第二篇语法专题突破之名词
2013年英语北京中考复习方案---第二篇 语法专题突破
7.He is a friend of my ________(sister). sister's 8.All the ________(woman) teachers are happy on March women 8th.
语法互动(一)
名词
libraries 9.There are several ________ (library) in the city. photos 10.Here are some ____________ (photo) for you. 11.Those policemen(policeman) are looking for the lost ________ kids. 12.Collecting stamps is one of my ________ (hobby). hobbies people 13.Many ________ (people) went to the beach last weekend. 14.The food ________ (taste) delicious. I like it very much. tastes artist 15.I want to be an ________ (art) when I grow up. freedom 16.Children need time and ________ (free) to have fun.
语法互动(一)
名词
3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成 名词作定语修饰名词时,其复数形式为:只将后面的名词 变成复数,如:许多苹果树 many apple trees,但是,如果 man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都用复数。如: woman teacher→women teachers女教师; man doctor→men doctors男医生。 4.英语中有些名词总以复数形式出现。如: trousers, pants, clothes, glasses(眼镜)等。 5.集体名词的数。集体名词表示的是由若干个个体组成 的集合体。如:family, class, team等,它们以单数形式出现, 但实为复数。如果强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。如:
语法专项突破 专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词 第3讲 词性转化(构词法) 含答案
语法专项突破专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词第3讲词性转化(构词法)一、动词/形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀2.形容词变名词的后缀二、名词/动词转化为形容词的规律三、形容词转化为副词的规律❖厘清两种情况,突破词性转化❖一、从句法功用上看,厘清“修饰”与“被修饰”1.名词在句中做宾语,被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰。
[例1] She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).[例2] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the __________(develop) of chopsticks.2.形容词在句中做定语,常放在名词之前[例3]It was a relief and I came to a _________(suddenly) stop just in the middle of the road.3.形容词在句中作表语,常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后[例4]At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be _________(freely) from them.4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语,之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词[例5] As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so ___________(beauty).5.副词在句中修饰动词[例6]The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词[例7]Dad and I were __________(terrible) worried.7.副词用在句首,修饰整个句子,表示状态、原因等。
中考英语 第二部分 专题语法 高效突破 专项2 名词课件
如:The police are searching for the thieves everywhere.警察们正在到处 寻找盗贼。
可数 小鸡 玻璃杯
不可数 鸡肉 玻璃
名词 room time
可数
房间
次数, 倍数
不可数 空间 时间
orange
橘子 橘汁 wood 树林 木头,木材
paper
报纸, 文件
纸
work 作品
工作
4. 有些名词虽以s结尾,但它们不是复数。如:physics物理,politics
政治(zhèngzhì),news新闻。
(1)holiday多指法律法规规定的节假日,如:
holiday, vacation与
festival
winter holiday寒假; (2)vacation多指长的假期,如: be on amonth vacation 正在过为期一个月的假期; (3)festival指一个国家或者地方传统的节日。如:the
【注意(zhùyì)】 不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示: a block of一块;a bottle of一瓶; a piece of一片(张/块);a pile of一堆
2021/12/9
第十页,共三十页。
3.有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,但意义不同。
名词 chicken
glass
leaf→leaves; knife→knives; wife→wives; life→lives
专题02 名词-备战中考英语专项突破课件(语法篇)
foot→feet;tooth→teeth; 改变内部元音字母
man→men; mouse→mice
特殊名词 词尾加-ren 单复数同形
child→children sheep→sheep;deer→deer; Chinese→Chinese
“各国人”名 词变复数
Chinese→Chinese;
—Because the color red is the
of good luck in China.
A.reason
B.hope
C.dream
D.symbol
( C )12.(2020·武汉)—How's Mr.Clark's small company?
—Quite good . It has grown to become a
—Hard to believe! Scientists are full of great changes in our life.
which leads to
A.attraction
B.invention
C.position
D.contribution
( A )3.(2020·福建)—I like
light(光;光线)—a light(电灯) orange(橙汁)—an orange(橙子) radio(无线电)—a radio(收音机) fish(鱼肉)—fishes(各种各样的鱼) exercise(锻炼;运动)—exercises(习题) life(生活)—lives(生命) time(时间)—times(倍;次数)
教材单元链 语法项目 考查角度
接
教材例句
When is Alice'birthday?
中考英语第二篇语法专题突破专题一名词讲本课件
将后一个词变为复 toothbrush—toothbrushes;
数
egg basket—egg baskets
当作定语的名词是 man doctor—men
man,woman时,两部 doctors;woman teacher—
分都变复数
women teachers
情况
变化规则
例词
不规则变形
改变内部元音字母
(1)有些物体的名词,在表达具体数目时,要借助量词pair来表示,其谓语动词 的单复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式。如:
a pair of trousers 一条裤子 (2)形式为单数,意思为复数。如:people,police (3)视为整体时,为单数;视为个体时,谓语用复数。如: family,class,team,group (4)形式为复数,意思为单数。如:news,the United States (5)只用复数形式。如: pants,shorts,clothes,glasses(眼镜)
time(时间)—times(倍,次数)
hand(帮助)—a hand(手)
radio(无线电)—a radio(收音机)
experience(经验)—an experience(经历)
◆可数名词的数
在使用可数名词时,要熟练掌握可数名词变复数的规则:
情况
变化规则
一般情况
直接在词尾加s
以s,x,sh,ch等结尾 的名词
German—Germans
注意: 1.“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词
须用单数形式。如: fouryearold 四岁大的 a 100meter race 一场百米赛 a tenstoreyhigh building 一幢10层高的楼房
山西专版2021年中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题01名词试题
专题(一) 名词|语法综合演练|Ⅰ.单项选择1.[2019·苏州改编]—Keep quiet! I need complete when I'm working.—Sorry, Dad. I won't make any noise again.A.trustB.silenceC.control2.[2019·东营改编]—Mom, which is the better for me, a senior high school or a vocational(职业的) high school?—Either is OK. It's up to your future plan.A.choiceB.resultC.experience3.[2019·南京改编]—Tomorrow is Mum's birthday. Let's buy some flowers for her.—OK. I know she likes best.A.dressesB.ringsC.roses4.[2019·盐城改编]The number of the people using HUAWEI is getting larger and larger.A.culturesB.customersC.products5.[2019·扬州改编]—I'm not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report.—You should read some about the book before writing.A.reviewsB.reasonsC.results6.[2019·宿迁改编]—Anna, how does the dress look on me?—To tell you the , it doesn't fit you well.A.tradeB.treatC.truth7.[2019·连云港改编]On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the 110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar.A.men'sB.menC.mens'8.[2019·安徽改编]You can see the in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.A.doubtB.prideC.regret9.[2019·重庆改编]We have wider in our village, so we can go out more easily now.A.housesB.roadsC.schools10.[2019·江西改编]My daughter helps me cook, but she isn't old enough to be left alone in the .A.bedroomB.classroomC.kitchen11.[2019·滨州改编]After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for .A.priceB.noiseC.peace12.[2019·天津改编]The of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.A.silenceB.purposeC.culture13.[2019·宜昌改编]—Time past can not be called back again.—Yes. Wasting time is a .A.pressureB.fairnessC.shame14.[2019·天水改编]—Look! They are .—Yes. We are proud of them.A.women scientistsB.woman scientistsC.man scientists15.[2019·咸宁改编]—Creative morning are popular in our school.—Yes, we dance to fun music, such as the song Calorie(《卡路里》).A.examsB.exercisesC.expressions16.About how to achieve a balance between hobbies and schoolwork, Justin asked me for my .A.positionB.attentionC.suggestion17.Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high from the art community for his sculptures.A.praiseB.promiseC.progress18.Please give me some on how to spend the coming weekend.A.spaceB.adviceC.courage19.Mrs Smith lives next to us. She is really a good because she is always ready to help people around her.A.visitorB.managerC.neighbour20.Lights are out. The concert is to begin. The fans hold their breath for Jay Chou's .A.influenceB.guidanceC.appearance21.—Do you have this T-shirt in a small ?—I'm afraid not. It only comes in medium.A.sizeB.colourC.material22.Stephen Hawking's story gives me much to face all kinds of difficulties.A.chanceB.decisionC.courage23.—What would you like to drink?—I'd like three .A.bottles of watersB.bottle of watersC.bottles of water24.The woman in a hat is aunt.A.Jack and John'sB.Jack's and JohnC.Jack's and John's25.—Your is quite good. You must be from an English-speaking country.—Thanks, but I'm from China.A.pollutionB.protectionC.pronunciation26.We usually have seven holiday every National Day.A.days'B.day'C.day's27.—I like the named the English World very much.—Me, too. I have read it for many years.A.magazineB.programC.movie28.—I'm thirsty, Mum. I'd like something to drink.—We only have some in the fridge.A.orangesB.cheeseC.juice29.China has the world's largest population of university graduates, so providing them with jobs is really a for the Chinese government.A.challengepetitionC.purpose30.One of the book is missing, so I can't learn the whole story.A.copyB.pageC.writerⅡ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
语法专项突破名词课件
( B ) 9. A group of________ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Australian B. Japanese C. American ( A ) 10. In the picture there are many________ and two________. A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheeps; fox
语法专项突破
专题一
名词
考点一 可数名词复数
一、名词的数
可数名词都有单数和复数之分; 不可数名词没有复数形式。
1. 可数名词 (1)规则的可数名词的复数变化规则: 构成方式
1.一般在词尾加-s
例
desk→ desks mile→ miles
词
书桌 英里
2.以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es
不以s结尾的复数名词 加’s
children’s books There are many ______ _____ in the shop. 在这家商店里有许多儿 童读物。
构成方法 表示两个人共有同一物, 则只在后一个名词词尾 加’s; 如果两个人分别拥 有某物, 则在两个名词词 尾后分别加’s(被修饰名 词要用复数形式)
表示某人的家或者某个 店铺
我姑姑的家 医生的诊所
my aunt’s
the doctor ’s
2. of所有格 of所有格一般用于表示无生命的东西的名词中。 一张世界地图
a map of _____ the world ___ ____ _____
the windows of the room 房间的窗户 _____ ______ _____ _____ ____ the capital China 中国的首都 _____ _____ of _____ _____
高考英语 语法专项突破需要变形的名词形容词和副词词性转换(构词法)核心
落堕市安心阳光实验学校专题二需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词(三)词性转换(构词法)单句语法填空1.Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt that they were in (safe).safety解析:句意:维苏威火山几个世纪以来都没有爆发过,所以庞培的人们感到他们是安全的。
in safety意为“安全”,是固定短语。
2.The Theater District is a popular tourist (attract) in New York City.attraction解析:句意:剧院区是纽约一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地。
设空处作is的表语,其前有不定冠词a及popular tourist修饰,应用名词单数。
3.At first people there found the Chinese and their work very strange. My father often saw people running after trains out of (curious).curiosity解析:句意:起初,那里的人们发现中国人和他们的工作很奇怪。
我父亲经常看到人们出于好奇而追赶火车。
介词of后应使用名词,此处是短语out of curiosity“出于好奇”。
4.The boy gave his classmate a (describe) of what he had seen on his way to school.description解析:空格前有不定冠词,空格后有介词of,故此处填名词。
5.People who are farsighted can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm’s (long).length解析:此处表示除非放在一臂远的距离外。
【直击中考】山西省2014中考英语总复习 第二部分 语法专题突破 专题一 名词(含历年中考真题)
第二部分语法专题突破专题一名词重难点精讲考点精讲考点一名词辨析语境辨析(2013年17、24题,2012年17题,2011年17题,2009年23题考查)近几年山西中考对名词的考查越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别。
常见的职业类名词、饮食类名词、建议类名词及一些物质名词是考查的热点。
解答此类试题要知道不同的名词所表达的具体含义,以及要能辨别它们之间的差异,这就需要学生准确记忆名词词义并在语言环境中学习。
本书开始的《2014山西中考词汇分类速记表》将常见的词按话题进行分类,可结合此词汇表进行重点记忆。
近义词辨析(2009年27题考查)山西中考对名词的近义词辨析涉及较少,老师可根据词条适当补充讲解。
1. voice, noise, sound2. family, house, home3. message, news, excuse, information4. work与job5. question与problem6. idea与advice7. condition, state, situation8. journey, tour, trip9. road, street, way10. chance与opportunity11. room, place, house12. cloth, clothing, clothes13. view, scene, sight14. race, match, contest, competition15. trouble与matter16. mistake, fault, error17. force, energy, power考点二名词单复数可数名词变化规则一般情况加s 如 cake→cakes/day→days/ student→students/bed→beds以字母s,x, sh, ch等结尾的词加es 如 bus→buses class→classeswatch→watches以字母f,fe结尾的词变f, fe为v再加es 如 leaf→leaves knife→kniveswife→wiveslife→lives以辅音字母加y结尾的词先变y为i,再加es 如baby→babiescity→citiescountry→countries不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母如 man→menwoman→womenfoot→feettooth→teeth②单复数形式相同如 fish→fish, sheep→sheep,deer→deer, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese③只有复数形式的名词如 trousers, glasses, thanks,clothes, goods, chopsticks,④其他形式如 mouse→micechild→children规则名词单数变复数口诀名词单数变复数,直接加-s占多数;词尾若是s,x,sh,ch,直接加上-es;词尾若是f或fe, 加s 之前先变-ve;“辅音字母加y”结尾,把y变i再加es;若是遇见西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato),词尾直接加上es.常见不可数名词(2010年17题考查)没有复数形式。
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语法互动(一) 名词
• 3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成 • 名词作定语修饰名词时,其复数形式为: 只将后面的名词变成复数,如:许多苹果树 many apple trees,但是,如果man和woman 作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都用复数 。如: woman teacher→women teachers女教 师; man doctor→men doctors男医生。 • 4.英语中有些名词总以复数形式出现。如 : • trousers, pants, clothes, glasses(眼镜)等。
以元音字母+y结尾的 词
直接加-s
bus→buses box→boxes wish→wishes beach→beaches city→cities story→stories family→families party→parties boy→boys day→days key→keys monkey→monkeys
语法互动(一) 名词
以辅音字母+o结尾的 无生命的加-s,有生命
词
的加-es
以元音字母+o结尾的 词
直接加-s
以f或fe结尾的词
大多数变f或fe为ve,再 加-s
photo→photos piano→pianos
kilo→kilos tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes
hero→heroes zoo→zoos
语法互动(一) 名词
• 考点二 可数名词 • 1.规则名词复数形式的构成
情况 构成方法 一般情况 加 s
例词 book→books map→maps
bag→bags year→years
语法互动(一) 名词
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词
加-es
再加-es
语法互动(一) 名词
• 4.不可数名词量的表达 • 不可数名词的数量要借助一个量词来表达, 其如结:构为tw:a op数iceucpe词soof+f btre量eaad词+of+不可数名词。 • 一块面包th_re_e_g_la_ss_e_s_o_f _or_a_n_ge___ • 两杯茶__________________ • 三杯橘汁______________________
语法互动(一) 名词
• My family are watching TV.我的家人正在看电 视。 • My family is a happy one.我家是一个幸福的 家庭。 • 有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如: people(人们), police(警察)等,如果要表达单 数形式则要使用其他名词。如:
radio→radios kangaroo→kangaroos
knife→knives leaf→leaves shelf→shelves thief→thieves
语法互动(一) 名词
• 2.不规则名词复数形式的构成 • 不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况 : • (1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如: foot→feet;tooth→teeth; man→men; woman→women; policemachni→ldrpenolicemen; policewoman→policewomen; Englishman→EnCghliisnhesme en(但: Japanese German→Germans)。 • (2)词尾加-(r)en。如:child→__________;
• 2.基本用法
语法互动(一) 名词
• 3.既可数又不可数的名词 • 有些名词既能用作可数名词,又能用作不可 数名词,但意义不同。如: • chicken鸡(可数); 鸡肉(不可数) • room—房间(可数); 空间(不可数) • fish—鱼(可数); 鱼肉(不可数) • glass—玻璃杯(可数); 玻璃(不可数) • paper—试卷,报纸(可数); 纸张(不可数)
语法互动(一) 名词
• ③不以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加's 。如: Women's Day • 妇女节 _C_h_il_d_re_n_'s_D_a_y__________ • 儿童节 _________a__pi_c_tu_re_o_f_o_u_r_classroom • (2)无生命的名a词m的ap 所of C有hi格na 一般由“of+名 词”构成。如: • 我们教室的to一da张y's照new片spaper _________t_he__w_or_ld_'_s _po_p_u_la_ti_o_n • 一张中国地图 ____________________ • [注意] 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体
语法互动(一) 名词
①一个人a a
people (×) person(√)
②一名警察a a
police(×) policeman/policewoman(√)
语法互动(一) 名词
• 考点三 名词所有格 • 1.构成 • (1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法: • ①一般情况下在M名ike'词s c后ar 加's。如: • 迈克的汽车m_y_m_o_t_he_r_'s_b_ir_th_d_a_y_________ • 我妈妈的生Tea日che_r_s'_D_a_y_______________ • ②以s结尾的复数h名ou词rs' 只wal加k '。 如: • 教师节 ____________________ • 三个小时的步行 ____________________
语法互动(一) 名词
语法互动(一) 名词
• 中考考点 • 1.正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。 • 2.掌握可数名词复数形式的构成。 • 3.掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。
语法互动(一) 名词
• 考点一 不可数名词
• 1.分类
物质名词
• 不可数名词分抽为象_名__词_______(表示无法分为
个体的物质,如rice, water, milk等)和
__________(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等
抽象概念,如work, time, health等)。常考的
不可数名词还有:advice, happiness, news,
trouble, weather, traffic, information, homework, progress, experience(经验)等。