目的，意图，打算intend to do sth. 打算做某事former adj. 以前的formal 正式的evidence n. 证据二、课文分析" I heard a rumor," Sangstrom said, " that you－" He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore. The druggist was a little man who could have been any age from fifty to a hundred. They were alone, but Sangstrom dropped his voice just the same. "－that you have a completely undetectable poison."1."I heard a rumor,"Sangstrom said,"that you－"He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore.look about 四处看alone: 只有一人，但不一定感到寂寞lonely adj. 孤独的翻译：“我听到一个谣言，说你--”他转过头向四周看了看，来绝对确认这个小药房里只有他和这位药剂师。
高级英语(第三版)第二册第十三课 The Mansion A Subprime Parable
when it burst….
Excessive use of credit and debt leverage
Theme of the Text
• This story focuses on the real cause of the Subprime Mortgage Crisis in America. Contrary to general views, the author believes the crisis was triggered by a deep cultural predisposition (倾向) that leads to the Americans’ fascination with bigger and bigger houses which tend to label the big property owners successful. Therefore, instead of placing blame on Wall Street firms, he concludes the American people themselves are the culprits behind the economic crisis.
United States.
Michael Lewis
A best-selling author, Lewis has been widely praised by critics
• Michael Monroe Lewis ( 1960—) is an American nonfiction author and financial journalist.
Negative Effects on Economy
高英 Unit 13 Language Work
1) We all understand the gist 要义of Neil Postman's argument after studying the essay.2) The U.S. government made a very feeble excuse for conducting the experiments with the hydrogen bomb in South Pacific.3) Neil Postman did not write the essay "Euphemism" on the spur of the moment.4) The U.S. government finally insisted on conducting the experiments with the hydrogen bomb in the South Pacific. 5) My brother is a staunch 忠实可靠的supporter of the newly-organized football team.6) The mayor elect was heckled质问by news reporters at the press conference when he announced his programme for the development of the city.7) When the employees began to judge their fellow colleagues according to a different frame of reference, they found Mr. Tennyson detestable可憎的as he curried favor with the news boss.8) When people give pretty names to ugly things, it is sometimes difficult for us to tell whether they are deceitful 欺诈的or telling the truth.9) Do you have a euphemistic term for a disorderly room with a jumble杂乱of clothes all over the floor?10) To the first-graders, hardly a day goes by without learning something new about the astoundingcreator---nature.11) It was annoying to see the shop-assistant shrugging her shoulders indifferently when complaints were made.12) Certain conditions were set out in the agreement; for instance, the name tuna fish should be used in place of horse mackerel.13) I must concede承认that I only know a sprinkling少量of English so your translation may well be better than mine.14) At first sight, euphemisms are useful in avoiding using some unmentionables in daily conversation, but there are dangers if they are used indiscriminately.广泛地15) Minnie was constantly (pulled up)使停下for her misuse of euphemisms and lack of attention to her work.16) Please fill the questionnaire and return it to market enquiry调查because they want to know the effects of their advertising as soon as possible.。
自考00600《高级英语》背熟重点
Lesson 1: Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship? When Mick Jagger’s fans look at him as a high priest or a god, are you with them or against them? Do you share Chris Singer’s almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan? Do you think he – or Dylan – is misguided? Do you reject Alice Cooper as sick? Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown, perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies?Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young PeopleThe trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale. Our planet, unfortunately, is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscaped; except for the polar regions, the frontiers are gone. A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life – but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way.Lesson 4: Die as You ChooseIn January the Journal of the American Medical Association published a bizarre letter, in which an anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request. This started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn, when Californians may vote on a proposed law legalizing euthanasia. The letter was probably written for polemical impact. It is scarcely credible. It’s author claims that he met the cancer patient for the first time, heard five words from her – “Let’s get this over with” – then killer her. Even the most extreme proponents of euthanasia do not support such an action in those circumstances.Lesson 5: I’d Rather Be Black than FemaleIt is still women – about three million volunteers – who do most of this work in the American political world. The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman, a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card-party organizing. I n such a job, she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions, where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.Lesson 6: A Good Chancethe back door which hung open, we saw people standing in the kitchen. I asked carefully, “What’s wrong?”Nobody spoke but Elgie came over, his bloodshot eyes filled with sorrow and misery. He stood in front of us for a moment and then gestured us to go into the living room. The room was filled with people sitting in silence, and finally Elgie said, quietly, “They shot him.”Lesson 7: Miss BrillAlthough it was so brilliantly fine – the blue sky powdered with gold and the great spots of light like white wine splashed over the Jardins Publiques – Miss Brill was glad that she had decided on her fur. The air was motionless, but when you opened your mouth there was just a faint chill, like a chill from a glass of iced water before you sip, and now and again a leaf came drifting – from nowhere, from they sky. Miss Brill put up her hand and touched her fur. Dear little thing! I t was nice to feel it again. She had taken it out of its box tat afternoon, shaken out the moth-powder, given it a good brush, and rubbed the life back into the dim little eyes. “What has been happening to me?” said the sad little eyes. Oh, how sweet it was to see them snap at her again from the red eiderdown! …But the nose, which was of some black composition, wasn’t at all firm. It must have had a knock, somehow. Never mind – a little dab of black sealing-wax when the time came – when it was absolutely necessary. … Little rogue! Yes, she really felt like that about it. Little rogue biting its tail just by her left ear. She could have taken it off and laid it on her lap and stroked it. She felt a tingling in her hands and arms. But that came from walking, she supposed. And when she breathed, something light and sad – no, not sad, exactly – something gentle seemed to move in her bosom.Lesson 8: A Lesson in Living"It was the best of times and the worst of times. . ." Her voice slid in and curved down through and over the words. She was nearly singing. I wanted to look at the pages. Were they the same that I had read? Or were there notes, music, lined on the pages, as in a hymn book? Her sounds began cascading gently. I knew from listening; to a thousand preachers that she was nearing the end of her reading, and I hadn't really heard, heard to understand, a single word.I have tried often to search behind the sophistication of years for the enchantment I so easilyI said aloud, "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done…" tears of love filled my eyes at my selflessness.Lesson 9: The Trouble with TelevisionEverything about this nation—the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world— has become more complex, not less. Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste.When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself wholesale to a medium for selling?Lesson 11: On Getting Off to SleepWhat a bundle of contradictions is a man! Surety, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation. With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep. If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is. I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all. Even then, I proceed half-heartedly, in a kind of dream. But let me be between the sheets at a late hour, and I can do anything but sleep. Between chime and chime of the clock I can write essays by the score. Fascinating subjects and noble ideas come pell-mell, each with its appropriate imagery and expression. Nothing stands between me and half-a-dozen imperishable masterpieces but pens, ink, and paper.Lesson 12: Why I Writeof good prose or the rhythm of a good story. Desire to share an experience whichvaluable and ought not to be missed…Lesson 14: I Would Like to Tell You SomethingThe investigation was not staged so that veterans could spill out their hearts or purge their souls; it was done to prove that the policy of the United States in Indochina is tantamount to genocide, and that not only the soldiers are responsible for what is happening, but that everyone here in America who has allowed the brutalization and de-personalization to go on is responsible. It was done also to show that you don't start making things right by prosecuting William Galley, no matter how guilty he may be; you also prosecute the men who encouraged the situation. It was done to show that there is not just one Mylai but countless Mylais and they are continuing every single day. There was an almost total press blackout on the testimony of those veterans.Lesson 15: The Beauty IndustryWomen, it is obvious, are freer than in the past. Freer not only to perform the generally unenviable social functions hitherto reserved to the male, but also freer to exercise the more pleasing, feminine privilege of being attractive. They have the right, if not to be less virtuous than their grandmothers, at any rate to look less virtuous. The British Matron, not long since a creature of austere and even terrifying aspect, now does her best to achieve and perennially preserve the appearance of what her predecessor would have described as a Lost Woman. She often succeeds. But we are not shocked—at any rate, not morally shocked. Aesthetically shocked—yes; we may sometimes be that. But morally, no. We concede that the Matron is morally justified in being preoccupied with her personal appearance. This concession depends on another of a more general nature—a concession to the Body, with a large B, to the Manichaean principle of evil. For we have now come to admit that the body has its rights. And not only rights—duties, actually duties. It has, for example, a duty to do the best it can for itself in the way of strength and beauty. Christian-ascetic ideas no longer trouble us. We demand justice for the body as well as for the soul. Hence, among other things, the fortunes made by face-cream manufacturers and beauty-specialists, by the vendors of rubber reducing belts and massage machines, by the patentees of hair-lotions and the authors of books on the culture of the abdomen.下册Lesson One The Company in Which I workOn days when I ‘m especially melancholy , I began constructing tables of organization….classifying people in the company on the basis of envy , hope , fear , ambition , frustration, rivalry , hatred , or disappointment . I call these charts my Happiness Charts . These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits ----but only for a while . I rank pretty high when the company is analyzed this way , because I ‘m not envious or disappointed , and I have no expectations . At the very top , of course , are those people , mostly young and without dependents , to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work , and who regard their present association with it as something temporary . I put these people at the top because if you asked any one of them if he would choose to spend the rest of his life working for the company , he would give you a resounding No ! , regardless of what inducements were offered . I was that high once . if you asked me that same question today, I would also give you a resounding No ! and add:Lesson Two EvelineBut in her new home , in a distant unknown country , it would not be like that . Then she would be married ---she , Eveline . People would treat her with respect then . She would not be treated as her mother had been . Even now , though she was over nineteen , she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father’s violence . She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations . When they were growing up he had never gone for her , like he used to go for Harry and Ernest , because she was a girl ; but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother’s sake . And now she had nobody to protect her , Ernest was dead and Harry ,who was in the church decorating business , was nearly always down somewhere in the country . Besides , the invariable squabble for money on Saturday nights had begun to weary her unspeakably . She always gave her entire wages ----seven shillings ----and Harry always sent up what he could , but the trouble was to get any money from her father . He said she used to squander the money , that she had no head , that he wasn’t going to give her his hard-earned money to throw about the streets ,elbowed her way through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions . She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly . It was hard work ----a hard life ----but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life .She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall .He held her hand and she knew that he was speaking to her , saying something about the passage over and over again . The station was full of soldiers with brown baggages . Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat , lying in beside the quay wall , with illumined portholes . She answered nothing . She felt her cheek pale and cold and , out of a maze of distress , she prayed to God to direct her , to show her what was her duty . The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist . If she went , tomorrow she would be on the sea with Frank , steaming towards Buenos Ayres . Their passage had been booked . Could she still draw back after all he had done for her ? Her distress awoke a nausea in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer .Lesson Three What’s Wrong With Our Press ?The fact is that although network television still allots too little time to the vital service of informing the public , it does a better job in that little time than the nation’s press as a whole . And when I speak of the nation’s press as a whole , I am not speaking of the five or six splendid newspapers ----and the one great newspaper -----which serve the world as models of responsible public information . I am speaking of the local press which in hundreds of American communities is the only news available , aside from those recitals of ticker tape that pass for radio news .Fortunately for the American public , television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact , the kind of partisan virulence and personal peeve , that many newspapers not only welcome but encourage . In its entertainment , television caters far too much to the lowest instincts of man , particularly the lust for violence . But there is one appetite it does not feed and which the partisan newspapers of the nation do : the appetite for hate ---hate of whatever is different . I do not find on televison the kind of editorials chronic in the New York tabloids as well as in many local papers across the country .that elevates news above dogfood . it is easier to write editorial copy that appeal to emotion rather than reason .Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in AmericaWhat can we possibly conclude from these discrepant points of view ? Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and stark terror . We base our feelings on primitive fears , prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight . In reality , the way one experiences old age is contingent upon physical health , personality , earlier-life experiences , the actual circumstances of late –life events ( in what order they occur , how they occur , when they occur ) and the social supports one receives : adequate finances , shelter, medical care , social roles , religious support , recreation . All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life .Lesson Seven Ace in the HoleNo sooner did his car touch the boulevard heading home than Ace flicked on the radio . He needed the radio , especially today . In the seconds before the tubes warmed up , he said aloud , doing it just to hear a human voice , “ Jesus . She ‘ll pop her lid . “ His voice , though familiar , irked him ; it sounded thin and scratchy . In a deeper register Ace added , “ She’ll murder me . “ Then the radio came on , warm and strong , so he stopped worrying . The five Kings were doing “ Blueberry Hill “ ; to hear them made Ace feel so sure inside that from the pack pinched between the car roof and the sun shield he plucked a cigarette , hung it on his lower lip , snapped a match across the rusty place on the dash . He rolled down the window and snapped the match so it spun end-over-end into the gutter . “ Two points , “ he said , and cocked the cigarette toward the roof of the car , sucked powerfully , and exhaled two plumes through his nostrils . He was beginning to feel like himself , Ace Anderson , for the first time that whole day , a bad day . He beat time on the accelerator . The car jerked crazily .The run must have tuned Bonnie up . When they got back home , as soon as he lowered her into the crib , she began to shout and wave her arms . He didn’t want to play with her . He tossed some blocks and rattle into the crib an walked into the bathroom , where he turned on the hot water andwent bald first . He remembered reading somewhere , though , that baldness shows virility .Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My SupperEconomics entered . It is possible to turn out in quantity a bland , impersonal , practically imperishable substance more or less resembling , say cheese ---at lower cost than cheese . Chain groceries shut out the independent stores and “ standardization “ became a principal means of cutting cost .Lesson Ten How Market Leaders Keep Their EdgeThe third value discipline we have named customer intimacy . Its adherents focus on delivering not what the market wants but what specific customers want . Customer-intimate companies do not pursue one-time transactions ; they cultivate relationships . They specialize in satisfying unique needs , which often only they recognize , through a close relationship with ---and intimate knowledge of ----the customer . Their proposition to the customer: We have the best solution for you , and we provide all the support you need to achieve optimum results , or value , or both , from whatever products you buy . Long distance telephone carrier Cable& Wireless , , for example , practices customer intimacy with a vengeance , achieving success in a highly competitive market by consistently going the extra mile for its selectively chosen , small-business customers .Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and PoliticsBut great as is the influence of the motives we have been considering , there is one which outweighs them all... Power, like vanity, is insatiable. Nothing short of omnipotence could satisfy it completely. And as it is especially the vice of energetic men, the casual efficacy of love of power is out of all proportion to its frequency. It is, indeed, by far the strongest motive in the lives of important men. Love of power is greatly increased by the experience of power, and this applies to petty power as well as to that of potentates. In the happy days before 1914,when well-to-do ladies could acquire a host of servants, their pleasure in exercising power over the domestics steadily increased with age. Similarly, in any autocratic regime, the holders of power become increasingly tyrannical with experience of the delights that power can afford. Since power over human beings is shown inconsent. If you require a building permit, the petty official concerned will obviously get more pleasure from saying "No" than from saying "Yes". It is this sort of thing which makes the love of power such a dangerous motive . But it has other sides which are more desirable . The pursuit of knowledge is, I think, mainly actuated by love of power. And so are all advances in scientific technique. In politics, also, a reformer may have just as strong a love of power as a despot . It would be a complete mistake to decry love of power altogether as a motive. Whether you will be led by this motive to actions which are useful, or to actions which are pernicious, depends upon the social system, and upon your capacities.Lesson Twelve The Everlasting WitnessThe three were eating breakfast on the terrace, a thousand and one felicitous birds in the garden trees. In unsullied damp brown circles of soft earth the roses bloomed serenely against the pink Mexican wall. Marian's brother-in-law read the English page, as dedicated as a nice little boy reading the funnies, and Theresa, Marian's sister, chatted softly and merrily about their next week-end holiday. Theresa's bright smile had always been her mark and now, childless and with a husband beyond war age, and a life both ordered and gay, it looked as if that smile had justified itself.Lesson Thirteen Selected SnobberiesAll men are snobs about something. One is almost tempted to add : There is nothing about which men cannot feel snobbish. But this would doubtless be an exaggeration. There are certain disfiguring and mortal diseases about which there has probably never been any snobbery. I cannot imagine, for exam4ple, that there are any leprosy-snobs. More picturesque diseases, even when they are dangerous, and less dangerous diseases, particularly when they are the diseases of the rich, can be and very frequently are a source of snobbish self-importance. I have met several adolescent consumption-snobs , who thought that it would be romantic to fade away in the flower of youth , like Keats or Marie Bashkirtseff. Alas, the final stages of the consumptive fading are generally a good deal less romantic than these ingenuous young tubercle-snobs seem to imagine . To anyone who has actually witnessed these final stages, the complacent poeticizings of these adolescents must seem as exasperating as they are profoundly pathetic. In the case ofexasperation is not tempered by very much sympathy. People who possesssufficient wealth, not to mention sufficient health, to go travelling from spa to spa. from doctor to fashionable doctor, in search of cures from problematical diseases (which, in so far as they exist at all. probably have their source in overeating) cannot expect us to be .very lavish in our solicitude and pity.lesson fourteen Saturday Night and Sunday MorningHe sat by the canal fishing on a Sunday morning in spring, at an elbow where alders dipped over the water like old men on their last legs, pushed by young sturdy oaks from behind. He straightened his back, his fingers freeing nylon line from a speedily revolving reel. Around him lay knapsack and jacket, an empty catch-net, his bicycle, and two tins of worms dug from the plot of garden at home before setting out. Sun was breaking through clouds, releasing a smell of earth to heaven. Birds sang. A soundless and minuscular explosion of water caught his eye. He moved nearer the edge, stood up, and with a vigorous sweep of his arm, cast out the line.Lesson Fifteen Is America Falling Apart?During my year's stay in New Jersey I let my appetite flower into full Americanism except for one thing. I did not possess an automobile. This self-elected deprivation was a way into the nastier side of the consumer society. Where private ownership prevails, public amenities decay or are prevented from coming into being. The rundown rail services of America are something I try, vainly, to forget. The nightmare of filth, outside and in, that enfolds the trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be accepted in backward Europe. But far worse is the nightmare of travel in and around Los Angeles, where public transport does not exist and people are literally choking to death in their exhaust fumes . This is part of the price of individual ownership.Lesson sixteen Through the TunnelAs for Jerry, once he saw that his mother had gained her beach , he began the steep descent to the bay . From where he was, high up among red-brown rocks, it was a scoop of moving bluish green fringed with white. As he went lower, he saw that it spread among small promontories and inlets of rough, sharp rock, and the crisping, lapping surface showed stains of purple and darkerblue.。
自考高级英语上册
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No casting up the balance of the day’s pleasure and pain.
• Cast up: 计算，把…加起来 • Not able to calculate whether you have more pleasure than pain or have more pain than pleasure in
• Dark：with no or very little light黑暗的 • It’s getting too dark to take photographs.
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proceed
• If you proceed to do something, you do it, often after doing something else first. (做完某事之后) 接着 (做 另一事)
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be given to 癖好的；喜爱的；习惯的
• She is a young girl given to tears. • 她是一个爱哭的女孩。 • He's given to taking long walks. • 他非常喜欢长途散步。
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Like: (sing.) (n.) 相似的人或事务
自考高级英语上册
Contradiction, contrariness
• Contradiction:u. 矛盾，对立 c.对立的事物 • --I found no contradiction between his publicly expressed ideas and his private actions. • --His private actions are in contradiction to/with his publicly expressed ideas. • --A round square is a contradiction in terms用词矛盾. • Contrariness (u.) (contrary) 相反，对立面， • --Hot and cold are contrariness.
00600高级英语中英翻译a13work
工作Lesson Thirteen Work究竟工作是幸福还是痛苦的源泉，这可能是一个难以回答的问题。
Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question.毫无疑问有许多工作是非常令人厌烦的，而且过多的工作总是十分痛苦的事。
There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful.然而我认为，只要不过量，对多数人来说即使是最枯燥的工作也比终日无所事事要好些。
I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness.工作给人的愉快的程度多种多样，从仅仅是消烦解闷到产生巨大的快乐，这会随工作的性质和工作者的能力而异。
There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker.大多数人不得不从事的工作本身大都无乐趣可言，但即使是这样的工作也有一些很大的好处。
Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages.首先，工作可将一天的许多时间占满，人们不必再费神来决定应干些什么，大多数人在可以自由地按自己的愿望打发时间时，常常会不知所措，想不起有什么令人愉快的事值得去做。
《高级英语1(第3版) 》第一册第十三课
Lesson 13No Signposts in the SeaV. Sackville-WestB ACKGROUND K NOWLEDGEV. S ACKVILLE-W ESTN O S IGNPOSTS IN THE S EAS TREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESSA NALOGYSackville-West (1892-1962)•Her family background•Her marriage•Her worksSackville-West (1892-1962)•English poet and novelist•Born into an old aristocraticfamily---Knole Castle•Only child of the family•originally a gift from QueenElizabeth I to her forebearThomas Sackville•awarded the Hawthorndenprize in 1927 and in1933.•In 1946 Sackville-West wasmade a Companion of Honor(名誉勋爵士) for her servicesto literature.•died of cancer on June 2, 1962.Bloomsbury Group•an informal group•from mostly upper\middle-classprofessional families•Virginia Woolf, JohnMaynard Keynes, E. M.Forster•literature, aesthetics,criticism, andeconomics as well asmodern attitudestowards feminism,pacifism, and sexuality.Bloomsbury Group•Almost everything aboutBloomsbury appears to becontroversial•reacted against the socialrituals•believed in pleasure...Theytried to get the maximum ofpleasure out of theirpersonal relations•one's prime objects in lifewere love, the creation andenjoyment of aestheticexperience and the pursuitof knowledge'•Same-sex relations are commonamong the Bloomsbury GroupHer marriage•In 1913, married todiplomat and critic HaroldNicolson (1886-1968)•After their marriage, theytraveled widely when hewas in foreign office.•Her passionate affairs withwomen like novelist VirginiaWoolf , etc. (Bisexuality)•The marriage endureddespite their homosexualaffairs•They had two children, theart critic Benedict Nicholsonand the publisher NigelNicholson.Her works•A prolific writer, Victoria Sackville-West authored 15 novels, as well as biographies and travel booksPoems•The Land (1926)helped her to gain theinitial recognition in thefield of literary works, through which she wasawarded HawthorndonPrize and was praised asone of the mostbeautiful bucolics (田园诗) in English literature.Novelsbest remembered for her novels•The Edwardians (1930)•All Passion Spent (1931) •Family History (1932)bestsellers•PEPITA (1937)depicted theBoth were bestsellers and portrayed English upper-class manners and life story of her grandmother, a Spanish dancer.No Signposts in the seaAbout the novel •The 144-page novel•in the form of journal,narrated by EdmundCarr, 50, a well-knownpolitical columnistand a bachelor.•about the secret loveof a man destinedshortly to die•published in the yearbefore the author'sdeath and is her lastnovel.Edmund Carr•Edmund Carr, a political journalist, who is told that he only has a few months to live• a solitary man• a self made man•has never married•almost impersonal affairs with women who were never allowed to get too closeSecret Love•in love with Laura Drysdale, a widow in her late 30s•move in the same social circles but have never been close•a Pacific cruise-----to spend his last months on the same cruise, as close to Laura as possible •Not reveal his illness or lovecruise•spend time together on the ship & on various excursions at the ports they visit.•discuss their different ideas of marriage •intensely jealous of another passenger, Colonel •Edmund & Laura go to a native market & are nearly caught up in a riot.•The highlight of the trip is their overnight stay in a villa loaned to them by a stranger they meet in a port city•Edmund’s thoughts & feelings swing from intense happiness & contentment in his love for Laura & equally intense misery & jealousy.•Inspired by the vista of the sea and also Laura, Edmund rethinks his life and contemplates the value of lifeBackground for the novel•Sackville-West’s illness•Her love cruise ----spent several months every year with her husband, Harold Nicolson, cruising the Mediterranean, the Pacific or the West Indies.•The cruise in the novel is based on the one Sackville-West took in 1959 to India, Ceylon, Singapore, Manila, Saigon & Yokohama .Background for the novel•the book as an expression of Vita’s opinions & thoughts about love, marriage & relationships.•Vita & Harold’s open marriage•Through Edmund & Laura, Vita described her idea of an ideal relationship•Mutual respect, independence, separate bedrooms & the same sense of values.•Fidelity is important but it’s more important to avoid hurting the other person.•Anyone who knows about Vita’s life & her own marriage can see that these are very close to her own views.Theme•a meditation on life, love, what motivates human beings•contains real insight into the ideas of nature vs progress, the limitations of materialism•the value of life•The power of nature’s beauty to influence or change a person's perspectives or valuesQuestion on the text for discussion andreflection:• 1. Suppose one has been informed that one’s days in the world are numbered, what do you think one may choose to do as the best option?• 2. What does life / life value(s) mean to you?• 3. What’s your perception of Happiness?Topics for discussion and reflection•What is the general function of a “signpost”?•What is the special feature of a sea?•What can you predict about the implication of the title of the text?•Signpost: A post supporting a sign that has information or directions•Sea: vast, no boundary, darkness, hopeless •Idiom: at sea•1) On the sea, especially on a sea voyage; •2) In a state of confusion or perplexity (困惑); at a loss; confused:•I'm all/completely at sea with the new coins.•No signpost in the sea: no hope in the sea of love; confused in lifeStream of consciousness•The stream-of-consciousness novel commonly uses the narrative techniques of interior monologue where novelists describe theunspoken thoughts and feelings of their characters withoutresorting to objective description or conventional dialogue.•Probably the most famous example is James Joyce's Ulysses (1922),a complex evocation of the inner states of the characters Leopoldand Molly Bloom and Stephen Daedalus. Other notable examples include Leutnant Gustl (1901) by Arthur Schnitzler, an early use of stream of consciousness to re-create the atmosphere of pre-World War I Vienna; and William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury(1929), which records the fragmentary and impressionistic responses in the minds of three members of the Compson family to events that are immediately being experienced or events that are beingremembered.•Narrative technique in non-dramatic fiction intended to render the flow of myriad impressions—visual, auditory, physical, associative, and subliminal—that impinge on the consciousness of an individual and form part of his awareness along with the trend of his rational thoughts. The term was first used by the psychologist William James in The Principles of Psychology(1890).•As the psychological novel developed in the 20th century, some writers attempted to capture the total flow of their characters' consciousness, rather than limit themselves to rational thoughts.To represent the full richness, speed, and subtlety of the mind at work, the writer incorporates snatches of incoherent thought, ungrammatical constructions, and free association of ideas,images, and words at the pre-speech level.I MPORTANT L ANGUAGE P OINTSPara. 1Saloon•saloon vs salon•Saloon: a large comfortable room where passengers on a ship can sit and relax; pub •Salon:•barbershop; a beauty salon• a fashion salona literary / art salonWay off•(an American expression meaning) far from where you are.•I heard the bells from way off.•Way off in the distance I could see the famous towers of the Manhattan skyline.•So she sat some way off, weeping bitterly.•Some way off: at a distance•A long way of: in the distancehave an eye for•have an eye for something: be good at noticing it or making judgments about it; to have a keen appreciation of; to be good at noticing what is valuable or attractive:•v.很能鉴赏, 很能看出,有判断力她很有审美能力。
自考英语专业高级英语教案 上册
自考英语专业高级英语教案上册第一章：课程介绍与目标1.1 课程背景高级英语课程旨在帮助学生进一步巩固和提高英语基本技能，拓宽知识面，培养学生的英语综合运用能力，为英语专业高年级阶段的学习打下坚实基础。
1.2 教学目标1. 掌握较高的英语听、说、读、写、译技能；2. 熟悉英语语法、词汇、发音、听力技巧和阅读策略；3. 提高英语表达能力，能流利地进行英语口语交流和写作；4. 增强跨文化交际意识，了解英语国家的文化背景；5. 培养自主学习能力和合作精神。
第二章：教学内容2.1 教材《高级英语教程》上册2.2 教学大纲本课程的教学大纲共分为八个单元，每个单元包括：1. 精读课文：阅读并分析具有代表性的英语文章，提高学生的阅读理解能力；2. 语法讲解与练习：巩固和提高英语语法知识；3. 听力训练：提高学生的英语听力水平；4. 口语讨论：培养学生的英语口语表达能力；5. 写作指导与练习：提升学生的英语写作能力；6. 翻译实践：加强学生的英汉互译能力。
第三章：教学方法与策略3.1 教学方法采用讲授、讨论、实践等教学方法，以学生为中心，注重师生互动。
3.2 教学策略1. 任务型教学：通过完成各种实际任务，提高学生的英语应用能力；2. 交际式教学：鼓励学生积极参与课堂讨论，培养学生的交际能力；3. 自主学习：引导学生自主探究，提高自主学习能力；4. 形成性评价：注重过程评价，鼓励学生不断进步。
第四章：教学评价4.1 评价方式采用形成性评价和终结性评价相结合的方式，全面评估学生的学习成果。
4.2 评价内容1. 课堂参与度：考察学生在课堂上的发言和讨论情况；2. 作业完成情况：评估学生的课后作业质量和进步；3. 听说能力：通过课堂讨论、角色扮演等活动评估学生的听说能力；4. 写作与翻译能力：通过作文、翻译练习评估学生的写作与翻译水平。
第五章：教学计划5.1 第一单元：课程介绍与适应1. 熟悉课程安排和教学要求；2. 分析教材，了解单元内容；3. 进行英语水平测试，了解学生基础。
高级英语Lesson13.ppt
Bulk carrier 驳船/散装货轮
• 1. 散货船 • bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首...bulk carrier 散货船 ...bulk oil carrier 散装油轮 - 相关搜索 • 2. 散装货轮 • built-up area 已建区...bulk carrier 散装货轮...bund 堤 - 相关搜索 • 3. 散装运送业 • 179 broker 经纪人...180 bulk carrier 散装运送业...181 bulk container 散装集装箱 - 相关搜索 • 4. 散装货船 • bulk carrier 散货船...bulk carrier 散装货船...bulk cement barge 散装水泥驳
• In OOP supported languages, containership means an object is created within another /wiki/Container_ship_(computer_scienc e) • Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. /wiki/Container_ship
Container ship 集装箱货轮
Container ship 集装箱货轮
• • • • • • • • • •
Container ship 集装箱货轮
Oil tanker 油轮
Bulk carrier 驳船/散装货轮
• • • • • • • • • • Bulk carrier 驳船/散装货轮 机器翻译参考：散货船 网络例句 以下结果来自互联网 We can manage some bulk carrier within two weeks. 我们可 在两周内安排一些散装船去。 There may is fair chance if you will not rule out the use of bulk carrier. 如您不排除使用散装船的话，也许有不少机会。 a bulk buy; bulk mailing. 大批购买；大批邮寄。 carrier telephone communication equipment 载波电话通信设 备 liquefied gas carrier transportation 液化气船运输
高级英语下lesson 13
at any rate : in any event ; in any case 不管怎样。 如：I will leave him alone at any rate.
apt :likely , having a tendency 常会，容易（有某种倾向）。 如：A careless person is apt to make
maximum :
(being) the highest amount, value, or degree
that can be reached 最大限度。 如: My maximum is 240. He smokes a maximum of 30 cigarettes a day. My salary is not at its maximum yet. 我的工资还未到最高水平。 It requires your maximum effort.
Lesson 13 work
exceeding extraordinary or exceptional exceedingly :extremely 极其。 irksome irk : to annoy , esp . in a provoking or tedious way 令人讨厌。 如: It irks me to do such tedious work.
drudgery :
苦工 drudge :a person who does menial, dull or
hard work. 勤苦地做单调乏味的苦工的人。
sensation(s) :
widespread excitement or interest. 轰动。
first and foremost:
自考高级英语上册Lesson 13 work
• maximize :最大化。 • 如: maximize one‟s potential / profits 最大 限度发挥潜力/获得利益。 • 反义词: minimum 最少。 • 如：It requires a minimum of five day„s work. • a minimum of temperature / wage / height 最低气温/工资/身高。 • minimize the consequences / the risks. / the formalities • 将后果/风险/手续减到最少。
Call for sth
• Require, demand or need sth.要求，需要 • The situation there calls for immediate action.那里的形势需要立即采取行动。 • The modern society calls for those who knows English and computer very well.现 代社会要求人们熟练掌握英语和计算机。
irksome
• tending to irk • 令人厌倦的，厌烦的。 • －some . 加在名词、动词或形容词上构成 形容词。 • 另如: lonesome 孤独的，冷落的; quarrelsome 爱吵架的; troublesome 麻烦 的; wearisome 使人疲劳的，令人厌烦的。
outwit
• Win or defeat by being cleverer or more cunning than sb以智胜过 • Two prisoners outwitted their guards and got away.有两个囚犯设计欺骗了警卫逃走。 • The store outwitted the robbers by putting phony jewels in the display case.商店把假 珠宝放在陈列盒里骗过了盗贼。
自学考试高级英语上下册全套逐句翻译
高级英语上册课文逐句翻译Lesson One Rock Superstars关于我们和我们的社会，他们告诉了我们些什么？What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?摇滚乐是青少年叛逆的音乐。
——摇滚乐评论家约相?罗克韦尔Rock is the music of teenage rebellion.--- John Rockwell, rock music critic知其崇拜何人便可知其人。
——小说家罗伯特?佩恩?沃伦By a man’s heroes ye shall know him.--- Robert Penn Warren, novelist1972年6月的一天，芝加哥圆形剧场挤满了大汗淋漓、疯狂摇摆的人们。
It was mid-June, 1972, the Chicago Amphitheater was packed, sweltering, rocking.滚石摇滚乐队的迈克?贾格尔正在台上演唱“午夜漫步人”。
Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was singing “Midnight Rambler.”演唱结束时评论家唐?赫克曼在现场。
Critic Don Heckman was there when the song ended.他描述道：“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑的水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水洒向前几排汗流浃背的听众。
听众们蜂拥般跟随着他跑，急切地希望能沾上几滴洗礼的圣水。
“Jagger,” he said, “grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners. They surge to follow him, eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops”.1973年12月下旬的一天，约1.4万名歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场尖叫着，乱哄哄地拥向台前。
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Kill, spend
• Kill time: find ways of passing the time without being bored消遣，消磨时 光
• The train was very late, so we killed by playing cards.火车太慢，所以我们打 牌消磨时间。
freedom.
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Desirable, desirous
• Desirable: to be desired, worth having, satisfactory想要的，值得有的， 不错的
• There are several desirable houses in this street.这条街有几栋不错的房子。
• We are at a loss to understand his motive.
• 我们对于他的动机一点也不能理解。
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exerise
• Make use of 应用，运用 • I’m exerising my right to ask for
the receipt.我在行使索要发票的权利。 • China resumed exerising its
• He had had a varied training, and had held many offices. 他受过各种训练，担 任过许多工作。
• Variable: varying, changeable变化的， 可变的
• The weather is extremely variable here.这里的天气变化无常。
Lesson 13 work
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exceeding
• extraordinary or exceptional exceedingly :extremely 极其。
• irksome
• irk : to annoy , esp . in a pronty over HongKong in Luly, 1997.中国于1997年7月恢复对香港行使主 权。
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drudgery :
• 苦工 • drudge :a person who does menial,
dull or hard work. • 勤苦地做单调乏味的苦工的人。
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at a loss:
• bewildered or uncertain
• 不知所措。
• 如: For a moment I was at a loss.
• 有一阵子我不知所措。
• He was at a loss for an explanation of the affair.
mistakes. • 他的声誉受到他的错误的损害。 • His excessive work impaired his
health. • 他过度的工作损害了他的健康。
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• at large (放在名词后面) :as a whole 整个的，一般的。
• 如: Boys at large like sports.
• an excess of anger / an excess of enthasiasm 极其愤怒/热情。
• carry something to excess 把事情做得过火。
• in excess of 超过。
• 如: 2020/4/27 He spent in excess of his income .
• In the best condition 处于最佳状态 • He was not at his best on the last
game.他上次比赛状态不佳。 • He was at his best in the debate
yesterday and got apllause from time to time.他在昨天的辩论中表现出最佳状 态
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Apt to do 易于做，趋于
• He is apt to get angry.他动不动就生气。 • The naughty boy is apt to make
trouble in class.那个淘气的男孩爱上课 捣乱。
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• maximize :最大化。
• 如: maximize one’s potential / profits 最大限度发挥潜力/获得利益。
• 反义词: minimum 最少。
• 如：It requires a minimum of five day‘s work.
• a minimum of temperature / wage / height 最低气温/工资/身高。
• Switzerland has no outlet to the sea. 瑞士没有入海口。
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Derive sth from sth
• Obtain sth from sth;trace sth from得 到；追根求源
• Not all students can derive pleasure from their studies.不是所有学生都能从 学习中获得乐趣。
4
provided (that) :
• conj . if and only if ; on condition that .
• 如果，只要。
• 如: Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall proceed to carry out the plan.
• 如: It irks me to do such tedious work.
• 做这样无聊的工作让我相一致感到厌烦
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irksome
• tending to irk
• 令人厌倦的，厌烦的。
• －some . 加在名词、动词或形容词上构成 形容词。
• 另如: lonesome 孤独的，冷落的; quarrelsome 爱吵架的; troublesome 麻 烦的; wearisome 使人疲劳的，令人厌烦 的。
• sensation(s) :
• widespread excitement or interest. 轰 动激动。
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• first and foremost: • 首先，最主要的。 • 如:Though he has written many books,
he's first and foremost a poet. • 尽管他写过几本书，他首先是个诗人。 • First and foremost , we must have
• The modern society calls for those
who knows English and computer very
well.现代社会要求人们熟练掌握英语和计
算机。
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• at any rate :in any event ; in any case 不管怎样。
• The store outwitted the robbers by
putting phony jewels in the display
case.商店把假珠宝放在陈列盒里骗过了盗
贼。
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Varied, variable
• Varied: of different sorts各种各样的
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excess
• more than or above what is necessary
• 超过部分，过多。
• 如: You should pay for the excess.
• Excess of sorrow laughs , excess of joy weeps.
• 悲极而笑，喜极而泣。
• minimize the consequences / the risks. / the formalities
•2020将/4/27后果/风险/手续减到最少。
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Call for sth
• Require, demand or need sth.要求，需 要
• The situation there calls for immediate action.那里的形势需要立即采 取行动。
• Spend time:度过
• He spend a weekend in London.他在伦敦
度过周末。
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outlet
• Means of releasing; way out发泄的途径； 出路，出口
• Children need an outlet for their energy.儿童的精力需要发泄出来。
• 如：I will leave him alone at any rate.
• apt :likely , having a tendency
• 常会，容易（有某种倾向）。
• 如：A careless person is apt to make mistakes.
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At one’s best
• 男孩一般喜爱运动。
• the public at large
• 社会大众。