c3翻译的基本技巧1 英汉互译课件
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速度很快的车，迅速发展，节奏快的音 乐，匆匆之行，不易褪掉的颜色，快速 感光胶卷，酣睡， 开斋喝了点牛奶，牢 牢地陷在泥巴里
在这种情况下 这种情况必须改变。 现在的情况不同了。 他们的情况怎么样？ 前线有什么情况？ 我们可能去哪儿，那得看情况而定。
under such circumstances This state of affairs must change. Now things are different. How do matters stand with them? How is the situation at the front? We may go there, but that depends.
translations include:
Diction （选词用字） Conversion（转换）
Repetition （重复）Amplification（增词法）
Omission（省略法）
Negation vs. Affirmation （正反交替）
Restructuring/Inversion （词序调整）
Diction Conversion Exercises in class Assignments
agreement 同意 an agreement 协定
people 人民 a people 民族
hostility 敌意 hostilities 战争
uBaidu Nhomakorabeae
使用 uses 用途
work 工作 works 工厂、著作
8. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American TV.
1. 这场战争将成为这代人所经历的最重大的事件。 (event)
2. 现在的情况完全不同了。(situation)
3. 有些未获准参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。 (inside situation )
3. Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.
4. He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.
5. The Rita Hayworth’s story is one of the saddest.
词义引申
根据上下文不拘于词的字面意义或词典提供的 释义，而对词义作必要的调整与变动，揭示词 与词之间的内在联系，按照汉语的表达方式译 出。
引申不仅仅局限于以词作翻译单位，词组和句 子作翻译单位时也经常用到引申法，以着力表 达词组和句子的内在含义。
原有的意义和引申出的意义基本上是一致的， 只是有了一些变化。1、从新的角度以新的形 式来体现原文中的含义。2、译文明确表达原 文中词语本身及其与上下文间所蕴含的意义， 是表达的深度和广度的调整。
22岁的时候，他生平第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。
褒贬的引申
Edison invented the gramophone and the electric light.
This kind of people sometimes invent excuses to go out of work.
爱迪生发明了留声机和电灯。 这种人有时编造借口不去上班。
E.g. I’ll finish the book next week.
More examples:
1. This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.
2. It is quite another story now.
他进入哈佛大学的机会微乎其微。
His new car made him the envy of every boy in the neighborhood.
他有一辆新车，为此他成了邻里男孩们羡慕的对象。
At 22, he had first learned what it is to be a negro.
引申包括词义含蓄成分的引申、表情成分的引申、 修辞意义上的引申、概念大小的引申、程度的引申、 虚实的引申、词义的褒贬引申等等。
E.g. She looked up to see Amelia crooking a finger from the half darkness of the hall. “You back? What is it?” asked Amelia crossly?
Division（长句拆译）
The Disposal of the Passive Voice
The Rendering of the Technical Terms
The Rendering of the Long and Involved
Sentences
etc.
Procedures of today:
各国社会制度的不同，不应妨碍彼此接近和相互合作。
He caught the ball with his left hand.
他用左手接球。
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
6. What a story! I don’t believe a word of it.
7. Last December the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refuse to confirm the story.
生活总是有甜有苦。
虚实的引申
How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart?
评论家和读者之间，也就是理智与情感之间的这种分
歧如何解释呢？
His chances of getting into Harvard are one out of hundred.
汉语是一种动词显著语言，因此英译汉的词类 转换最重要的一项就是将英语的各种词类转换 成汉语动词。
汉译英则需将汉语中大量的动词转换为名词、 形容词、介词、副词等。
转译成动词
Converting into Verbs
Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
No violation of this principle can be tolerated.
街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。
Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray.
空气是这样的清香，使人感到分外凉爽、舒畅。
根据上下文确定词义 p.36 by means of the context
语境（context）指产生语言活动的环境， 包括时间、空间、语言交际参与者及语 言活动的目的，反映在文字材料中也称 上下文。
真实语境中的词语绝非词典中孤立的个 体，而是与其所处的句、段、篇，乃至 更宽泛的非语言环境如情感、文化、社 会等因素密切相连。
advice 忠告 advices 通知
color 颜色 colors 颜色、旗帜
根据词的搭配确定词义p.35 by means of collocation
a fast car, the fast growth, fast music, a fast journey, fast color, a fast film, fast asleep, break one’s fast by drinking some milk, stick fast in the mud
她一抬头，看见艾米利亚站在半明半暗的门厅里弯弯手指 叫她过去。“你回来啦？什么事？”艾米利亚没好气地问。
It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.
不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。
Every life has its roses and thorns.
第三章 翻译的基本技巧 Translation techniques
第一部分 Part One
Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques that merit our attention and are to be
applied in English-Chinese or Chinese-English
雄伟的人民大会堂给我们留下了深刻的印象。
The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us tremendously.
“形状”、“地位”、“态度”、“特点”、 “目的”、“定义”等在英译汉时可译为动词。
转译成名词
Converting into Nouns
Their experiment is over.
他们的试验结束了。
该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛、经久耐用。
The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.
由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响，对卫 星的活动必须加以密切的观察。
Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.
罗宾汉和她可爱的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。
绝不允许违反这个原则。
The air was fresh and fragrant; it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.
电导率在选择电气材料时很重要。
Electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials.
To them, he personified absolute power.
在他们看来，他就是绝对权力的化身。
Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth.
4. 如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。(statement) 5. 丽泰·海华丝的遭遇算最惨的了。(experience) 6. 弥天大谎！我只字不信。(lie) 7. 去年12月，《邮报》首先报道调查工作已在那些城市
里进行，但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。(news)
8. 报道中对他的渲染减少了，不久就从美国电视上销声 匿迹了。(report)
He stole a glance at the pretty girl across the table.
他偷偷地看了看桌子对面那漂亮的女孩一眼。
Conversion
在翻译过程中，由于两种语言在语法和行为习 惯上的差异，有时必须改变原文某些词语的词 类或句子成分才能有效地传达出原文的准确意 思。
转译成形容词
Converting into Adjectives
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
在这种情况下 这种情况必须改变。 现在的情况不同了。 他们的情况怎么样？ 前线有什么情况？ 我们可能去哪儿，那得看情况而定。
under such circumstances This state of affairs must change. Now things are different. How do matters stand with them? How is the situation at the front? We may go there, but that depends.
translations include:
Diction （选词用字） Conversion（转换）
Repetition （重复）Amplification（增词法）
Omission（省略法）
Negation vs. Affirmation （正反交替）
Restructuring/Inversion （词序调整）
Diction Conversion Exercises in class Assignments
agreement 同意 an agreement 协定
people 人民 a people 民族
hostility 敌意 hostilities 战争
uBaidu Nhomakorabeae
使用 uses 用途
work 工作 works 工厂、著作
8. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American TV.
1. 这场战争将成为这代人所经历的最重大的事件。 (event)
2. 现在的情况完全不同了。(situation)
3. 有些未获准参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。 (inside situation )
3. Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.
4. He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.
5. The Rita Hayworth’s story is one of the saddest.
词义引申
根据上下文不拘于词的字面意义或词典提供的 释义，而对词义作必要的调整与变动，揭示词 与词之间的内在联系，按照汉语的表达方式译 出。
引申不仅仅局限于以词作翻译单位，词组和句 子作翻译单位时也经常用到引申法，以着力表 达词组和句子的内在含义。
原有的意义和引申出的意义基本上是一致的， 只是有了一些变化。1、从新的角度以新的形 式来体现原文中的含义。2、译文明确表达原 文中词语本身及其与上下文间所蕴含的意义， 是表达的深度和广度的调整。
22岁的时候，他生平第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。
褒贬的引申
Edison invented the gramophone and the electric light.
This kind of people sometimes invent excuses to go out of work.
爱迪生发明了留声机和电灯。 这种人有时编造借口不去上班。
E.g. I’ll finish the book next week.
More examples:
1. This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.
2. It is quite another story now.
他进入哈佛大学的机会微乎其微。
His new car made him the envy of every boy in the neighborhood.
他有一辆新车，为此他成了邻里男孩们羡慕的对象。
At 22, he had first learned what it is to be a negro.
引申包括词义含蓄成分的引申、表情成分的引申、 修辞意义上的引申、概念大小的引申、程度的引申、 虚实的引申、词义的褒贬引申等等。
E.g. She looked up to see Amelia crooking a finger from the half darkness of the hall. “You back? What is it?” asked Amelia crossly?
Division（长句拆译）
The Disposal of the Passive Voice
The Rendering of the Technical Terms
The Rendering of the Long and Involved
Sentences
etc.
Procedures of today:
各国社会制度的不同，不应妨碍彼此接近和相互合作。
He caught the ball with his left hand.
他用左手接球。
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
6. What a story! I don’t believe a word of it.
7. Last December the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refuse to confirm the story.
生活总是有甜有苦。
虚实的引申
How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart?
评论家和读者之间，也就是理智与情感之间的这种分
歧如何解释呢？
His chances of getting into Harvard are one out of hundred.
汉语是一种动词显著语言，因此英译汉的词类 转换最重要的一项就是将英语的各种词类转换 成汉语动词。
汉译英则需将汉语中大量的动词转换为名词、 形容词、介词、副词等。
转译成动词
Converting into Verbs
Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
No violation of this principle can be tolerated.
街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。
Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray.
空气是这样的清香，使人感到分外凉爽、舒畅。
根据上下文确定词义 p.36 by means of the context
语境（context）指产生语言活动的环境， 包括时间、空间、语言交际参与者及语 言活动的目的，反映在文字材料中也称 上下文。
真实语境中的词语绝非词典中孤立的个 体，而是与其所处的句、段、篇，乃至 更宽泛的非语言环境如情感、文化、社 会等因素密切相连。
advice 忠告 advices 通知
color 颜色 colors 颜色、旗帜
根据词的搭配确定词义p.35 by means of collocation
a fast car, the fast growth, fast music, a fast journey, fast color, a fast film, fast asleep, break one’s fast by drinking some milk, stick fast in the mud
她一抬头，看见艾米利亚站在半明半暗的门厅里弯弯手指 叫她过去。“你回来啦？什么事？”艾米利亚没好气地问。
It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.
不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。
Every life has its roses and thorns.
第三章 翻译的基本技巧 Translation techniques
第一部分 Part One
Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques that merit our attention and are to be
applied in English-Chinese or Chinese-English
雄伟的人民大会堂给我们留下了深刻的印象。
The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us tremendously.
“形状”、“地位”、“态度”、“特点”、 “目的”、“定义”等在英译汉时可译为动词。
转译成名词
Converting into Nouns
Their experiment is over.
他们的试验结束了。
该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛、经久耐用。
The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.
由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响，对卫 星的活动必须加以密切的观察。
Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.
罗宾汉和她可爱的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。
绝不允许违反这个原则。
The air was fresh and fragrant; it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.
电导率在选择电气材料时很重要。
Electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials.
To them, he personified absolute power.
在他们看来，他就是绝对权力的化身。
Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth.
4. 如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。(statement) 5. 丽泰·海华丝的遭遇算最惨的了。(experience) 6. 弥天大谎！我只字不信。(lie) 7. 去年12月，《邮报》首先报道调查工作已在那些城市
里进行，但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。(news)
8. 报道中对他的渲染减少了，不久就从美国电视上销声 匿迹了。(report)
He stole a glance at the pretty girl across the table.
他偷偷地看了看桌子对面那漂亮的女孩一眼。
Conversion
在翻译过程中，由于两种语言在语法和行为习 惯上的差异，有时必须改变原文某些词语的词 类或句子成分才能有效地传达出原文的准确意 思。
转译成形容词
Converting into Adjectives
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.