英语专业精读课后优选稿

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大学英语精读（第三版）Unit-6-10-讲稿

大学英语精读（第三版）Unit-6-10-讲稿College EnglishIntensive ReadingBook OneUnit Six Sam Adams, Industrial EngineerTeaching PlanI. Objectives and Requirements：1. Reading and Writing Course教学目标：1. To understand the term of “industrial engineering” and talk about “workefficiency”;2. To understand the main idea and the humorous narration.3. To understand the structure and writing strategy: subordinate conjunctions4. To master key words and phrases5. To conduct a series of listening and speaking tasks教学要求：12．掌握新单词、句型的使用方法；加强相关听说训练：Health。

3. 掌握阅读技巧：快速寻找中心大意。

教学建议：1．在教学过程中启发学生开展关于“工作和学习效率”的探讨，帮助和鼓励学生发现学习过程中的存在的“效率问题”，改变自主学习、自我探究的学习方式，掌握必要的学习效率，培养大学校园中处理学习的能力和效率。

2．提供最新的资料背景知识，如industrial engineering; efficiency; background music 等。

2、Listening and Speaking CourseUnit 6: learn to people talk about health; listening training on Diets, Culture Shock, the Flu and An Appointment; .3、C omprehensive Exercises BookUnit 6: The students finish the exercises in their spare time.II. Teaching arrangement & Time Allotment1）Reading and Writing Course 6 periods2）Listening and Speaking Course 2 periods (every two weeks) III. Teaching MethodsCommunicative ApproachLearner-centered T eachingTask-based LearningTranslation MethodMultimedia ApproachIV. Presentation ProceduresLecture notesText: Sam Adams, Industrial Engineer Part I. Background Information:1. Industrial Engineering (工业管理) and Industrial Engineers:Industrial engineering．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．is the detailed analysis of the use and the cost of men , material and equipment in an organization, with a increasing its productivity, profit and efficiency. Those who are involved in this kind of analysis are called industrial engineers.can be classified into many types, such as construction engineer, production engineer, design engineer, and industrial engineer.An industrial engineer．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．’s duties are 1)tocoordinate personnel, materials and machinery and 2) determine the most productive and efficient use of each. He helps plan the production line, designs and adapts details essential to the manufacturing of a product.2. The American Educational System :In the United States, education is the responsibility of individual states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:Kindergarten．．．．．．．．．．．．:before 5 years oldElementary school．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．:6-11 years old (Grades 1~6)middle school．．．．．．．．．．．．:12-13 years old (Grades 7~8)middle school:．．．．．．．．．．．．． 14-17 years old (Grades 9~12) College．．．．．．．: 4 years for a B.A. or B.S. degreeUniversity．．．．．．．．．．: 2~3 years for an M.A. or M.S.; 2~8 years for an Ph.D.3. Background Music : Background music is music which is played quietly yet audibly. Such music is soothing with a relaxed rhythm and is often played with a reduced volume. It permits a person to continue shopping, working or talking without being distracted. Muzak is the name of one of the earliest companies to produce this type of music.（背景音乐一般声音不大，但可以听见。

大学英语英语专业精读3 paraphrase

《总也倒不了的老屋》导学案一、学习目标1、会认“暴、凑”等 8 个生字，会写“洞、准”等 13 个字，会写“变成、门板”等 13 个词语。

2、能试着一边读一边预测，知道可以根据题目、插图和故事内容中的一些线索进行预测，初步感受预测的好处和乐趣。

3、懂得预测要有一定的依据，能说出预测的内容和依据。

二、学习重难点1、重点（1）学习生字新词，能正确读写生字词。

（2）一边读一边预测，初步感受预测的乐趣。

2、难点能根据故事内容中的线索进行合理预测，并说出预测的依据。

三、学习方法自主学习、合作探究、朗读感悟、预测想象四、学习过程（一）课前预习1、朗读课文至少三遍，做到读准字音，读通句子。

2、圈出生字词，借助拼音多读几遍。

3、思考：老屋为什么总也倒不了？（二）课堂学习1、导入新课（1）同学们，在生活中，我们见过各种各样的房子，有高楼大厦，有乡村小院，也有古老的建筑。

今天我们要走进一座特别的老屋，它总也倒不了，这是为什么呢？让我们一起去看看吧！（2）板书课题：总也倒不了的老屋2、初读课文，学习生字词（1）学生自由朗读课文，圈出生字词。

（2）出示生字词，指名认读，正音。

“暴”是多音字，在“暴风雨”中读“bào”，组词“暴力、暴怒”；在“一暴十寒”中读“pù”。

“凑”注意读音“còu”，不要读成“chòu”。

“喵”的读音是“miāo”，注意右边是“苗”。

（3）理解词语“暴风雨”：大而急的风雨。

“安心”：心情安定。

“偶尔”：间或；有时候。

3、再读课文，整体感知（1）默读课文，思考：课文讲了一件什么事？（课文主要写了老屋已经活了一百多岁了，它准备倒下去的时候，小猫、老母鸡和小蜘蛛分别请求它帮忙，老屋都一一答应了，一直没有倒下。

）（2）老屋几次想要倒下？分别是什么原因让它没有倒下？（老屋三次想要倒下。

第一次是因为它太老了，准备倒下去休息；第二次是因为小猫请求它再站一个晚上躲避暴风雨；第三次是因为老母鸡请求它再站二十一天孵小鸡。

现代大学英语精读56重点课后paraphrase汇编

学习-----好资料Lesson21. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.2. I had new thoughts , willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won'ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3. The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple—like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so T felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5. And T could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self—control would collapse, and I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery.Lesson 31.Yet globalization…“is a reality, not a choice”.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existingworries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault”.3.…where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand……in China, the two trends of closed—door and open—door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5.Westernization…is a phenomenon shot with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.…westernization is a concept full of self—contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6.You don't have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself.All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.7.He…was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in differenttime zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising ＄100,000.更多精品文档．-----好资料学习The Gucci store did not expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai businesscould be so good.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the9.wilds of global culture.From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study ofglobal cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.10.of desire but the strong might be peculiar to the Jews, showing The way of repentancegaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Lesson 2The woods were tossing with jewels1.But these marks of wild country called to may father like the legendary siren song.Though the place was not pleasant or disagreeable, my father was deeply attracted to it precisely because of its unexplored, uncultivated natural state, and the challenge.2.I'm afraid the day's going to catch us, I explained…disaster might befall us if it did.As a little girl, I believed my father's words, and was genuinely afraid of the possibledisaster--if we didn't hurry up, the day would catch us and terrible things might happen.3....from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial, though few crimes seemed tolead directly to his door.In this place, though the police wound make some effort without real earnest to investigate Watson and bring him to court, there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that hewas responsible for certain illegal activities.4.The stranglehold……and even governors that our state was to suffer through its history.The control Watson had over this part of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or illegalth 20witnessed in the which the law-enforcing officials and governors Florida activities ofcentury.5.There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there was amurderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.Before the family built their own house, they lived in a shabby cabin at Gopher Key, close tothe merciless Watson.6.King Richard in his…sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day...We had abundant food on the island, and even the meals enjoyed by King Richard, who was famous for his love of food, couldn't possibly compare with ours.7.Despite the unrelenting heat, we were happy to be let off from our hours of school indoors, sessions which our mother kept every day, rain or shine.Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from mymother's sessions indoors. We would have to read and write with her every day no matterwhat the weather was like.Lesson 7 Inaugural address1/ For man holds in his mortal hands....and all forms of human life.As a result of technological development, human belongs now have the power to put an end to poverty and human, misery, but at the same time they also possess the power to destroy the更多精品文档．学习-----好资料whole world, rendering it uninhabitable and lifeless.2//...unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights...We do not want to see or to allow the slow destruction of those human rights.3. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half.....of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves...To the people of the underdeveloped countries living in poverty in rural areas, we are committed to helping them to rid themselves of mass poverty by their own efforts.4/But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.But we should not let any communist power take advantage of this alliance for progress to expand its influence.5/And let every other power know that this....of its own house.We want to make clear to the communist powers that Americas are the Americas of the Americans. Do not attempt to penetrate into this area.6/...before the dark powers of destruction..... or accidental self-destruction.Before the world is destroyed by a nuclear war launched in a preemptive attack or caused by accident.7/...yet both raing to alter the uncertain...of mankind's final war.Yet both sides attempt to get an edge in the nuclear arms race so as to break the mutual deterrence which has so far prevented the outbreak of a nuclear war.8/...civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.To be ready to negotiate and establish friendly relations does not mean that we are weak or afraid. Declarations of sincere intention have to be tested by actions.9/Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let the two sides use the fruits of science for the benefit of humanity rather than usinghigh-tech weapons to kill and destroy.10...each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.There have been occasions for each generation of Americans to be called upon to fight anddie for their country.Lesson 8 A rose for Emily1.2.But garages and cotton gins had ...of that neighborhood...The street used to house only the best families. But then great changes took place: garages and cotton gins were established on the street and their existence wiped out the aristocratic traces in that neighborhood.3.Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity.It would not be true to say that miss Emily would have accepted charity.4.5.Just as if a man-any man-could keep a kitchen properly, the ladies said....What the ladies said meant that they did not in the least believe a man, any man, could keep a kitchen properly.更多精品文档．学习-----好资料6.7.It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Griersons.The griersons regarded themselves as very important and the outside world as vulgar and full of people inferior to them. They belonged to two entirely different worlds. However, the complaints about the smell served as a link between the two different worlds and compelled Miss Emily to deal with the outside world.8.The next day the received two more.....in diffident deprecation.The next day the mayor received two more complaints. One of them was from a man who came and pleaded to the mayor in a shy and timid way.9.People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt.....a little too high for what the really were.People in the town felt that the Grierson family regarded themselves more important than they really deserved to be. The fact that miss Emily great-aunt, old lady Wyatt, had gone crazy had to do with this blind, excessive self-importance.10.Now she too would know the old thrill and the old despair of a penny more or less.Ordinary people often become excited or worried when they get a penny more or a penny less. Being poor, now she would learn to appreciate the value of money like other people in the town.11.But there were still other, older people, who...without calling it noblesse oblige.But there were still others, older people, who said that no matter how sad miss Emily was (over her father death), she should not forget she had certain obligations as a member of the nobility, though a real lady would not describe her self-restraint by the expression noblesse oblige.12.We were glad because the female cousins were even more grierson than miss Emily had ever been.We were glad because the cousins were even more stubborn and self important than miss Emily.13.14.…and the very old men …confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which nowinter ever quite touches, divided from them by the narrow bottle-neck of the most recent decade of years.And the very old men confused the dates and years of past happenings. To the old people, all the past should be like a road that becomes smaller as it reaches further back. But to thoseold southerners, the recent past of ten years or so was like a bottleneck, a narrow passage, ora tunnel. Beyond that narrow passage, the remote past became a huge level meadow where things were pleasantly and fondly mixed up together. Like the green grass on the meadow never touched by the winter, their memories of the remote past remained blurred, sweet, romanticized and unchanged.更多精品文档．。

现代大学英语精读1-lesso

Modern College English Intensive Reading 1-less
目录
contents
Course Introduction Language knowledge and skills Cultural background and cross-cultural communication Practical application and expansion Course evaluation and feedback
Debate and Discussion
Encouraging students to participate in debate and discussion activities helps develop critical thinking and argumentation skills, essential for effective communication.
Understanding complex sentence structures
The role of context in understanding grammar
01
02
03
Course outline
01
Combination of traditional and innovative teaching methods
Western culture emphasizes individualism, the belief that individuals should be responsible for their own actions and命运的掌握在自己手中. This is in contrast to collectivism, which emphasizes the importance of the group over the individual.

英语专业阅读材料的精读与泛读技巧

英语专业阅读材料的精读与泛读技巧学习英语的过程中，阅读是一个重要的技能。

在英语专业学习中，无论是精读还是泛读，都是必不可少的。

本文将介绍一些英语专业阅读材料的精读与泛读技巧，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握英语专业材料。

一、精读技巧1. 阅读目的明确：在开始精读之前，先确定阅读的目的是什么。

是为了获取信息、学习专业知识还是提高阅读能力？明确目的有助于读者在阅读过程中更加集中注意力。

2. 合理利用工具书：精读的过程中，遇到生词或其他难懂的词汇，可以查阅词典或使用在线翻译工具，确保理解每个词的含义。

同时，专业词汇的理解也可以通过查阅相关的专业词典或参考书籍。

3. 理解文章结构：在阅读过程中，要注意文章的结构和逻辑关系。

通常，文章会按照问题提出、论证和总结的方式进行组织。

了解文章的结构有助于更好地理解文章的意义和观点。

4. 注意关键信息：在精读过程中，要注意抓住文章中的关键信息。

这些信息往往是作者要表达的重点，包括中心思想、主题句和论据等。

通过关注这些关键信息，有助于更好地理解文章的主旨。

5. 反复阅读与总结：精读的目的是深入理解文章的意义。

为了确保完全理解，在阅读一遍之后，可以进行反复阅读，并总结文章的要点、观点和论证。

这有助于加深对文章的理解和记忆。

二、泛读技巧1.阅读速度控制：泛读的目的是获得整体理解，因此读者可以适当加快阅读速度，不必对每个细节过于深入。

掌握适当的阅读速度可以提高泛读的效率。

2.注意文章结构与段落标志：在泛读过程中，注意文章的整体结构，以及各段落之间的逻辑关系。

通常，每个段落都有自己的主题和主旨，注意段落开始的关键词可以帮助理解整体的组织结构。

3.有效运用排除法：泛读过程中，遇到难以理解的句子或词组可以尝试通过排除法进行推测。

通过理解上下文，排除一些明显错误的选项，有助于更好地理解整体内容。

4.关注文章中的关键词和关联词：在泛读过程中，要注意抓住文章中的关键词和关联词。

这些词汇可以帮助读者理解文章的主题、主旨和论证。

英语专业精读教程3课文讲解

Questions/Activities Check-on Preview Objectives
Warming up
Warming up
Questions/Activities
1. What is the article mainly about? 2. How much do you know about developmental changes? What does the author say that strikes you most? 3. What is an identity crisis? Can you define “identity”? 4. Are there any other key concepts mentioned in the text that you know about or want to know?
Warming up
Check-on Preview
1. Give three translations of “意识到”.
2. Offer at least three examples of quotation that you can find in the text.
3. Define the following words: heightened (para. 3); observe (para. 4).
personnel, occur, adolescence, adulthood
3. Syntax: long, involved sentences, e.g. paras. 4, 6 (During the course…)
Text Analysis
4. Techniques: • quotation, e.g.

专业英语大作业优选10篇(英文原文)

杜孟远PILOTING THE SMART GRIDAhmad Faruqui, Ryan Hledik and Sanem Sergici1The transformative power of the smart grid is enormous. It is receiving much consideration frutilities and commissions across North America. Several members of the European UniChina, Japan and other nations are also engaged in the same endeavor.The smart grid has the potential for revolutionizing the way we produce and consume electric but because it contains so many new elements; its core value proposition remains untested.The unanswered questions include:What new services will the smart grid provide customers?Do customers want these new services?Will they respond by changing their energy use patterns?The answers to these questions will help policymakers in federal and state government determine whether the benefits of the smart grid will cover its costs.It is widely understood that the new services enabled by the smart grid will include different rate designs that encourage curtailment of peak loads and make more efficient use of energy. Examples include dynamic pricing and inclining block rates.2These innovative rate designs will be enhanced by various automating technologies such as Energy Orbs, programmable communicating thermostats (PCTs), whole building energy management systems (Auto DR), and in-home displays (IHDs).The smart grid will of course go beyond smart meters and rate design and enable renewable energy resources to be connected to the grid. This will allow optimal use of intermittent resources, such as wind, which often reach their peak generating capacity during off-peak hours. New off-peak loads, such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which reduce overall energy consumption and improve the carbon footprint, will be energized by the smart grid.To address the likely impact of the smart grid on customers, utilities, and society as a whole, it may be necessary to conduct a pilot. When should a pilot be conducted and how should it be conducted? To be useful, a pilot must yield credible results. This requires that the pilot satisfy various validity criteria. These issues form the focus of this paper. We provide examples from several recent pilots that involved dynamic pricing, a key element of the smart gird. The concluding section discusses how a hypothetical company, SMART POWER, should go about designing its own pilot. Should a Pilot be Conducted?3Policymakers should consider implementing a pilot if there is much uncertainty in the cost-benefit analysis of proceeding with full-scale deployment. A powerful method for resolving uncertainty is to assess the value of information that would be generated from a pilot. This point is best illustrated with a case study.California suffered the worst energy crisis in its history in 2001. Most analysts attributed the crisis in part to the lack of demand response in the market design. When prices rose in wholesale markets, there was no incentive for retail customers to lower demand. In the summer of 2002, the California Public Utilities Commission initiated proceedings on demand response, advanced metering, and dynamic pricing. Early in the proceedings, it became clear that the decision to deploy advanced metering was fraught with risk. The deployment would be costly and the benefits uncertain, as they depended on the customers’ price elasticity of demand.龚畅Electricity from the Oceans: Will It Really HappenAnytime Soon?By Doug PeeplesSGN News EditorGovernments and private industry have been casting a wide net to find alternative sources of sustainable power to meet accelerating demand and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. And electric power from ocean waves, tides and currents has been getting a lot more attention —and money — than ever before.But what are the chances that marine and hydrokinetic technologies (let's just call it ocean power to keep it short and sweet) are really going to take their place alongside more mature and relatively well-funded renewable energy sources such as wind and solar to feed the need for more greener power?We can't answer that question to a certainty, but we can round up a lot of the big issues: What's good about it, what's bad and what needs to happen to make ocean power a reality?The Good∙Oceans cover about 70% of the planet, and waves and tides offer a more predictable, reliable source of energy than wind and solar. And energy storage isn't an issue. The oceans are always on.∙ A British company built a large-scale tidal turbine in 2008 that's since been getting good reviews, and several countries have jumped onto the ocean power bandwagon.Globally, according to Pike Research, there are more than 300 ocean power projects"in the works." A New Jersey company has big plans for a pilot buoy project off theOregon coast and much bigger plans for a commercial-scale wave project there.∙ A January report from Pike said ocean power could generate 200 GW of electricity by 2025. A new analysis from Frost & Sullivan pegs global resources at more like2,000 to 4,000 TWh annually. The Frost & Sullivan analysis also anticipates thecommercialization of ocean power within the next 5-10 years as technology improves and production costs drop.∙In the U.S., attitudes of the federal government and private industry are taking a positive tack, too. The DOE and the Interior Department in June signed amemorandum of understanding to collaborate on commercial-scale development of offshore renewable energy projects, including wave power. The DOE has pouredmillions of dollars into hydrokinetic R&D and has put the technological and strategic muscle of its national laboratories behind it.The Bad∙Ocean power is still in the proof-of-concept phase, and initial deployments require unimaginably massive investments. Will investors bet on technologies with nosignificant track record and sky high upfront costs?∙While wave power is more reliable than wind and solar, the actual power in waves fluctuates a lot, as does the state of the oceans in general. Durability is a big issue.Pelamis Wave Power, which operated a highly regarded commercial-scale wave farm in Portugal, shut down its operations last year because of persistent technicalproblems and dwindling financing.∙How will regulations to protect aquatic ecosystems and fisheries evolve? The permitting and siting process for land-based renewable energy projects is complicated enough. The marine environment is more complex, so it seems reasonable thatpermitting and siting for ocean projects will be even more complicated.∙Standardizing technologies, connecting wave power to the electric grid and transmission also present obstacles.That Said, What's It All Mean?Who wouldn’t want to see a new, reliable, secure and green energy source? But even the most optimistic reports and analyses come with heavy disclaimers, most of them pointing at exceptionally high upfront costs and technological nightmares similar to those facing the new deepwater wind farm sector. While the future of ocean power looks a little brighter, it still looks like a long slog to the light at the end of the tunnel.What do YOU think? Will be generating significant amounts of electricity from ocean waves anytime soon ... if ever?甘凯元Radioactive Water Leaking From Crippled Japan Plantby The Associated PressWorkers spray resin on the ground near the reactor buildings to prevent the spread of radioactive substances at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant.April 2, 2011Highly radioactive water was leaking into the sea Saturday from a crack discovered at a nuclear power plant destabilized by last month's earthquake and tsunami, a new setback as frustrated survivors of the disasters complained that Japan's government was paying too much attention to the nuclear crisis.The contaminated water will quickly dissipate into the sea and is not expected to cause any health hazard. Nevertheless, the disturbing discovery points at the unexpected problems that can crop up and continue to hamper technicians trying to control the crisis.Word of the leak came as Prime Minister Naoto Kan toured the town of Rikuzentakata, his first trip to survey damage in one of the dozens of villages, towns and cities slammed by the March 11 tsunami that followed a magnitude 9.0 earthquake."The government has been too focused on the Fukushima power plant rather than the tsunami victims. Both deserve attention," said 35-year-old Megumi Shimanuki, who was visiting her family at a community center converted into a shelter in hard-hit Natori, about 100 miles from Rikuzentakata.The double disaster is believed to have left nearly 25,000 dead — 11,800 confirmed. More than 165,000 are still living in shelters, and tens of thousands more still do not have electricity or running water.Although the government had rushed to provide relief, its attention has been divided by the efforts to stabilize the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, which suffered heavy damage and has dragged the country to its worst nuclear crisis since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II.The plant's reactors overheated to dangerous levels after electrical pumps — deprived of electricity — failed to circulate water to keep the reactors cool. A series of almost daily problems have led to substantial amount of radiation leaking in the atmosphere, ground and sea.On Saturday, workers discovered an 8-inch long crack in a maintenance pit that was leaking highly radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean, said Japan Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency spokesman Hidehiko Nishiyama.He said the water contaminated with levels of radioactive iodine far above the legal limit found inside the pit could be one of the sources of recent spikes in radioactivity in sea water."There could be other similar cracks in the area, and we must find them as quickly as possible," he told reporters.Soon after the discovery, the plant's operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co., started filling the pit with cement to seal the crack and prevent more contaminated water from seeping into the ocean.Nuclear safety officials said the crack was likely caused by the quake and may be the source of radioactive iodine that started showing up in the ocean more than a week ago.People living within 12 miles of the plant have been evacuated and the radioactive water will quickly dissipate in the sea, but it was unclear if the leak posed any new danger to workers. People have been uneasy about seafood from the area despite official reassurances that the risk of contamination is low.The cracked pit houses cables for one of the six nuclear reactors, and the concentration of radioactive iodine was the same as in a puddle of contaminated water found outside the reactor earlier in the week. Because of that, officials believe the contaminated water is coming from the same place, though they are not sure where.A nuclear plant worker who fell into the ocean Friday while trying to board a barge carrying water to help cool the plant did not show any immediate signs of being exposed to unsafe levels of radiation, nuclear safety officials said Saturday, but they were waiting for test results to be sure.Radiation worries have compounded the misery for people trying to recover from the tsunami. Kan's visit Saturday to Rikuzentakata did little to alleviate their worries."The government fully supports you until the end," Kan told 250 people at an elementary school serving as an evacuation center. He earlier met with the mayor, whose 38-year-old wife was swept away.He bowed his head for a moment of silence in front of the town hall, one of the few buildings still standing, though its windows are blown out and metal and debris sit tangled out front.Kan also stopped at the sports complex being used as a base camp for nuclear plant workers, who have been hailed as heroes for laboring in dangerous conditions. He had visited the nuclear crisis zone once before, soon after the quake.Workers have been reluctant to talk to the media about what they are experiencing, but one who spent several days at the plant described difficult conditions in an anonymous interview published Saturday in the national Mainichi newspaper.When he was called in mid-March to help restore power at the plant, he said he did not tell his family because he did not want them to worry. But he did tell a friend to notify his parents if he did not return in two weeks."I feel very strongly that there is nobody but us to do this job, and we cannot go home until we finish the work," he said.Early on, the company ran out of full radiation suits, forcing workers to create improvised versions of items such as nylon booties they were supposed to pull over their shoes."But we only put something like plastic garbage bags you can buy at a convenience store and sealed them with masking tape," he said.He said the tsunami littered the area around the plant with dead fish and sharks, and the quake opened holes in the ground that tripped up some workers who could not see through large gas masks. They had to yell at one another to be heard through the masks."It's hard to move while wearing a gas mask," he said. "While working, the gas mask came off several times. Maybe I must have inhaled much radiation."Radiation is also a concern for people living around the plant. In the city of Koriyama, Tadashi and Ritsuko Yanai and their 1-month-old baby have spent the past three weeks in a sports arena converted into a shelter. Baby Kaon, born a week before the quake, has grown accustomed to life there, including frequent radiation screenings, but his parents have not. Their home is fine, but they had to leave because it is six miles from the nuclear plant.Asked if he had anything he would like to say to the prime minister, Tadashi, a32-year-old father, paused to think and then replied: "We want to go home. That's all, we just want to go home."In Natori, where about 1,700 people are living in shelters, others had stronger words for Kan. Toru Sato, 57, lost both his wife and his house in the tsunami and said he was bothered that Kan's visit to the quake zone was so brief about a half day."He's just showing up for an appearance," Sato said. "He should spend time to talk to various people, and listen to what they need."黄松强AEP, ITC Transmission to perform technical study on expanding 765-kV transmission into MichiganCOLUMBUS, Ohio, Nov. 6, 2006 – American Electric Power (NYSE: AEP) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with ITC Transmission, a subsidiary of ITC Holdings Corp. (ITC), to perform a technical study to evaluate the feasibilityof extending AEP’s 765-kilovolt (kV) transmission infrastructure through Michigan to enhance reliability and support a competitive market of generation supply.The study will explore the merit and benefits of building a 765-kV transmission network in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula that would link to AEP’s 765-kV transmission system in the Midwest. The study will be shared with the Midwest ISO (MISO) and the Michigan Public Servic e Commission’s (MPSC) 21st Century Energy Planning team.The study is projected to be complete in late 2006, in time for it to be shared with the MPSC 21st Century Planning team before they complete their deliberations. The MOU signed with ITC Transmission does not include provisions to build or operate transmission. Any future activities regarding Michigan transmission will be determined after the completion of the study.―Through this agreement, we will work with ITC Transmission to determine the benefits of enhancing the Michigan transmission grid by introducing 765-kV lines, the most robust transmission in the U.S., and linking it to AEP’s 2,100-mile 765-kV transmission network in the Midwest. After the completion of the study, we will provide our analysis to the Michigan Public Service Commission, Midwest ISO and other parties to help them determine the best way to serve Michigan’s future electric reliability needs and support a successful competitive marketplace,‖ said Michael G. Morris, AEP’s chairm an, president and chief executive officer.―ITC Transmission continues in its mission to invest in the transmission infrastructure as a means to improve electric reliability for its customers and lower the overall cost of delivered energy,‖ said Joseph L. Welch, president and chief executive officer of ITC Transmission. ―The transmission grid in Michigan has suffered after a 30-year trend of underinvestment, and we must begin actively looking to implement a long-term solution that will address Michigan’s current electric reliability needs now and for years to come.‖―ITC Transmission, a subsidiary of ITC Holdings Corp. (NYSE: ITC), is the first independently-owned and operated electricity transmission company in the United States. ITC Holdings Corp. is in the business of investing in electricity transmission infrastructure improvements as a means to improve electric reliability, reduce congestion and lower the overall cost of delivered energy. Through its operating subsidiaries, ITC Transmission and METC, it is the only publicly traded company engaged exclusively in the transmission of electricity in the United States. ITC is also the largest independent electric transmission company and the tenth largest electric transmission company in the country based on transmission load served. ITC Transmission and METC operate contiguous, fully regulated, high-voltage systems in Michigan´s Lower Peninsula, an area with a population of approximately 9.8 million people, that transmit electricity to local electricity distribution facilities fromgenerating stations throughout Michigan and surrounding areas. For more information on ITC Holdings Corp., please visit . For more information on ITC Transmission or METC, please visit or , respectively.American Electric Power is one of the largest electric utilities in the United States, delivering electricity to more than 5 million customers in 11 states. AEP ranks among the nation’s largest generators of electricity, owning nearly 36,000 megawatts of generating capacity in the U.S. AEP also owns the nation’s largest electricity transmission system, a nearly 39,000-mile network that includes more 765 kilovolt extra-high voltage transmission lines than all other U.S. transmission systems combined. AEP’s utility units operate as AEP Ohio, AEP Texas, Appalachian Power (in Virginia and West Virginia), AEP Appalachian Power (in Tennessee), Indiana Michigan Power, Kentucky Power, Public Service Company of Oklahoma, and Southwestern Electric Power Company (in Arkansas, Louisiana and east Texas). American Electric Power, based in Columbus, Ohio, is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2006.杨萌Siemens Residential Surge Protection —Implementing the Right Line of Defense on the Home FrontUnexpected voltage spikes, surges and other electrical disturbances can ruin or severely damage computers, VCRs, televisions, fax machines, scanners and copiers, disrupt satellite signals, degrade the performance of audio/video components, and wreak havoc with telecommunications systems.Because no single device can protect an entire home or office against all electrical surges, the best way to prevent damage is by implementing a systematic, tiered surge protection plan that monitors every possible incoming signal path and protects against internally generated power fluctuations, providing protection at the service entrance and at the point of use.Protection at the point of entryThe first line of defense is protection at the point of entry where electricity,surges and voltage spikes from lightning hits can enter the electrical system. This requires an electrician-installed secondary surge arrestor or transient voltage surge suppressor installed at the service entrance to limit surge voltage by diverting and conducting large surge currents safely to ground. If an AC surge arrestor does its job right, it shields motor-driven appliances like refrigerators, dishwashers, electric washers, and dryers from damage. Additional specialized service entrance protectors can be added to protect cable TV and telephone lines, and minimize damage to TVs and modems. Homeowners also can arrange for installation of branch circuit feeder devices or trips in circuit breaker panels to prevent surges from damaging equipment on specific circuit branches.Protection at the point of useThe second line of defense is the point of use. Here, homeowners can reinforce point-of-entry protection by installing plug-in surge protectors (strips) into grounded wall receptacles where sensitive electronic equipment is located. These plug-in protectors, which generally have much lower limiting voltages than entry protectors, defend against externally and internally generated surges that travel through power, phone, data, and coaxial lines. Plug-in power strips should minimally include AC power protection and appropriate signal line protection and should protect against both catastrophic and small surges. These devices should be installed wherever expensive or sensitive electronic equipment like computers, VCRs, fax machines, PCs with modems, satellite systems, stereo systems, copiers and scanners are located. All types of equipment with signal lines, such as phones, cable TV, and satellites should be equipped with multi-port protectors, which protect signal and AC lines.If you have any questions or are interested in purchasing our surge protection products, please contact us via e-mail or call 1-800-964-4114.胡嘉滨Energy Storage: Can It Replace Transmission?Grid-scale storage offers potential benefits to transmission and distribution systems of utilities in regulated and market environments. These benefits derive from cost reductions due to the time and location shifting of energy for congestion relief, reliability via enhanced stability and outage response, and incremental voltage support—once the storage device and its power electronics are in place. .Between the transmission and distribution systems, at the subtransmission or distribution substation, storage can defer capital expenditures for power transformer upgrades to meet peak load conditions. In remote areas served by radial subtransmission, storage can also be a vehicle for reliability improvement as a way to ride through un-cleared faults on the transmission line(s) that serve the substation.The potential T&D CapEx deferral angle is an interesting area to explore. One example for a substation application is to support power transformer contingency operations during peak load periods that have grown in excess of the N-1 contingency capacity of the station.This potential application, however, suffers from the same barriers today as the transmission congestion relief application:•The planning and operational methodologies are not established•The regulatory process for approval is nonexistent•It, again, crosses the boundary between transmission and distribution regulated functionality and merchant functionality, because it potentially shifts off-peak energy to on-peak delivery.In addition, as this typical substation application is likely to be in the range of 1-10 MW, it may not require centralized storage systems, but rather distributed or utility-scale devices. As previously noted, these could be portable or semi-portable in nature.One More Hurdle … For Now, At LeastAn additional hurdle that needs to be mentioned is costs. One reason multiple roles are applied to a storage device is for a means to create additional revenue that can defer initial cost for the technologies. However, this hurdle needs to be evaluated in the context of an emerging technology and not ―set‖ at current levels.Advanced energy storage technologies are still in a rapid state of evolution and development. Hence, when comparing options, solutions for areas such as CapEx deferral need to be weighed not only against today’s current options, but also with expected prices of future technologies. The intent isn’t to mask cost as a hurdle; rather, there are a number of diffe rent technologies nearing demonstration stages that have potential to alter the current cost of devices. This perceived ―cost‖ hurdle may become a moot point in the near future.Storage is not yet in widespread use to the point that it could serve as a consistent application to defer new transmission. As challenges of siting new transmission continue though, additional modeling of energy storage going forward can help to understand its benefits for a given capacity challenge better.梁诗密A secure energy future requires that we use energy more efficiently and responsibly and improve the performance of the energy delivery system. We launched gridSMART® in 2007 to give customers greater control over their energy usage, increase the efficiency of the electric grid, improve service to our customers and lead us to a new era of energy delivery.From a technology standpoint, gridSMART® incorporates a two-way communications system between AEP and our customers that facilitates the more efficient use of electricity. For example, gridSMART® may allow us to send price signals to customers so they can decide when to run home appliances. It can also allow us to adjust customer thermostats automatically, with their pre-approval, when demand is high and we need to lessen the stress on the electric grid.AEP Ohio is pursuing a comprehensive gridSMART® project involving 110,000 smart meters and distributed grid management technologies on 70 circuits. The $150 million project was funded with a $75 million grant from the DOE, in-kind contributions from vendors and regulatory recovery support from Ohio regulators. The project features smart meters,time-of-use tariffs, home energy use display devices, smart grid-enabled appliances, plug-in electric vehicles, distributed automation equipment, community energy storage devices and a cyber security center.Our most extensive smart meter deployment project is in Texas, where we are installing close to 1 million smart meters. In addition, Indiana Michigan Power Co. (I&M) and Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO) are deploying smart grid technology pilots in their states.Our initial goal was to install 5 million smart meters by 2015 throughout the AEP system. Through our early deployments we hope to determine if the expense of the meters is offset by the benefits. We will continue to pursue the deployment of these smart grid technologies where regulators are supportive and there is a proven business case. We believe modernizing the grid is critical to reducing demand and energy consumption, contributing to energy reliability and security, and preparing for the future needs of customers.Get a state-by-state breakdown of gridSMART initiativesWe believe gridSMART® will transform our relationship with our customers and through our current projects we are learning more about how that will occur. For example, we have learned that:The technology that allows us to manage the grid from our back office systems, such as remote operation of the meter and distribution automation equipment, works asexpected. The technology that goes beyond the meter, into the customers’ home, is still evolving.A significant number of customers who participated in the time-of-day rate plan didshift their demand to different times. In a larger scale deployment, this program could provide relief to the distribution systems during peak times.Better system management, fewer crew trips, reduced fuel consumption, better energy theft detection and streamlined billing can create cost savings.When customers agree to the program, we can directly control electric use through wireless technology (e.g. a two-way communicating thermostat) which allows us to raise the temperature in homes to ease stress on the grid and help customers save energy during the cooling season.More education of consumers will be needed in future projects.For more data, please see indicators EU1 through EU12 of AEP's Global Reporting Initiative Electric Utility Sector Supplement.吕思颖Are geothermal power plants safe?For all our hand-wringing over the oil supply, it might shock you to realize that the solution to our dependence on fossil fuels lies right under our feet. In Western states like California, Nevada, Idaho, Alaska and Hawaii, underground pockets of geothermal energy — hot rock, superheated water and steam — can be tapped to generate electricity. According to backers of geothermal technology like Google, this carbon-neutral, inexhaustible energy source could meet 15 percent of America's electricity needs by 2030.Harnessing SteamIn the simplest geothermal power plant, called a dry steam plant, a well is drilled into the rock to tap a steam reservoir. The steam escapes the well under great pressure, which is used to turn a turbine and generate electricity.Since steam deposits aren't as common as hot water and hot rock reserves, the most promising geothermal technology is called a binary-cycle power plant. In this system, hot water from a deep well circulates through a heat exchanger. There, the。

高中英语说课稿精读

高中英语说课稿精读尊敬的各位老师、同事们，大家好！今天我要为大家说课的题目是高中英语教学中的精读课。

精读课是高中英语教学中的重要组成部分，它旨在通过对精选文章的深入学习，帮助学生提高阅读理解能力、词汇运用能力以及语言感知能力。

接下来，我将从教材分析、教学目标、教学方法、教学过程、板书设计和教学反思六个方面进行详细的阐述。

首先，我们来进行教材分析。

本次精读课选取的是高中英语教材中的一篇经典文章——《The Power of Reading》。

这篇文章通过讲述一个普通人通过阅读改变命运的故事，强调了阅读的重要性。

文章语言地道，结构清晰，既有丰富的词汇，又包含了多样的句式，非常适合作为精读材料。

接下来，我将明确本节课的教学目标。

根据最新的高中英语课程标准，结合本文的特点，我设定了以下三个教学目标：1. 知识与技能目标：学生能够理解文章大意，掌握文章中的关键词汇和句型，并能够运用这些词汇和句型进行简单的表达。

2. 过程与方法目标：通过精读训练，学生能够提高自己的阅读理解技巧，如预测、推理、归纳等，并能够通过小组合作学习，提高交流与合作的能力。

3. 情感态度与价值观目标：激发学生对阅读的兴趣，培养他们终身学习的观念，同时引导学生认识到知识的力量，鼓励他们通过阅读来丰富自己的精神世界。

在教学方法上，我将采用任务型教学法和合作学习法相结合的方式。

通过设计不同层次的任务，引导学生逐步深入理解文章内容。

同时，通过小组合作，让学生在交流中学习，在学习中交流，提高他们的语言实际运用能力。

教学过程分为以下几个步骤：1. 导入新课：通过提问和讨论的方式，引导学生思考阅读的重要性，为学习文章做好铺垫。

2. 阅读前活动：让学生快速浏览文章，预测文章内容，培养学生的预测能力。

3. 精读活动：学生细读文章，教师适时解释关键词汇和句型，并通过问题引导，帮助学生理解文章细节。

4. 阅读后活动：学生通过小组合作，完成相关任务，如角色扮演、复述文章、讨论文章主题等，巩固所学知识。

英语专业精读课后

Unite 1Paraphrasing(1) This ability to take familiar bits of language and to combine them to make new words and sentences is what sets language apart from other ways that human beings use to communicate.=Because of the existence of morphological and syntactic rules, language enables to create new words and sentences making use of available materials. This is not possible with other ways that we use to communicate, such as the use of facial expressions or bodily gestures.(2) We have to beware the word ‘language’. It’s often used in a vivid way to mean any kind of connection between people.=We have to be cautious about the use of “language” because it is often used figuratively, refering to any means of communication (body language) or even the basis of mutual understanding (speaking the same language).(3) We learn many rules of grammar in order to express different meanings, such as changing the order of words in a sentence. But we don’t have rules which change the order of our facial expressions to express different meanings.=Facial expressions are different from real language in that there are no grammatical rules such as word order to help us express different meanings when we communicate with facial expressions.(4) If I have the ability, I can paint them, draw them, sculpt them, dance them, compose them into a symphony or a ballet or a piece of jazz, and express myself in all the ways that are called “arts and crafts”.= “Arts and crafts” are also means of communication. If I have the ability, I can express my thoughts and feelings in painting, drawing, sculpture, dance and music.(5) In our everyday lives we produce and comprehend language with such apparent ease that we take it for granted. Yet the ease with which we use language belies a level of complexity of immense proportions.=Our everyday use of our native language, whether to express ourselves or to understand others, is so easy that we have never realized the great complexity behind this simple fact. Translation（1）Once we’ve learned a few thousand words, and learned the ways our language allows us to put them together into sentences, we can say things that nobody has ever said before. 一旦我们掌握了数千个单词和语言所允许的将这些单词组合成句的方法，我们就可以说出别人从未说过的话。

大学英语精读1第三版课文英汉对照

UNIT 1As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier.课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。

Some Strategies for Learning EnglishLearning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.学习英语绝非易事。

它需要刻苦和长期努力。

Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。

以下便是其中的几种。

1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。

2019年大学英语精读范文

2019年大学英语精读范文篇一：大学英语精读第一册英汉对照课文CollegeEnglishIntensiveReadingBook1大学英语精读第一册Book1Jd101.mp3第一册Unit1第一单元想知道怎样提高你的成绩而又不必花太多的时间去学习吗？听上去是不是好得令人难以臵信呢？那就读读看吧……Wanttoknowhowtoimproveyourgradeswithouthavingtospendmoretim estudying?Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Well,readon...HowtoImproveYourStudyHabitsPerhapsyouareanaveragestudentwithaverageintelligence.Youdow ellenoughinschool,butyouprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstud ent.Thisisnotnecessarilythecase,however.Youcanreceivebetter gradesifyouwantto.Yes,evenstudentsofaverageintelligencecanb etopstudentswithoutadditionalwork.Here'show:1.Planyourtimecarefully.Makealistofyourweeklytasks.Thenmake ascheduleorchartofyourtime.Fillinmittedtimesuchaseating,sle eping,meetings,classes,etc.Thendecideongood,regulartimesfor studying.Besuretosetasideenoughtimetopleteyournormalreading andworkassignments.Ofcourse,studyingshouldn'toccupyallofthe freetimeontheschedule.It'simportanttosetasidetimeforrelaxat ion,hobbies,andentertainmentaswell.Thisweeklyschedulemaynot solveallofyourproblems,butitwillmakeyoumoreawareofhowyouspe ndyourtime.Furthermore,itwillenableyoutoplanyouractivitiess othatyouhaveadequatetimeforbothworkandplay.2.Findagoodplacetostudy.Chooseoneplaceforyourstudyarea.Itma ybeadeskorachairathomeorintheschoollibrary,butitshouldbefor table,anditshouldnothavedistractions.Whenyoubegintowork,you shouldbeabletoconcentrateonthesubject.3.Skimbeforeyouread.T hismeanslookingoverapassagequicklybeforeyoubegintoreaditmor ecarefully.Asyoupreviewthematerial,yougetsomeideaoftheconte terwhenyoubegintoreadyouwillrecogni zelessimportantmaterialandyoumayskipsomeoftheseportions.Ski mminghelpsdoubleyourreadingspeedandimprovesyourprehensionas well.·1·你也许是个智力一般的普通学生。

大学英语一等奖说课稿演示文稿

学习
大学英语
专业英语
第二十四页，共30页。
3.3 学生风采
高中英语
学习
大学英语
专业英语
第二十五页，共30页。
3.3 学生风采
高中英语学习
大学英语
专业英语
第二十六页，共30页。
3.4 课程管理
1.实施集体备课，统一教案编写； 2.合理安排教学进度
包括：课程介绍；教学大纲及考试大纲；教学方法高及中教英语学手段；授课计划；授课教案；电子教案；作学业习习题；试题库大；学英课语程考核。专业英语
第十页，共30页。
2.4 教学条件
1.师资：博士1名、副教授2名，讲师8名，其中海归教师3 名，基本实现全硕士 2.硬件设备：语音室、多媒体教室、自主学习室
3.图书馆 4.资料室
第十一页，共30页。
2.5 内容定位
知识点高中英语
学习
能力点
大学英语
素质点
专业英语
第十二页，共30页。
２.6 重点、难点
第十三页，共30页。
2.7教学方法
1.交际教学法 2.任务型教学法
3.角色表演法 4.多媒体辅助教学
第十四页，共30页。
教学活动掠影
第十五页，共30页。
教学活动掠影
第十六页，共30页。
教学活动掠影
第十七页，共30页。
2.8 课程考核
平时成绩
30％
出勤、课堂表现、课外自主学习
和作业
考试成绩
重点:
1.传统英语教学法与当代英语教学法相结合。区别对待教学中的大量语言材料。 2.教学过程中，以学生为中心，让学生积极参与课堂教学
活动，增强学生独立思考与解决问题的能力，培养他们的创新意识与创新能力。

英语专业精读课件

is desire and thirst of various sorts, all of which are doomed to be unsatisfactory since they falsely ascribe permanence to what is, in reality, impermanent. • However, the root cause of both desire and hatred is the ignorance which posits a false idea about the self's permanence. Thinking, mistakenly, that the self, soul, or ego exists permanently causes us to desire certain things while it generates aversion towards others.
• The Fourth Noble Truth tells us that there is a Path that leads to the cessation（中止）of suffering. • Once we have determined that samsara（轮回） is unsatisfactory, we should enter upon the path and, traversing it, through undertaking various methods of meditation and practice, attain the enlightenment of the Buddha. • The multifacetness of Buddhist traditions throughout Asia and over its 2600 year history derives from the great variety of meditative techniques and methods offered under the rubric of the "Path."

大学英语专业精读课件

3
the words Confucius said & Analysis of complex sentences
Line 12 Rotten wood cannot be carved, a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel! What is the use of my trying to teach this fellow! You cannot carve anything out of rotten wood nor plaster up wall built up of rubbish. 朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也【注释】 (1)粪土：腐土、脏土. (2)圬：音wū,抹墙用的抹子.这里指用抹子粉刷墙壁. 译文：腐烂的木头不可以雕刻。用脏土垒砌的墙面不堪涂抹！
Line 58
9
dour
[ˈdauə(r)]
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
collocation:
dour determination:固执的决定
rather dour:脸色阴沉
10
turn out to be: 结果是，原来是，证明是 turn sth. inside out: 把某处翻得乱七八糟 distinguish for: 因…而出名 Distinguish…from…: 辨别，把…与…区分开来 2016/10/26
derivation:
mediocrity : 平庸;平凡; 庸人 mediocracy: 平庸主义;庸人统治
synonym: ordinary; medium antonym: extraordinary;extreme
2016/10/26

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英语专业精读课后文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]Unite 1Paraphrasing(1) This ability to take familiar bits of language and to combine them to make new words and sentences is what sets language apart from other ways that human beings use to communicate.=Because of the existence of morphological and syntactic rules, language enables to create new words and sentences making use of available materials. This is not possible with other ways that we use to communicate, such as the use of facial expressions or bodily gestures.(2) We have to beware the word ‘language’. It’s often used ina vivid way to mean any kind of connection between people.=We have to be cautious about the use of “language” because it is often used figuratively, refering to any means of communication (body language) or even the basis of mutual understanding (speaking the same language).(3) We learn many rules of grammar in order to express different meanings, such as changing the order of words in a sentence. But we don’t have rules which change the order of our facial expressions to express different meanings.=Facial expressions are different from real language in that there are no grammatical rules such as word order to help us express different meanings when we communicate with facial expressions.(4) If I have the ability, I can paint them, draw them, sculpt them, dance them, compose them into a symphony or a ballet or a piece of jazz, and express myself in all the ways that are called “arts and crafts”.= “Arts and crafts” are also means of communication. If I have the ability, I can express my thoughts and feelings in painting, drawing, sculpture, dance and music.(5) In our everyday lives we produce and comprehend language with such apparent ease that we take it for granted. Yet the ease with which we use language belies a level of complexity of immense proportions.=Our everyday use of our native language, whether to express ourselves or to understand others, is so easy that we have never realized the great complexity behind this simple fact.Translation（1）Once we’ve learned a few thousand words, and learned the ways our language allows us to put them together into sentences, we can say things that nobody has ever said before.一旦我们掌握了数千个单词和语言所允许的将这些单词组合成句的方法，我们就可以说出别人从未说过的话。

（2）When people use their faces or hands to show their feelings, they’re doing something that is very different from what they do when they speak, write, or use a deaf sign language.当人们用脸或手来表达情感的时候，他们所做的是一件与说话、书写或者使用聋人手语很不一样的事情。

（3）Language allows us to talk about our experience of the world in a way that no other means of communication can.语言使我们能够以一种其他交际手段所不能比拟的方式谈论我们对世界的体验。

（4）那件鲜红的大衣使她在姑娘们中间显得特别突出。

(apart from)Her bright red coat set her?apart?from the other girls.（5）我们的触觉能力也可以演绎出一套语言。

(develop into)Our ability to touch can also be developed into a language.（6）他以蛮横无理的方式对他的助手们发号施令。

He orders his assistants around?inaway that is very offensive.（7）与书面语不同的是，我们在口语中并不是按照段落或章节来组织思想的。

Unlike writing, our thoughts are not framed in paragraphs or chapters in speech.Unite 3Paraphrasing(1) Scollon points out that Athabaskan Indians consider it inappropriate to talk to strangers, and that this has an odd effect when an Athabaskan meets a non-Athabaskan, white or black. One wants to get to know the other by talking and the other feels it is inappropriate to talk until they know each other.=Athabaskan Indians consider that it is inappropriate to talk to people they do not know. According to Scollon, this causes a strange effect when the Athabaskan Indians meet people from other cultures. The non-Athabaskans may want to make acquaintance with the Athabaskans by talking to them, but the Athabaskans will not talk to the non- Athabaskans before they become acquaintances. (2) As she puts it, Gonjans are so aware of the indirect function of questions to implyunstated meaning that“the pure information question hasn't gota chance.”=Gonjans take it for granted that questions are always asked to achieve indirect functions, so they never ask questions for pure information.(3) This is the value associated with "getting down to brass tacks" and "stickingto facts"-values taken for granted in American business and education, and perhaps more generally by American men.=The Americans usually take it for granted that in communication people should be direct and say no more or less than needed, and that what people say is exactly what they mean. This isespecially true in business and education and applies more to American men than to women.(4) To the extent that no two people have exactly the same communicativebackground, to that extent, all communication is cross-cultural, and understanding cross cultural communication is a means to understanding language at the same time, it is also a means to understanding and, one hopes, improving problems and tasks facing the world and the people in it, including the task of teachingand learning new languages.=No two people have just the same cultural background. Therefore, all communication is cross-cultural to some extent. In this sense,understanding cross-cultural communication can help us understandthe nature of language and tackle problems in the world, especially those caused by and related to the use of language, e.g. obstacles in foreign language teaching and learning.Translation(1)Just as physicists understand the nature of physical elements by observing theirbehavior in various environments and in interaction with other elements, so wecome to understand the nature of language by observing it in communicationand in contact with other systems of communication.物理学家通过观察物质元素在不同环境中的表现及其与其他物质的相互作用来理解它们的本质。