英文小说翻译案例精诚英语翻译工作室
大医精诚英语翻译
Medical EthicsZhang Zhan, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said: “To master the classics of medicine is difficult and the difficulty is long-standing.” Nowadays diseases are sometimes interiorly the same but exteriorly different, and sometimes interiorly different but exteriorly the same. Thus it is difficult to examine the conditions of the five Zang-organs and the six Fu-organs as well as the circulation of the blood, nutrient Qi and defensive Qi simply by means of listening and observation. It is necessary that the pulse be taken to make an accurate diagnosis. However, the Cun, Guan and Chi divisions of the Cunkou (the pulsation of the radial artery) may be either floating, or sunken, or taut, or tense; the circulation of Qi and blood through the acupoints may be either upward, or downward, or shallow, or deep; the skin, muscle and bones may be either thick, or thin, or strong, or weak. Only those who are very cautious and conscientious can be discussed with such an abstruse theory.However some unqualified doctors nowadays study such a profound and excellent theory with very simple and crude thinking. Is not it dangerous? If sthenia syndrome is treated with nourishing therapy, asthenia syndrome with purging therapy, incontinence with drainage therapy, constipation with blockage therapy, cold syndrome with cold therapy and heat syndrome with warm therapy, it will undoubtedly worsen the disease. Those quack doctors may hope to save the patients in such a way, but I believe that the patients treated will certainly die. That is why the knowledge of medicine and divination are very difficult to be mastered. Without the inspiration of the immortals, how could one understand the profound theory of medicine!Nowadays some ignorant people who have studied medicine for just three years claim that no disease is incurable to them. However, after three years of practice, they have begun to realize that no prescriptions are applicable. So those who are ready to devote themselves to medicine must try to search for the origin of medicine and work hard in their studies. They should not believe hearsay. If they think that they have mastered all the knowledge of medicine, then they will surely mislead themselves.When great doctors treat patients, they are usually calm and concentrated without any desire and avarice. They have great sympathy with the patients and are determined to save the people from suffering. If the patients come to ask for help, they would not treat them differently by seeing whether they are rich or poor, old or young, beautiful or ugly, enemy or friends, Chinese or foreigners and foolish or intelligent. They would treat all the patients like their close relatives. In treating patients, they would not think over and over for themselves and pay too much attention to the protection of their own life. Being doctors, they should regard patients’ suffering as their own and have deep sympathy with them. Confronted with danger, they should not try to avoid it. No matter in the daytime or night and in winter or summer, and no matter when they are hungry or thirsty and tired or exhausted, they should work for the patients heart and soul without any delay and contemplation for personal gain or loss. Only by doing so can one become a great doctor for the people. Otherwise he will surely become a scourge of the people.From the ancient times, celebrated doctors treated patients by using the live animals. Although it is believed that animals are humble and human beings are noble. However in terms of the love for life, human beings and animals are the same. To kill one for the saving of another is regarded as a disaster even in the animal world, let alone human beings! To kill animals to save human beings actually deviates from the right way of saving life. That is why the prescriptions recorded in my book have excluded the use of live animals. Some insects, like horsefly and leech which were dead before being sold on the market, can be bought and used in prescriptions. Thisdoes not include in what is mentioned above. The only exception is the egg which is in chaos and can only be used under emergency as a last resort. Those who do not make use of it are the true great doctors. I myself can never come up to such a high standard. Sometimes patients are suffering from scabies or dysentery with foul smell and unpleasant sight appearing disgusted in the eyes of other people. But as a doctor, one should have deep sympathy with the patients and not be weary in any way. That is what I wish to do.A great doctor should be easy in manner, quiet in spirit, strict in self-examination, noble in appearance, magnanimous in breadth of mind and neither supercilious nor obsequious in manner. In collecting pathological information and diagnosing disease, the doctor should pay great attention to distinguishing syndromes without any errors and deciding treatment with great accuracy. It is true that a disease must be treated as immediately as possible. However in actual practice, the doctor has to keep calm in emergency and takes all factors into consideration in making diagnosis and performing treatment. In dealing with the life of the patients, the doctor should try to avoid showing off and building up reputation for himself, because that is absolutely immoral. When entering into the patient’s home full of beautiful things, he should never cast his glance about. When the musical sound played around, he should not appear entertained; when delicious food is served, he should feel tasteless; and even when mellow wine is offered, he should keep undistracted. Why I emphasize this? Because one person’s suffering will make the whole family said, let alone the suffering of a patient which is constant. Under such a situation, if the doctor indulges himself in entertainment and appears self-important, he will be condemned by both human beings and the immortals. The great doctors with high morality never behave that way because this is just where medical tenets lie in.Besides, being a doctor, one should never talk extravagantly, laugh uproariously, gossip at length, speak about others, show off oneself, slander other doctors and boast his own ability. Once accidentally curing a patient, one may put on airs, appear proud or feel unequalled. All that mentioned above is the most serious diseases that doctors tend to develop.Therefore doctors should never try to use their techniques to make money for themselves, but always have great sympathy with the patients. When they have finally entered the other world, they will feel much happier. Furthermore, doctors should never prescribe the rich patients with precious drugs difficult to collect for the purpose of showing off his own talent. This behaviour, undoubtedly, does not agree with the ideas of humanity and virtue. Since I am determined to devote myself to saving the lives of the people, I have put forward some suggestions in the above for doctors to follow. I think that those who devote themselves to medicine will not regard what I have said as nonsense.。
精诚所至金石为开英语翻译
精诚所至金石为开英语翻译
写作翻译频道。
精诚所至,金石为开Faith moves mountains.
1.精诚所至金石为开是我的人生格言!“Faith moves mountains” is my life motto!
2.“精诚所至,金石为开”意思是:人的诚心所到,能感动天地,使金石为之开裂。
比喻只要专心诚意去做,什么疑难问题都能解决。
" Faith moves mountains" refers to that a person is so sincere that can move heaven and earth, making stone crack. It means that as long as you have the sincerity, all problems can be solved.
3.俗话说得好:“精诚所至,金石为开”,只要你用心,就一定能成功!As an old saying goes, "Faith moves mountains", as long as you do with your heart, you can make it!
4. 为了得到她的芳心,他每天都给她打饭,打水,精诚所至,金石为开,她终于被打动了。
In order to get her heart, he gave her a meal every day, and fetch water for her, “faith moves mountains”, finally she was moved.。
英文小说简短带翻译
英文小说简短带翻译Title: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes。
"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" is a collection of twelve short stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The stories were originally published in The Strand Magazine from July 1891 to June 1892. The book was published in 1892 and was the first collection of Sherlock Holmes stories.The stories follow the adventures of Sherlock Holmes, a private detective in Victorian London, and his loyal friend and assistant, Dr. John Watson. Each story is a self-contained mystery, with Holmes using his incredible powers of observation and deduction to solve the case.The first story, "A Scandal in Bohemia," introduces Holmes and Watson and sets the tone for the rest of the collection. In this story, Holmes is hired by the King of Bohemia to recover a compromising photograph of himself and an American opera singer, Irene Adler. Despite his bestefforts, Holmes is outsmarted by Adler and is forced to admit defeat.Other notable stories in the collection include "The Red-Headed League," in which Holmes solves a bizarre case involving a group of red-headed men, "The Adventure of the Speckled Band," in which Holmes investigates the death of a young woman and the strange occurrences in her family's home, and "The Final Problem," in which Holmes faces his arch-nemesis, Professor Moriarty, in a deadly showdown at the Reichenbach Falls."The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" is a classic work of detective fiction and has inspired countless adaptations in film, television, and other media. Doyle's masterful storytelling and the enduring popularity of Holmes and Watson have cemented their place in literary history.。
绿野仙踪英语剧本带汉语翻译
Narrator:Summary: The play describes the transformation of a girl's personality from being hostile to being understanding. Emily, a child in Taipei, always took a hostile attitude toward others. One day, she fell into a story, "The Wizard of OZ," and joined the journey to find the Wizard with Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin man, and Lion. Due to Emily's personality, she did not keep good company with them.Several days later, Emily met a witch and followed the witch's direction to put Dorothy in a dangerous situation. Within a battle, Lion died for her. Then Emily finally knew that there is love among people. Since then, Emily became a new person--a lovely, charming girl all her life.Part IPlace : OZCharacters : Emily [女子名] 埃米莉,Scarecrow(稻草人), Dorothy [女子名] 多萝西, Lion(狮子), and Tin man(铁皮人)Narrator: Emily wakes up to find herself in a beautiful village. The sunshine covers the farm and the sunflowers swing(摇摆)in golden waves(在微风中). People there are always smiling and everyone can see that They're radiant(['reidiənt]adj.喜悦的)with happiness. What lovely(令人愉快), peaceful village it is.D: Hi, who are you?E: Emily. Where am I?D: You're in OZ, Emily. Uh, did you get lost? 你在绿野仙踪,你迷路了吗?E: No, uh ….... yeah. I don't know what happened. 我不知道发生了什么。
写一个英文剧本,有总标题和详细人物介绍和场次标题,有详细景物
写一个英文剧本,有总标题和详细人物介绍和场次标题,有详细景物TheCleverRabbits(聪明小兔)角色:RedEyes(红眼睛)LongEars(长耳朵)ShortTail(短尾巴)BigWolf(大灰狼)MotherRabbit(兔妈妈)Storyteller翻译官道具房子,玩具、凳子,桌子,一棵树等。
布景一座有门的房子里摆着一张桌子、几个凳子和一些玩具。
SceneIThreeRabbits(三只小兔子。
)(一)Storyteller:TheMotherRabbithasredEyes,LongEarsandShortT ail.兔妈妈有三个孩子,她给他们起名叫红眼睛、长耳朵和短尾巴。
)RedEyes:(Comingtothefront.上前。
)Hello!I"mRedEyes.Gladtoseeyou.(你好!我是红眼睛。
见到你很高兴。
)LongEars:(Touchhislongears.着他的长耳朵。
)Hi!Howdoyoudo?Nicetoseeyou.MynameisLongEars.(嗨!你好!很高兴见到你。
我叫长耳朵。
)ShortTail:(Showhistail.展示他的尾巴。
)Hello,boysandgirls!I"mShortTail.(小朋友们,你们好!我是短尾巴。
见到大家我很高兴。
)Afterthis,theyareplayinggamesin随后,他们就在房子里玩游戏。
)(二)Storyteller:Abigwolfishidingbe-idea.Justthen,theMotherRabbitisthearm.(一只大灰狼正躲在树后,他在打着坏主意。
这时,兔妈妈提着一篮子萝卜回来了。
)MotherRabbit:(Singingasong.唱起了歌。
)LittleRabbits,openthedoor.(小兔子乖乖,把门开开,妈妈回来了。
)BigWolf:Ah,Iknowtheirsecret.啊,我知道他们的秘密了。
英文文件翻译案例-基础设施建设计划和技术措施精诚翻译工作室
Construction Plan and Technical MeasuresSection 1 Construction Preparation(A) Organizational PreparationBuild engineering project managing department. Appoint someone who is equipped with sophisticated technology and rich engineering experience, and has corresponding project manager qualification as the project manager, at the same time, build a project team which consists of skilled construction and technical management personnel who have rich experience for preparation work. Select a construction team which is well organized, build material base and other temporary facilities.(B) Preparation in construction siteCarry out unified planning after arrival, carefully erect temporary facilities and arrange electricity, water supply and drainage and fire fighting facilities for construction so as to facilitate smooth production.(C) Labor force organization1. Construction quality of our company is great, which is related to excellent teams employed by us. In this project, excellentconstruction, installation and coating personnel will be transferred from a few best teams to build a great construction team which is reasonably organized.2. Before the commencement of construction, responsible person, technical staff, security staff and workers need to accept special energy-saving training, and construction personnel need to accept level-3 safety training.(D) Materials preparationDevelop plans for all kinds of materials, components and equipment. Carry out inspection and maintenance for those materials, components and equipment and ensure that they are in standby condition.(E) Construction equipment1. Main construction machinery is the key to quick and timely completion of the project, therefore, we must fully take features of the project, advantages and characteristics or our company in machinery and equipment into consideration so as to meet the project’s construction demands.2. Prepare temporary production facilities.3. Erect materials base and machine warehouse near buildings according to construction requirements.(F) Coordination with residents1. The construction team needs to post “Notice and apology” letter to let the residents make appropriate preparation.2. Post “Process arrangement notice” so that the residents understand progress of the project and time arrangement.(G) Technical preparation1. Build a strong project management team, organize a management team. Organize a construction team to carry out safety preparation work and water, electricity connection.2. Ensure a great job in technical preparation. After receipt of construction drawings, budgeting member, construction workers and other relevant personnel need to be familiar with them, understand designing intent and existing problems, make records and make preparation for drawing review, so as to resolve all problems before construction. Construction workers need to carry out measurement on the basis of those, quality control personnel should do a good job in re-testing and inspection preparation. Budgeting staff need to put forward a variety of materials plans, responsible person of construction needs to make improvements on materials plans. As for defects, omissions and deficiencies in the drawings, our company will discuss construction schemes with residents and propose feasible measures and plans according to previous construction experience.3. Construction workers shall make great technology, quality, safety plans and prepare all kinds of information forms, and ensure their timely and reliable completion.4. Do a good job in preparation of construction materials and equipment. Materials personnel need to organize material and equipment arrival, and place materials according to general construction plan, as well as place construction machinery.5. Establish onsite quality system, safety production assurance system and post responsibility systems for project personnel, and formulate all kinds of management system measures.6. Offer safety, quality and civilized construction education to workers so as to raise their awareness on the importance of safe and civilized construction, and their quality awareness, safety awareness, as well as civilization construction awareness.Section 2 Main Construction Scheme(1) Drawings review management system:1.After receiving drawings, relevant personnel shall review them and make corresponding records, as well as submit them to project department.2. After receiving drawings, relevant professionals shall review conditions of process, materials and drawings. In case of any doubt on process requirements and materials source, and any conflict between relevant personnel, it is necessary to make records for timely proposal in drawing review.3. As for any problem on design content, it is necessary to offer feedback to designing party and collect relevant information to ensure smooth progress of the project.4. In construction process, drawings should be properly kept, timely marking needs to be made for any change.5. After the completion, it is necessary to offer a complete picture for completion of works to residents.6. Technical disclosure system: the purpose of technical disclosure is to let construction personnel understand requirements of design and construction before construction so that they carry out construction according to reasonable process. Before construction, relevant personnel need to do technical disclosure work. Content of technical clarification can vary according to levels of personnel, it mainly includes drawings, design change, construction organization design, construction technology, operating procedures, quality standards and safety measures. As for new structure, new materials and technologies, detailed disclosure is required. Teamleader shall organize workers for careful discussion to fulfill construction requirements.7. Material acceptance system: materials acceptance is required during their arrival, material acceptance shall be carried out according to the company’s requirements, acceptance records must be complete and true. For all rented tools and equipment, professionals shall be sent for check to avoid any shortage in safety device and mechanical goods in terms of quality and quantity. Acceptance personnel shall offer written opinions on quantity and quality during acceptance results. In case of any violation during acceptance, the party concerned shall be subject to 10% of salary deduction and internal criticism.(2)Project quality inspection and acceptance system:In order to ensure quality of the project, it is necessary to carry out technical review, inspection and acceptance for sub projects according to characteristics of installation project and requirements of rules and regulations.(3) Project quality inspection:1. Project quality inspectors must carry out inspection on each process during construction process, and make timely rectification when any deviation is found, careful inspection and recording is required for key process. Superior department shall carry outmonthly inspection on construction process, and determine deadline for rectification in case of any problem in terms of construction quality and records. On-site management personnel shall submit rectification receipt after making timely rectification. (4) Master project1.Inspection project which plays a decisive role in safety, health, environmental protection and public interest during construction project.2: Repair and renovation: repair, renovation and other measures for unqualified parts.3. Rework: rework, re construction and other measures for unqualified part in project.4.Construction quality management shall have corresponding construction technology standards, sound quality management system, great quality inspection system and comprehensive construction quality level assessment system.5.Main materials, semi-finished products, finished products, construction parts, equipment used in construction project shall be subject to on-site inspection and acceptance. All safety and function-related products shall be re inspected according to quality acceptance standards, approval from supervision engineer (technical responsible person from construction unit).(5) Construction quality shall be inspected according to the following requirements:1. Construction quality shall meet these standards and relevant professional acceptance standards.2.Engineering construction shall meet requirements of engineering design documents.3. All personnel participating in construction quality acceptance shall have required qualifications.4. Construction quality acceptance shall be carried out by construction organization.5. Relevant organizations shall be informed for inspection and acceptance and make acceptance documents.6. Tested pieces and related materials shall be prepared for sampling testing according to relevant rules and regulations.7. Quality of inspection lot shall be inspected according to requirements of master project and general project.8. Important sub-project which involves using function shall be subject to sampling test.9. Those organizations which participate in sampling inspection and safety inspection need corresponding qualifications.10. Appearance quality of project shall be jointly confirmed byon-site inspection personnel.(6) Project technical archive system:The purpose of building engineering and technical archive system is to accumulate construction technology and economic information in a systematic way, ensure reasonable use and offer a basis for follow-up repair and expansion. Therefore, it is necessary to collect technical data in whole process of construction project in a true and systematic way according to certain principles and requirements, and submit all of them to relevant departments.Main content of engineering technical files includes: technical files prepared and kept by construction unit; construction organization design and experience summary; experimental research and experience summary concerning new structure, new technologies and new materials; major quality and safety accidents analysis and remedial measures; experience summary related to technical management and important technology decisions; construction logs and temporary facilities construction drawings.Technical information kept by construction unit includes: completion and acceptance proof, construction completion drawings and completed projects list (name, location and structure of completed project, number of layers, quantity of projects, or quantity of installed equipment and installations; drawings review records, design change and technology approved list; materialsand components qualification certificate and test records; engineering quality inspection confirmation and accident records; materials testing and inspection records; files and project-related technical decisions.(7) Technical review system:1. Technical review includes technical documents review, product quality and design requirements review in on-site construction process.2. Technical document review, responsible person reviews the following content according to drawings design and design change: process feasibility, omissions in design, timeliness of change.3. On-site technical review shall be carried out jointly by responsible technical person of project, supervisor and construction unit.4. Technical responsibility system: technical responsibility system shall be established. Construction needs to be carried out in each process according to relevant technical principles, regulations and enterprise management systems, engineering quality standards of project.。
《可怜的芬奇小姐》(第1-5章)英汉翻译报告
摘要摘要随着全球化的进程日益加快,各国间的联系日益紧密,文化交流也日益频繁。
大量的外来文学作品涌入中国,小说作品的翻译在促进中外文化的交流方面具有重要作用。
本文基于英国19世纪的小说家威尔基·柯林斯的中篇小说《可怜的芬奇小姐》(第1到5章)的英汉翻译实践报告。
小说讲述的是一位盲女重获光明与双胞胎兄弟陷入一段三角纠葛关系之中。
本文属于奇情小说,小说当中的我,普拉托隆戈夫人,以第一人称口吻,叙述主人公芬奇小姐的境遇和其情感。
翻译过程中,译者通过对比分析英汉双语的表达习惯与运用标准的差异,把握英汉两语的语言特点,从而使得译文表述得当并为中国读者所接受。
笔者以德国功能主义学派的目的论作为本次翻译实践的理论指导,通过阐述介绍目的论的概念与原则,且基于对源文本语言和其风格特征的理解分析,结合案例分析来论证目的论适用于小说作品的翻译。
本文分为五个章节,第一和第二章是翻译项目介绍和译前准备。
第三章简要介绍了目的论的概念,发展过程,和其三个基本翻译原则。
第四章,笔者通过案例分析来阐述在翻译过程中如何运用操作翻译目的论,从而使得译文达到本翻译活动的目的,即中国读者能够接受。
第五章则总结了本次翻译实践的收获与不足。
关键词:《可怜的芬奇小姐》;翻译目的论;奇情小说ABSTRACTAs the globalization process accelerates gradually, the interactions between countries are increasingly close, in term of which, the cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent. With more and more foreign literature works are introduced to China, the translation of novels plays an important role in promoting the cultural exchanges between China and other countries.This passage is the report on the English-Chinese translation of Poor Miss Finch(chapter1-5) which is wrote by the19th British novelist, William Wilkie Collins. It is a story about a blind girl regains sight while finding herself in a romantic triangle with twin brothers. The source text is a sensational story in which the “I”, Madame Pratolungo narrates the basic information of the protagonist Miss Finch and her love feelings from the first-character perspective.During the translation process, through analyzing and comparing the expression habits and standards of Chinese and English, the translator masters the characteristics of the two languages so as to make the translation appropriate and acceptable to Chinese readers. The author takes the skopos theory which belongs to the German functional school as the guidance of the translation, through narrating its concept and rules, on the basis of the understanding of the source text language and its style characteristics, to prove the skopos theory can guide the translation of novels via case studies.The passage consists of five parts. The first and second parts are about the translation project introduction and pre-translation preparations. The third part is the basic information about the skopos theory including its concept, development and three basic translation rules. In the fourth part, the author describes the application of the theory to make the version acceptable to Chinese readers by the way of case study. The last is the gains and limitations of the translation activity.Key words:Poor Miss Finch;skopos theory; sensational novelContents摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (II)Contents ....................................................................................................................... I II Chapter One Introduction . (1)1.1 Origin of the Translation Practice Project (1)1.2 Significance of the Translation Practice Project (1)1.3 Structure of the Translation Report (2)Chapter Two Pre-task Preparation (4)2.1 The Author and the Novel (4)2.2 Features of the Novel (6)2.2.1 Linguistic Features of the Novel (6)2.2.2 Stylistic Features of the Novel (6)2.3 Related Literature Review (7)Chapter Three Theoretical Framework (9)3.1 Three Rules of the Skopos Theory (10)3.1.1 Skopos Rule (10)3.1.2 Coherence Rule (11)3.1.3 Fidelity Rule (11)Chapter Four Case Studies (13)4.1 Application of the Skopos Rule (13)4.2 Application of the Coherence Rule (17)4.3 Application of the Fidelity Rule (20)Chapter Five Conclusion (24)5.1 Gains of the Translation Practice (24)5.2 Limitations of the Translation Practice (25)5.3 Future Expectations (25)Acknowledgements (27)References (28)Appendix (29)Chapter One Introduction1.1 Origin of the Translation Practice ProjectIn Sept. 26th, 2018, the author selected a novel as the translation practice project. It is named as Poor Miss Finch written by British novelist William Wilkie Collins. The novel was first published in 1872 and republished in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2017, however, it has not been translated in Chinese.The novel is a story about a blind young lady, Lucilla who is the daughter of the wealthy rector of Dimchurch Sussex regains her sight and then, finds herself in a romantic triangle with two twin brothers, Oscar and Nugent.What special for the novel is that it is told in the first person by the narrator, namely, Madame Pratolungo through whose eyes to narrate the story about the leading characters, which arouses readers’ interests. In term of this, the author cannot wait to read the story. After finishing the reading, the author selects the chapter one to five with the total words of 10468 as the translation practice project. In these chapters, the narrator Madame Pratolungo presents first and then goes to meet and serve her paid companion with what she sees and hears along the way as well as her first impression on the main characters and their families.1.2 Significance of the Translation Practice ProjectNowadays, in the context of the globalization, more and more countries are active to introduce other countries’ literature works to promote the cultural exchanges. In the same way, China is also included in them. Therefore, the translation of the literature works is of great significance.Literature, as the reflection of the inner word of people, is one of the effective means for those who wants to know the culture of a country and becoming a window for exchanges between peoples. Among this, the novel plays an irreplaceable role in furthering the spiritual connections between peoples. Love is the everlasting topic of people and the sensational love novels are extremely popular among peoples. Besides, these stories which are not only reflecting human feelings and emotions but also havetheir own unique linguistic and stylistic features which are still of high research values.However, with more and more such foreign sensational novels brought into China, the number of their translations is not so optimistic. Therefore, the author would like to take the Poor Miss Finch as the translation practice project to enrich the domestic translation of the sensational novels, meanwhile, bring the splendid foreign sensational works into China and make more and more Chinese readers can enjoy the foreign emotion world.Furthermore, now, researches on the works of William Wilkie Collins are mostly about his detective novels and seldom about his sensational novels in China. Many Chinese readers almost rarely know that the British detective novelist, William Wilkie Collins also has some sensational works. In order to enrich the domestic studies on the sensational works of William Wilkie Collins and make more and more Chinese readers understand and read his excellent works, the author would like to take the Poor Miss Finch, one of his sensational novels as the translation practice project.Besides these, although the Poor Miss Finch, was published in 1872 and republished in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2017, at present, it still has not been translated into Chinese. So, the author hopes the translation report could help those who are reading the Poor Miss Finch get a better understanding of the story and those who have no knowledge of the book can have an interest in reading it. What’s more, the translation is also provided the first-hand western reading material for Chinese readers to enjoy the foreign love stories in the 19th England.1.3 Structure of the Translation ReportThis paragraph is mainly about the structure of the translation report which forms five chapters.Chapter one is about the introduction which consists of the origin and significance of the translation practice project and the structure of the translation report.Chapter two gives the introduction of the translation preparation. It gives the basic information of the author and the novel as well as the features of the novel including the linguistic and stylistic features.Chapter three is the part of the information of the translation theory basis which is generally about the main concept and development as well as three rules of the skopos theory.Chapter four is the case study to give the analysis of the translation practice project with the three rules of the skopos theory—skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule.Chapter five is the conclusion of the translation report which first points out the gains and limitations of the translation practice activity and then, the future expectations.Chapter Two Pre-task PreparationThis part is about what the author has prepared before the source text was translated into the targeted text. It can help the author get a quicker and better understanding of the source text and make it translated appropriately. The author learned about the whole life of William Wilkie Collins through searching the Baidu and Wikipedia. Moreover, the author has read his representative works, like The Woman in White, No Name and The Moonstone to learn his writing features. Besides, the author also read some other sensational novels and related papers to get better understanding of such language characteristics before starting to do the translation practice project. The preparation work is mainly on the author and the novel as well as the features of the novel.2.1 The Author and the NovelWilliam Wilkie Collins, the author of the Poor Miss Finch, is the British detective novelist. Many Chinese people only know his well-known detective works but hardly know he still has written some sensational works. He was born in the family of painter William Collins in London and grew up in Italy and France, hence, he also was a master of French and Italian, which is helpful to his writings.In 1850, William Wilkie Collins’s first novel, Antonina was born, meanwhile, he met Charles Dickens who became his a close friend and mentor. Later, Collins’s some works were first shown in Dickens's journals All the Year Round and Household Words and they also had cooperation on dramas and fictions (Wikipedia, Wilkie Collins). In 1860, The Woman in White, his best-known work was published, for which he achieved financial stability and some international followings, however, he suffered from the gout, and then, he was addicted to taking opium for the pain. For this, the quality and quantity of his works in the 1870s and 1880s were all affected due to his health.The Poor Miss Finch, preceded by another his excellent work, The Moonstone and followed by The Law and the Lady, was dedicated to Frances Minto Elliot. The whole book consists of 50 chapters with the total words of more than 164,000 (Wikipedia, Poor Miss Finch), which tells the story about the leading character, twenty-one-year-old Lucilla Finch, the independently wealthy daughter of the rector of Dimchurch, Sussex, has been blind since infancy. Shortly after the narrator, Madame Pratolungo,arrives to serve as her paid companion. Lucilla falls in love with Oscar Dubourg, her shy and reclusive neighbor, also wealthy, who devotes himself to craftsmanship in precious metals. Later, Oscar is attacked and knocked unconscious by robbers and then, nursed by Lucilla, for which he falls in love with her and they become engaged.Meanwhile, Oscar's twin brother, Nugent, returns from America, where he has dissipated his fortune pursuing a career as a painter. Knowing of Lucilla's blindness, Nugent has arranged for her to be examined by a famous German oculist, Herr Grosse. Lucilla elects to be operated on by Herr Grosse, who believes he can cure her. After the operation, but before the bandages are taken off, Madame Pratolungo pressures Oscar into telling Lucilla of his disfigurement, but his nerve fails and, instead, he tells her it is Nugent who has been disfigured.Nugent is secretly infatuated with Lucilla and now manipulates her into believing that he is Oscar. As Lucilla gradually regains her sight, Herr Grosse forbids family and friends from undeceiving her, since the shock might imperil her recovery. Oscar goes abroad, resigning his fiancee to his brother in despair. Madame Pratolungo intervenes decisively with Nugent, appealing to his conscience and threatening him with exposure if he continues with his plan to marry Lucilla under Oscar's name. He promises to go abroad to find his brother and return him home.Nugent soon returns to England and tracks Lucilla to the seaside, where, on Herr Grosse's orders, she is staying with her aunt, away from her immediate family. He pressures her to marry as soon as possible, without her family's knowledge, and works to poison her trust in Madame Pratolungo, who is away in Marseilles attending to her wayward father. Detecting but not understanding the change in her supposed fiance, Lucilla becomes distraught, over-strains her eyes and begins to lose her vision.In the novel's denouement, Madame Pratolungo locates Oscar with the help of a French detective. His experiences have revealed an unexpected strength of character, and she conceives a new respect for him. The two of them race home to England to stop the marriage while there is still time. Held virtually prisoner at a Dubourg cousin's house, Lucilla is again totally blind. With the help of a kindly servant, she escapes to meet them, immediately recognizes the true Oscar, and is told the full story by Madame Pratolungo. A penitent Nugent returns to America, where he later dies on a polar expedition. Lucilla and Oscar settle in Dimchurch to raise a family, with Madame Pratolungo as her companion. Perfectly content in her blindness, she refuses Herr Grosse's offers to attempt another operation.2.2 Features of the Novel2.2.1 Linguistic Features of the NovelThroughout the whole text, except the conversations between leading characters, much of the left content is the narrator’s inner activities and self-narrations. On the one hand, much of the inner activities and self-narrations are paragraphs consisted by many short simple and logical sentences. On the other hand, much of the conversations between characters are long sentences and even short paragraphs which are of strong sense of rhythm. Therefore, the translator should pay attention to the translation of different language styles so as to meet the aim of the translation practice project. Besides, the original text takes many 19th English expressions and words, thus, there are a lot of names of people and places with no corresponding names in Chinese which need to be taken special treatments. In addition, many cultural elements also need to be taken into consideration.The language of Poor Miss Finch is characterized in the briefness and conciseness and the novel is narrated in the first person by Madame Pratolungo, the narrator who tells the story from her eyes. Certainly, it also includes the dialogues, mental activities, landscape and person descriptions. In response to these linguistic characteristics, the translator repeatedly stresses the word choices, and logical relations between sentences and paragraphs so that the target text is appropriate to read and understand for Chinese readers.2.2.2 Stylistic Features of the NovelThe Poor Miss Finch is one of the representative sensational works and its author is William Wilkie Collins, a British detective novelist who is regarded as the master of writing sensational novels. The whole text is full of novelty and the plots are of ups and downs. Its author does not only grasp the linguistic characteristics but also the written style, therefore, which poses the requirements of the translation to the translator. The requirements include: (1) the translator should make the translation purpose and the meaning of the source text understood clearly and expressed appropriately; (2) on the guarantee of the communicative purpose, the translator still has to keep the original features of the vocabulary and syntax of the text and make them in an appropriate expression so as to get a higher level of the translation; (3) on the basis of the preparations of the novel and its author, the translator should catch the language andstylistic characteristics and reproduce them into the translation.2.3 Related Literature ReviewIn order to catch the steps of literary translation, the translator also read some books related to the literary translation, including Principles of Literary Translation (Zhangjin, 1987), Advanced Literary Translation (He Qixin, Zhong Weihe & Xujun, 2010), and Literary Translation(Zhang Baohong, 2011). Furthermore, prior to translating the project, the translator also got a lot of materials from the Baidu Baike and Wikipedia to get a better understanding of the background information of the novel and its author, and downloaded many literary periodicals and magazines from the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) to improve the quality of the translation and make it in line with the Chinese expression standard.Although the materials related to the sensational novels are rare, the translator still reads many literary documents about the literary translation because the sensational works are also the literary ones. Furthermore, the novel translation also belonged to the literature translation (Ye Xueqing, 2018, (02):56-57). So, the translator read a lot of documents about the literary translation to get a better understanding of the key points which needed to be taken into consideration when doing the translation activity. The following were the summed-up results which were of great use for the author in the process of translation.Song Xuezhi (2014) said that the literary translation activity was one of the ways of culture exchange and to translate the literature works was the result of the culture exchange. Huang Qiaoliang (2016) also pointed that the translation of literature works was not merely the language activity but also rooted in the culture of two cultures. Chen Qingbing (2015) has mentioned that translation was the process of the language transformation while culture was an important factor exerting influence on the translation process and result. In addition, Chang Hao (2018) has stated that during the translation, the translation purpose was very helpful for a translator and hence, the translator has to pay attention to it. Zhao Lihua (2017) pointed out that the translation of the reasonable language environment and sentence function was of great importance to promote literature works. Xu Hong (2015, 04, 185) mentioned the literature translation must be of literariness first. Besides, according to Wu Jian (2017, 19(04):104-110), to convey the stylistic meaning was the key factor of the literatureChapter Two Pre-task Preparationtranslation.In term of this, when doing the translation project, the translator should take the cultural element into account so that the translation can be in line with the expression standard of Chinese and easier to be accepted by the targeted readers.Besides, the translator still has to get the deep understanding of the source text first in order for the correct assurance of the style, grasp the in-depth meaning under the culture, and then catch the differences between two languages. On the basis of these, the translation can be clear and appropriate.Chapter Three Theoretical FrameworkIn this part, the translator mainly writes the translation theory. In the Culture and Translation, Guo Jianzhong (2000) has said “any translator, in the process of translation, is guided by certain translation theories, or is subject to a certain kind of translation belief.” Therefore, before starting to do the translation project, the translator has read some books about the translation theories which includes Western Translation History (Tan Zaixi, 2004), English-Chinese Translation Tutorials (Zhang Peiji, 2009), A Series of Translation Studies in China (Guo Yanli, 1998), Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained (Nord, 2001), English Verities and Translation 2nd Edition (Liu Miqing, 2007) and so on. Finally, the translator selected the skopos theory as the translation theory guidance of the translation activity after finishing and reviewing these literature documents.The translation skopos theory put forward by the German functionalist school was one of the most representative and influential translation theories in the contemporary German (Tan Zaixi, 2004:18). In the end of 1970 to the beginning of 1980, Katharina Reiss first put forward the skopos theory. Then, Hans Vermeer, Reiss’s student, broke the limitation of the equivalence theory and developed and created the translation skopos theory on the basis of behavioral theory. Another two German translators, Justa Hertz Mantari and Christian Nord made the theory of further development, and Nord perfected the theory and expanded its application fields.In addition, Zhong Weihe and Zhong Yu (1999) in the German Functionalist Translation Theories pointed that the skopos theory took the use of the skopos concept into translation and held that every activity had its own purpose, hence, translation was also a certain kind of inter-cultural communicative activity and the translator should take the translation strategies according to the translation purpose. Due to the differences in the language and culture, the target version was impossible to be completely consistent to the original text. However, what to keep and what to change as well as to make the version consistent to the original text in the form and content or meet the needs of the target readers all depended on the translation purpose.In other words, the theory regards the translation purpose as the starting point and basis of translation tasks. Moreover, the choice of translation strategies and methods and the selection between the styles and contents of the original works as well as theformation of the target texts all take the translation purpose as the reference. The translation process takes the purpose as the guidance and the intra-linguistic and interlingual consistency and fidelity as the means to evaluate.What’s more, the most important part of the theory are the three rules which constitute the basic rules of the theory. The more information about the basic rules is provided at the following paragraphs.3.1 Three Rules of the Skopos TheoryThe skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule are the fundamental contents of the skopos theory. The skopos rule is the most important one among the three rules and the coherence rule is more important than the fidelity rule.3.1.1 Skopos RuleAccording to the skopos theory, the predominant principle all translation activities have to follow is the skopos rule which means the translation can function in the targeted-language context and culture by the way as the targeted accepters expect. The purpose of the translation activity determines the whole translation process, that is to say, the purpose determines the use of methods.However, a translation activity can have more than one purpose which can be divided into three categories. “There are at least three possible purposes for a translator to do translation: the first is the translator’s purpose-some translators may simply do translation for making money. The second is to achieve the aim of exchanges, for instance, teaching readers knowledge. Yet another aim is achieved by choosing a post-translation strategy, such as translating a text literally to represent its structure features” (Reiss, 2004).Nevertheless, as usual, the purpose refers to the communicative purpose of the translation, namely, “the translation provides the communicative function for the target receiver in the target language context and culture” (Venuti, 2001). Therefore, the translator should define his or her specific purpose in the given translation context and in term of the purpose decides to adopt the translation methods-literal translation, free translation, or the method between the both.The rule gives the solution to the problem existing in the literary translation-whether it should be faithful to the source text or take the method of free translation. With the rule, the translator takes the literal translation, free translation, or the methodbetween the both in the light of the requirements of the translation purpose.3.1.2 Coherence RuleThis rule is an another important one of this theory. The coherence rule refers to the translation must be in line with the standard of the intra-textual coherence, that is to say, the translation is of readability and acceptability, able to make the receivers understood and meaningful in the target-language culture and the translation-used communicative context.In other words, the coherence rule stresses that the translation does not only be coherent and consistent with the target-language culture and context but makes the target readers understand the main idea and its profound meanings of the original text.Therefore, what the translator has to do is to make the translation version meaningful to the target readers and understood by them. Besides, based on their culture background, knowledge structure, and social conditions, they could accept that the version is worthy of reading.3.1.3 Fidelity RuleAlthough the most important rule of the skopos theory is the skopos rule, it does not mean that in order to meet the translation purpose, the translator can change the original text dramatically and arbitrarily. In fact, the translation version is original from the source text, and hence, the translator still has to follow the original text, that is to say, the translator needs to take the fidelity rule into consideration when doing translation activities.The fidelity rule refers that the inter-textual coherence should be existent in the original text and target text, which equals to the faithfulness to the source text the other translation theories emphasize. In other words, “in short, the target language text (TLT) should be faithful to the source language text (SLT)” (Nord, 2001:32). Though the fidelity rule requires the translator should be faithful to the original text, it is different from the previous translation theories which give emphasis on the faithful principles because according to Huang Haijun & Gao Lu (2003:17), the degree and form of the faithfulness to the source text depend on the translation purpose and the translator’s understanding about the original text .However, that is not to say that the translation should be always translated by word for word because the first consideration of the fidelity rule is the skopos rule. Sometimes, in order to reach the skopos rule, the translation should make some changesabout the faithfulness to the original text, and at this moment, the fidelity rule would make concession to the skopos rule.Chapter Four Case StudiesAbove this chapter, the author has given the introduction that she takes the skopos theory as the guidance of the translation project. As mentioned above, all the translation activities have their own translation purposes which determine the choices of the translation methods used in the translation tasks. So does this translation activity. This translation project is the sensational novel which has its own certain characteristic and style; thus, the translator should consider about the receivers’ reading joy from the perspective of the translation purpose.On the one side, the translator should focus on the source text, keep consistency of its content, and make the translation version full of readability. On the other side, the translator should express the main characters’ personalities and its plot ups and downs of the original text faithfully so that the readers’ reading interests and resonances can be aroused. However, the translator also cannot seek the blind consistence with the source text and ignore the difference between the reader’s reading and understanding.In term of this, on the basis of the three rules of the skopos theory, the author takes a lot of translation skills in a flexible way so as to keep the wonderful charm of the original text and convey this to the readers, surmount the discrepancies between Chinese and English expression habits and make the translation version more in accordance with the Chinese expression standard.The the application of the three rules of the skopos theory in translating the Poor Miss Finch is as follows through the way of showing examples.4.1 Application of the Skopos RuleAs the above mentioned that according to this rule, the translation behavior is dependent on the translation purpose, in other words, the purpose determines the choice of the method and strategy to a large extent. Just as the earlier mentioned that usually, the translation purpose means the translation can function in the certain context. So, in this translation report, the skopos rule refers that the Chinese translation of the Poor Miss Finch is supposed to be in accordance with the Chinese language expression habit and its readers’ reading preferences to catch their understandings about the text. Here are the groups of examples the translator tries to follow the skopos rule.Example:1。
翻译一千字多少钱精诚翻译 学术成绩单范本
学生成绩表样本精诚翻译公司五折优惠中找便宜翻译,那就百度搜索精诚翻译或者50元翻译修读学年学期课程/环节课程类别1课程类别2成绩09-10第一学期[计算机应用基础]必修课公共课74.00[090284]体育1必修课公共课87.00大学生学业生涯规划必修课公共课80.00思想道德修养与法律基础必修课公共课90.00新闻传播实务必修课学科基础课76.00英语精读01必修课学科基础课67.00法语视听说1必修课公共课73.00法语精读1必修课公共课70.0009-10第二学期大学生职业生涯规划必修课公共课82.00体育2 必修课公共课81.00 中国近现代史纲要必修课公共课91.00计算机应用基础2-多媒体必修课公共课81.00传播美学概论任选课公共课64.00中国文化概论任选课公共课66.00英语精读02必修课学科基础课70.00播音主持基础必修课公共课77.00法语精读2必修课公共课67.00法语视听说02必修课公共课71.00中国文学精品导读(上)必修课公共课79.00体育3 必修课公共课79.00 马克思主义基本原理必修课公共课73.00当代世界经济与政治任选课公共课82.00电视美学任选课公共课84.00英语精读03 必修课学科基础课68.00播音主持业务必修课专业基础课80.00法语视听说3必修课公共课63.00法语精读3必修课公共课法语口语1必修课公共课法语泛读1任选课公共课中国文学精品导读(下)必修课公共课体育4 必修课公共课毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义必修课公共课旅游与酒店营任选课公共课销英语精必修课公共课读04必修课公共课法语基础写作1必修课公共课法语口语2法语精必修课公共课读4法语视必修课公共课听说4法语泛必修课公共课读2。
英文文献翻译英文翻译成中文
精诚翻译报价50到70元千字,市场价100元你懂的联系我们可以百度搜索精诚翻译我们可为新客户提供试译服务,我们在翻译行业内率先提出先翻译后付费模式,不满意免单,绝对省钱结论和总体建议美国国防部可以通解决政策、机制和员工知识方面的问题加强供应链的一体化,政策为建立一个一体化的供应链创造了基础。
实现供应链整合并追求行动符合供应链总成本优化非常的重要,无论是供应链及其人员管理、政策制定、流程设计和日常决策。
首先是通过明确的国防部供应链框架—如本报告中提出的框架,确保员工理解他们自己如何影响供应链的其它部分,获得关于他们对其它流程和整个供应链的影响的反馈,并拥有作出整体供应链决策的工具。
这个供应链框架应纳入国防部供应链物料管理政策。
国防部有几个机会可以加强供应链一体化,这样做的好处是提高业绩和效率。
为了降低成本,最重要的是更多地关注供应商的交货时间和订单数量,这可以通过加强跟供应商的整合。
必须更加重视采购人员在存货方面的作用。
国防部长办公室应推出一个新的举措,以确定如何改善采购和供应管理实践,以减少交货实践和订单数量。
在这方面,需要加强可修复产品需求、供应和维修规划的一体化,以确保不良产品的总体供应的最小化。
2012年,ASD(L&MR) 进行了两项研究,其中一个侧重改善DLA(国防后勤局)的消费品供应链管理,另一个侧重可修复产品管理。
另一个机会是一个更加注重库存定位,包括加强库存定位同政策的整合,以及广泛采用库存定位度量。
整合国防部供应链改善库存定位是许多重要国防部供应链举措如战略网络优化、配送过程所有者战略机会供应路线以及基地调整和关闭(BRAC)的核心。
同时这跟计划的卡车网络改进有非常重要的关系。
然而,库存定位常常是改善措施的关键,还是缺少足够的重视,这反映在库存定位的度量和目标的缺乏。
与所有这些有关的是确保组织有足够的预算可以自由选择能够优化供应链的行动,同时对预算负责。
应该审查进行供应链组织预算类别以及每个组织对成本的影响,以确定哪里有偏差,并进行相应的调整。
北京翻译工加急精诚翻译-英文文献资料
精诚翻译公司五折优惠中六年经验!先翻译后付费学生客户送50元优惠券请您百度搜索精诚翻译Teaching Reform Program of “Figure Make-up Design"Abstract:In this paper, the research object is the reform of “Figure Make-up Design" course, the research purpose is to explore new teaching models for “Figure Make-up Design" course. This article analyzes existing problems in “Figure Make-up Design" course, proposes the teaching concept of cultivating applied talents through increasing feeling of art, force of expression and playing creativity. Based on teaching practice and experience, the author discusses problems related to the course of “Figure Make-up Design".Keywords: Figure make-up,applied talents,teaching reform" Figure Make-up Design" is a compulsory and basic course for students of image design major, it integrates aesthetics and application skills. The course requires strengthening theoretical basis, improving basic aesthetic literacy of students, as well as the improvement of students' practical skills.Along with the development of fashion trend, figure make-up field experiences profound change, the traditional teaching mode can no longer adapt to the demands of a new age. In order to adapt to new requirements on education and teaching system,cultivate high-quality talents with innovative abilities, corresponding reform in course system, teaching content, means and methods is needed.1. Main problems exist in course of "Figure Make-up Design"From the perspective of training applied talents, the main problems in the course of "Figure Make-up Design" are as follows.First, textbooks need to be updated constantly. As fashion trend change rapidly, people’s requirements on figure make-up also rise. Old teaching materials can not keep up with the development of times, they need constant updating; Second, teaching methods need to be improved. The traditional teaching way is called the spoon-feeding education, generally teacher speak and students listen. This teaching mode makes the classroom atmosphere more boring, the teaching effect is poor, which influences students' learning interest and is harmful to the cultivation of innovative talents. Third, practice is in lack. The teacher speaks a lot, but students do little, which lead to poor practical ability of students.2. Establish teaching philosophy of training applied talentsThe main objective of higher education is to cultivate students' creative spirit and practical ability, teaching and learning methods which focus on cultivating spirit of innovation and practical ability should be emphasized, training of design connotation and enhancement of expression ability are also critical, students need to be encouraged to feel doubtful about books and teachers, have differentunderstanding.On the one hand, the change of students learning style needs attention, a new learning method in which students’motivation and subjectivity are fully stimulated. The traditional way of studying emphasize too much on accepting and grasping, while neglecting discovery and exploration. Students’learning has become a process of passive acceptance and memorizing.This kind of learning suppress students' interest and enthusiasm, affect the development of students' thinking and intelligence. The change of learning method means emphasis on discovery, exploration and research in learning progress, and students discover, propose and solve more problems, all of these can help enhance learning effect.另一方面,要积极引导学生从事实验活动和实践活动,培养学生乐于动手、勤于实践的意识和习惯。
福州精诚英语翻译工作室中英文翻译报价
福州精诚英语翻译工作室报价
英文翻译中文50到70元千字
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有些客户会担心,这么低的价格,质量是否有保证呢,我们可以负责任的说,价格低不是因为质量差,我们工作室过去跟许多传统翻译公司合作过,接翻译公司的稿子,价格也是50-80元千字,但是有时候担心收不到钱,因此决定通过网络直接联系客户,通过让利吸引客户。
因为合理有竞争力的价格,我们已经积累了许多的客户,工作室已经取得了不错的发展。
我们会继续坚持低价保质的原则,以在市场上争取一席之地。
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青岛贝尔特公司网站5万字中文因为满意的价格和质量,合作过三次广州某公司网站翻译4万字中文整个网站翻译上海宜众菜谱设计因为满意的价格和质量,一直在合作广杰企业咨询管理3万中文中国工控网2万中文许多论文中英互译(每篇论文3千—2到3万字) 其他——证件(身份证、房产证)、企业介绍及宣传材料、个人材料(简历、签证材料、留学材料、推荐信)等翻译。
英文翻译价格每千字
精诚翻译团队震撼全行业最低价-翻译报价50元千字起(市场价格100以上,至少比传统翻译公司价格低40%或更多,互联网+ 时代,去中介运作,价格优势秒杀翻译行业任一一家机构和团体我们不仅仅是低价,同时我们已经为众多大型外企和国企翻译过许多专业文件,客户评价良好!联系我们可以百度搜索“精诚翻译”Sumaary of bills of quantities单号. 描述金额(US$)1.一般2.场地清理3.Excavation and filling for structure, river training & bridege protection works4.Piple vulvert and draining works5.Passage of traffic6.Sub-base and base7.Bituminous pavement works8.Concrete and pilling works9.Road furture and traffice marking nos10.SubtotalPhysical contingency-5% of subtotal(11)Price contingency 3.6% subtotal (11)Total priceBill NO. GeneralItem no. Description Unit Quantity Unit Rate $ Amount $1.05 a) Providing of furniture and equipment for the site laboratories in accorance with subcalse 141 (e)Of the specificationL.S 1.001.05 b)Plus % for contractors overheads and profit in accorance with sub-clase of the specifications.% 10.001.06 Maintenance of furniture and equipment including communcaiton and suppply of stationaery, computer supliers and other consumables for engineer’s offices in accordance with sub 141(f) of the psecification1.08 a)Vehicles for the engineer in accordance with subclause 141(I)of the specifications.I)Toyotal Land Cruizer, 4WD or equivalent(new car)II)Toyotal Prado, 4WD or equivalent (new car)III)Toyota Pickup,(new car)Subtotal1.08 b)Plus % for contractors overheads and profit in accorance with subclause 141(i) of the specifications1.09 Kilometer traveled by ve hicles for the engineer in accordance with the subclasue 141(j)I)Toyata Land cruizer, 4WD or equivalent (new car)II)Toyota Prado, 4WD or equivalent(new car)III)Toyota Pickup (new car)1.10 KiLOMETER TRAVELED BY rented vehicles for the engineer in accordance with subclause 141(k)of the specifications.1.11 Signboards in accordance with subclause 141 (n) of the specifications.1.12a Environmental monitoring works including resettlement and compliance with safety and security requirements.1.12 b Plus% for contractors overheads in accordane with subcaluse 141(p) of the specificatoin.s1.13 a Construction of 3 nos of wells including detailed hydro-gelogical investigation in accoradeance with sub-clause of the specifications.1.13 b plus % for constractor overheads and profit in accordance with subclause of 406(c) of the psecificaitons.1.14 a Shift and /or raise overhead communication lines and electric in accordance with sub-clause 406(b)Of the specifications.1.14b Plus % for contractors overheads and profit in accordance with subclause 406(b)偶Of the specifications.1.15 a Mogolian national geodetical Benchmark keeping in accordance with subclause 406(d) of the specifications.1.15 b pLUS % for contractors overheads and profit in accordance with subclause 406(d) of the specifications.1.16 a Facilities of road maintenance in accordance with sub-clause 406(e) of the specifications.1.16b pLUS % for contractors overheads and profit in accordance with subclause 406(e) of the specifications.2.01 Site clearance in accordance with subclause 406(a)of the specifications.3.01 Embankment constructio using materials from borrow areas in accordance with subclause 513(a)of the specifications.3.02Embankment constructio using materials from roadway excavations in accordance with subclause 513(a)of the specifications.3.03 Common excavation to spoil in accordance with subclause 513(b)of the specifications.3.04 Rockn excavation to spoil in accordance with subclause 513(c)of the specifications.3.05 Compaction of exisitng ground to 95% MDD (AASHTO T99) l in accordance with subclause 513(d)of the specifications.3.06 Rockfill to embankments in accordance with subclause 513(g)of the specifications.3.07 Excavation for side ditch accordance with subclause 513(h)of the specifications.3.08 Slope protection/Turfen sodding/in ccordance with subclause 513(i)of the specifications.3.09 Stone pitching of drains in accordane with subclause513(o)of the specifications4.01 Excavate for structure in soft materials in accordance with sub-clause 713(a) of the specification.4.02 Excavate for river training in soft materials in accordance with sub-clause 713(b) of the specification.4.03 Extra over sub-clause713(a)for excavation in hard material in accordance with sub-clause 713(d) of the specification.4.04 Granular filter materials in accordance with sub-clause 713(e) of the specification.4.05 Selected granular fill materials in accordance with sub-clause 713 (f ) of the specifications.4.06 Grouted stone pitching in accordance with 713 (g ) of the specificationsA) h=600 mm thk, Flat stone pavingB) h= 200mm thk, Slope pitching /road/4.07 Close-jointed riprap in ccordance with 713 (h ) of the specifications。
名著英语剧本带翻译
名著英语剧本带翻译英文标题,English Script of Classic Literature with Translation。
Introduction。
Classic literature is a treasure trove of great stories, characters, and themes that have stood the test of time. Many of these stories have been adapted into films, TV shows, and plays, but there is something special about reading the original text. English scripts of classic literature with translation provide an excellent way to enjoy these timeless tales in their original form whilealso improving your language skills.Benefits of Reading Classic Literature in English。
Reading classic literature in English has several benefits. Firstly, it exposes you to the language of the past, which can be challenging but also rewarding. Manyclassic authors use complex sentence structures and vocabulary that may not be common in modern English. By reading these texts, you can expand your vocabulary and improve your understanding of the language.Secondly, classic literature often deals with universal themes that are still relevant today, such as love, loss, betrayal, and redemption. By reading these stories, you can gain insights into human nature and the human conditionthat can help you navigate your own life.Finally, reading classic literature can be a fun and engaging way to learn about history and culture. Manyclassic novels are set in a specific time and place, and they can provide a glimpse into the customs, beliefs, and values of that era.English Scripts of Classic Literature with Translation。
目的原则指导下的职场小说翻译——以《杜拉拉升职记》的汉译英实践为例
学位论文独创性声明本人所呈交的学位论文是在导师的指导下取得的研究成果。
据我所知,除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不包含其他个人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中作了明确说明并表示了谢意。
作者签名:日期:学位论文使用授权声明本人授权沈阳师范大学研究生处,将本人硕士学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索;有权保留学位论文并向国家主管部门或其指定机构送交论文的电子版和纸质版,允许论文被查阅和借阅;有权可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。
保密的学位论文在解密后适用本规定。
作者签名:日期:Skopos Rule in Workplace Novel Translation —A Case Study of the Translation of Du Lala’sPromotion DiaryA ThesisSubmitted to the School of Foreign LanguagesShenyang Normal UniversityIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofMaster of TranslationBy Zhang Y ueUnder the Supervision ofProfessor Hao JunJune 2013摘要随着当代中国的流行文学不断的繁荣发展,“职场小说”这一大众文学类型受到了越来越多的关注。
全球化经济的发展,使得图书这样一种商品,渐渐走出地域的限制,畅销小说开始走出国门走向世界市场。
如何让一本书在一个不同文化背景下的社会同样受到读者的青睐,这就涉及到了小说的翻译。
《杜拉拉升职记》这部小说2008年首次出版发行,一年时间里销售量就高达60万册,而且长期在各大畅销图书排行榜位居首位。
在小说中,读者可以看到职场白领不同的生活,学习到职场生存经验,并体会到外企员工不一样的生存感悟与困惑。
《2024年《巧克力凤凰魔咒》(节选)英汉翻译实践报告》范文
《《巧克力凤凰魔咒》(节选)英汉翻译实践报告》篇一《巧克力凤凰魔咒》英汉翻译实践报告(节选)一、引言翻译是一门语言艺术,尤其是当翻译涉及到异国文化元素和文学艺术时。
此次报告将对一部科幻与冒险结合的小说《巧克力凤凰魔咒》的节选翻译进行探讨和展示。
在此报告中,我们将重点讲述翻译策略的选择,以及对目标语言的重新表达和深化理解的过程。
二、原作背景《巧克力凤凰魔咒》是现代西方小说家的一力作,讲述了一场巧妙的冒险之旅。
作者将人性的思考,社会现实的揭示和深邃的哲理与曲折的故事情节融为一体,以此创作出一部极具特色的科幻冒险小说。
三、翻译任务概述本实践报告选取了原作中的关键情节和对话进行翻译。
目标是将这些富有创意的文本内容以流畅的中文呈现出来,以便让中文读者更好地理解和体验这部作品。
四、翻译过程分析1. 理解原文:在翻译过程中,首先需要对原文进行深入理解,包括对人物性格、情节发展、语言风格等各方面的理解。
这是翻译过程中最基础也是最重要的一步。
2. 确定翻译策略:根据原文的特点,我们选择了直译为主,意译为辅的翻译策略。
在保证准确传达原文意思的同时,尽可能地保留原文的语调和修辞手法。
3. 翻译过程:在具体的翻译过程中,我们注意到许多地方需要特殊处理。
例如,对于一些特定的文化元素或术语,我们进行了详细的查证和适当的转化,以适应中文读者的理解和接受。
对于人物对话的翻译,我们尽可能地保留了原文的语气和情感色彩。
4. 校对与修改:在完成初稿后,我们进行了多次的校对和修改。
这个过程包括对语法、词汇、句式等方面的检查和修改,以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
五、翻译总结与反思通过这次翻译实践,我们深刻认识到翻译的复杂性和挑战性。
尽管我们尽力保持了原文的意思和风格,但在某些地方仍然存在不足。
例如,对于一些特定的文化元素或术语的翻译,我们可能还需要更多的背景知识和经验。
此外,我们也发现,对于人物对话的翻译,我们需要更加注重语气的传达和情感的表达。
《《魔法巧克力店》(7-10章)英汉翻译实践报告》范文
《《魔法巧克力店》(7-10章)英汉翻译实践报告》篇一《魔法巧克力店》实践报告第一章:引子本文将对一部翻译实践作品的后期进展过程和感受进行回顾,报告内容涵盖七到十章。
所译材料来自于一本虚构小说——《魔法巧克力店》。
本章作为总引子,先介绍了该书及项目的基本背景。
第二章:任务介绍在这章中,我将对《魔法巧克力店》这一翻译项目的任务进行详细的介绍。
本书讲述了一间独特的巧克力店背后发生的神奇故事,富有创意的情节与多彩的语言成为此次翻译的重点和难点。
我的主要任务就是将这些精彩的元素尽可能完整、准确地呈现出来。
第三章:难点解析在这一部分,我着重解析了我在翻译过程中遇到的一些主要难点,包括专业术语、句式结构、语法特点以及文化背景等方面的内容。
尤其是要结合上下文来分析词汇用法,以便于能够准确、完整地表达出原文的含义。
第四章:实践过程在本章中,我将详细阐述在实践过程中如何应对和解决上述难点的。
具体而言,我会按照任务的不同阶段和内容来分别讲述。
从初稿翻译、修订润色到最终的定稿校对等过程进行细致的叙述,让读者了解翻译过程中的各种情况和可能遇到的挑战。
第五章:实例分析为了更具体地展现我的翻译实践过程,我将在这一章中通过具体案例进行分析。
例如,针对某一特定的难点,我将结合具体的翻译实例来阐述我是如何进行理解和翻译的,以便让读者更好地理解我所说的难点解析和实践过程。
第六章:翻译结果评价在本章中,我将对自己的翻译结果进行评价。
我将根据所译文本的质量、准确性、流畅性等方面进行自我评价,同时也会根据读者反馈来评价我的翻译成果。
同时,我也将总结出自己在这次翻译实践中获得的经验和教训,以便于未来更好地进行翻译工作。
第七章:总结与展望在这一章中,我将对本次翻译实践进行总结和反思。
我将总结出自己在这次翻译实践中的主要收获和经验教训,同时也将指出自己的不足之处以及未来需要努力的方向。
同时,我也会展望未来的翻译工作方向和可能遇到的挑战。
第八章:建议与展望对于未来从事类似翻译工作的同行们,我建议首先要具备扎实的语言基础和专业知识;其次要善于分析和解决翻译中的难点;最后要注重实践和反思,不断总结经验教训并不断提高自己的翻译水平。
北京英文翻译公司 精诚翻译
Quality Objectives and Quality Assurance MeasuresSection 1 Quality ObjectivesEffective management shall be ensured according to requirements of relevant regulations, norms, standards, equipment data and construction drawings so that high quality and efficiency, as well as great quality are realized in the project, and degree of customer satisfaction is further enhanced.The project shall meet requirements of national policies, laws and regulations, standards and contracts;1) Project qualification rate of 100%;2). Material supply qualification rate of 100%;3) Quality problem rectification rate of 100%;4) High quality of project;Section 2 Quality Assurance MeasuresA. Carry out pre job training so that staff understand the company’s engineering quality requirements and act in strict accordance with engineering construction standards of the company.B. Quality and safety management manager arranges personnel to carry out supervision and inspection on implementation of on-site quality norms and inspect key parts.C. Establish monitoring and feedback processes for construction process and conduct regular quality inspection on the basis of the company's acceptance criteria.D. Strictly control quality of raw materials, do a good job in inspection work of procured raw materials.E.Monitor ratio of raw materials, require 100% meet customer needs, 100% meet local standards.F. Establish a strict on-site engineering and technical personnel self-inspection system, take one-vote veto system, find quality problems and take remedial measures as early as possible to avoid and reduce quality problems, avoid or reduce waste of raw materials.G.Carry out construction in strict accordance with eachconstruction process.H. Measures taken for possible quality problems.1. Measures taken in advance:① Carry out construction technical disclosure according to design drawings, construction inspection scope and operational regulations. This plays an important role in ensuring quality of the project, reducing construction errors, and ensuring construction schedule. Content of technical disclosure shall be mainly about key projects and new technical projects.②Strengthen construction technology management. Strengthening process management is to ensure advanced nature, rationality and the relative stability of process, fundamentally reduce and prevent the occurrence of quality accidents and substandard products.2. Measures taken during process① Maintain quality inspection and acceptance. Maintaining quality inspection in each item and link during whole process of construction is an important means of ensuring and raising engineering quality. As for completed sub project, especially seemingly hidden project, inspection is highly necessary.②Arrange construction sequence, do a good job in professional cooperation and scientific organization and construction, strengthen inspection.3. Measures taken afterwards:①As for quality problems occurring during construction, remedial measures shall be taken in a timely manner to meet quality requirements of the project.②Mutually summarize experience and lessons to avoid the same mistakes.③Parties concerned need to receive education to enhance quality consciousness.④Do briefing among staff of the project department to enhance their quality consciousness and ensure normal operation of the project.。
精诚英语教材 sandy and sue
精诚英语教材 sandy and sueNo litter!勿乱扔废物Narrator:Sandy and Sue are at the zoo.旁白:桑迪和苏在动物园里。
They are with their parents.他们和父母一起。
They have just had a picnic lunch.他们刚刚用完野餐。
Sandy:I don't want to finish this sandwich.桑迪:我不想把这块三明治全吃了。
I'm full.(He throws the sandwich away)我饱了。
(他把三明治丢掉了)Mother:You mustn't throw it there,Sandy!母亲:桑迪,你不能把它丢在那儿。
Sue:You're not allowed to throw litter on the grass. 苏:不允许把废物扔在草坪上。
Look at that sign.It says,NO LITTER!PLEASE BE TIDY! 看那牌子,上面写着“勿乱丢瓜皮,纸屑,保持整洁!”Mother:Put it in that litter-basket.母亲:把它丢进废物箱。
Sandy:It's too far away,mum.桑迪:太远了,妈妈。
Mother:Lazybones!母亲:懒骨头!Sue:It's all right,Sandy.苏:那也行,桑迪。
You don't have to walk to the litter-basket.你不必到废物箱那儿去了。
It isn't necessary.没必要。
Sue:You needn't throw the sandwich away.苏:你不必把三明治丢掉。
Give it to Jumbo,the elephant.He loves sandwiches! 给琼布那头大象。
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精诚翻译工作室翻译报价 50到70元千字(而传统翻译公司的报价是100元以上)可以百度精诚翻译找到我们精诚翻译保证全网最低街头反间谍工作唐纳德·布莱德肖(Donald Bradshaw)致读者:在这本书的前几章会出现这套小说的主要人物,作为读者,你会熟悉每个人物的个性。
我们希望,你在看到第一个故事的高潮部分时,不仅可以发现间谍敌人的差异,也可以发现他们之间的相同点。
我觉得有些人物对于我的故事来说非常重要,会在回忆录中一直出现。
致伊丽莎白:我亲爱的女儿伊丽莎白,感谢你长期以来的鼓励和支持,以及对本书最终稿子的编辑。
致贝蒂你是甘于奉献的妻子和伟大的母亲。
你一直跟我们一起度过快乐和艰难的日子。
你从一开始就给我提供许多支持。
仅以此书献给你。
如果没有你,我们绝不可能完成这本书。
介绍让观众和间谍捕手失望的是,反间谍活动都是安全计划和行动。
为了保护美国的国家利益和秘密,需要各级各类安全活动。
维护我们的安全体系,包括安全围墙和障碍、边境、空中和港口的保安员和行人交通或运输控制,以及安全许可管理都属于反间谍的工作范围、然而,令我们读者高兴的是,书中也有一些跟反间谍有关的有趣进攻活动,比如反间谍和其它进攻技术。
佛吉尼亚州和佐治亚州的联邦“机构”学校以及一些陆军、海军、空军和海军陆战队的DOD学校都教授反间谍课程;他们学习的课程包括基本安全、监视/反监视、特别行动(如主动反间谍和进攻行动)、谍报和背景调查、各种安全检查。
当然,课程也必须包括反恐训练和其他反间谍支持活动,这些需要一定的专业知识,如文件制作、技术支持服务,也需要秘密的应急资金。
最后,反间谍活动的每个阶段都必须书面记录,当然这需要费力又无聊的报告写作,但这绝不能忽视。
你可能会觉得本书中的语法并不是很好,但你会从本书中发现,我热爱间谍活动的各个方面,并一直努力作出自己的贡献。
如果你觉得我支持或反对任何政治党派;或批评任何其它机构或人员,你可以忽视这些。
从艾森豪威尔总统开始,我一直从事反间谍工作,并以此为豪;也为美国情报收集机构和外国情报机构的所有人感到骄傲。
此外,由于对情报领域某些方面信息公开的限制,我被迫修改和替换本书中的某些内容。
我真诚地希望,我这样做没有减少或降低本书的价值或质量。
我把自己40年的时间奉献给人工情报、进攻反情报和情报收集活动。
我们或多或少都会有一些虚荣心。
如果没有虚荣心,就不会有自豪感。
我对自己的职业生涯感到非常的自豪,在职业中我取得了非凡的成就。
我相信,对于人工情报的每个阶段(特别是收集和反间谍行动领域);有一些必备的素质,特工必须有熟练的技术。
特工最重要的要有无限和生动的想象力。
特工还必须要帅(或漂亮)、潇洒、大胆且温文尔雅,还必须有超强的记忆力,同时必须有很好的做爱技巧。
他们必须能够开快车,或驾驶小型喷气式飞机;能够像成龙一样进行搏斗;能够一整夜喝酒,跟美丽的反间谍做爱,然后醒来时保持警惕,并完全了解新的环境。
可以成功完成人工情报任务的特工往往相貌平平、安静、保守、深思熟虑。
他会坚持自己的事业,不会一直说自己的成就。
当事情出错时,他会承担大部分的责任。
重力规则对特工人员根本不起作用。
这并不是要否定团队领导、特工官员、指挥官、高级管理人员和特工站领导的重要性和责任。
特工在沟通中必须面对许多繁文缛节,并不断协调,才能获得指导和支持。
有方法可以让特工作出迅速响应,但在让特工行动之前,最好是获得其上司的口头同意。
否则,让特工行动的话,可能使其面临惩罚性,并被称为叛徒、流氓或牛仔。
这些在书中都有提到。
忍耐是一种美德。
时间管理是一种艺术。
成功可能是因为运气好,失败可能是因为运气不好。
特工在任何时候,都会保持幽默感,努力在第一时间做正确的事情。
另一方面,有些时候,情报特工没得选择,只能按自己的想法行动,他必须在没有上司命令的情况下,迅速作出适当的决定。
这些决定是依据敌人反间谍意想不到的行动。
例如,如果反情报特工发现被监视,他需要立即决定如何作出反应。
一般来说,并不像杰姆斯·邦德那样,他会继续选择的路线,但不会再参加情报活动。
他不会进行情报接触,不会打情报电话,不会留明显的信号或标记,让敌方的监视过程变得极其无聊,以希望他们放弃进一步的活动。
此外,跟杰姆斯·邦德不一样的是,不会有冲突,也不会有像莫斯科或香港那样高速行使的汽车、自行车或.三轮车,很少会有逃跑的行动。
此外,特工人员也很少会带枪。
也很少执行作战或保护重要人物的任务。
他的行为必须合乎逻辑且没有挑衅性。
否则行动会让敌方知道他们或她们已经暴露。
监视的重要性:对我来说,保证反情报活动成功最为重要的一个方面是监视。
重要的不是如何跟踪目标,无论是徒步跟踪、在汽车、火车或飞机或其家庭或办公地点跟踪、跨越国际边界,还是通过电子手段、信用卡购物、隐蔽发射器、卫星侦察、磁带记录、摄影或任何其它手段。
重要的是监视的准确度以及监视报告的及时性、完整性、准确度和清晰度。
应谨慎分析这种监视的难度,从而不惜一切代价避免被发现。
首先如果发现已经暴露,监视者应该尽快停止活动,并进行隐蔽。
如果制作和提交关于某个外国机构行动或活动、目标或活动的监视报告,这些必须作为独立的最终报告。
在大多数情况下,监视活动不能再次进行。
同样,如果监视报告及时提交,且内容相关、准确、清晰、完整和简洁,这可以成为一个最宝贵的工具。
最重要的是学习和了解你目标的活动和能力,无论目标是设施、外国方法或技术,或个人。
了解你人物目标的风俗和习惯,了解其联系人、信号和路线,以及交通方式、怪癖、优缺点以及监视期间活动的每个方面非常的重要。
尽管反情报特殊行动包括某些攻击(人工情报)活动,大多数反情报活动过程中会受到保护。
你在读我的书时,会发现我在执行海外任务时主要是从事人工情报领域的工作,只有在海外期间前几个月和美国本土会负责重要的安全任务。
值得注意的是,间谍活动是全方位的,远远不只涉及反情报领域。
尽管“积极”情报收集非常重要,跟信号情报(SIGINT)有关、涉及国家安全局和照片情报局或涉及卫星侦察和导弹系统、敌方部队活动和能力的高/低分辨率摄影的活动也非常重要。
我认为通过人工情报,对人类在地面上部署的设施进行侦察依然无法被取代。
确实技术收集优于人工情报收集,技术收集及时,且准确性几乎达到90-95%;但训练有素的人员可以准确定位、确定、评估、验证并分析形势、目标人员的个性、技术和系统,并及时报告信息。
这样的人员可以弥补剩下的10%。
我认为这样的人就是情报领域的英雄。
在继续其它内容之前,我想先说明下特工人员所必备的素质。
“耐心”是一种好的品质。
这适用于生活的各个方面,这对于情报活动来说尤其重要。
一个人必须首先有想法。
可以是关于整个集体活动的想法,也可以是对于特定行动的想法。
下一步是写一个作战计划,并概述一个具体行动的具体计划。
作战计划的处理一般不会很快。
一个特工的计划在获得批准之前,必须经过讨论、批准、拒绝/重新提交、协调(通常是与定期参与审批过程和提供技术支持的“其它机构”);并经过指挥部的各个部门。
每个级别的部门会提交或准备正式的实施建议。
在作战计划离开特工指挥部之后,除了“还未决定”或“仍在考虑之中”,他很少会听到其它结果。
一般来说,作战计划被批准或退回时,特工至少有一个或两个以上的其它作战计划。
总之,耐心是一种好的品质。
准确性和细节特别的重要,这适用于一个行动的各个方面,也适用于特工生活的各个阶段。
不像杰姆斯·邦德那样,一个特工必须多才多艺,并完全进入角色。
他必须对相应领域有很好的了解,并十分了解其所在的地方。
对于每一个任务,都有一个虚构的组织,每个行动团队中都有一个不同的身份,对于每个行动,都有不同的名字和背景;因此,独立的支持是必要的。
对应情况也不同。
大多数情况下需要与东道国人员进行日常接触,他们了解人工情报特工的基本身份。
一般来说,双方会定期相互交换传记数据。
但是,特工必须保持警惕,不透露过去的经历和行动以及不可向国外透露的信息。
如果特工在执行特种作战任务,这一点特别的重要。
一些特工往往会透露仍然处于保密阶段的行动,这会给他们带来麻烦。
这是绝对不允许的。
最重要的是,反间谍特工应该避免过度向东道国安全和情报人员暴露自己的信息。
现在,说了这么多,请放松,喝你最喜欢的饮料,坐着或躺着,好好享受我的第一本书,接下来我会介绍那些对我的生活和事业产生深刻影响的家人、朋友和敌人。
背景-早期的好奇心我出生在沿海小镇密西根佩托斯基,该镇位于密歇根小特拉弗斯湾半岛的西北端。
我的兄弟和我几乎都是母亲抚养长大的,因为我们的父亲在二战结束前就去世了。
我们的单身母亲是一个虔诚的基督徒,我们不得不在每周的星期日上午参加星期日学校和到教会去,并在每周星期二和星期四晚上参加两次祷告会-我们像邮差送邮件那样准时参加这些活动。
学校在假期期间会随机挑选已经八岁的男孩参加为期两周的夏令营活动。
1949年夏天,我那时是7岁,但我们的兄弟鲍勃被选中参加Camp Daggett夏令营活动。
遗憾的是,在他离开的时间里,我在两周的时间里都是一个人在玩。
我很清楚的记得那个时的日子是多么的难熬。
这是我第一次没有鲍勃在身边。
鲍勃,比我大一岁半,他说话和走路总是很慢,他有让人惊奇的耐心和常识。
自从父亲离开我们之后,鲍勃自然成为了家里年龄最大的男性。
如果没有他的知识和监督,最重要的是,如果没有他的陪伴,我都不知道该怎么过。
虽然,像大多数兄弟姐妹一样,有时我觉得他太严肃了,因为他似乎喜欢把我当作一个小孩。
他体重明显比我重,高我一个头,如果我跟他争论,肯定会有麻烦。
我早就知道最好是不要跟他对抗。
我们住在卡拉马祖街915号,这个地区有许多10 - 20英亩的农场。
似乎我们那边大多数房子都是在同一时期由同一个建筑商所建造的。
这些房子看上去都一样。
卡拉马祖街的农场已经是空的。
房子已经损毁很久了,只留下地基和底层地板,底层地板铺了一层帆布篷布,以防止水渗入和鼠害。
房子周围是5亩左右的苹果树。
我们自己的家也在这个地方。
我们的房子有一个大型的车库棚,有两层和一个地下室。
地下室中有牲畜棚,可以容纳几头奶牛和两匹马。
第一层是车库和马具室;第二层是生活区,但是从来没有使用,也有一个独立的阁楼。
干草槽通过车库搬到地下室,曾经用来给地下室的动物提供干草。
我们的家和车库在小山的边上,有二十码,这个小山下面是我们的果园。
我记得有两颗非常大的橡树矗立在圆形车道内,这个车道通向我们房子的南边。
我们养了一头牛、两只母猪和和几只鸡。
我和鲍勃会跟一些小动物、野生鸟类、蠕虫和其它我们可以抓住的动物玩。
我们似乎不需要玩具。
但是当鲍勃离开的两个星期里,我似乎对什么都不感兴趣。
我坐在车库前面的一条长凳上,注视着农场对面的街道。
我记得当我和鲍勃每年在早秋到老果园去玩时,我们会吃绿色的苹果-后来我们对绿苹果上瘾了。