英语现代语言学名词解释

现代语言学

一绪论

1 Linguisitics : Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language

2 Phonetics : The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics.For example,vowels and consonants

3 Phonology” : The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.For example,phone,phoneme,and allophone.

4 Morphology :The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.For example,boy and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher.

5 Syntax : The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.For esample,”John like linguistics.”

6 Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example,:The seal could not be f ound.The zoo keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found,The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things.

7 Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.For example, “I do” The word do means different context.

8 Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics.For example,regional dialects,social variation in language.

9Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.

二音系学

1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics.

2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.

3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,some don’t.

4 Phoneme: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value.

5 allophone: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme.

6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in complementary distribution.

7 Minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segement which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair.

8 Stress: When a certain syllable of a word is stressed, it means that the syllable is prounced with great force than the other or others.

9 tones: Tones are pitch variation, which are caused by the different rates of vibration of the vocal cords. Pitch variations can distinguish meaning just like phoneme;