哈工大_液压传动大作业_组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

哈尔滨工业大学

液压传动大作业

设计说明书

设计题目卧式组合机床液压动力滑台机电工程学院班

设计者

2010 年 9 月 10 日

流体控制及自动化系

哈尔滨工业大学

液压传动大作业任务书

学生姓名班号

设计题目钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台

1.液压系统用途（包括工作环境和工作条件）及主要参数：

卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。切削阻力F=15kN，滑台自重G=22kN，平面导轨，静摩擦系数0.2，动摩擦系数0.1，快进/退速度5m/min，工进速度100mm/min，最大行程350mm，其中工进行程200mm，启动换向时间0.1s，液压缸机械效率0.9。

2.执行元件类型：液压油缸

3.液压系统名称：

钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

设计内容

1. 拟订液压系统原理图；

2. 选择系统所选用的液压元件及辅件；

3. 验算液压系统性能；

4. 编写上述1、2、3的计算说明书。

设计指导教师签字

教研室主任签字

年月日签发

目录

1 序言······················································- 1 -

2 设计的技术要求和设计参数 ··············- 2 -

3 工况分析 ··············································- 2 -3.1 确定执行元件 ···································- 2 -3.2 分析系统工况 ···································- 2 -3.3 负载循环图和速度循环图的绘制 ···-

4 -3.4 确定系统主要参数 ···························-

5 -

3.4.1 初选液压缸工作压力·································································- 5 -

3.4.2 确定液压缸主要尺寸·································································- 5 -

3.4.3 计算最大流量需求·····································································- 7 -3.5 拟定液压系统原理图 ·······················- 8 -

3.5.1 速度控制回路的选择·································································- 8 -

3.5.2 换向和速度换接回路的选择 ·····················································- 9 -

3.5.3 油源的选择和能耗控制···························································- 10 -

3.5.4 压力控制回路的选择·······························································- 11 -3.6 液压元件的选择 ·····························- 12 -

3.6.1 确定液压泵和电机规格···························································- 13 -

3.6.2 阀类元件和辅助元件的选择 ···················································- 14 -

3.6.3 油管的选择···············································································- 16 -

3.6.4 油箱的设计···············································································- 18 -3.7 液压系统性能的验算 ·····················- 19 -

3.7.1 回路压力损失验算···································································- 19 -

3.7.2 油液温升验算···········································································- 20 -

1 序言

作为一种高效率的专用机床，组合机床在大批、大量机械加工生产中应用广泛。本次课程设计将以组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计为例，介绍该组合机床液压系统的设计方法和设计步骤，其中包括组合机床动力滑台液压系统的工况分析、主要参数确定、液压系统原理图的拟定、液压元件的选择以及系统性能验算等。

组合机床是以通用部件为基础，配以按工件特定外形和加工工艺设计的专用部件和夹具而组成的半自动或自动专用机床。组合机床一般采用多轴、多刀、多工序、多面或多工位同时加工的方式，生产效率比通用机床高几倍至几十倍。组合机床兼有低成本和高效率的优点，在大批、大量生产中得到广泛应用，并可用以组成自动生产线。组合机床通常采用多轴、多刀、多面、多工位同时加工的方式，能完成钻、扩、铰、镗孔、攻丝、车、铣、磨削及其他精加工工序，生产效率比通用机床高几倍至几十倍。液压系统由于具有结构简单、动作灵活、操作方便、调速范围大、可无级连读调节等优点，在组合机床中得到了广泛应用。

液压系统在组合机床上主要是用于实现工作台的直线运动和回转运动，如图1所示，如果动力滑台要实现二次进给，则动力滑台要完成的动作循环通常包括：原位停止快进I工进II工进死挡铁停留快退原位停止。

图1 组合机床动力滑台工作循环