高中定语从句精讲
高二英语定语从句知识精讲
高二英语定语从句【本讲主要内容】1. 定语从句的简化表达:V-ing〔doing〕;V-ed〔done〕;being done; to be done形式做定语。
2. to do放在名词后面做定语3. 在动词后面接doing还是to do【知识总结归纳】一. 某些定语从句的简化表达:请看下面几个定语从句:1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明:以上的定语从句局部可以用更加简单的形式表达出来:1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用doing短语,done短语,being done短语,to be done短语修饰。
其结构和意思如下:1.被修饰名词+doing短语:正在做….的人/正在发生的事。
2.被修饰名词+ done短语:被…..的人/事3.被修饰名词+being done短语:正在被…..的人/事4.被修饰名词+ to be done短语:将要被…..的人/事例句:〔1〕the boys playing in the garden〔2〕jobs wanted〔3〕a doll given by my aunt〔4〕Do you know the man talking to my sister ?〔5〕He was a short man, walking with a disproportionately long stride, which cause him to roll like a lugger making into a head wind.〔6〕Did you see that car being repaired ?〔7〕In Europe there are very few wooden houses being built today.〔8〕In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.〔9〕The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.〔10〕Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.〔11〕The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river〞runs across China like a huge dragon.〔12〕No computer so far built can have the same ability as human brains.总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语。
完整)高中定语从句详细讲解
完整)高中定语从句详细讲解高中定语从句详细讲解定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,而引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that。
which。
who。
whom。
whose。
as等;关系副词有when。
where。
why等。
关系词通常有三个作用:引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如,句子“The man who is XXX.”中,“who”是引导定语从句的关系代词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
因此,定语从句的作用是修饰先行词the man,进一步说明他是一位警察。
关系代词中,who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例如,“XXX Class One.”表示正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
例如,“Mr Liu is theperson ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.”表示XXX就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
总之,定语从句是英语语法中的重要部分,掌握好定语从句的用法和关系词的选择,对于提高英语语言水平和应试能力都有很大的帮助。
The professor you were waiting for has arrived。
The girl who is often praised by the teacher is our class monitor.The man you just met is my old friend.XXX is a sport that most boys like。
The computer XXX.XXX。
The house by the XXX.This is the pen he XXX。
The movie they watched last night was not XXX.The number of people who visit this city each year reaches one n.Where is the man I saw this morning?The XXX me to is very kind.Summer is the season that comes after spring.XXX。
高中定语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解一.基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定*定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend.ineedapenwithwhichicanwritealetter.=ineedapieceofpaperonwhichicanwritealetter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:theman(who/whom/that)italkedaboutatthemeetingisfromb eijinguniversity.=themanaboutwhomitalkedatthemeetingisfrombeijingunive rsity.thepalace(which/that)ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcen tury.=thepalacetowhichioftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.﹙2﹚非限定*定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句。
高中定语从句全面详细讲解
高中定语从句全面详细讲解高中定语从句详细讲解一、定义及相关术语定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,通常紧跟在先行词之后。
先行词是被定语从句修饰的词,而引导定语从句的词叫做关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that。
which。
who。
whom。
whose。
as等;关系副词有when。
where。
why 等。
关系词有三个作用:引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is XXX。
这句话中,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:XXX are from Class One。
正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 XXX。
想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
XXX I helped an old man who had lost his way。
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the XXX。
那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
例如:Mr。
Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus。
XXX就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。
XXX正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come。
你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl who is often praised by the teacher is our monitor。
She is a responsible and diligent student who always sets a good example for the rest of the class.The man you just met is my old friend。
高中英语定语从句详细讲解
高中英语定语从句详细讲解定语从句基本概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2 定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that ,which ,who (宾格whom,所有格whose ),as 等。
关系副词包括where ,when ,why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
3 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
例如:Any man that / who has a sense of duty won' t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
例如:The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的.注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that 。
4 关系代词的用法that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that 作主语)The coat (that )I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that 作宾语)which 用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
高中定语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解一、什么是定语从句?定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对名词或代词进行进一步的说明或限制。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 引导关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as, when, where等。
例句1:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.这本书是我从图书馆借来的,非常有趣。
例句2:The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
例句3:I don't know the reason why he didn't come to the party.我不知道他为什么没来参加派对的原因。
三、关系副词引导的定语从句1. 引导关系副词有:when, where, why, how等。
例句4:This is the school where I studied last year.这是我去年学习的学校。
例句5:I will never forget the day when we met for the first time.我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
四、关系代词和关系副词的用法区别1. 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,而关系副词则在定语从句中充当状语。
例句6:The girl who/that is standing there is my sister.(关系代词作主语)站在那里的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
例句7:I still remember the day when/that we went on a trip together.(关系副词作状语)我仍然记得我们一起去旅行的那一天。
五、关系代词的省略1. 当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语,并且在主句中有明确的宾语时,可以省略关系代词。
(word完整版)高中定语从句全面详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解一: 定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有以下三个作用: A 、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the man ,“ who〞是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the man ,在定语从句中作主语。
二:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上:不用逗号“,〞与主句隔开。
意义上:是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句那么失去意义或意思表达不完整。
译法上:译成先行词的定语:“...的〞关系词的使用上: A .作宾语时可省略 B .可用 that C .可用 who 代替 whom非限制性定语从句形式上:用逗号“,〞与主句隔开。
意义上:只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上:通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上: A .不可省略 B .不用 that C.不可用who 代替 whom限制性定语从句举例:The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
非限制性定语从句举例:His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他,对他要求很严格。
高中定语从句语法讲解 优质课件
从句结构不完整,缺成分!用关系代词!
先行词+关系词+句子 定语从句的结构
关系代词
人:who whom that 物:which that xx的:whose
I like those books whose topics are about history.
先行词是物,关系代词作从句的定语, 译为“....的”,在这里是“书的(主题)”。
12. I’ll never forget the day _w_h_e_n_ she won the game.
Summary and Homework
listen to the music and find out all attributive clause:
#1 My Love -Westlife #2 Rhythm of the Rain - The Cascades #3 Valder Fields - Tamas Wells #4 All Too Well - Taylor Swift
I came to the city where you live.
①找出句中的先行词(时间/地点/原因),关系词和从句, ②判断从句结构是否完整。
I came to the city where you live. I will never forget the autumn when I met Tom. Tell me the reason why you like math!
This is the place that/whic(h we visited last time.)
从句缺少宾语,关系代词在从句中作宾语
This is the place where(we visited my grandparents last time.) 从句不缺少句子成分
高考英语 定语从句知识点归纳讲解(课件)
试卷讲评课件
▲ as通常以the same … as或such … as的形式引导定语从句,as在定 语从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容,which译为“这”, as 译为“正如”。但定语从句位于句首时只能用as。As we all know,…/As is known to all,…(正如大家所知道….)
二、定语从句的关系词用法
试卷讲评课件
(一)关系代词:who、whom、which、that、whose、as
关系代词 who whom whose which that as
先行词 人 人
人/物 物
人/物 人/物
在从句中充当的成分 主语、宾语、表语
宾语 定语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语、表语
三、非限制性定语从句
试卷讲评课件
非限定性定语从句,从句式上看,有逗号隔开。它既可以修饰先行词, 也可修饰整个句子。它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、 说明的作用。 1.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that 2. 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。例如: I had told them the reason,for which I didn't attend the meeting. 3. 非限制性定语从句置于句首时,不能用which引导。关系代词as引导 非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放主句前,也可以放主句后。
Tranquil/ˈtræŋkwəl/
试卷讲评课件
Li Shangyin(李商隐) 1.Li Shangyin was a Chinese poet of the late Tang Dynasty and born in Henei. 2.Li Shangyin was a typical late Tang poet. His works are sensuous, dense and allusive. 3.His most famous and cryptic poem is called Jin Se. sensuous/ˈsenʃuəs/ , dense/dens/ and allusive/əˈluːʒən/ .敏感、晦涩、含 沙射影。 Shangguan Wan'er(上官婉儿) 1. Shangguan Wan'er was a talented woman in Tang dynasty.
高中定语从句课件详解条理清晰.ppt
需要了解的概念
先行词: 定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词 通常是由名词或代词充当 They are the boys who you like to play with. Friends are those who make you smile, always share your happiness and sorrows.
• ①Such teachers as know Tom think him bright. 先行词为人such teachers, as作主 语
在非限定性定语从句中:as可以作为关系代 词引导非限定性定语从句时,as是指全句: 也就是说,将整个主句看成一件事或是一 个事实;并对其进行补充、说明。这种非 限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也 可以放在主句之后。
例如:
As的用法
• as引导的定语从句修饰表人或物的先行词, 即先行词可以是人也可以是物;在定语从 句中可以做主语、宾语或表语;常用于the same…as…/such…as…/as(so)…as…句 型,as不论在定语从句中作何成分,均不 能省略。
• 有许多声音有意义但不是词。
• Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class.
• 如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:
• tell him to go to the classroom. We often have our English class in the classroom.
只用that的情况
一:先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时,例如: Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy. 任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。 There must be something that happened to you . 你一定出了什么事。 They had nothing that could cure of his disease . 他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。
高中英语高考复习定语从句知识精讲(附练习题)
高考英语定语从句知识精讲一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语;which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略);who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略);whom 指人在从句中作宾语(作宾语时可以省略);whose 指人或物在从句中作定语;as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语;注意:指物时,whose+名词 = the+名词+of which 或 of which + the +名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as; the same…as;注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which 代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为 all, much, everything, nothing, something, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
高考英语定语从句高频考点精讲
高考英语定语从句高频考点精讲定语从句的构成先行词+引导词+从句如何选择引导词:根据先行词在从句中所担任的成分来选择引导词。
考点一、定语从句的基本句式考点二、限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
1. 逗号的使用2. That的使用.3. 做宾语指人who/whom4. 先行词所指的对象5. 引导词做宾语省/不省6. 翻译考点三、只用that 与不用which的情况(一)只用that的情况(1)先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时或由不定代词修饰时。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。
(4)先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。
Eg:He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.I'm unwilling to say goodbye to everyone and everything I am familiar.(5)先行词为数词时。
Eg:Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.(6)如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,第二个定语从句用that。
Eg:①They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.②他们爬到山顶,山顶上有一个追溯于明朝的寺院(7)以which作主语开头的特殊问句中的定语从句用that。
Eg:Which is the bus that you will take?(8)先行词在定语从句中作表语时,用that引导。
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高中定语从句精讲老师叮咛:李辉老师说,学任何东西先要把一些概念说清楚——正名的过程“名不正则言不顺”做任何一门学问,要知道这里头的概念说的是什么意思——这就是所谓的“正名”。
无论学习什么,必须先搞定定义,明白我们要学习的是什么。
下面有关定语从句的内容非常重要,希望你可以学会。
经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真地整理校对、无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、背诵!1.什么是定语从句(attributive clause)?定语从句从字面上看就是指在句中充当定语的句子。
著名语法学家薄冰解释为,定语从句在句中作定语用,修饰句中的某一名词或代词。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
一般说来,定语从句紧跟在所修饰的先行词之后。
Eg:I don’t like the book(先行词)that I bought yesterday(定语从句).2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:根据定语从句和先行词的语义关系把定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句与主句关系非常密切,通常没有逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句在句中不可缺少,否则主句的意义将不完整。
非限制性定语从句与主句关系较为松散,它只是对先行词的附加说明,即使省去也不影响主句的意义。
例如:Eg:1)This is the best film that I have ever seen. (限制性定语从句)2)Last night I saw a very good film, which was about robots. ( 非限制性定语从句)3.定语从句的关系词:定语从句的关系词按功能分为两类,一类为关系代词,在从句中充当主语和宾语;一类是关系副词,在从句中充当状语。
详见以下思维导图:↗which : 指物,在从句中可充当主语和宾语↗that : 既可指人也可指物,成分同上↗关系代词→who : 主格,指人,在从句中可充当主语↘whom : 宾格,指人,在从句中可充当宾语定语从句关系词↘whose : 所有格,既可指人也可指物,充当从句中定语,指人有时也用of whom, 指物时也可用of which↗when : 在从句中充当时间状语↘关系副词↘where : 在从句中充当地点状语4.选择关系词的诀窍:通常来说,选择关系词的诀窍是:1)判断是否为定语从句A.定语从句一定要有先行词,否则不是定语从句,例如,Put the book where it is. 在此where引导的是地点状语从句,因为它没有指定地点的先行词,所以不是定语从句。
但很多同学会用in which来代替where, 是错把此句当定语从句看。
试比较:Put the book to the place where it belongs.(此句where引导的定语从句修饰先行词the place)B.定语从句为主从复合句,切莫把并列句当定语从句而使用关系词。
例如:Many students got high marks this time, but only few of______are boys.a. whob. whomc. themd. which许多学生错选择答案b. whom。
为什么呢?错误在于此句有并列连词but,因此应选择答案c. them。
试比较:Many students got high marks this time, only few of whom are boys.2)找出从句中缺少什么成分,再判断是指人还是指物,或指时间还是地点,据此以选择关系词,如:A.This is the place where I once worked for five years.B.This is the place that I visited a few days ago.A句用where是因为结合先行词来看从句缺少地点状语,而B句用that是因为结合先行词来看从句缺少指物的宾语。
3)有时也可采取这样的办法,即把从句和先行词连接起来,如果可连接且不缺任何成分,则选关系代词;如果不可直接连接而需补充其它词,则用关系副词,如:A.I will never forget the days when we played and studied together.B.I will never forget the days that we spent together.A句用when,是因为当我们把从句和先行词the days连接时,必须加上介词on方能连接。
例如:We played and studied together on the days.这里的the day前面就要用介词on。
B句用that,是因为从句和先行词the days可以直接连接,而不需补充任何词。
例如:We spent the days together.5.特殊关系词引导的定语从句1)关系代词as关系代词as通常用在如下一些句型中:A.As is known to all/As you know , paper was first made in China. (as在从句中作宾语,指代整个主句的含义,有“正如---”之意)比较:It is known to all/You know that paper was first made in China.注意:which也有类似用法,然而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首,而as引导的定语从句可以放在句首,也可在句末。
例如:Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________, of course , made the others unhappy.a.who b.which c.this d.what (本题为2000年高考题,选b)B.I have the same trouble as you have.不过,当先行词被same修饰,且指“同一物品”时要用that。
例如:She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.C.He is such a kind person as is always ready to help others.2)关系副词why关系副词why(可由for which替代)通常跟在先行词the reason后引导定语从句,表示“---的原因”。
例如:The reason why he was late is that he helped an old man on his way to school.注意比较:The reason that he gave to the teacher is unreasonable.二者的区别。
6.指物时特定条件下which和that的选择:有些场合我们宜用关系代词that,这些场合有:1)先行词由序数词和形容词最高级修饰时,例如:This is the first novel that I have ever read.This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.2)先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little等不定代词时,例如:All that I need is a good rest. (that在此为从句宾语,可省略)注意比较:What I need is a good rest.不过:something后关系代词用that和which均可。
3)当先行词有the only, the last, the very修饰时关系代词用that,例如:This is the only thing that I want to do now.This is the very book that interests me.This is the last thing that I will do.4)当先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用that,例如:I like the books and the authors that our teacher introduced to us this morning.5)当先行词为疑问代词who,或在who疑问句中时,关系代词用that,例如:Who that has common sense will do such a thing?Who is the girl that got the first prize in the competition?6)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时用that。
例如:This is no longer the place that it used to be。
He is not the man that he was.7) 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时,需用that。
如:A plane is a machine that can fly.有些场合宜用关系代词which,例如:1)限制性定语从句中指物时关系代词用which,例如:They have gone to Beijing, which is the capital city of China.2)作介词的宾语并紧跟在其后使用which,The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.注意比较:The ladder which/that I was standing on began to slip.还要注意:当介词为与动词构成的固定短语时介词不可放在关系代词前,例如:This is the book that I have been looking for.不可以说成,This is the book for which I have been looking.3)作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who,例如:A.The class, which is winning, is Class One, Grade Two.B.The class, who are all trying their best to do good deeds today, is in the charge of Mr.Zheng.7.避免从句中出现与关系代词意义重复的词:要对学生强调关系词本身在从句中充当一定的成分,而避免出现重复词。
常见错误:1)The book which you want to buy it is sold out. (which指代the book,it为重复词)2)The house where he lives in is very large.(where指代in the house, in为重复词)8.如何区分定语从句与同位语从句:许多学生容易混淆that引导的定语从句和that引导的同位语从句。