非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形
非谓语之动词不定式用法详解
动词不定式的用法二、动词不定式充当的句子成分不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
（一）、作主语：1、不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作；动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。
如：To swim today is a good idea Eating too much is bad for your health.2、不定式作主语时，常可以用it 作形式主语，而将真正的不定式主语后置。
但要熟记以下使用动名词作主语的句型：常用动名词作主语的句型有：It is/was +There is/was +更糟糕的）注意：There is no need for sb to do sth.2. 一般情况下，不定式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如：To see is to believe.3. 当主语为不定式时，表语也用不定式来表示一致性。
如：To see is to believe.（二）、作宾语1、不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。
如：Tom likes playing football, but he likes to play basketball today.但需要牢记以下的动词只使用v-ing 为宾语：avoid, miss, delay / postpone, suggest / advise, finish, practice, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist, admit, deny, envy, escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse, keep / keep on, stand, mind;有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语,如：decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, manage, refuse, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, wait, happen, afford, fail, threaten;有些动词短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语,如：lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to，be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to，object to，get to/be used to（习惯于），prefer…to…, can't stand（忍不住），give up，insist on，keep（on），put off，be worth，be/keep busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem（in），feel/look/seem like，set about，depend on，prevent sb. from，succeed in, thank you for, apologize for；有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语，又可以接动名词作宾语，如：continue，begin，start，prefer，like，love，hate，forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try，need, require, want 等。
非谓语动词讲解(超全)
非谓语动词非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分指出下列句子中非谓语动词的成分1，To see is to believe. 2, It is right to give up smoking.3, He wanted to go 4, I find it interesting to study English.5, He asked me to do the work with him. 6, I have some books for you to read.7, I came here to see you. 8, We were very excited to hear the news.9,Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job. 10, It is no use arguing with him.11, Her job is teaching . 12.He had his clothes washed.13,We saw the teacher making the experiment. 14,The man standing by the window is our teacher.15,The excited people rushed into the building. 16,Being a student, I must study hard.17,The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 18,The news is inspiring.非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解定义动词不定式与动名词,分词一样是动词的一种非谓语形式,它与动词原形同行,但它前面一般带有一个不定式的符号“to”，我们为了把它与介词的to 区别开来,也叫它小品词，它只是一个符号，没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to 。
形式1. 不定式作名词的用法不定式在句子中的作用有时和名词相同,在句子中可以当主语，表语,宾语. it 作形式主语而将真正的主语（不定式短语)放在谓语之后。
例如：例2可变为It is important to obey the laws.例3可变为It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 常见的带形式主语it 的句型有：句型一：＊It is easy (difficult ， hard, important ， right ， wrong, possible, impossible, necessary ， unnecessary, foolish ， wise, kind ， cruel ， nice…) to do …句型二：It is a pleasure (pity ， pleasant thing, crime, an honor… ) to do sth. 句型三:It takes （sb 。
） some time to do sth 。
花了某人一些时间去做某事 在句型一中我们常用for sb.或of sb 。
来做不定式的逻辑主语.但是什么情况下用for 或of ，主要从以下两个方面来区别： 1两者所使用的形容词不同a.for sb 。
的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。
如easy, difficult, hard ， important, possible, impossible ， necessary ， unnecessary, interesting 等。
·It is important for us to express our opinions 。
动词的非谓语动词形式讲解
动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。
(1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。
(2)动词不定式：①形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。
它的否定形式只要在“to”前面加上“not”。
它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。
*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。
*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。
②动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。
动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
③动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。
但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)④动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。
[A] 及物动词+不定式一般形式：谓语动词(vt.) +不定式(作宾语)[说明]want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / wouldlike(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) /learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) /fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望)+ to (do)(无)help(帮助) to可以省略begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨)也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱)也可跟动名词,意义变化较大to have a rest began to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门[比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) /Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)[B] 及物动词+疑问词+不定式：谓语动词(vt.) +wh-疑问词+不定式(作宾语) [说明]tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学会) /whatwhere+ how + to (do)who不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨) which……语、表语等。
英语语法专题讲座-非谓语动词 不定式表被动与独立主格
• I don't want there to be any more trouble. 我不希望再产生麻烦。 • It's too late for there to be any taxis. 太晚 了，没有出租车了。
• We are in need of tutors to teach the children. （主谓关系） • He is a pleasant person to work with. • （动宾关系） • The boy had an impulse to jump over the fence（同位关系） • He gave me an hour to make my decision. • （动状关系）
五、动词不定式作定语
• 不定式可以放在名词和代词后面作定语。不定式 作定语与被修饰的中心名词之间常表现为主谓关 系、动宾关系、同位关系或动状关系。常见的这 部分名词有：ability，failure，refusal， agreement，intention，reluctance（勉强）， ambition（志向），hope，resolution，anxiety， need，tendency（趋势），attempt，plan， threat，claim（声称），promise，willingness， decision，readiness（乐意），wish， determination（决心）等。例如： • We are in need of tutors to teach the children.
• it在think，find，consider等动词后可变成形 式宾语。例如： • I think it difficult to adapt myself to the new situation. • 我认为我很难适应新形势。
易错点08 非谓语动词之动词不定式(解析版)
易错点08非谓语动词之动词不定式在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形” 构成，有时to省略，直接由动词原形构成。
否定式由“not to+动词原形”构成。
如：We decided to go on hiking though we were tired. 虽然我们很累，但是我们决定继续远足。
The girl tried not to wake up her mother. 这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。
动词不定式作宾语（1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+to do” 结构）常见的有：learn 学会plan 计划decide 决定try 尽力choose 选择agree 同意refuse 拒绝pretend 假装offer 主动would like / want 想要expect 期望hope / wish 希望promise 承诺afford 负担得起prefer 喜欢help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing)continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing)如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。
（2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。
如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。
（3）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。
非谓语动词-不定式
非谓语动词-不定式一．动词不定式：不定式具有n 、adj、adv的特征,可作除谓语外任何句子成分。
否定式：not to do .（一）主动被动一般式：to do to be done进行式：to be doing /完成式：to have done to have been done完成进行式：to have been doing /例句：1. He seems to know a lot. （to do所表动作与谓语动词同时或之后发生）2. The boy pretended to be working hard. （谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，to be doing所表动作正在发生）3. I happened to have seen the film.（to have done所表动作发生在谓语动词或特定时间之前）4. They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.(to have been doing所表动作在谓语动词所表动作之前一直在进行)（二）不定式的句法功能：1. 作主语：常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，多表具体动作，尤指某一次动作。
常用句式有：1) It+be+名词+to do2) It takes sb.+some time+to do3) It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do2. 作表语：具体指某次动作：Your task today is to wash the curtains .3. 作宾语：1) 多为固定搭配：给予、买得起试图、尝试管理、处理假装敢于计划希望意图、打算同意拒绝期望承诺、答应需要教授帮助安排决定失败提供准备选择2) make up one’s mind to dowould like / love to dowould prefer to do ...3) 形式宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，常见词：+ it +宾补+ to do .Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.to do前有时可与疑问词连用：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4) 句型：过去常做不得不做应该做愿意做准备、愿意做be sure / glad / happy / afraid +to do be sorry / anxious / eager +to do5) 省略to 的句型：为什么不做？不能做只能做最好做宁愿做而不做4. 作补语：1) 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want wishasktellorder beg permit help advise persuade allowpreparecauseforcecall onwait forinviteencourageexpectforbidgetintendlikelovepreferremindrequireteachwarndepend on此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.2) 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to （主动省略to 被动还原to）：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.※五看：三让：二听：一感觉：3) 作主语补足语的句型：said reportedsb + be believed considered + to be doneknown found to have been donesupposed thoughtIt is said that he has gone abroad .= He is said to have gone abroad .He was later discovered to have been a spy.4）thinkconsiderbelievesupposefeel ...+ to be 作宾语补足语或主语补足语findimagineproveappointjudge 例：People considered him to be a great leader .He imagines himself to be an able man .5. 作定语：1) 若不定式所修饰词是不定式的地点、工具，不定式后要有相应介词：He didn’t have a house to live in . 若修饰的词为：time、way、place，不定式后省略介词: He didn’t have place to live .2) 若不定式作定语与所修饰词形成被动关系（动宾关系），可用to do 也可用to be done ：Have you got anything to send ? （执行者为句子主语）to be sent ? （执行者是其他人）3) 用不定式作定语的情况：①表将来：The car to be bought is for his sister .②修饰被序数词、最高级或no ，all ，any 限定的中心词且为主动关系：He was the best man to do the job .③用来修饰抽象名词：能力机会主意事实借口承诺答案回复企图信仰方式理由时刻时光☆某些名词的同根词常跟to do ，因而也跟to do ，如：计划提议决定拒绝失败警告焦虑渴望愿望准备就绪例：我没有去观光的机会我不相信他会来访的承诺他没有去那里的计划他没有计划去那里6.作状语：1) 目的状语：He worked day and night to get the money. 若强调目的性，也可加in order to （可在句首）/ so as to（只在句中），此两结构在剧中时，不用都好隔开。
非谓语动词---不定式的用法
不定式作非谓语动词一、不定式的定义及构成：不定式是一种非限定性动词，即在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。
肯定形式：to + 动词原形否定形式：not to + 动词原形被动形式：to be + done（动词过去分词）期中to为不定式符号，本身无意义。
二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序，主动、被动形式。
具体形式如下表1) 不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同事发生或在其后发生。
We try to finish the task on time. 我们试图及时完成任务。
I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。
2）动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生He seems to be following us. 他好像正在跟着我们。
3）不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I’m so sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。
4）动词不定式的被动形式○1动词不定式的一般式被动语态通常表示将来的动作。
The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇水了。
○2不定式的完成式被动语态表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
The room seems to have been tidied up already. 这个房子似乎已经整理过了。
三、不定式的用法1）作主语动词不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用To learn an art well is very hard. 学好一门艺术很难。
★动词不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，然后不定式置于句尾。
上面的句子可改写为It is very hard to learn an art well.2) 作宾语动词不定式一般作动词或介词的宾语I really want to watch the football match.He has no idea of how to answer this question.3) 作宾语补足语○1后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, order, teach, want, allow, encourage, wish等。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的形式(以动词do为例)2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用动词不定式1用作主语：（1）常用it作形式主语：e.g. To learn a foreign language well is not easy.It（形式主语）is not easy to learn a foreign language well.（真正主语）（2）不定式的逻辑主语有两种情况(用for sb.或of sb.)：It is + adj. +for sb. + to do（强调to do 的动作）It is + adj. +of sb. + to do（强调sb.的品质特征）e.g. It is kind of you to help me in time.It is hard for you to help me in time.e.g. He managed to send his son to study abroad, although he was not rich.（2）常用it作形式宾语e.g. Do you think it necessary to go there?3用作表语：（1）一般说来，不定式做表语，相当于名词，说明主语的内容e.g. My job is to drive the car.All she would do was to go home.（2）不定式作表语，要求保持句子的平衡，即主语为不定式，表语也必须用不定式e.g. To see is to believe.4用作宾补：e.g. I warned the boy not to be late again.（1）感官动词hearseenoticeobserve + sb + do（省略to的不定式）表示经常地、习惯的动作或全过程watchlisten tolook at（2）使役动词havemake + sb./ sth. +do (省略to的不定式)lete.g. I noticed her enter the office.We heard him sing every day.注意：在被动语态中to必须还原。
非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done★不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态完成式进行式·一般式不定式主动to do to have done to be doingto have been done被动@to be doneing 形式主动doing having done被动:having been donebeing done过去分词被动done三．非谓语动词的句法功能：（一）动词不定式：to+do:1．不定式的否定式：not + to do（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生I'm glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.（2）进行式：不定式的动作正在发生The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.(2．不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.★动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.（2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.（3）作宾语：：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer。
动词不定式与被动语态
语法复习动词不定式一. 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。
同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remember to do记住要做某事remember doing记得曾经做过某事forget to do忘记要做某事forget doing忘记曾经做过某事stop to do停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事go on to do继续做另一件事doing继续做原来在做的事go on d oingseeing you somewhere before. I remember s eeing我记得以前在哪儿见过你。
to turn off the light when you leave. Please remember t o turn离开时请记得关好灯。
2. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。
如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语等。
非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习
非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，要用其用被动式。
其形式归纳如下：不定式To be done To have been done动词-ing形式Being done Having been done对非谓语动词被动语态的考查在高考中也是较常见的。
例1：Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. （92全国）A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking【分析】答案选A。
句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。
例2：After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit【分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”，句子的主语he与并列的attack，hit是被动关系，答案应选D。
例3：At the beginning of the class,the noise of desks_____could be heard outside the classrooms.（07全国II）A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedB. being opened and closed D. to open and close【分析】动词-ing形式的被动语态为“being done”。
非谓语动词
动词不定式
时态与语态
语态
主动语态
时态
被动语态 to be done to have been done
一般时
to do to have done to be doing to have been doing
完成时
进行时
完成进行时
动词不定式用法
一．作主语 To deceive your friends is a shame. 欺骗朋友是可耻的。 To tell truth is the best method in this situation. 在这种情形下，讲实话是最好的办法。 To stop the work now seems impossible. 现在把这工作停下来似乎不可能。
二、作表语 Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。 Her favorite sport is skiing. 她最喜欢的运动是滑雪。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 三、作宾语 常跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：admit, avoid, consider, can’t help, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, keep, mind, miss, put off, permit, resist, suggest等等。 I advised taking a different approach. 我建议采取另一种方法。
非谓语动词
非谓语动词(Non-restrictive verbs)，又称作 非限定动词(Nonfinite verb)，指不能单独作 谓语，而是用于充当其他语法功能的动词。 这类动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动 词有三种：不定式(Infinitive)、动名词 (Gerund)、分词(Participles)。其中，分词 又分为现在分词(Present participle)和过去 分词(Past participle)。
非谓语动词语态时态
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。
另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，
如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work.
6）状语： in order to
A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.
to
注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
B．原因状语： I’m glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
如：It is kind of you to help me .（相当于You are kind to help me .）这类形容词有good, nice, kind, wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite（不礼貌）等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 例如：It’s right/wrong for him to do the work alone.
英语非谓语之动词不定式的用法分享(二)
英语中非谓语动词比较复杂，但是在雅思考试中还是非常常见的，希望这篇英语非谓语之动词不定式的用法分享可以帮助大家更好的备考。
6. 作状语。
不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。
位置一般在句尾或句首。
(1) 表示目的。
We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.我们摇旗擂鼓吹号，来鼓励运动员。
They went to the U.S.A. not to study English but to study law and business. 他们去了美国，不是为了学英语，而是为了学法律和商务。
为了强调，有时用in order to (为了)或so as to (以便)加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。
例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day. 为了提高英语水平，我每天都看《中国日报》。
He took a taxi so as not to miss the train. 为了不误火车，他坐了出租车。
有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。
例如：To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老实(和你)说，这不令人满意。
To be fair, she is an honest girl. 说句公道话，她是一个诚实的姑娘。
To tell you the truth, you are wrong. 实话告诉你，你错了。
这样的短语还有to tell you the truth实话告诉你，to conclude 最后， to begin with首先，to cut a long story short 简而言之，to go back to the point回到正题，not to make too much of it 别小题大做，to put it another way 换句话说，to hear him talk听他说话的口气，等等。
(完整版)非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done（以the book , publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时：The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词：The book can/could/may/might…be published.1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能：1．作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2．作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3．构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4．构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5．作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6．作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
英语非谓语动词用法详解
英语非谓语动词用法详解---动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。
这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。
但可以有逻辑主语。
由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。
由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。
非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。
非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。
（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
1、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动to build to have built to be building to have been building被动to be build to have been build2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。
非谓语动词之动词不定式
非谓语动词之动词不定式动词的非谓语形式有三种：(1)动词不定式：to study (to + 动词原形)(2)分词：studying (现在分词)、studied (过去分词)(3)动名词：studying (形式与现在分词相同)一、动词不定式(一)作主语。
在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。
如：To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。
It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我们不接受邀请不合适但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由of 引出：careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty 淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise 不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。
因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。
“It is + 形容词+of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何。
而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何(二)作宾语及宾语补语。
1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。
常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange 安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败，forget忘记，hate讨厌，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long 渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，prepare 准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，remember记得，seek寻求，seem好像，tend 倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。
非谓语动词不定式
非谓语动词-----动词不定式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，即非谓语动词形式，在句子中不能单独做谓语。
它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
一．基本形式：带to 的不定式；不带to的不定式二．不定式的时态一般式表动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
构成：主动语态to do 被动语态to be done完成式表动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
构成：主动语态To have done被动语态to have been done进行式表动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
构成：主动语态to be doing完成进行式表动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，并一直持续到说话时间。
构成：主动语态to have been doing三．不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动语态。
若不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前完成，这时不定式可以用完成式的被动式。
四．不定式的句法作用1.动词不定式作主语：常用引导词it作主语，把不定式移到句子后面去。
不定式的逻辑主语由“for+名词（或代词）”表示，通常置于不定式之前。
2.动词不定式作表语。
3.动词不定式作宾语。
下列动词常跟不定式作宾语：ask, agree, begin, choose, continue, decide, desire, except, forget, hate, hope, learn, like, manage, mean, offer, pretend, prefer, promise, remember, start, try, want, wish。
有时用作形式宾语，把不定式放在后面，构成复合宾语。
4.动词不定式作定语。
5.动词不定式作状语，可修饰动词，表示目的结果或原因等。
专项训练题1.I don′t mean _______you because what I have said really means______you to be good.A. to hurt; to adviseB.to hurt; advisingC.hurting; to adviseD.hurting; advising2.Let′s find a room_____.A.to put the thingsB.where to put the thingsC. to put the things inD.putting the things3.Would you be so kind_________me the way to the cinema?A.as to tellB.tellingC.to tellD.for telling4.I saw a little girl_________a hammer ______the box.A.to use; to opene; opening; openeding; to open5.---I′d like to buy a new computer.---well,we have several models______.A.to choose fromB.of choiceC.to be chosenD.for choosing6.There is nothing______but_____down and wait for him_______back.A,to do;sit;to come B.to do;sit; come C.to do;to sit;to come D.to be done; to sit; coming7.We have yet to decide______there by bus or on foot.A. to getB.how to getC.why to getD.whether to get8.We would like the problem______at once.A.settledB.be settledC.to be settledD.being settled9.I happened _______the book before.A,to read B.to have read C.having read D.that I had read10. I want to have him _____the job,but he had it________instead.A.do; doneB.does; doingC.to do; doingD.to do; done11.In those days my family didn′t have enough room________.A.to liveB.living inC.to live inD.living12.I haven’t got a chair_________,will you make room for me.A.to sitB.for sittingC.to sit inD.sitting13.You’d better get a doctor _______your bad tooth.A.pull outB.to pull outC.pulled outD.pulling out14.You shouldn’t allow ________games the classroom for it’s too noisy.A.students playingB.to playingC.to play d.students to playing15.H e likes_______,but he doesn’t like ______today because it’s too cold.A.to swim; to swimB.swimming ; swimmingC.to swim; swimmingD.swimming; to swim16.He used_______on the right in China,but he soon got used_______on the left in England.A.to drive; to driveB.to drive ; drivingC.to driving; to driveD.to drive; to driving17.They didn’t know______or stay.A.to leaveB.if that he should leaveC.if to leaveD.whether to leave18.Do you know _______the repairs?A.to doB.to makeC.how to doD.how to make19.To answer correctly is more important than__________.A.a quick finishB.to finish quicklyC.finishing quicklyD.you finishing quick20.I felt it an honour _______to speak here.A.to askB.askingC.to be askedD.having asked21.It was stupid_______your advice.A.for me not to takeB.of me not takingC.for me not takingD.of me not to take22.---I wish I could buy one of those beautiful dogs.---I’m afraid they wouldn’t allow_______in the hotel.A.you keeping itB.that you keep itC.you to keep itD.you keep it23.We haven’t decided which hotel________.A.to stay atB.to stayC.is for stayingD.is to stay at24.The little girl found________.A.with no one to playB.no one with to playC.no one to playD.no one to play with25.The horses ought______hours ago by raisers.A.to have been fedB.to feedC.to be fedD.to have fed26.It is foolish_______such a mistake.A.for me makingB.of me makingC.for me to makeD.of me to make27.He is too honest a boy ______a lie.A.to tellB.not to tellC.tellingD.that tell28.The water in good__________.A.to be drunkB.to drink itC.to drinkD.at drinking29.We believed the little boy________.A,having told the truth B.to have told the truth C.to tell true D.having the truth30.Why not ______for a walk?A.go outB.going outC.to goD.went31.They wanted the work _________with great care.A.doingB.to have doneC.to be doneD.to do32.She was seen _________the concert hall.A.enterB.to enterC.to enter inD.entered33.Mr. Corset was made ______his teaching because of his poor health and old age.A.to give up b.to give in C.giving up D.give up34.Robert is said_______abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.A.to have studiedB.to studyC.to be studyingD.to have been studying35.---I usually go there by train.---Why not _____by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try going36.Nobody likes to _______.A.be laughedB.be laughingC.be laughed atD.be laughing at37.Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music.A.making herself hearB.to make herself hearC.making herself heardD.to make herself heard38._______late in the morning.Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Having slept39.With a lot of difficult problems _____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled40.He claimed_____in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A.being badly treatedB.treating badlyC.to be treated badlyD.to have been badly treated。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★ 被动语态的基本结构：be+ done（以the book , publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book is/ was p ublished一般/过去将来时：The book will/would be p ublishedThe book is/was going to be p ublished现在/过去进行时：The book is/was being p ublished现在/过去完成时：The book has/had bee n p ublished情态动词：The book can/could/may/might …be p ublished二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done2）完成式：（not/ never ）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如：They say that Mike is sick in bed.=lt is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能：1.作主语：It is an honour for meto be asked to speak here.2.作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3•构成复合宾语：He wanted the letterShe didn ' t like herself4．构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed 5．作定语：to be typed at once.to be praised likethat.Are you going to the meeting 6．作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work. 五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 to have been done (表示该动作是发生在主 句之前的一个被动动作) ，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语 等，如： It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. (主语) She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. ( 宾语 ) ) He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. The book is said to have been translated into many languages. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 六、不定式的主动形式表示被动 1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
例如： There is a lot of work to do / to be done . to be held in the teachers ' office复合宾语） （复合谓语） （定语）（ 多用主动形式 ） There is no time to lose /to be lost 译： 没有什么可担心的。
There is nothing to worry about. 注意以下两点： (1) 如果不定式结构加了 "for sb ." 表示的逻辑主语时 There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us 与 discuss There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published. (the book 与 publish 是动宾关系，用被动 to be published) (2) 某些动词 (do, see) 的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。
比较： There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.) There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.) There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.) 2． 在“主语 + be+ adj+ to do ”句型中：常见的 adj 有 hard ， amusing ， interesting difficult ， dangerous ， easy ， nice ， important ， . That question is difficult to answer. He is an impossible person to work with ． 但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式： The handwriting is difficult to be read. ★ 注意： 如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with. 分析： ___________________ ( 动 ) 译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
（ 宾） ）这题目很难算出来。
主谓关系， 用主动 to discuss ） cheap ，to be taken out of thebox is too heavy to be lifted."with+n+to do ”结构中。
（和逻辑主语是主动关系） With nothing to do , he lay in bed .With so many exercises to do , I can ‘ t go to the cinema.6. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如：I have a meeting to attend.。
（to attend 与I 有主谓关系，即I 是逻辑主语）Give him some books to read. （to read与 him 有主谓关系，即 him 是逻辑主语 ）如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。
试比较下面两句：1. Have you any thi ng to do this after noon2. Have you any thi ng to be take n to the city （by me or some one else ）（to take 与you 没有主谓关系，即you 不是逻辑主语） 练习：1.12. He to your parents7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有 let （出租），rent , hire , blame 等。
例如： The house is to rent.Nobody was to blame for the accident.但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动形式。
例如：The room is to be ren ted, not to be sold.Exercise1. Having a trip abroad is certa inly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be see n C. see ing D. see n2. I hurried to the meeti ng hall, only t hat the meet ing had bee n put off. A. to tell B. to be told C. telli ng D. told3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears everyth ing. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telli ng D. to have bee n told4. Little Tom should love __ t o the theater this evening. A. to be take n B. to take C. being take n D. tak ing5. With a lot of problems __ , the n ewly-elected p reside nt is havi ng a hard time.The armchair is comfortable to sit in The questi on is difficult to work out3. 当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式： I found him easy to get along with. They don ’ t thi nk the game in terest ing to pl ay.I findthe lecturedifficult toun dersta nd.4. 在"too — to do; enough …to …”结构中。
如：The p roblem is too difficult to work out （to be worked out ）The house is big en ough to live in. _ （不及物动词要补出相应的介词） 但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：This 5. 在例如：填写括号中动词的适当形式have a meeti ng ____________ （atte nd ） today. gave me some books ________________ （read ）.'m going to Beijingnext week. Do you have anything3. I （take ）D. wasn ' tShe is to be p raised, not to be blamed.A. settledB. settli ngC. to settleD. bei ng settled6.He ___ a nd was made to rep eat it.A. didn ‘ t under standB. didn ‘ t be understoodC. wasn ' t understand un derstood7.The pup ils here __ all kinds of exercises every day in the p ast four weeks.A. kept busy doingB. keep on doingC. have kept busy doingD. have been kept busy doing语法检测一．根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。