中考冠词讲解(含练习)

重点语法

一、冠词

定义：冠词是虚词，放在名词前，用来说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词，定冠词和零冠词。考点一、不定冠词（a/ an）

1、a、an是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目的观念。

2、必背：一般情况下a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的字母前。特例：

a：a useful book, a European country, a one-month holiday

an: an honest boy, an hour, an ugly girl, an eight/ eleven-year-old boy, an 8/11-year-old boy

以-uni开头的单词前常用冠词-a，university, unit

以-un开头的单词常用-an，uncle，unusual

与a连用的字母：B,C,D,G, J, K, P, Q, T, U, V, W, Y, Z

与an连用的字母：A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X

注意：判断一个词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头，要根据读音，而不是字母。

3、用法

1)用于可数名词单数前，表示某一种类。A student must obey the school rules.

2)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。A girl is looking for you.

3)用于第一次提到的人或物前。There is a man swimming in the river.

4)表示“计量”，指单位、价格、速度等，意为“每一个”。

The medicine is to be taken three times a day.

5)用于某些抽象名词前，表示一阵、一场、一次等。

There was a heavy snow yesterday.

The meeting was a real success.

6)惯用词组

for a while have a good time all of a sudden

in a hurry tell a lie make a living

once in a while a knowledge of do sb a favour

4、特殊用法

1)a/an+形容词比较级，表示“更…的”

a/an+形容词最高级(无比较含义)

This book is too expensive for me. I want a cheaper one.

It is a most useful book. (most=very)

2)a/an+序数词(不表示顺序)

Can you give me a second chance, please?

3)a/an+有些抽象名词

He has a good knowledge of history.

China has a history of more than 5000 years.

4)表示“同一个，同一类”

The two boys are of an age.

These shoes are of a color and size.

考点二、定冠词（the）

1、表示特指的人或事物，可与单数或复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。

2、用法：

1)特指上文已提到过的人或事物。

I have a new book. The book is about the sea.

2)用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或物，如：发明物前

The telephone is a most useful invention in human history.

3)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。

the Earth the sea the sky

4)用在形容词最高级、序数词及only前。

The Nile is the longest river in the world.

5)用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the Great Wall the Yellow River

6)用于形容词前表示一类人或物。

the old the young the dead the rich the poor

7)用于公共机构或为大众服务的设施前。

go to the theater/cinema

8)用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。

The Greens are watching TV now.

9)表示某世纪某年代。

in the 1980’s

10)用在江河、海洋、海峡、群岛、山脉等专有名词前。

the Yangtze River the Atlantic the Xisha Islands西沙群岛

11)用在西洋乐器前，但中国民族乐器前不用冠词。

play the piano/ violin/ guitar play Erhu

12)用在国名的全称和缩写前。

the PRC the USA the UK

13)用于固定词组中

in the morning in the end on the whole on the right/left all over the country the other day the next morning at the same time On the other hand in the distance at the moment

3、特殊用法

1)表示语言类名词后，若有language，前面需加the。

English=the English language French=the French language

2)the+比较级，表示“二者中比较…的一个”

I like the bigger of the two rooms.

3)the+计量单位名词

Pencils are sold by the dozen.

I rented the house by the month.

You can hire the car by the hour.

4)句型“动词+人+介词+the+身体部位”

take sb by the arm

pat sb on the shoulder

strike sb in the face

hit sb on the head

pull/shake sb by the hand

seize sb by the sleeve

考点三、零冠词

用法：

1)在地名、国家名称、公共设施以及主要建筑物前不用冠词。

Beijing China Zhongshan Park Zhongshan Square

2)复数名词和不可数名词前不加冠词表示泛指。

Camels are very useful animals in the desert.

Do you often listen to light music?

3)学科、语言前不加。