高级英语阅读
高级英语阅读(一)
高级英语阅读（一）1.( )'He____his father in appearance but not in height.A. repeatsB. looksC. resemblesD. likes满分：2 分得分：2分2. ( )'He said in his letter that he would____some photographs but I couldn’t find anything in the envelope.A. caseB. doubleC. encloseD. nonsense满分：2 分3. ( )'It is impossible for us to____such a difficult task within the limited time.A. fuelB. frownC. fulfillD. frost满分：2 分4. ( )'Chocolate and ice-cream have different____.A. favourB. favouritesC. feverD. flavours满分：2 分5. ( )'Having decided to rent a flat, we ______ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.A. set aboutB. set downC. set outD. set up满分：2 分6. ( )'It is highly____that he come here tomorrow to join us.A. desirableB. doubtfulC. goodD. wanted满分：2 分7. ( )'_______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given upB. Had he given upC. Did he giveD. If he gave up满分：2 分8. ( )'He was educated at the local high school, _______he went on toBeijing University.A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that满分：2 分9. ( )'He is deeply____in the trouble of his company.A. involvedB. occurredC. packedD. represented满分：2 分10. ( )'He didn’t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A. thisB. thatC. itD. these满分：2 分11. ( )'As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free tax supported schools must be established in every town ______ 50 households or more.A. havingB. to haveC. to have hadD. having had满分：2 分12. ( )'As a result of careless washing the jacket ______ to a child's size.A. compressedB. shrankC. droppedD. decreased满分：2 分13. ( )'If you ask why I plan to study in the United States,the only answer is that it is a____for me.A. chapterB. ceremonyC. chamberD. challenge满分：2 分14. ( )'It ________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _______ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; whenB. was until; thatC. wasn’t until; whenD. wasn’t until; that满分：2 分15. ( )'If you don’t try your best to learn all subjects, you will ___ behind.A. stayB. leaveC. fallD. remain满分：2 分16. ( )'____is usually the chief enemy of the camera lens.A. OccasionB. VainC. MoistureD. Deck满分：2 分17. ( )'______their differences，the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.A. But forB. For allC. Above allD. Except for满分：2 分18. ( )'He hoped the firm would ______ him to the Paris branch.A. exchangeB. transmitC. transferD. remove满分：2 分19. ( )'He changed into women’s clothes （）he wouldn’t be recognized.A. so thatB. for fear thatC. in caseD. as if满分：2 分20. ( )'He has____much time and energy for his invention.A. containedB. proceededC. consumedD. paid满分：2 分21. ( )'He read the paper several times but be still____ some printer’s errors.A. overlookedB. ignoredC. noticedD. outlined满分：2 分22. ( )'______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Only if; will youB. Only if; you willC. Unless; will youD. Unless;you will满分：2 分23. ( )'____ I don't mind telling you what I know. --- You _____ . I'm not asking you for it.A. mustn'tB. may notC. can'tD. needn’t满分：2 分24. ( )'During the eight years'war,many people____ their blood for their country.A. shedB. temptedC. reservedD. devoted满分：2 分25. ( )'Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ______ other more well informed experimenters failed.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where满分：2 分26. ( )'Before you begin writing your paper,please write____first.Then we can have a better idea about what you are going to talk about.A. an originB. a detailC. an exampleD. an outline满分：2 分27. ( )'If you just stay in this city for few days,we can give you a____library card and you can still make use of the books in the city library.A. terminalB. temporaryC. regularD. chamber满分：2 分28. ( )'Great Britain and France will hold a____ regarding some European economic problems.A. conferenceB. referenceC. conversionD. cooperation满分：2 分29. ( )'As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _____.A. ought to be saidB. must sayC. have to be saidD. need to say满分：2 分30. ( )'He made a rough____of the first floor of that building,showing us where his office was located.A. paintingB. illustrationC. drawingD. sketch满分：2 分31. ( )'I'm sure he is up to the job ______ he would give his mind to it.A. if onlyB. in caseC. untilD. unless满分：2 分32. ( )'According to the air traffic rules, you _____ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should满分：2 分33. ( )'Having worked for three hours or so they stopped ( ) a rest.A. takingB. to takeC. havingD. having take满分：2 分34. ( )'Both O.J.Simpson and Jim Brown have been____ as the greatest players in the history of football.A. rankedB. recordedC. stockedD. stripped满分：2 分35. ( )'Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used ______late for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students' beingC. for students to beD. to students' being满分：2 分36. ( )'Every boy and every girl_____here . Let’s have the meeting.A. isB. areC. wasD. were满分：2 分37. ( )'I don't think it advisable that Tim _______ to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. will be assignedC. be assignedD. has been assigned满分：2 分38. ( )'As a commander,you should not____the soldiersto unnecessary danger.A. expressB. explodeC. exploitD. expose满分：2 分39. ( )'___________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business满分：2 分40. ( )'He tried to____with the manager for his salary .A. evaluateB. objectC. bargainD. pause满分：2 分41. ( )'He will agree to do what you require _______ him.A. ofB. fromC. toD. for满分：2 分42. ( )'It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____be rather cold sometimes.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would满分：2 分43. ( )'—Has the little girl passed ______ P.E. test? —She has tried twice, and the teacher will allow her to have _____ third try.A. the; 不填B. a; theC. the; aD. the; the满分：2 分44. ( )'Even though he has lived in China for many years,Mark still can not____himself to the Chinese customs.A. adoptB. adjustD. accept满分：2 分45. ( )'Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _______ his opinion.A. struck atB. strove forC. stuck toD. stood for满分：2 分46. ( )'In Nearly any country,there always exists a ____gap between the old and the young.A. generationB. helicopterC. noticeableD. ounce满分：2 分47. ( )'A____political and economic situation is very important for the development of any country.A. stainB. stableC. peaceful满分：2 分48. ( )'English has become a communication____for people from different countriesA. meritB. streamC. enjoymentD. medium满分：2 分49. ( )'A ______ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A. resultB. responseC. settlementD. solution满分：2 分50. ( )'He was told that it would be at least three more months ______ he could recover and return to work.A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. that满分：2 分。
英语学习高级阅读材料
英语学习高级阅读材料双语美文：只有在乎你的人，才会对你啰嗦Everyone has that period in which they find those who are close to them start to seem annoying .每个人都会经历这样的时期：发现身边那些亲近的人开始变得有点烦了。
You suddenly realized that they've always been talking and talking. 你会突然意识到，长久以来他们就一直不停地在说啊说。
They never stopped. 他们从来就没有停过。
Some of us get angry with them, thinking they are trying too hard to intervene in our lives.我们中的有些人，会开始变得愤怒，觉得他们对我们的生活介入太多。
But don't.但是，请不要愤怒。
Only those who really care about you will bother saying so much to you. 只有那些真正关心我们的人才会费劲对我们说这么多。
It's just that maybe they don't know the right way to put it. 只是，他们可能并不知道正确的相处办法。
Some of them push too hard because they care too much. 他们中有些人逼得太紧，那是因为他们太在乎。
Some of them speak too much because they worry about you too much. 他们中的有些人说得太多，那是因为他们太担心你。
They do this because they love you. 他们这么做，都是因为爱你。
高级英语阅读课文1-4
Unit1 sports Beyond BeckhamBy Malcolm BeithNursing a broken foot, Wayne Rooney limped off the football field just 27 minutes into England's Euro 2004 quarter-final against Portugal. His tournament was over, but what a hard game it had been: Rooney had shot four goals and given his team the hope David Beckham had failed to provide. Surely the 18-year-old Rooney was the One, thought the football experts from Birmingham to Bangkok, the golden boy who would replace Beckham as the new face of football. But the hype died down as soon as the question of dollars translated into sense. Sure, Rooney is a very good player, declared one commentator, but what could he possibly sell---"potatoes?"In the Age of Beckham, it takes more than football skills to become a global football icon. A player's ability to sell team shirts, shaving cream and everything has become ever more crucial to a football club's ability to establish itself as a global brand. At the top of the food chain stands Beckham--the sarong-wearing star whose good looks, family-man image and celebrity status have helped sell everything from Gillette razors in the United States to Meiji Seika chocolates in Japan.But all good things must come to an end, and the Age of Beckham is no exception. At 29, Beckham is entering the twilight of his career; the football industry is beginning to contemplate how to fill the void that hisdecline as a player and eventual retirement will create. Indeed, that question was on the minds of many of the world's club bosses and marketing executives who attended the annual football trade fair in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in early December 2004. Newcastle United chairman Freddy Shepherd declared frankly that Manchester United had lost some of its "stardust" since letting Beckham transfer to Real Madrid in 2003. Now the whole industry is worried about losing its brightness.There is no obvious candidate to fill Beckham's Gucci shoes. Rooney, 19, is too uninspiring off the field; the pug-faced Liverpudlian has only local appeal and lacks a celebrity reputation. The same goes for Real Madrid's Michael Owen, although he's cute enough to female fans. Other stars, like Manchester United's Portuguese passionate Cristiano Ronaldo, Italian Francesco Totti of AS Roma, Argentine wonder boy Javier Saviola of Monaco and Arsenal's No. 1 Frenchman Thierry Henry have potential. But their global range is limited by one important factor: "They don't have the English-language feature," says Dominic Malcolm, a sports-economics lecturer at the University of Leicester and author of The Future of Football. Speaking English has come to be regarded as a vital asset for any footballer hoping to win over fans from Buenos Aires to Bangkok. It is generally believed that the next Beckham may well have to be English or American, just as most global pop icons are.The lack of such a figure is leading European club executives andsponsors to concentrate on filling region-specific marketing needs, particularly in Asia, which is now seen as the merchandising gold mine that could help bring Europe's ailing teams out of the red. When Crystal Palace signed Chinese stars Fan Zhiyi and Sun Jihai in 1998, the club's products flew off shelves across China, and created instant brand-name recognition. Tottenham enjoyed a similar effect with Japanese striker Kazuyuki Toda last year, as did Parma with Japanese star Hidetoshi Nakata, who is now at Fiorentina. "We're seeing players signed in Europe because of the commercial opportunity they open up," says Malcolm. "It enables a football club as a brand to expand into a market." Consider this: When Chinese star Li Tie's Everton plays against Manchester City, where Sun Jihai now plays, an estimated 300 million Chinese watch the match (less than 1 million Brits tune in--and that's if Rupert Murdoch's BSkyB chooses to broadcast it).Some critics argue that teams are sacrificing quality in this quest to build international brands. Many of the Asian players transferred to Europe have failed dismally on the field--Toda, for instance, played just four games before being sent back to a Japanese club. This prompted Mohammed bin Hammam, the head of the Asian Football Confederation, to accuse European clubs of exploiting Asian players as "slaves" for commercial purposes earlier this year, demanding instead that they hire Asians on playing ability alone. Nevertheless, some teams are going outof their way to help raise player quality along with their reputations; Stockport County FC in Britain's Division One plays annual exhibitions in China and offers training scholarships to local players. "Recruiting players has to be purely about talent," says a former executive of one big-name English club. "If the player has marketing value, it's a bonus--but not the reason. If you do that you start to endanger the integrity of sporting principles."Perhaps, but these principles have largely died in recent years, as satellite television dragged football from its local, small roots and transformed it into a multibillion-dollar industry that favored branding over ball skills. As the footballing world moves into a new era, desperately seeking its new cash cow--or cows--few clubs or sponsors are listening to the old timers. Some still dream of finding the One, perhaps in an American like Washington DC United's 15-year-old Ghanaian born Freddy Adu, who has endorsement deals with everyone from Nike to Campbell's soup, and has helped raise attendance at his games this past season to 50 percent above average. "It may be that the person who rivals Beckham is going to be the person most closely linked to the American team when it eventually wins the World Cup," speculates Malcolm.Others think that's not likely ever to happen. So, when Beckham finally fades into the history books, as Bill Gerard, a professor of sports management and finance at Leeds University Business School, puts it, "itwill be a case of 'The king is dead. Long live the king.'" The new ruler may face an altogether different kind of kingdom.Unit2 MoviesA Critic Review of The Terminal(Adapted)By A. O. ScottSteven Spielberg's new film, The Terminal, opens nationwide today. An airline terminal is, by definition, a place a traveler passes through on the way from one place to another. It is a place where one wants to spend only as much time as is absolutely necessary. However, the word "terminal" also has some darker connotations that challenge its modest, everyday meaning.The Latin origin of the word, termini, refers to the local gods, whose shrines served as boundary markers in ancient Rome. It suggests a frontier between worlds. The modern medical usage of "terminal" is associated with death. Therefore, to be trapped indefinitely in a terminal, without any opportunity to escape, brings to mind a kind of living death, a frustrating state of perpetual imprisonment.With this scenario in mind, it makes Steven Spielberg's transformation of this typical modem nightmare of interrupted air travel into a vision of earthly paradise much more remarkable. The director (Steven Spielberg) has repeatedly shown in his other movies how romantic flying can be. Steven Spielberg's interest in flying could be seen in the flashing spaceship lights at the end of Close Encounters (1977), inthe soaring bicycle of E. T. (1982), and Empire of the Sun (1987). The Terminal still shows Steven Spielberg's fascination with air travel, but it is also a direct contrast to his previous depictions of flight at the same time. This movie is about the romance of being stuck on the ground.The plot of the film begins with Viktor Navorski (Tom Hanks), who flies to New York from the imaginary eastern European republic of Krakozia. Viktor arrives at J.F.K. International Airport just as a military coup abolishes his country's government and renders him without a home.A large amount of complicated (and somewhat unrealistic) bureaucracy and regulations strand him at the airport, where he remains for nearly a year. He is unable to board a flight home or even take a cab into Manhattan. However, he is innocent of anything that would warrant his detention by the airport authorities. He is utterly trapped and completely free at the same time. (This movie is loosely based on the real experience of an Iranian traveler who was abandoned for a much longer period in a Paris airport after the fall of the Shah).Steven Spielberg and the screenwriters, Sacha Gervasi and Jeff Nathanson, emphasize freedom rather than constraint. They focus on the humor of Viktor's situation rather than on its seriousness. What sounds like a scenario out of a horror story turns into an innocent fairy tale of friendliness and pleasure. The troubles that afflict Viktor's home- land are safely confined to cable news broadcasts on airport television monitors.Real-life shocks of loneliness and displacement melt away into the atmosphere of the terminal.Even the cheeriest fairy tale must have a villain. In The Terminal, the villain is an ambitious, humorless Homeland Security official named Frank Dixon (Stanley Tucci), who is about to get a big promotion. With pursed lips and narrowed eyes, he regards Viktor not as a person in distress, but as a procedural inconvenience. When he fails to scare Viktor into leaving the airport, Dixon becomes obsessed.In the comical world of The Terminal, Dixon's vindictiveness is an anomaly. Before long, Viktor finds himself welcomed into an easygoing, multi-cultural tribe of nongovernmental airport employees. Among them are a dustman from India named Gupta (Kumar Pallana), a baggage handler named Joe (Chi McBride) and a sweet-faced restaurant worker named Enrique (Diego Luna).At first the lightheartedness of The Terminal may seem false. At time the story offers nothing special, and the filmmakers seem uncomfortable with characters that are anything more than simple and kind.Catherine Zeta-Jones is as spirited and lovely as ever, but the movie is content to use her for her beauty rather than for the humor that is her greatest attribute as a comic actress. In her other movies, this quality has been used in Rob Marshall's Chicago and Joe Roth's America'sSweethearts. Other directors, Steven Spielberg included, seem uncomfortable by the idea that a woman of such regal beauty could actually be funny. As for Stanley Tucci, he is an obvious choice to play an authoritative bureaucrat, but his performance is not inspired. If he were a less technical actor, Dixon's coldness and malice might be psychologically interesting.Dixon and Amelia (Zeta-Jones) are there to serve the plot. The story is sweet and humorous, but Steven Spielberg has made it tolerable. Rarely have I been so acutely aware of a movie's softness and sentimentality, and rarely have I minded less. Some of the credit goes to Tom Hanks. He is a man with nothing left to prove. His performance is so friendly that its nuances emerge only in retrospect.At first Viktor seems like a holy fool with a funny accent, but the pouches under his eyes and the determination of his attitude tell another story. In time we learn that Viktor is a skilled carpenter and a devoted son. However, before we learn this and before he learns enough English to tell us, we understand that he is resourceful and stubborn as well as generous.There are some similarities between Viktor and the character, Chuck Noland, which Tom Hanks played in Cast Away. However, there are many differences. Viktor's character is already stoic when the film begins, where Chuck takes four years of living on a desert island to become as stoic. In some ways Viktor's journey is the reverse of Chuck's.Chuck was cast out of modem consumer society and learned to make do with very little. Viktor is coming from circumstances of relatively little material wealth and must adapt to a scene of surrealistic and enormous abundance.I'm guessing that Viktor's homeland was originally an eastern European underdeveloped country. Someone from that region might point out that The Terminal presents a charming fantasy of global capitalism, which is not always so benevolent. Fair enough, but another way to say this is to notice that the film changes an alienating commercial environment into a place of utopian possibility, in the same way E. Z transformed a monotonous, sprawling suburb into a realm of enchantment. The appeal of both of these movies is due to the desire and ingenuity of the characters, who reflect the mind of Steven Spielberg.The magic of The Terminal is a bit forced, perhaps because it is more urgently needed. Air travel, once a symbol of freedom and mobility, is now often associated with frustration, anxiety and terror. Steven Spielberg, assisted by the music of John Williams, the cinematography of Janusz and the set designs of Alex McDowell, makes the audience forget their ideas of a real airline terminal with effortless grace and optimism. The Terminal changes the scary modem world into a friendly, artificial garden of escalators and restaurants and expands toward the farthest horizon of the human imagination. ( 1,157 words )unit 3 Chinese CultureChinese Religions and CultureEarly Chinese religion belongs to the mythical and prehistoric period. Tradition speaks of the origins of Chinese culture lying in the 3rd millennium B.C. with the Xia Dynasty. As of yet no historical evidence has been found for such a dynasty, and all references to it are mythical. It is only with the Shang Dynasty, which is traditionally dated from 1766 B.C. to 1122 B.C., that we find evidence of a developing culture and religious practices. The religion of the Shang was principally characterized by the use of oracle bones for divination and the development of the cult of ancestors. It was believed that the cracks that resulted from burning ox bones or tortoise shells represented messages sent from the gods about a variety of matters such as illness, weather or hunting.Belief in deities and the practice of the worship of ancestors have persisted in Chinese life, and have come to form the basis of what has broadly been termed popular religion. Popular religion in fact represents a mixture of early religion and elements of the three great religions: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. At the heart of popular religion is the worship of deities and veneration of ancestors at shrines in the home or temples. There are many deities associated with this form of religion, but the best known are Yu Di, the supreme ruler of heaven, and Guan Yin,the goddess of mercy and protector of women and children.In the Zhou Dynasty a more structured form of religion developed. This is associated with the teaching of Kung Fuzi (551 B.C.-479 B.C.), whose Latinized name is Confucius. Confucius sought to establish a socio-political ethical system, with theological beliefs concerned with human destiny and the conduct of human relationships in society, based on a belief in the goodness of human nature. He believed in a providential Heaven (tian) and in prayer which encouraged him in his mission. He emphasized the five relationships--namely, father-son; ruler-subject; husband-wife; eldest son-brothers; friend-friend--to be expressed by li (correct ceremony) to bring he (harmony). Such relationships were rooted in family piety which came to give a prominent place to ancestor worship and to respect for deified men, which came to find expression in the Sacrifices of the State religion. The Confucian canon can be divided into two parts: the Four Books and the Five Classics. The Four Books consist of The Analects (Conversations of Confucius); The Book of Mencius; The Great Learning,' and The Doctrine of the Mean. The Five Classics were handed down from earlier times and emphasized by Confucius. These are The Book of Change; The Book of History; The Book of Odes; The Book of Rites; and The Spring and Autumn Annals.Out of the teachings of Confucius emerged various schools each associated with a master. Notable was the work of Mengzi (or Mencius)(371 B.C.-289 B.C.) and Xunzi (c. 313 B.C.-238 B.C.). Mengzi and Xunzi formed rival schools whose doctrinal differences were based ina fundamentally different conception of human nature o. Mengzi thought that people were fundamentally good and that what made them bad was their environment. Consequently, Mengzi emphasized the importance of education as a means for bringing out the innate goodness of people. By way of contrast, Xunzi had a more pessimistic view of human nature. Xunzi thought that people were inherently evil, and that they could only be taught to be good through training.The brief rule of the Qin had a devastating impact on Confucianism, whose scholars it persecuted and whose books it destroyed. Fortunately for the tradition, Confucianism received official acceptance of the Han Dynasty and flourished during the Han period. Under the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.), the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.), and the Song Dynasty (960-1279 A.D.) Confucian teaching was used for public examinations. In 631 A.D. the Confucian canon was made the sole subject for the examination of aspirants to official positions, so Confucianism came to be known as "the doctrine of the learned".During the Song Dynasty Neo-Confucianism emerged as a distinct movement in response to Taoism and Buddhism. Two traditions of Neo-Confucian thought emerged: the School of Principle, represented by Zhu Xi (1130-1200 A.D.), and the School of Mind, represented by LuJiuyuan (1139-1193 A.D.) and, later, Wang Yangming (1472-1529 A.D.). Zhu Xi sought to provide a metaphysical explanation of the nature of reality as well as an ethic for human conduct. For Zhu Xi the basis of all reality was the Supreme Ultimate (Taiji). In order for people to live properly they had to purify their qi (vital energy) through taming their desires so that they could be united with the Supreme Ultimate. In reaction to Zhu Xi's dualistic perception of reality, Lu Jiuyuan presented a monistic picture of the universe. He claimed that the universe and the mind are one. Therefore, through understanding one's own mind one could understand the nature of the cosmos. This was developed by Wang Yangming. Wang Yangming believed that individuals could perfect themselves through moral self-cultivation. This involved returning to an original mind whose principal quality was love (ten).Also of ancient origin is Taoism--whose classic text, the Daodejing, is attributed to a supposed contemporary of Confucius, Laozi. This text has had many interpreters whose works have developed in various sects, some of which have been very influential. There are two streams of Taoism: Religious Taoism, which is represented by the many sects concerned with the quest for immortality; and Philosophical Taoism, which was concerned to explain the human condition.The major imported religion is Mahayana Buddhism which is believed to have entered China in the 1st century B.C. An important earlyBuddhist teacher was An Shih Kao who founded what came to be known as the Dhyana School, characterized by its emphasis on meditation. Another major early school was the Prajna School whose doctrines were based on the interpretation of the Perfection of Wisdom. It was, however, between the 5th and 8th centuries that Buddhist schools flourished and developed in China. The great persecution of Buddhism in the middle of the 9th century led to its rapid decline, and by the time of the Song dynasty only the Chan and Chingtu schools remained significant.Recent changes have been profound, strengthening agnostic tendencies for many in the population. Traditional practices are still continued in many homes in China and among overseas Chinese. In recent times relaxation of restriction has given fresh opportunity for religious activity. Many Taoist and Buddhist temples, as well as mosques and churches, are reopened. Greater openness to the West has been accompanied by renewed conversion to Christianity; the government has encouraged the rediscovery of traditional religious values.(1,115 words)Unit4 Cultural DifferencesThe Cultural Differences Between the European Union andNorth America and Their Impact on Transatlantic BusinessBy Lionel Laroche , Ph.D.Progress in telecommunications and transportation technologies has resulted in unprecedented growth in international trade in general and transatlantic trade (between the European Union and North America) in particular. As a result, Europeans and North Americans interact routinely to negotiate and implement business agreements. For North Americans and Europeans, doing business with one another is considered easier than doing business with the third major trading block, namely the Far East. Indeed, European Union and North American countries share common historical and religious roots; as a result, most North American people traveling through the European Union and most European people traveling through North America experience culture shock to a much lesser extent than North American or European people traveling through the Far East. Unfortunately, the apparent similarities between countries of the European Union and North America mask significant cultural differences. Business people from either side may be lured into a false sense of familiarity when they cross the Atlantic Ocean. Taking these cultural differences into consideration increases significantly the probability of success of one's professional endeavors.The weight and importance of history are very different depending on which side of the Atlantic Ocean you are. On the North American side, history is much shorter: the U.S.A. started its existence as a country in 1776, Canada in 1867. By contrast, the history of most European nations goes back much further in time. This difference translates in the business world in the amount of background information needed to introduce a company or project~. For most North Americans, events that took place more than three to five years ago are considered irrelevant to the current situation, and background information on a project is usually limited to the latest developments. By contrast, many Europeans go back much further in time and often start the description of their company or project at the conception stage, no matter how long ago that event took place. This often results in miscommunication during joint meetings where people from both sides make presentations: North American audiences often find European presentations uninteresting, because they contain much superfluous background information (by North American standards), while European audiences often find that North American presentations lack key background information, making these presentations difficult to follow.In North America, English is the language for business. The only significant exception is Quebec where, while many Quebecers speak both English and French, the exclusive use of English may create somedifficulties. In the European Union, while English is generally accepted as the international language of business, the ability to speak English is not ubiquitous. Furthermore, the ability to speak English is not uniform across generations. Indeed, the acceptance of English as the international language of business is relatively recent. As a result, you may find that, outside the British Isles, young Europeans speak and understand English much better than their older counterparts. This difference can create tension, particularly when these people come from countries where hierarchy is important (such as France, Italy, and Spain). In some cases, good cases may be rejected because senior decision-makers do not understand them and may not want to acknowledge their lack of understanding in front of their younger colleagues.Both the U.S.A and Canada were built on the assumption that land, energy and resources (such as water, minerals, wood, etc.) are always available. If there is not enough available where you are, go somewhere else (west, in most cases) and you will find it. In North America, energy, land and resources are considered available in virtually unlimited supply; the only commodity that is continuously in short supply is time. By contrast, space, energy and resources are all in visibly limited supply in Europe. The need to conserve them is always present in European minds, particularly those who have experienced the damages of World War II. This results in very significant business practice differences between theEuropean Union and North America: the size of cars and equipment (from refrigerators to office equipment), the use of lighting, the use and whiteness of paper (North American documents are often single-sided and contain much blank space, for example) are daily examples of this difference in approach. Similarly, North American businesses tend to prefer building new, flat buildings on large pieces of land rather than revamp existing buildings.One common oversimplification made by people on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean consists in viewing the other side as relatively homogeneous from a cultural standpoint. For example, with the notable exception of Quebec, many Europeans tend to view North America as a continuum, with little difference from one location to another. Similarly, many North Americans tend to think of Europe as the British Isles and the rest of the continent. Europe itself is very diverse, and the UK is culturally closer in many respects to the U.S.A. and to English Canada than to Italy or France. Similarly, there are major regional differences within North America: English Canadians and Americans hold very different values on many social issues (including guns, health care, and education). Within the U.S.A., there are significant differences between the Northeastern States, the South, the Midwest, and the Southwest.Cultural differences between North America and the European Union can be quite significant and need to be taken into considerationwhen doing business with people on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. It is also important to keep in mind that neither North America nor the European Union is culturally uniform entities: there are significant variations within each trading bloc, and very few generalities can be stated about one trading bloc versus the other. Furthermore, the differences between European and North American countries depend on the countries considered on each side of the Atlantic Ocean: for example, Swedes can tolerate significantly more risks and uncertainty than Americans, but French people need far more structure and rules than Americans.(980 words)。
高级英语阅读试题及答案
高级英语阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分，每题5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AThe Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. It has transformed the world into a global village where people can connect and share ideas instantly. With just a few clicks, one can access a vast amount of knowledge and resources.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A) The history of the Internet.B) The impact of the Internet on communication.C) The global reach of the Internet.D) The ease of accessing information through the Internet.2. According to the passage, what is the Internet's primary function?A) To connect people.B) To share ideas.C) To provide access to knowledge.D) All of the above.BIn recent years, there has been a surge in the popularity ofeco-friendly products. Consumers are becoming more aware of the environmental impact of their choices and are opting for products that are sustainable and have a lower carbon footprint. This trend is driven by a growing concern for the environment and the desire to reduce waste.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The increase in eco-friendly product popularity.B) The consumer's awareness of environmental impact.C) The benefits of sustainable products.D) The driving force behind the eco-friendly trend.4. What is the reason behind the trend mentioned in the passage?A) Government regulations.B) Consumer demand.C) Environmental concerns.D) Economic incentives.CArtificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in recent decades. It is now capable of performing tasks that were once thought to be the exclusive domain of humans, such as driving cars, diagnosing diseases, and even composing music. The advancements in AI have the potential to greatly improve our lives, but they also raise ethical and societal questions.5. What is the focus of the passage?A) The history of AI.B) The capabilities of AI.C) The ethical implications of AI.D) The societal impact of AI.6. What is one of the tasks AI is now capable of performing?A) Driving cars.B) Composing music.C) Diagnosing diseases.D) All of the above.二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the options provided.The rise of social media has had a profound effect on society. It has provided a platform for people to express theiropinions and share their experiences. However, it has also brought about a new set of challenges, such as the spread of misinformation and the potential for cyberbullying.7. The rise of social media has had a _______ effect on society.A) negativeB) profoundC) minimalD) temporary8. Social media has provided a platform for people to _______ their opinions.A) suppressB) expressC) ignoreD) challenge9. One of the challenges brought about by social media is the _______ of misinformation.A) promotionB) preventionC) spreadD) limitation10. Cyberbullying is a potential _______ of social media.A) advantageB) challengeC) benefitD) solution三、翻译（共20分，每题10分）Translate the following sentences into English.11. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。
高级英语阅读
'Knock It Out of the Park' with These Sports IdiomsIn English, there are many expressions that come from sports. Here are four sports idioms that you can use in daily conversation.Keep your eye on the ballWhen playing baseball, it's important to watch the ball. If you keep your eye on the ball, you're more likely to hit it. So, the expression "keep your eye on the ball" means "focus on the most important thing." For example, "Keep your eye on the ball and you'll get good grades."Drop the ballIn many sports, a team could lose a game if a player drops theball. So if you "drop the ball," you've made a mistake or failed at something important. For example, if you forget an important meeting, you can say, "I'm sorry. I really dropped the ball!"Get the ball rollingThis expression probably comes from croquet, a lawn game that involves using a mallet to hit balls on the ground. To start a game of croquet, one of the players has to hit the ball, making it roll across the ground. So, to "get the ball rolling" means to start an activity or process, and to "keep the ball rolling" means to continue it. For instance, "Let's get the ball rolling by introducing ourselves."Knock it out of the parkWhen a baseball player hits the ball out of the park, the team scores a home run. This doesn't happen very often, so it's really exciting to see. In the same way, when someone does something very well, you can say they "hit it out of the park" or "knocked it out of the park." For example, "Great job on your exam! You really knocked it out of the park!"。
国家开放大学2022春(202207)《1354高级英语阅读(2)》期末考试真题及答案-开放本科
试卷代号:1354国家开放大学2022年春季学期期末统一考试高级英语阅读(2)试题答案及评分标准(供参考)2J22年7月Section I New WordsI. Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right.(30 points, 3 points each)I. F 2.G 3. H 4. A 5.B6. D7. E8. C9. J 10. III.Fill in the blanks with words fron the boxbelow. (30 points, 3 points each)munication12.capacity13.acquire14.research15.focusing16.structures17.produce18.journal19.identical20.percentSection II Read i ngConprehens ionI.For each question, choose the best answer based on the reading passage. (25 points, 5 points each)21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. CII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write "T" for True and“F" for False onthe Answer Sheet. (15 points, 3 points each)26. F 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. F试卷代号：1354国家开放大学2022年春季学期期末统一考试高级英语阅读(2)试题2022年7月注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
高级英语阅读第一单元(The middle Eastern Bazaar)
同义词: crowd 这两个词都表示拥挤的人群，不同处在于与 crowd相比，throng (carry a strong implication of movement and pushing and a weaker implication of density) 暗含动态的 意味更加强烈，即移动或推动，而crowd 更强调人群的密集度。
thread one’s way through/into something to move through a place by carefully going around things that are blocking your way She came towards me, threading her way through the crowd.
The middle Eastern Bazaar
Background information
This text is taken from the book Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces for Overseas Students. It was prepared by L.A. Hill and D.J. May and published by the Oxford University Press in 1962. The author in his introduction states: “This book is intended for students preparing for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency Examination（剑桥熟练英语证书考试）, and for students in the top class of secondary schools or in the first year of a university course”.
高级英语阅读课文1-4
Unit1 sports Beyond BeckhamBy Malcolm BeithNursing a broken foot, Wayne Rooney limped off the football field just 27 minutes into England's Euro 2004 quarter-final against Portugal. His tournament was over, but what a hard game it had been: Rooney had shot four goals and given his team the hope David Beckham had failed to provide. Surely the 18-year-old Rooney was the One, thought the football experts from Birmingham to Bangkok, the golden boy who would replace Beckham as the new face of football. But the hype died down as soon as the question of dollars translated into sense. Sure, Rooney is a very good player, declared one commentator, but what could he possibly sell---"potatoes?"In the Age of Beckham, it takes more than football skills to become a global football icon. A player's ability to sell team shirts, shaving cream and everything has become ever more crucial to a football club's ability to establish itself as a global brand. At the top of the food chain stands Beckham--the sarong-wearing star whose good looks, family-man image and celebrity status have helped sell everything from Gillette razors in the United States to Meiji Seika chocolates in Japan.But all good things must come to an end, and the Age of Beckham is no exception. At 29, Beckham is entering the twilight of his career; the football industry is beginning to contemplate how to fill the void that hisdecline as a player and eventual retirement will create. Indeed, that question was on the minds of many of the world's club bosses and marketing executives who attended the annual football trade fair in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in early December 2004. Newcastle United chairman Freddy Shepherd declared frankly that Manchester United had lost some of its "stardust" since letting Beckham transfer to Real Madrid in 2003. Now the whole industry is worried about losing its brightness.There is no obvious candidate to fill Beckham's Gucci shoes. Rooney, 19, is too uninspiring off the field; the pug-faced Liverpudlian has only local appeal and lacks a celebrity reputation. The same goes for Real Madrid's Michael Owen, although he's cute enough to female fans. Other stars, like Manchester United's Portuguese passionate Cristiano Ronaldo, Italian Francesco Totti of AS Roma, Argentine wonder boy Javier Saviola of Monaco and Arsenal's No. 1 Frenchman Thierry Henry have potential. But their global range is limited by one important factor: "They don't have the English-language feature," says Dominic Malcolm, a sports-economics lecturer at the University of Leicester and author of The Future of Football. Speaking English has come to be regarded as a vital asset for any footballer hoping to win over fans from Buenos Aires to Bangkok. It is generally believed that the next Beckham may well have to be English or American, just as most global pop icons are.The lack of such a figure is leading European club executives andsponsors to concentrate on filling region-specific marketing needs, particularly in Asia, which is now seen as the merchandising gold mine that could help bring Europe's ailing teams out of the red. When Crystal Palace signed Chinese stars Fan Zhiyi and Sun Jihai in 1998, the club's products flew off shelves across China, and created instant brand-name recognition. Tottenham enjoyed a similar effect with Japanese striker Kazuyuki Toda last year, as did Parma with Japanese star Hidetoshi Nakata, who is now at Fiorentina. "We're seeing players signed in Europe because of the commercial opportunity they open up," says Malcolm. "It enables a football club as a brand to expand into a market." Consider this: When Chinese star Li Tie's Everton plays against Manchester City, where Sun Jihai now plays, an estimated 300 million Chinese watch the match (less than 1 million Brits tune in--and that's if Rupert Murdoch's BSkyB chooses to broadcast it).Some critics argue that teams are sacrificing quality in this quest to build international brands. Many of the Asian players transferred to Europe have failed dismally on the field--Toda, for instance, played just four games before being sent back to a Japanese club. This prompted Mohammed bin Hammam, the head of the Asian Football Confederation, to accuse European clubs of exploiting Asian players as "slaves" for commercial purposes earlier this year, demanding instead that they hire Asians on playing ability alone. Nevertheless, some teams are going outof their way to help raise player quality along with their reputations; Stockport County FC in Britain's Division One plays annual exhibitions in China and offers training scholarships to local players. "Recruiting players has to be purely about talent," says a former executive of one big-name English club. "If the player has marketing value, it's a bonus--but not the reason. If you do that you start to endanger the integrity of sporting principles."Perhaps, but these principles have largely died in recent years, as satellite television dragged football from its local, small roots and transformed it into a multibillion-dollar industry that favored branding over ball skills. As the footballing world moves into a new era, desperately seeking its new cash cow--or cows--few clubs or sponsors are listening to the old timers. Some still dream of finding the One, perhaps in an American like Washington DC United's 15-year-old Ghanaian born Freddy Adu, who has endorsement deals with everyone from Nike to Campbell's soup, and has helped raise attendance at his games this past season to 50 percent above average. "It may be that the person who rivals Beckham is going to be the person most closely linked to the American team when it eventually wins the World Cup," speculates Malcolm.Others think that's not likely ever to happen. So, when Beckham finally fades into the history books, as Bill Gerard, a professor of sports management and finance at Leeds University Business School, puts it, "itwill be a case of 'The king is dead. Long live the king.'" The new ruler may face an altogether different kind of kingdom.Unit2 MoviesA Critic Review of The Terminal(Adapted)By A. O. ScottSteven Spielberg's new film, The Terminal, opens nationwide today. An airline terminal is, by definition, a place a traveler passes through on the way from one place to another. It is a place where one wants to spend only as much time as is absolutely necessary. However, the word "terminal" also has some darker connotations that challenge its modest, everyday meaning.The Latin origin of the word, termini, refers to the local gods, whose shrines served as boundary markers in ancient Rome. It suggests a frontier between worlds. The modern medical usage of "terminal" is associated with death. Therefore, to be trapped indefinitely in a terminal, without any opportunity to escape, brings to mind a kind of living death, a frustrating state of perpetual imprisonment.With this scenario in mind, it makes Steven Spielberg's transformation of this typical modem nightmare of interrupted air travel into a vision of earthly paradise much more remarkable. The director (Steven Spielberg) has repeatedly shown in his other movies how romantic flying can be. Steven Spielberg's interest in flying could be seen in the flashing spaceship lights at the end of Close Encounters (1977), inthe soaring bicycle of E. T. (1982), and Empire of the Sun (1987). The Terminal still shows Steven Spielberg's fascination with air travel, but it is also a direct contrast to his previous depictions of flight at the same time. This movie is about the romance of being stuck on the ground.The plot of the film begins with Viktor Navorski (Tom Hanks), who flies to New York from the imaginary eastern European republic of Krakozia. Viktor arrives at J.F.K. International Airport just as a military coup abolishes his country's government and renders him without a home.A large amount of complicated (and somewhat unrealistic) bureaucracy and regulations strand him at the airport, where he remains for nearly a year. He is unable to board a flight home or even take a cab into Manhattan. However, he is innocent of anything that would warrant his detention by the airport authorities. He is utterly trapped and completely free at the same time. (This movie is loosely based on the real experience of an Iranian traveler who was abandoned for a much longer period in a Paris airport after the fall of the Shah).Steven Spielberg and the screenwriters, Sacha Gervasi and Jeff Nathanson, emphasize freedom rather than constraint. They focus on the humor of Viktor's situation rather than on its seriousness. What sounds like a scenario out of a horror story turns into an innocent fairy tale of friendliness and pleasure. The troubles that afflict Viktor's home- land are safely confined to cable news broadcasts on airport television monitors.Real-life shocks of loneliness and displacement melt away into the atmosphere of the terminal.Even the cheeriest fairy tale must have a villain. In The Terminal, the villain is an ambitious, humorless Homeland Security official named Frank Dixon (Stanley Tucci), who is about to get a big promotion. With pursed lips and narrowed eyes, he regards Viktor not as a person in distress, but as a procedural inconvenience. When he fails to scare Viktor into leaving the airport, Dixon becomes obsessed.In the comical world of The Terminal, Dixon's vindictiveness is an anomaly. Before long, Viktor finds himself welcomed into an easygoing, multi-cultural tribe of nongovernmental airport employees. Among them are a dustman from India named Gupta (Kumar Pallana), a baggage handler named Joe (Chi McBride) and a sweet-faced restaurant worker named Enrique (Diego Luna).At first the lightheartedness of The Terminal may seem false. At time the story offers nothing special, and the filmmakers seem uncomfortable with characters that are anything more than simple and kind.Catherine Zeta-Jones is as spirited and lovely as ever, but the movie is content to use her for her beauty rather than for the humor that is her greatest attribute as a comic actress. In her other movies, this quality has been used in Rob Marshall's Chicago and Joe Roth's America'sSweethearts. Other directors, Steven Spielberg included, seem uncomfortable by the idea that a woman of such regal beauty could actually be funny. As for Stanley Tucci, he is an obvious choice to play an authoritative bureaucrat, but his performance is not inspired. If he were a less technical actor, Dixon's coldness and malice might be psychologically interesting.Dixon and Amelia (Zeta-Jones) are there to serve the plot. The story is sweet and humorous, but Steven Spielberg has made it tolerable. Rarely have I been so acutely aware of a movie's softness and sentimentality, and rarely have I minded less. Some of the credit goes to Tom Hanks. He is a man with nothing left to prove. His performance is so friendly that its nuances emerge only in retrospect.At first Viktor seems like a holy fool with a funny accent, but the pouches under his eyes and the determination of his attitude tell another story. In time we learn that Viktor is a skilled carpenter and a devoted son. However, before we learn this and before he learns enough English to tell us, we understand that he is resourceful and stubborn as well as generous.There are some similarities between Viktor and the character, Chuck Noland, which Tom Hanks played in Cast Away. However, there are many differences. Viktor's character is already stoic when the film begins, where Chuck takes four years of living on a desert island to become as stoic. In some ways Viktor's journey is the reverse of Chuck's.Chuck was cast out of modem consumer society and learned to make do with very little. Viktor is coming from circumstances of relatively little material wealth and must adapt to a scene of surrealistic and enormous abundance.I'm guessing that Viktor's homeland was originally an eastern European underdeveloped country. Someone from that region might point out that The Terminal presents a charming fantasy of global capitalism, which is not always so benevolent. Fair enough, but another way to say this is to notice that the film changes an alienating commercial environment into a place of utopian possibility, in the same way E. Z transformed a monotonous, sprawling suburb into a realm of enchantment. The appeal of both of these movies is due to the desire and ingenuity of the characters, who reflect the mind of Steven Spielberg.The magic of The Terminal is a bit forced, perhaps because it is more urgently needed. Air travel, once a symbol of freedom and mobility, is now often associated with frustration, anxiety and terror. Steven Spielberg, assisted by the music of John Williams, the cinematography of Janusz and the set designs of Alex McDowell, makes the audience forget their ideas of a real airline terminal with effortless grace and optimism. The Terminal changes the scary modem world into a friendly, artificial garden of escalators and restaurants and expands toward the farthest horizon of the human imagination. ( 1,157 words )unit 3 Chinese CultureChinese Religions and CultureEarly Chinese religion belongs to the mythical and prehistoric period. Tradition speaks of the origins of Chinese culture lying in the 3rd millennium B.C. with the Xia Dynasty. As of yet no historical evidence has been found for such a dynasty, and all references to it are mythical. It is only with the Shang Dynasty, which is traditionally dated from 1766 B.C. to 1122 B.C., that we find evidence of a developing culture and religious practices. The religion of the Shang was principally characterized by the use of oracle bones for divination and the development of the cult of ancestors. It was believed that the cracks that resulted from burning ox bones or tortoise shells represented messages sent from the gods about a variety of matters such as illness, weather or hunting.Belief in deities and the practice of the worship of ancestors have persisted in Chinese life, and have come to form the basis of what has broadly been termed popular religion. Popular religion in fact represents a mixture of early religion and elements of the three great religions: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. At the heart of popular religion is the worship of deities and veneration of ancestors at shrines in the home or temples. There are many deities associated with this form of religion, but the best known are Yu Di, the supreme ruler of heaven, and Guan Yin,the goddess of mercy and protector of women and children.In the Zhou Dynasty a more structured form of religion developed. This is associated with the teaching of Kung Fuzi (551 B.C.-479 B.C.), whose Latinized name is Confucius. Confucius sought to establish a socio-political ethical system, with theological beliefs concerned with human destiny and the conduct of human relationships in society, based on a belief in the goodness of human nature. He believed in a providential Heaven (tian) and in prayer which encouraged him in his mission. He emphasized the five relationships--namely, father-son; ruler-subject; husband-wife; eldest son-brothers; friend-friend--to be expressed by li (correct ceremony) to bring he (harmony). Such relationships were rooted in family piety which came to give a prominent place to ancestor worship and to respect for deified men, which came to find expression in the Sacrifices of the State religion. The Confucian canon can be divided into two parts: the Four Books and the Five Classics. The Four Books consist of The Analects (Conversations of Confucius); The Book of Mencius; The Great Learning,' and The Doctrine of the Mean. The Five Classics were handed down from earlier times and emphasized by Confucius. These are The Book of Change; The Book of History; The Book of Odes; The Book of Rites; and The Spring and Autumn Annals.Out of the teachings of Confucius emerged various schools each associated with a master. Notable was the work of Mengzi (or Mencius)(371 B.C.-289 B.C.) and Xunzi (c. 313 B.C.-238 B.C.). Mengzi and Xunzi formed rival schools whose doctrinal differences were based ina fundamentally different conception of human nature o. Mengzi thought that people were fundamentally good and that what made them bad was their environment. Consequently, Mengzi emphasized the importance of education as a means for bringing out the innate goodness of people. By way of contrast, Xunzi had a more pessimistic view of human nature. Xunzi thought that people were inherently evil, and that they could only be taught to be good through training.The brief rule of the Qin had a devastating impact on Confucianism, whose scholars it persecuted and whose books it destroyed. Fortunately for the tradition, Confucianism received official acceptance of the Han Dynasty and flourished during the Han period. Under the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.), the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.), and the Song Dynasty (960-1279 A.D.) Confucian teaching was used for public examinations. In 631 A.D. the Confucian canon was made the sole subject for the examination of aspirants to official positions, so Confucianism came to be known as "the doctrine of the learned".During the Song Dynasty Neo-Confucianism emerged as a distinct movement in response to Taoism and Buddhism. Two traditions of Neo-Confucian thought emerged: the School of Principle, represented by Zhu Xi (1130-1200 A.D.), and the School of Mind, represented by LuJiuyuan (1139-1193 A.D.) and, later, Wang Yangming (1472-1529 A.D.). Zhu Xi sought to provide a metaphysical explanation of the nature of reality as well as an ethic for human conduct. For Zhu Xi the basis of all reality was the Supreme Ultimate (Taiji). In order for people to live properly they had to purify their qi (vital energy) through taming their desires so that they could be united with the Supreme Ultimate. In reaction to Zhu Xi's dualistic perception of reality, Lu Jiuyuan presented a monistic picture of the universe. He claimed that the universe and the mind are one. Therefore, through understanding one's own mind one could understand the nature of the cosmos. This was developed by Wang Yangming. Wang Yangming believed that individuals could perfect themselves through moral self-cultivation. This involved returning to an original mind whose principal quality was love (ten).Also of ancient origin is Taoism--whose classic text, the Daodejing, is attributed to a supposed contemporary of Confucius, Laozi. This text has had many interpreters whose works have developed in various sects, some of which have been very influential. There are two streams of Taoism: Religious Taoism, which is represented by the many sects concerned with the quest for immortality; and Philosophical Taoism, which was concerned to explain the human condition.The major imported religion is Mahayana Buddhism which is believed to have entered China in the 1st century B.C. An important earlyBuddhist teacher was An Shih Kao who founded what came to be known as the Dhyana School, characterized by its emphasis on meditation. Another major early school was the Prajna School whose doctrines were based on the interpretation of the Perfection of Wisdom. It was, however, between the 5th and 8th centuries that Buddhist schools flourished and developed in China. The great persecution of Buddhism in the middle of the 9th century led to its rapid decline, and by the time of the Song dynasty only the Chan and Chingtu schools remained significant.Recent changes have been profound, strengthening agnostic tendencies for many in the population. Traditional practices are still continued in many homes in China and among overseas Chinese. In recent times relaxation of restriction has given fresh opportunity for religious activity. Many Taoist and Buddhist temples, as well as mosques and churches, are reopened. Greater openness to the West has been accompanied by renewed conversion to Christianity; the government has encouraged the rediscovery of traditional religious values.(1,115 words)Unit4 Cultural DifferencesThe Cultural Differences Between the European Union andNorth America and Their Impact on Transatlantic BusinessBy Lionel Laroche , Ph.D.Progress in telecommunications and transportation technologies has resulted in unprecedented growth in international trade in general and transatlantic trade (between the European Union and North America) in particular. As a result, Europeans and North Americans interact routinely to negotiate and implement business agreements. For North Americans and Europeans, doing business with one another is considered easier than doing business with the third major trading block, namely the Far East. Indeed, European Union and North American countries share common historical and religious roots; as a result, most North American people traveling through the European Union and most European people traveling through North America experience culture shock to a much lesser extent than North American or European people traveling through the Far East. Unfortunately, the apparent similarities between countries of the European Union and North America mask significant cultural differences. Business people from either side may be lured into a false sense of familiarity when they cross the Atlantic Ocean. Taking these cultural differences into consideration increases significantly the probability of success of one's professional endeavors.The weight and importance of history are very different depending on which side of the Atlantic Ocean you are. On the North American side, history is much shorter: the U.S.A. started its existence as a country in 1776, Canada in 1867. By contrast, the history of most European nations goes back much further in time. This difference translates in the business world in the amount of background information needed to introduce a company or project~. For most North Americans, events that took place more than three to five years ago are considered irrelevant to the current situation, and background information on a project is usually limited to the latest developments. By contrast, many Europeans go back much further in time and often start the description of their company or project at the conception stage, no matter how long ago that event took place. This often results in miscommunication during joint meetings where people from both sides make presentations: North American audiences often find European presentations uninteresting, because they contain much superfluous background information (by North American standards), while European audiences often find that North American presentations lack key background information, making these presentations difficult to follow.In North America, English is the language for business. The only significant exception is Quebec where, while many Quebecers speak both English and French, the exclusive use of English may create somedifficulties. In the European Union, while English is generally accepted as the international language of business, the ability to speak English is not ubiquitous. Furthermore, the ability to speak English is not uniform across generations. Indeed, the acceptance of English as the international language of business is relatively recent. As a result, you may find that, outside the British Isles, young Europeans speak and understand English much better than their older counterparts. This difference can create tension, particularly when these people come from countries where hierarchy is important (such as France, Italy, and Spain). In some cases, good cases may be rejected because senior decision-makers do not understand them and may not want to acknowledge their lack of understanding in front of their younger colleagues.Both the U.S.A and Canada were built on the assumption that land, energy and resources (such as water, minerals, wood, etc.) are always available. If there is not enough available where you are, go somewhere else (west, in most cases) and you will find it. In North America, energy, land and resources are considered available in virtually unlimited supply; the only commodity that is continuously in short supply is time. By contrast, space, energy and resources are all in visibly limited supply in Europe. The need to conserve them is always present in European minds, particularly those who have experienced the damages of World War II. This results in very significant business practice differences between theEuropean Union and North America: the size of cars and equipment (from refrigerators to office equipment), the use of lighting, the use and whiteness of paper (North American documents are often single-sided and contain much blank space, for example) are daily examples of this difference in approach. Similarly, North American businesses tend to prefer building new, flat buildings on large pieces of land rather than revamp existing buildings.One common oversimplification made by people on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean consists in viewing the other side as relatively homogeneous from a cultural standpoint. For example, with the notable exception of Quebec, many Europeans tend to view North America as a continuum, with little difference from one location to another. Similarly, many North Americans tend to think of Europe as the British Isles and the rest of the continent. Europe itself is very diverse, and the UK is culturally closer in many respects to the U.S.A. and to English Canada than to Italy or France. Similarly, there are major regional differences within North America: English Canadians and Americans hold very different values on many social issues (including guns, health care, and education). Within the U.S.A., there are significant differences between the Northeastern States, the South, the Midwest, and the Southwest.Cultural differences between North America and the European Union can be quite significant and need to be taken into considerationwhen doing business with people on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. It is also important to keep in mind that neither North America nor the European Union is culturally uniform entities: there are significant variations within each trading bloc, and very few generalities can be stated about one trading bloc versus the other. Furthermore, the differences between European and North American countries depend on the countries considered on each side of the Atlantic Ocean: for example, Swedes can tolerate significantly more risks and uncertainty than Americans, but French people need far more structure and rules than Americans.(980 words)。
高级英语阅读课后练习参考答案
Unit One Part I How “Average” People Excel课后练习I.Reading for Information1. A2. D3. C4. A5. B6. DII.Translation1.我进入寿险这一行，做得还算不错。
我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指认为一委员会委员。
一时间我吓得要命（我甚为诚惶诚恐）。
2.一般的成功人士为了将来的收获，甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。
反观诸多快速成功者，他们期望太多且渴望一蹴而就。
当回报不能立刻兑现时，他们就变得灰心丧气，愁苦不堪。
3.我一直在寻找那些有天赋、能自律的人。
然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。
我招募他们，激励他们，每当我们取得什么成绩，我与他们一起分享荣誉。
4.有一次，一场盛大的开幕典礼定于周末举行，而我们的大部分家具还在我们与批发商两地之间的卡车上，据这里有数天的车程，于是我们便到外边以零售价购买了价值5000美元的货品。
这样坐吞噬了我们大部分的利润，可我们不能让建筑商失望。
5.美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯可能被他貌似的平凡所击垮。
他出身贫寒，外表丑陋，然而却颇有建树，给世人眼中的“平凡予新的涵义和尊严。
III.SummaryA.1.set their sights high –– achieve their goals2.is little related to –– university-educated fast-trackers –– self-discipline3.overpowering ego –– bring out the best in people4.broaden their knowledge base5.stick with –– keep your wordPart II Success Lessons from Soccer课后练习1. F2. T3. F4. F5. TUnit Two Part I Negotiating for Mutual SatisfactionI.Reading for Information1. C2. B3. D4. A5. B6. CII.Translation1.等等！我不管谁把那块馅饼切成两块，但不论谁切，都得给另一方挑选的权力。
高级英语阅读考试题目及答案完整版
Reading 1: This is Water1. What’s the point of the fish story?The immediate point of the fish story is that the most obvious, ubiquitous, important realities are often the ones that are the hard est to see and talk about. 2. What is our natural default-setting, according to Wallace? Do you agree with him? If yes, give examples; if no, exampl es too, please.I am the absolute center of the universe, the real est, most vivid and important person in existence.Yes, I do. The worl d as you experience it is right there in front of you, or behind you, to the l eft or right of you, on your TV, or your monitor, or whatever. Other peopl e’s thoughts and feelings how to be communicated to you somehow, but your own are so immediate, urgent, real.3. Is it possibl e for us to adjust our natural default-setting? If yes, how? And by the way, why should we adjust it?A: Yes, it is. We shoul d pay attention to what’s going on insid e me and stay alert and attentive instead of getting hypnotized by the constant monologue insid e your own head. what’s more, we shoul d l earn how to Think and how to d ecid e.The reason why shoul d we adjust it is that thinking in the way of d efault-setting that we experience the boring, frustrating, crowed parts of adult life.B: Yes, it is. Learning how to think------Learning how to exercise some control over how and what you think. It means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience. If we d on’t adjust it, we will be total ly nosed.4. What does it mean by ‘learn ing how to think’? And what is the justifiable way to think?Learning how to think really means l earning how to exercise some control over how and what you think. It means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience.5. What is the meaning of college education? Do you agree? If yes, further explains please, if no, define your meaning of college education and further illustrate it.Coll ege education is that it enabl es my tend ency to over-intell ectualize stuff, to get l ost in abstract argument insid e our head instead of simply paying attention to what’s going on right in front of us.6. What did Wallace refer to as ' the work of choosing'?A:When you are going through petty, frustrating craps, you need to make a conscious choice of how to think and what to pay attention to.B：Make a conscious decision about how to think and what to pay attention to.7. What is the only True matter of the long, lonely 'day in and day out'?B：The only thing what’s capitally true is that you get to d ecid e how you are going to try to see it. You get to consciously decid e what has meaning and whatd oes not. You get to d ecide what to worship.8. Why did Wallace suggest the graduating seniors to worship some spiritual things instead of anything else, say money and power?An outstanding reason for choosing some sort of spiritual things to worship is that pretty much anything else you worship will eat you alive.9. How did Wallace define the real important freedom and if you would like to, please give your definition of freedom.The really important kind of freed om involves attention, awareness, discipline, effort, and being abl e truly abl e to care about other peopl e and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in my pretty little unsexy ways, every day.10. Finally, what is water?The most obvious, important realities are the hard est to see and talk about. Reading 2: Moon Landing Faked.1. Why pathological explanations cannot be sufficiently used to explain conspiracy theories?Because conspiracy theories are not just the implausibl e visions of a paranoid minority. There are so many peopl e coming to believe in it.并不是少数妄想狂的难以置信的幻觉。
高级英语阅读
Native Americans Speak Out on Warren DNA ControversyNative Americans across the United States have reacted with anger over the results of a DNA test that may support claims by Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren that she has Native ancestry.Warren, who has identified as indigenous for years, has repeatedly claimed Cherokee and Delaware Indian ancestry. Many have accused her of using the claim to advance her academic and political careers, though an investigation by the Boston Globe found that "Warren was viewed as a white woman by the hiring committees at every institution that employed her."Warren took the test after President Donald Trump repeatedly mocked her claims in speeches, calling her a "fake Pocahontas" and challenging her to take a DNA test.The report by Stanford University biochemist Carlos Bustamante found that Warren has mostly European ancestry, but may have had a Native American ancestor six to 10 generations ago."A DNA test is useless to determine tribal citizenship," Cherokee Nation Secretary of State Chuck Hoskin Jr. said. He explains that tribes have their own citizen requirements and that using a DNA test to claim connection to any tribe is inappropriate.Posts by Native Americans on social media reflect a weariness at having to repeatedly remind non-Natives that being Native has little to do with DNA. Kim TallBear, a professor at the University of Alberta, explains that "we have additional ideas about how to identify when one is Native American that aren’t really consistent with the way most Americans think."“If everyone with a drop of Native blood is able to claim to be indigenous without question, then it becomes a matter of race,” historian Ferris Kade wrote on his blog.Warren defended herself by saying that she does not claim the right to join any tribe, that she was simply trying to provide evidence for family stories regarding her ancestry, and that she was attempting to put a stop to Trump's criticisms.。
高考英语高难度阅读理解15篇(含详解)
高考英语高难度阅读理解15篇1.Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world. In rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertiser, hoping to sell their products.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.72. What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1?A. The exercise of rights is a luxury.B. The practice of choice is difficult.C. The right of choice is given but at a price.D. Choice and right exist at the same time.73. Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.C. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the rage of choice.74. By using computers as an example, the author wants to prove that .A. advanced products meet the needs of peopleB. products of the latest design fold the marketC. competitions are fierce in high-tech industryD. everyday goods need to be replaced often75. What is this passage mainly about?A. The variety of choices in modern society.B. The op inions on people’s right in different countriesC. The Problems about the availability of everyday goods.D. The helplessness in purchasing decisions2.I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt(被子)after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of one box. I pulled it out. “What is this?” I asked.“Oh?” Mom said, “That’s Mama’s quilt.”I spread the quilt. It looked at if a group of school children had pieced it together; irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.“Grandmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made.“Yes, right before she died. I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “I’m still working on it. See, this is what I’ve done so far.”I looked at it more closely. She had made straight a crooked line. At the center of the quilt, she had stitched(缝) a piece of cloth with these words: “My mother made many quilts. She didn’t get all lines st raight. But I think this is beautiful. I want to see it finished. Her last quilt.”“Ooh, this is so nice, Mom,” I said. It occurred to me that by completing my grandmother’s quilt, my mother was honoring her own mother. I realized, too, that I held in my hands a family treasure. It started with the loving hands of one woman, and continued with the loving hands of another.56. Why did the author go to mother’s home?A. To see her mother’s quilts.B. To help prepare for a show.C. To get together for the family dinner.D. To discuss her grandmother’s life.57. The author was surprised because .A. the quilt looked very strange.B. her grandmother liked the quilt.C. the quilt was the best she had seen.D. her mother had made some changes58. The underlined wood “crooked” in the passage most probably means .A. unfinishedB. brokenC. bentD. unusual59. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. A Quilt ShowB. Mother’s HomeC. A Monday DinnerD. Grandmother’s Quilt3. While all my classmates seen to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), I’d rather say Mars is totally unsuitab le for human existence. People won’t have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey won’t be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?Steve Minear, UKHere are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory…For scientists there is another rea son. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.Donal Trollop, CanadaThere are already too many people on the Earth. I think that sometime before the end of the century, there will be a human colony(殖民地)on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that tow-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space Flight is in the launches(发射) and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement on another world.Enough supplies can be sent on ahead. And every two years more supplies and more people will needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.Paul Davies. USA60. The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is .A. to report his classmates’ discussionB. to invite an answer to his questionC. to explain the natural state of MarsD. to show his agreement on going to Mars61. Wh ich of the following best states Donal Trollop’s idea?A. There is a plan to send humans to Mars.B. There are many reasons for going to Mars.C. Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars.D. It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.62. Paul Davies points out that .A. humans need only a one-way ticket to Mars.B. two-way trips to Mars will be made safe soonC. it is easy to reduce the danger and cost of flights to MarsD. it is cheap to build an everlasting human settlement on Mars63. What does Paul Davies think of human existence on Mars?A. Humans will have to bring all they need from the Earth.B. Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living.C. Humans can produce everything they need.D. Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars.4.Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about s specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption（消费）on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. T oday they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter haw famous the product’s origins is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial（最初的）attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty (忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face ever more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s （自我的）potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion-like celebrity – has always been temporary.69. Fashion magazines today ________.A. seldom put models on the coverB. no longer put models on the coverC. need not worry about celebrities’ market potentialD. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly70. A change in the consumer market can be found today that _______.A. price rather than brand name is more concernedB. producers prefer models to celebrities for achievementsC. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisementsD. quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned71. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly ______.A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his productsB. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general publicC. cut short the artistic careen of a celebrity in show businessD. influence the price of a celebrity’s products72. The passage is mainly about _______.A. celebrity and personal styleB. celebrity and market potentialC. celebrity and fashion designD. celebrity and clothing industry5.We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers ormagazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.48. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.A. doing a medical experimentB. solving a math problemC. visiting an exhibitionD. doing scientific reasoning49. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.A. active learningB. knowledgeC. communicationD. passive learning50. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.A. a message may be changed when being passed onB. a message should be delivered in different waysC. people may have problems with their sense of hearingD. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor51. What can we infer from the passage?A. Active learning is less important.B. Passive learning may not be reliable.C. Active learning occurs more frequently.D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.6. The literal meaning of philosophy is “love of wisdom”. But this meaning does not tell us very much. Unlike the other disciplines（学科）, philosophy cannot e defined by what you study ,because it is actually unlimited. Anything can be the subject matter of philosophy: are, history, law, language, literature, mathematics, and in fact, the other academic disciplines are directly related to philosophy. For this reason you get a Doctorate（博士学位）of Philosophy (Ph. D.) in biochemistry, or computer science, or psychology.Two broad sub-fields of philosophy are logic and the history of philosophy. Logic is the science of argument and eritical thinking. It provides sound methods for distinguishing good from bad reasoning .The history of philosophy involves the study of major philosophers and persuade in the development of philosophy.Of what use is philosophy? First it is useful in educational advancement. It is necessary for understanding other disciplines. Only philosophy questions the nature of the concepts used in a discipline, and its relating to other discomposes. And thought the study of philosophy, one develops sound methods of research and analysis that can be applied to any field.There are a number of general uses of philosophy. It strengthens one’s ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important form a large quality of data. These general uses are of great benefit in the career field, not necessarily for obtaining one’s first job after graduation, but for preparing for positions of responsibility, management and leadership later on. It is very short site after all, to take a course of studies only for the purpose of getting one’s first job. The useful skills developed thought the study of philosophy have significant long-term benefits in career advancement. No other discipline systematically follows the ideals of wisdom, leadership, and capacity to resolve human conflict.72. Accprdomg to Paragraph 1. Philosophy can best be described as the study of .A. social sciencesB. natural sciencesC. both social and natural sciencesD. the subject matter of politics73. With the study of philosophy, you can .A. become a great leaderB. succeed in everythingC. find a good job soon after graduationD. make progress in your career development74. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Philosophy is an independent discipline.B. Logic helps you to become a better thinker.C. The study of philosophy brings you immediate benefits.D. The meaning of philosophy is too limited to define.75.From the passage, we can concludeA. not all the subjects have to do with philosophyB. a person will get a Ph. D. if he/she studies philosophyC. philosophy can be helpful for the study of any other subjectsD. philosophy is the only solution to all the problems the world7.Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.60. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.A. depend on one sense in choosing foodB. are not satisfied with their foodC. choose food in similar waysD. eat entirely different food61. Which of the following eats only one type of food?A. The white butterfly.B. The small bird.C. The bear.D. The fox.62. Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.A. the season changesB. the food color changesC. they move to different placesD. they are attracted by different smells63. We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.A. food is chosen for a good reasonB. French and British food is goodC. some people have few choices of foodD. some people care little about healthy diet8.The flag, the most common symbol（象征）of a nation in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic meaning. the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive（原始的）artifact. It is , rather, the product of thousands of years’ development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connectionof the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable. Early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems(图腾) before carrying them into battle. They believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked: The king of China around 1000 B.C. was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routs through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.71．The best title for the passage would be .A．Development of the National Flag.B．Power of the National Flag.C．Types of FlagsD．Uses of Flags72．The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 means .A．impossible to make sure ofB．likely to be protectedC．easy to damageD．difficult to find73．The earliest flags were connected with heavenly power because .A．they could tell wind directionB．they could bring good luck to fightersC．they were handed down by the ancestorsD．they were believed to stand for natural forces74．What does the author know of the first national flag?A．He knows when it was sent to Europe.B．He believes it was made in Egypt.C．He thinks it came from China.D．He doubts where it started.75．What will the author most probably talk about next?A．The role of China in the spread of the national flag.B．The second ancestor of the national flagC．The use of modern flags in Europe.D．The importance of modern flags.9.PITTSBURGH –For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universiti es, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.“It just allows us to do something we’ve been able to do before,” Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.72. Which institution is respon sible for the development of Choset’s robots?A. Robotics Trends.B. Pittsburgh City Council.C. Carnegie Mellon University.D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.73. Choset believes that his invention ______.A. can be attached to an electronic armB. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanesC. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dogD. can sense its way no better than its operators74. By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots _____.A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane KatrinaB. would have been put to use in past rescue workC. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterdayD. were in greater need yesterday than today75. What is the text mainly about?A. Snake-like robots used in industries.B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.C. The development of snake-like robots.D. The working principles of snake-like robots.10.Attitude is an internal(内在的) state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual(个人). Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas: others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired(获得) throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can resu lt from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s able to complete so me of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification(修正) of attitudes. 52．According to the passage, attitudes __________.A．come from different situations in one’s lifeB．are largely affected by one’s behaviorC．remain unchanged in one’s daily lifeD．could be chosen according to one’s will53．The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show ______.A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticedB．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deedsC．particulars of a si tuation may influence an individual’s actionD．an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily54．Which of the following is TURE about the learning of attitudes?A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.B．Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.C．Copying others’ behavior is not a good idea.D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.55．What would be the best title for the passage?A．Differences of Attitudes.B．Nature of Attitude.C．Choices of Attitudes.D．Modification of Attitude.11. Susan Sontag (1933 -- 2004) was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything -- to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American cultural life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.Seriousness was one of Sontag's lifelong watchwords (格言), but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasures of pop culture. In "Notes on Camp", the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little-known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous. "Notes on Camp", she wrote, represents "a victory of 'form' over 'content', 'beauty' over 'morals'".By conviction (信念) she was a sensualist (感觉论者), but by nature she was a moralist (伦理学者), and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came。
高中英语阅读理解(优秀4篇)
高中英语阅读理解（优秀4篇）高中英语阅读理解篇一Of all the fish we catch in the world, we eat only three quarters of it. The rest goes to glue (胶水), soap, margarine (人造奶油), pet food and fertilizer.Fishermen usually freeze fish they catch at sea. Back in port, they defrost the fish, make the fish have no bones in it and sell it as fresh fish.Over ninety-five percent of fish caught is in the northern hemisphere. Thus, only about five percent of all fish caught is from south of the equator.The Japanese are the world champion fish eaters. They eat twice as much fish as the Scandinavians, and five times as much fish as the Americans.The Russian sturgeon (鲟鱼) is the most expensive fish in the world. The eggs of the sturgeon are called caviar.1. What do we do with the fish we catch in the world?A. We eat all the fish we catch.B. We use some of it to make pet food and fertilizer.C. We do not use 25% of it.D. We freeze all the fish we catch.2. We catch most fish ____ .A. south of the equatorB. on or just north of the equatorC. in the northern part of the earthD. in the southern hemisphere3. In the second paragraph, the word “defrost” means ____ .A. make the fish deadB. make the fish aliveC. make the fish become unfrozenD. make the fish clean4. Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?A. Americans eat five times as much fish as the Scandinavians.B. Scandinavians eat five times as much fish than the Americans.C. Japanese eat more fish only than the Americans and Scandinavians in the world.D. The Americans do not eat so much fish as the Japanese.高中英语阅读理解篇二Not long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things阅读理解答案Not long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does somethin the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings.One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant (怀孕的)woman. Then, they played a recording of a short story. On the day the baby was born, the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear thestory again and again.Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere ( 干预)unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the women for signs of depression.The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not sufferfrom depression. The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear.These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children. Children did ter when their mothers were caring, even when they suffered from depression.52.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the factor that influences intelligence development in babiesA. The environment.B. Mother#39;s sensitivity.C. Their peers (同龄人)D. Education before birth.53.What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the storiesA. To prove that babies can learn before they are born.B. To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are born.C. To show mothers can strongly influence intelligence development in their babies.D. To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies#39; language skills.54.Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skillsA. The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their children.B. The children of women who did not suffer from depression.C. The children of depressed but caring mothers.D. Children with high communication abilities.55.What is the main idea of the passageA. Scientific findings about how babies develop before birth.B. Scientific findings about how time has an effect on babies#39; intelligence.C. A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are rice or six months old.D. Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies.答案解析：【答案】52.C53.A54.A55.Dhere are some strange driving laws in different countries.完形填空答案here are some strange driving laws in different countries.CountriesLawsVietnamIf you’re in Vietnam without a Vietnamese driver’s license, you risk a prison sentence of up to three years.RussiaIn Moscow, if your car is dirty enough to draw dust art, you will be fined about 2,000 rubles (about US $55). Worse yet, it’s illegal to wash your car by hand in public places — forcing you to take it to one of the few car wash facilities.ThailandDrivers —male or female — can’t drive shirtless, whether it’s a car, a bus, or a tuk-tuk cab.FranceFrance requires its drivers to carry a portable breathalyzer(酒精测量仪) at all times when driving a car. The one-time breathalyzer cost around US$5, and if you don’t have one, you will be fined US$15.CyprusRaising your hands in the car can get you fined of US$35. The law states a driver can be fined if the person “is in an irregular position inside the car or raises his hand from the steering wheel unnecessarily.JapanPoliteness isn’t just the culture in Japan; it’s part of driving laws. Splashing a person by driving through a puddle(水坑) with your car will cost you over US$60. The country is also strict with its DUI(酒驾) laws — riding with or lending your car to a driver who gets caught drinking and driving can lead to a fine costing thousands of dollars.24. Where should you go to wash your car when you are in MoscowA. The car wash facilities.B. Any public placeC. Your homeD. The forest25. What can get you fined for in CyprusA. Forgetting to carry a portable breathalyzer.B. Not having a Cyprus driver’s license.C. Putting your hands above your head when you are driving.D. Driving without a shirt.26. If you are fined thousands of dollars in Japan, you may have been ____.A. in an irregular position in your carB. sitting in a car with a drunk driverC. splashing a person with mudD. impolite to other drivers27. This text can most likely be found in _______.A. a law documentB. a fashion magazineC. an international newspaperD. a column on interesting cultures答案解析：【答案解析】24. A。
高级英语阅读lesson5原文及翻译
When I awoke on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the news was brought to me of Hitler's invasio n of Russia. This changed conviction into certainty. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty a nd our policy lay. Nor indeed what to say. There only remained the task of composing it. I asked th at notice should immediately be given that I would broad-cast at 9 o' clock that night. Presently Ge neral Dill, who had hastened down from London, came into my bedroom with detailed news. The Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous front, had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields, and seemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violence . The Chief of the Imperial General Staff added, "I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes ."I spent the day composing my statement. There was not time to consult the War Cabinet, nor was i t necessary. I knew that we all felt the same on this issue. Mr. Eden, Lord Beaverbrook, and Sir Sta fford Cripps – he had left Moscow on the 10th – were also with me during the day.The following account of this Sunday at Chequers by my Private Secretary, Mr. Colville, who was on duty this weekend, may be of interest:"On Saturday, June 21, I went down to Chequers just before dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were staying. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German atta ck on Russia was now certain, and he thought that Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A. Hitler was, however, wrong and we should go all out to help Russia. Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.After dinner, when I was walking on the croquet lawn with Mr. Churchill, he reverted to this them e, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. Mr. Churchill replied, "Not at all. I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, a nd my life is much simplified thereby. It Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable re ference to the Devil in the House of Commons. 'I was awoken at 4 a. m. the following morning by a telephone message from the F. O. to the effect that Germany had attacked Russia. The P. M. had always said that he was never to be woken up for anything but Invasion (of England). I therefore postponed telling him till 8 am. His only commen t was, 'Tell the B.B.C. I will broadcast at 9 to – night. 'He began to prepare the speech at 11a. m., a nd except for luncheon（= lunch）, at which Sir Stafford Cripps, Lord Cranborne, and Lord Beaverbrook were present, he devoted the whole day to it… The speech was only ready at twenty minutes to nine."In this broadcast I said:"The Nazi regime is indistinguishable from the worst features of Communism. It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. It excels all forms of human wickednes s in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. No one has been a more consistent cons istent opponent of Communism than I have for the last twenty - five years. I will unsay no word t hat I have spoken about it. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding. Th e past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away. I see the Russian soldiers standin g on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from tim e immemorial . I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives pray - ah, yes, for there are times when all pray – for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existenc e is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maiden s laugh and children play. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machin e, with its clanking , heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries. I see also the dull, drilled, docile , brutish mass es of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. I see the German bombers an d fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they beli eve is an easier and a safer prey."Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, org anise, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind..."I have to declare the decision of His Majesty's Government - and I feel sure it is a decision in whi ch the great Dominions will in due concur – for we must speak out now at once, without a day'sdelay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of th e Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us – nothing. We will never parley; we will never nego tiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God's help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its pe oples from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe... That is our policy and that is our declaration. It follo ws therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people. We shall a ppeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the end...."This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. It is not for me to speak of the action of th e United States, but this I will say：if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or sl ackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mista ken. On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from hi s tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources."This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments which have allowed them selves to be struck down one by one, when by united action they could have saved themselves and saved the world from this tyranny. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitler's blood-lust an d the hateful appetites which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there wa s one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hope s that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air For ce from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalt y of his crimes. His invasion of Russia is no more than a penalty to an attempted invasion of the B ritish Isles. He hopes, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and th at he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may interve ne. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process ofdestroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then th e scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain – namely, t he subjugation P of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system."The Russian danger is therefore our danger, and the danger of the United States, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth ）and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe. Let us learn the l essons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with unit ed strength while life and power remain. "二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。
精选电大《高级英语阅读(1)》期末考试试题及答案
Section J Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow. (5 points each)A Short History of the Changing FamilyPast Definitions of FamilyALike the community, the family is a social institution. Long ago, human beings lived in loosely-related groups. Each group had a common ancestor. But for over a millennium * there have been two main types of families in the world: the extended form and the nuclear form. The extended family may include grandparents, parents, and childrcn-in other words, relatives living in the same house or close together on the same street or in the same area. In contrast, the nuclear family consists of only parents and their biological or adopted children. Because of the industrialization in the nineteenth century, the nuclear family became the most common family structure.BKinds of Families TodayToday there are many different kinds of families around the globe. Some people live in traditional families——that is to say. a stay-at-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two-paycheck families—that is. both parents work outside the home. There are many single-parent families； in other words, only a mother or a father lives with the children. Still others have adoptive or foster families (i. c. , ndults take care of children not biologically theirs) or blended families—in other words, divorced or widowed men and women marry again and live with the children from their previous* or earlier, marriages. Some kids have stepparents—that is, mothers or fathers related to them by marriage instead of biology. In other families, some youngsters under the age of ]8 have to take care of kids—either their own or their younger siblings. In different countries around the world»there are also same-sex partnerships—with or without children—childless marriages, unmarried live-in relationships^ communal living groups, and so on.The Early 20th CenturyWhat caused the structure of the family to change? Here is an example from the Western world. !n the early 1900s in the United States* the divorce rate began to rise, and the birthrate began to decline； in other words, couples stayed married for fewer years, and they had fewer children. Women often chose to get an education and take jobs outside the home. Decades later, the same things began to occur in other industrialized countries—and then developing countries of the world as well.DThe 1930s and 1940sThe decades of the 1930s and 1940s were difficult years in both industrialized and developing countries. Many families faced serious financial problems because the heads of households lost their jobs. During World War II (1939-1945) * millions of women had to take care of their homes and their children al one. Because so many men were at war, thousands of these “war widows"—that is to say, women whose husbands were away at war一had to go to work outside the home. Most women worked long hours at hard jobs. There weren't many "perfect families. " They had problems.EAfter World War IIDuring the next decade the situation changed in many places. There were fewer divorces• and people married at a younger age and had more children than in the previous generation. Men made enough money to support the family, so a mother seldom worked outside the home when her children were small. Children began living at home longer—that is, until an older age, usually after high school or even college. The traditional family was returning in the United States, it seemed—as in many other countries.FThe End of the 20th CenturyIn the years between 1960 or so and the end of the 20th century, however, there were 1020 many new changes in the structure of the family around the globe. From the 1960s to the 1990$, the divorce rate in the Western world greatly increased and the birthrate fell by half.The number of single-parent families rose, and the number of couples living together without marriage went up even more. At the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries• young adul ts of some economic classes started staying with their parents longer* marrying later, and having kids at an older age. if at ali.The Family of the FutureMany people today would like the traditional two-parent family back—that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for lifej they also think the man should support the family and the woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fail into this category. In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the singleparent household may become more typical than the traditional family in many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decide to have more children—or they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and living longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand* some people believe similar events happen again and again in history. If this is true* people may RO back to the traditional extended or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is change：in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and faster—and in more and more ways.Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B. C. or D. Write A, B. C or D on your Answer Sheet.1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to millennium, as it is used in Paragraph A?A.The past.B. A kind of family.C. A long period of time.D.Relatives living in the same house.10212.Which of the following is closest in meaning to two-pay check family, as it is used in Paragraph B?A. A type of family with two children who have jobs.B. A type of family in which both parents work outside the home.C. A type of family in which two or more generations live together.D. A type of family with biological or adopted children.3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to siblings ・as it is used in Paragraph B?A.Brothers or sisters.B.Husbands or wives.C.Sons or daughters.D.Parents or grandparents.4.Which of the following is closest in meaning to developing . as it is used in Paragraph C?A.With women in the workforce.ing decades later.C.Not industrialized.D.In decline.5.Which of the following is closest in meaning to World War II * as it is used in Paragraph D?A.Something that happened in the late 1930s and early 1940s.B.Something that happened in the early 1900s.C.Something that happened from the 1960s to the 1990s.D.Something that happened during the 10 years after the "war widows”.B] Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow. (3 points each)Biomctcorologists and Their ResearchWeather has a powerful impact on the physical world. It also affects people' s personalities. How do wc know about the effects of weather on people? We know from biometeorologists. These scientists study weather. They study how atmospheric conditions 1022affect human health and emotions. The word atmosphere means "the air around the earth."a Atmospheric conditions at a time or place" is a definition of the word weather. Some examples of theseconditions are sun, wind, rain, snow, humidity»and air pressure. The weather conditions of the atmosphere greatly influence people's health, thinking, and feelings.How Wind Can Affect HealthAll over the world♦ winds come down from high mountain areas. The winds fall fasterUKIU・ aiiu inc an wdinici aiiu uricr. ” not uv xy UMVUI IIIV iicaiiii effects of this kind of weather? According to biomctcorologists in Russia* powerful winds from the mountains increase the number of strokes. Also* sometimes strong southern winds blow north over Italy. During these times, researchers say, Italians have more heart attacks. People everywhere have bad headaches during times of forceful winds. And Japanese weather scientists say there is an increase in the number of asthma attacks.Possible Effects of Other Kinds of WeatherDo other kinds of weather influence physical health? Sudden temperature changes in winter are often associated with a cold or the flu. However, colds and flu probably increase because people are in close contact indoors in cold weather. Colds and flu may even lead to pneumonia. Other illnesses also increase during long periods of cold weather. In most places, diseases of the blood and heart attacks are more common in winter. But in some very hot and humid regions♦there are more heart attacks in summer. Many people have high blood pressure. In three out of four people, blood pressure falls in warm weather. But some people have lower blood pressure in the cool or cold times of the year.Weather and MoodThese forces of nature greatly affect people f s moods too. For many people, winter in the northernregions is very depressing. They eat and sleep a lot, bur they usually feel tired. They are nervous and can * t work well. They arc irritable. Biometeorologists even have a name for this condition. The name is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Scientists think the cause of this mood disorder is the long periods of darkness. Even during the day, it is 1023often cloudy or gray. What can people with SAD do about their moods? Naturally, they need more light! On bright days they feel better. But people don't work very well on sunny, hot, and humid days. The best weather for good work and thinking is cool and clear.Decide whether the following statements arc true or false. Write M T M for True and "F" for False on the Answer Sheet.6.Biometeorologists study human responses to academic lectures. A definition of weather is -places on the earth like mountains* countries, and communities.”7.During times of fast, strong winds from high mountain areas, there are more health problems like strokes, heart attacks* headaches, and asthma.8.Sudden winter temperature changes* long cold periods, or heat and humidity canbring illnesses like colds, flu, or pneumonia. 9. The atmosphere and weather don't affect people's moods. People in the northern regions just like to eat and sleep a lot. work bndly, and feel depressed all the time. 10. According to scientists, the cause of health problems and sad moods may be highereducation around the world! Section H New words (60 points) [A ] Questions 11—20Match each vocabulary word on the left with thv correct definition on the right. (3 points each) 11. dishonesta. v erified 12. vehiclesb. m any 13. preventc. t ourists14. requirements d. a test 15. proven e. n ot truthful 16. attend f. a method or way17. travelersnot allow 18. a quizh. n ecessary courses 19. (a) loti. c ars20. a style j* t o go to (a school)1024[B ] Questions 21—30Fill in the blanks with words from the box below. (3 points each) It's importnnt to be careful when using the Internet as a resource for medical information. Not everyone tells the truth. In fact, some 21 people make a lot of money by lying about their products. They make incredible 22 about their miracle 23 .They say that their remedies can help people with all kinds of different illnessesBut most of the things they say aren't 25to be true. Andsometimes« the 26 of their herbal remedies with prescription drugs can do a lot of97* ■■J, 4rVimportant medical 29 _________ with your doctor. Your doctor will help you decide which claims arc 30 .一 _____ a nd which are not accepted by the medical field.1025试卷代号：1353国家开放大学（中央广播电视大学）2018年秋季学期“开放本科”期末考试高级英语阅读（1）试题答题纸2019年I 月Section 1 Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow. (5 points each)座位号匚口A ； Questions 】-5Questions 21 — 30Fill in the blanks with words from the box below. (3 points each)21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.30.1027Section (I New Words (60 points)[X: Questions 11一试卷代号：1353国家开放大学(中央广播电视大学)2018年秋季学期“开放本科”期末考试高级英语阅读(1)试题答案及评分标准(供参考)2019年1月Section I Reading Comprehension (40 points)[A] Questions 1—5Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow. (5 points each)I. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A回Questions 6—10Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow. (3 points each)6. F7.T8. T9.F 10. FSection fl New Words(60 points)[A| Questions 11—20Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (3 points each) II. e 12. i 13. R14. h 15. a[B] Questions 21—30Fill in the blanks with words from the box below. (3 points each)2】.dishonest 22. claims 23. cures 24. diseases25. proven 26. combination 27. damage 28. patients29. decisions 30. valid1028。
新课标高英语阅读理解精选60篇
新课标高英语阅读理解精选60篇新课标高英语阅读理解精选60篇阅读理解ANearly all the tourists who come to southeast France make a tour to Monaco（摩纳哥）, too. Lying near the French-Italian border, Monaco is not part of France, but a separate principality （公国）, though it is surrounded by its greatest neighbour.Monaco became a principality in the 16th century after being owned by a family member of a certain Italian king. The French and Italians, however, soon came to “protect” it one after another, until 1861, when it became its own master again.Facing the blue Mediterranean（地中海）, Monaco is mainly made up of two cities, Monaco, where the palace of the prince （王子）stands, and Monte Carlo（蒙特卡洛）, which is a wonderful place for tourists. Every year, around half a million people from all parts of the world come to Monaco, nearly 25 times as much as its population.Believe it or not, Monaco has no soldiers or policemen of its own. Law and order is kept by French police, and French stands for it in its foreign affairs, even the money used in Monaco is franc, too.61. Monaco is _____________ .A. another name for Monte CarloB. mostly visited by French touristsC. surrounded by FranceD. more related to Italy than to France62. Which is the right order that tells the history of Monaco?a. owned by the Italiansb. became a principalityc. controlled by the Italiansd. became a principality againe. under the protection of FrenchA. a,b,c,d,eB. a,b,e,c,dC.a,b,c,e,dD. b,a,c,e,d63. Monaco has a population of _____________.A. over 20,000B. 20,000 or soC. more than 25,000D. no more than 20,00064. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The national income of Monaco depends mainly on France.B. Monaco is famous for having no soldiers or policemen of its own.C. Monaco does not have a seat in the UN because it is too small a country.D. Monte Carlo City seems more important for the existence of this principality.65. The Head of Monaco is ___________ .A. the KingB. the President of FranceC. a member of the royal family（王室）D. the EmperorB.London, the capital of England, is political, economic(经济) and commercial(商业) centre. It stands on the Thames, extending for nearly thirty miles from north to south and for nearly thirtymiles from east to west.London is divided into many administrative(行政) units. Greater London, the largest unit, cover 1,605 square miles. The heart of this unit is the City of London. It is surrounded by a ring of12 boroughs(行政区) called Inner London or Central London, covering 303 square miles, and itself, is again surrounded by a greater ring of 20 boroughs called Outer London with an area of 1,279 square miles. Thus, Greater London is made up of the City and 32 boroughs.66. According to the article, London ___________ .A. is only an economic centreB. exists on a riverC. covers more than thirty miles from west to eastD. is to the east of England67. The City of London covers ________ square miles.A. 1,605B. 303C. 23D. 90068. From this article, we can see that London _____________ .A. is made up of the City, the Central London and Outer London.B. is made up of Inner London and Outer LondonC. includes the City, 32 boroughs and some other unitsD. is smaller than Greater London in area69. Which is the best title of the article?A. Greater LondonB. The Importance of LondonC. The Boroughs of LondonD. LondonC.In the past ten years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer: The sexes(性别) are different, because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways.Boys, for example, generally are better than girls at mathematical ideas. Boys also generally are better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for ball sports. Girls, on the other hand generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally(通常) see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages.What makes men and women better at one thing or another? The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve(神经) tracks. The left side generally is used for mathematics, speech and writing. The right side is used for artistic creation(创造) and the expression for emotions(情感). In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it’s the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man’s brain are connected by a smaller nerves than the two sides of a woman’s brain are.70. Which of the following is best to outline(概括) the article?A. Research on the BrainB. Differences Between Men and WomenC. People’s Different BrainsD. Who Are Better, Boys or Girls71. ___________ men and women think differently.A. sex makesB. The different brains makeC. The different experiences makeD. The influences(影响) of society make72. According to the article, girls are generally better than boys at ________ in your school.A. mathematicsB. physicsC. EnglishD. Chemistry73. Which of the following is true?A. The left side of brain in boys generally develops better than that in girls.B. The left side of brain in girls generally develops better than that in boys.C. Men are better than women in all things.D. The area in girls used for language skills develops better.74 In men and women the number of nerves connecting the halves of brain________ .A. is the sameB. is differentC. is zeroD. can’t be found o utD.The national Weather Service eat Ryan Airport announced the following forecast(预报) Saturday night for baton Rouge and the surroundings.It will be partly cloudy through Monday with a chance of afternoon showers. High Sunday and Monday will be in the mid 80s. Winds will be southeasterly 10 to 15 miles per hour becoming smaller at night.Probability of rain will be 20 percent Sunday.On the coast, winds will be southeasterly 10 to 15 knots(海里). Seas will run 2-4 feet. Winds and seas will be 3 feet higher near a few thunder-showers.High tide(潮水) at 1 p.m., low tide at 12:24a.m. Record high for May 22 was 63 posted in 1965 and record low was recorded in 1954. Normally, temperature should change from 86 to 65 degrees.There will be scattered(分散的) afternoon thunder-showers Tuesday and over the west part of the state Thursday. Tuesday through Thursday, lows will be in the mid to upper 70s, with highs in the mid to upper 80s. High Saturday was 86, with a low of 65.75 This weather forecast probably appeared in a ____________.A. Saturday morning paperB. Sunday morning paperC. Sunday evening paperD. Monday morning paper76 This forecast predicts(预言) that __________.A. records will be brokenB. there will be no rain in the forecasted periodC. skies will be partly cloudy on Sunday and MondayD. temperatures will be lower than normal for the time of year.77 This forecast tells that winds _________.A. will be from south to westB. will reduce their speed when they join in thunder-showers at seaC. will reduce their speed at nightD. will be from a different direction on the coast than in the city78 The lowest recorded temperature for the date of theforecast was ___________.A. 65 degreesB.51 degreesC. in the upper 60sD. in the mid to upper 70s79 If one were planning to play an outdoor game during this period, he should ________.A. put off the game for better weatherB. plan the game for the afternoonC. plan the game for the morning hoursD. plan the game for the evening hours参考答案。
高级英语阅读
You'll 'Call the Shots' with These Leadership Idioms People often talk about leaders, whether it's their boss at work or the leader of their country. Here are some expressions you can use to describe leaders of all types!Good leaders "lead by example," meaning they act in a way that shows others how to act. For example, a boss who works harder than his employees is "leading by example." However, bad leaders use their power to "boss around" other people, or keep telling them whatto do.Being a leader means that you "call the shots," or make all of the important decisions. A good leader will look at the "bigger picture," or all of the facts about a situation, before making a decision, while a bad leader may act based on what they want or how they feel.Some people say that "power corrupts," meaning that good leaders often start to use their power in wrong ways. For example, a bad boss may "crack the whip" on their employees – that is, make them work too hard – or a politician may "rule with an iron fist" – that is, treat people in a very strict or mean way.Sometimes, too many people may try to lead when only one or few leaders are needed. An idiom that describes this situation is "too many chiefs, not enough Indians." This expression refers to the fact that Native American tribes often have a "chief," or leader, and if too many people try to lead a group, there won't be anyone in the group to lead!。
高级英语阅读
Doctors in US, Africa Work to Contain Future Ebola OutbreaksThousands of people died during the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, but as memories fade and concerns about future outbreaks of that magnitude subside, health care specialists say the danger is not completely over.While the worst affected countries – Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone –have been declared free of the deadly virus, there have been some minor flare-ups.“The virus can hang around in the bodies of people who’ve survived Ebola and can then be spread to other people and start new outbreaks… In fact there have been seven clusters of Ebola since the epidemic was controlled: three in Liberia, three in Sierra Leone and one that started in Guinea,” said Dr. Barb Marston of the Centers for Di sease Control and Prevention, director of the CDC’s office for Ebola-affected countries.Dr. Marston told VOA, “Our biggest focus in those three countries is on activities related to surveillance, laboratories and building human capacity. … Right now we have a team of between 50 and 60; that’s counting Americans who are permanently stationed in the three countries plus some locally employed staff and also some staff [from] CDC traveling there temporarily to assist.”Cooperation across bordersThis kind of cooperation has proven to be helpful in dealing with the latest minor outbreaks, says the CDC’s Liberia country director, Dr. Desmond Williams.“In March we had a case again in a remote part in Guinea. One of the contacts from that family moved down to the capital city of Liberia, Monrovia,” Dr. Williams said.“But because the two governments were ready this time, we were able to limit that outbreak to 13 infected people and nine people dead.”The number of health care workers in Liberia was already low befo re the epidemic, but the situation is worse now, since scores of medical staff died after contracting Ebola. Dr. Marston said health workers must feel safe at their workplaces, so they have to be able to protect themselves from the virus.Dr. Williams said another important lesson learned from the outbreak was the need to have community participation and support. He warns against the risks posed by bushmeat, meat from wild animals and birds, which was banned during the epidemic but is now back in the market place.Affected countries and organizations around the world dedicated unprecedented resources to combat the deadliest outbreak inhistory. But continuing watchfulness for new infections, efficient and rapid tracing of all of an infected patient’s contacts, and good laboratory science are some of the main factors that are key to successfully controlling future outbreaks.。
高级英语阅读
Photographer Takes Portraits Using 150-Year-old ProcessDuring the American Civil War, a number of soldiers had their portraits taken on the battlefield. The images, recorded on glass negatives called wet plates, provide an enduring record of the men who fought in the war between the northern Union and southern Confederate states. Since each wet plate needed a 5 to 20 second exposure, there are no action photos of the war.Today, reenactments on the battlefields keep the Civil War history alive. They date back to the time when veterans of the war recreated battles to remember their fallen comrades and to teach people about what happened.John Milleker, a Baltimore, Maryland photographer, travels to Civil War sites to take photos of Civil War reenactors — who really get into their role-playing. So does Milleker, who set up a tent on Antietam Battlefield similar to what Civil War photographers would have had in the field to develop images. Dressed in a white shirt, red vest and black jacket, his clothing was reminiscent of the era.Geoff White portrayed General George McClennan, who led Union troops at Antietam — the bloodiest one-day battle in the war. White, who resembles McClennan, primped to prepare for his portrait, which was taken with a 100 year old came ra, and a lens that “might have even been used in the Civil War,” said Milleker.White put his head up against a head brace that helped him remain motionless while the photo was taken.“That’s actually a direct cast of the brace that was used during the Ci vil War,” said Milleker.“Even today, even with the head brace, sometimes people can’t sit still or stand still for many seconds at a time.”After taking the photo, Milleker hurried to the tent to take the plate to a portable darkroom, a “dark box,” for de veloping. He has to do this quickly before the plate dries. “The problem is they are very susceptible to cold, heat, humidity, breeze,” he said. He uses the same chemical process as Civil War photographer Matthew Brady did. It includes cyanide, which makes the image emerge from the plate.。
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课程号
03835760
学分
2
英文名称
Advanced English Reading
先修课程
无
中文简介
本课程旨在培养学生的英语阅读能力，重点培养学生的英语思维能力及自主学习能力。本课程使用大量的阅读材料，以翻转课堂的形式让学生尽快掌握各种复杂的英语表达法，在学习英语语言的同时掌握英语思维方式，了解英语文化，让学生同时掌握英语语言、思想与文化，把英语作为一个有机整体来学习。本课程将利用校园教学网提供教学材料，设立论坛，方便课下师生互动。每周提供一份小测试卷，小测的内容涉及词汇、句子和课文理解单个部分，从批判性思维的角度出发引导学生把握英语文章的推理过程，让学生初步了解学术写作的基本要求和方法。前一周的小测，后一周课上讲解。课前要求预习课文，每周上4-6课。给学生提供课后阅读书目，引导学生课后扩展阅读。考试分期中、期末两次，期中占总成绩30%，期末占70%。期中闭卷，期末开卷考。
期末开卷考试，全英文答卷，考察的内容包括：词汇理解，句子改写，文章理解。
教学评估
苏勇：
开课院系
英语语言文学系
通选课领域
是否属于艺术与美育
否
平台课性质
平台课类型
授课语言
英文
教材
全新版《大学英语阅读》（高级本，第一版）3、4、5册,柯彦玢,上海外语教育出版社,2002；
无,
参考书
教学大纲
学生经过一个学期的学习，能顺利阅读语言难度较高、内容广泛、体裁多样的文章，理解其意义，领会作者的观点和态度；能借助词典阅读英语原版书籍和英语国家报刊杂志上的各类文章；能比较顺利地阅读与本人专业相关的英语综述性文献。
本教程以教育部《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》中的“因材施教，个性发展，重视应用”为原则。着重培养学生的阅读与批判性思维的能力。
每周2学时
采取课堂为引导，学生课下大量自主学习，课堂和课外师生互动等方式相结合的模式进行教学。
期中考试成绩占总成绩30%，期末考试占总成绩70%
期中考试闭卷，全英文答卷，考察内容包括钱半个学期课堂所学内容，包括词汇理解，改写句子s at developing students’ advanced reading and writing skills in English，cultivating their English way of thinking and enhancing their autonomous learning ability. With large amount of learning materials, this course, in the form of flipped class, teaches students by exposing them to as many complicated English expressions as possible and have them learn English language, thoughts and culture at the same time and learn English as an integrated whole rather than fragmentary knowledge for test. This course will set up forum and reading help on to facilitate student-teacher interaction. There will be a quiz each week, which is used to test students on vocabulary, sentence and text, with an effort to lead students to the discovery of the reasoning process of each text with the help of critical thinking and teach them some basic principles and skills of academic writing. The quiz will be commented in class. Preview of the texts is required, the workload for each week is 4 to 6 texts. A reading list will be provided, and wide reading after class encouraged. Students will be graded by two tests, the mid-term exam (closed-book exam 30%), and the final exam (open-book exam70%).