hiv ppt课件.
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• High mutation rate • Quacispecies ( 1000~10000/ml) • Stimulate Ab via diverse region of gp120
Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection
• Antibody detection tests (late infection): Ab to P24, RT, gp120
The picture of HIV infected patients
Viral life cycle of HIV
HIV Virion
HIV-1 and HIV-2 retroviruses
RNA genome (2 copies) reversed transcribed into DNA
• In California five young gay men developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)-an unusual lung infection
What was happenning?
The History of HIV’s discovery
HSIIVV-g1 sgnenome
LTR gag pol
vpr vif
rev
tat vpu
env
rev tat
LTR nef
Stages of HIV Infection
The progress of HIV looks like a wrecked train
Viral load = speed of the train CD4 cell number =the distance leaving behind
Syndrome-it involves a range of illness, not a single disease
The History of HIV’s
discovery
The 1980s
The picture of AIDS as an American gay disease began to change
Doctors in Uganda noticed a new wasting disease locally known as “slim”
Heterosexual women were found to have AIDS
Discovery of HIV in China
June 1985 the first case (American Argentina) was found in China
The History of HIV’s discovery
CD4-T↓ severe immunodeficiency dead in a short time
GRID (Gay related immunodeficiency)
The History of HIV’s discovery
1982-- Luc Montagnier 1983-- Francoise.Barre'-sinoussi RT was detected
Lymphadenopathy associated Virus (LAV)
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
The History of HIV’s discovery
1984-Apr--Robert C.Gallo, HTLV III (Human T-lymphocytic
Virus)
1984-May--《Science》
HIV-2 (sooty mangabey)
• Group A - epidemic in West Africa • Group B - epidemic in West Africa • Groups C-H - unique cases
Env protein divergence:
HIV-1 v. HIV-2: 60% HIV-1 M v. O: 50% HIV-1 M subtypes: 30%
Time taken to develop AIDS from beginning of HIV infection
• 5 years
----
• 8 years
----
• 15 years
----
20% 50% 60%
60% of HIV infected individuals will develop AIDS after a variable period after averaging about 8 years
Colon, Duodenum and Rectum Chromaffin Cells
Lymphocytes in Blood, Semen and Vaginal Fluid
Bone Marrow
Skin Langerhans?Cells
Brain Macrophages and Glial Cells
People with haemophilia showed symptoms of the new disease
People who injected drugs began to develop symptoms of AIDS
People in many European countries began to develop the symptoms of AIDS
The History of HIV’s discovery
• 1986-- HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) was named by
the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
The History of HIV’s discovery
The new disease became known as AIDS
Acquired-people acquire the disease, but they don’t inherit it
Immune-it affects the immune system of the body
Deficiency-the immune system stop working properly
Antigen detection tests (acute infection): P24 antigen (viral protein) proviral DNA (by PCR)
1984-1985 four cases of AIDS resulted from
ARMOUR VIII donation
Aug 1989 146 HIV(+) were found in Yunnan
Origins of HIV?
HIV-1(chimpanzee)
• Group M - global (subtypes A-K) • Group N - very rare • Group O - rare
Pathogenesis of HIV
Pathogenesis of HIV
Pathogenesis of HIV
Pathogenesis of HIV
HIV attack T cell
Pathogenesis of HIV
The Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection: Compartments
individuals • 10 billion virions produced each day
The comparison of HIV genome &human genome
• HIV: 9
Human:20000~25000
mutation rate= 100X
HIV-clever virus
Pathogenesis of HIV
Toll of HIV & AIDS epidemic
First case of AIDS was reported from USA in 1981
Nearly 60 million people have been infected
More than 25 million people have died of AIDS
Some important notes for HIV reproduction
• The half life of free HIV in plasma is 6 hours • The half life of CD4 is 1.6 days • Each generation of virus takes 2.6 days • 140 generations per year within one
Lymph Nodes
Thymus Gland
Lung Alveolar Macrophages
The picture of HIV infected patients
The picture of HIV infected patients
The picture of HIV infected patients
Discovery of HIV & it’s pathogenesis
The Nobel Prize in Physiology / Medicine 2008
The History of HIV’s discovery
1981
• In New york several young gay men developed Kaposis’sarcoma- a rare cancer usually affected old people
A new disease……
Immune system related? Cytomegalovirus?-a virus found in more than
half of the population Poppers?-drugs heavily used in the gay
community
Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection
• Antibody detection tests (late infection): Ab to P24, RT, gp120
The picture of HIV infected patients
Viral life cycle of HIV
HIV Virion
HIV-1 and HIV-2 retroviruses
RNA genome (2 copies) reversed transcribed into DNA
• In California five young gay men developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)-an unusual lung infection
What was happenning?
The History of HIV’s discovery
HSIIVV-g1 sgnenome
LTR gag pol
vpr vif
rev
tat vpu
env
rev tat
LTR nef
Stages of HIV Infection
The progress of HIV looks like a wrecked train
Viral load = speed of the train CD4 cell number =the distance leaving behind
Syndrome-it involves a range of illness, not a single disease
The History of HIV’s
discovery
The 1980s
The picture of AIDS as an American gay disease began to change
Doctors in Uganda noticed a new wasting disease locally known as “slim”
Heterosexual women were found to have AIDS
Discovery of HIV in China
June 1985 the first case (American Argentina) was found in China
The History of HIV’s discovery
CD4-T↓ severe immunodeficiency dead in a short time
GRID (Gay related immunodeficiency)
The History of HIV’s discovery
1982-- Luc Montagnier 1983-- Francoise.Barre'-sinoussi RT was detected
Lymphadenopathy associated Virus (LAV)
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
The History of HIV’s discovery
1984-Apr--Robert C.Gallo, HTLV III (Human T-lymphocytic
Virus)
1984-May--《Science》
HIV-2 (sooty mangabey)
• Group A - epidemic in West Africa • Group B - epidemic in West Africa • Groups C-H - unique cases
Env protein divergence:
HIV-1 v. HIV-2: 60% HIV-1 M v. O: 50% HIV-1 M subtypes: 30%
Time taken to develop AIDS from beginning of HIV infection
• 5 years
----
• 8 years
----
• 15 years
----
20% 50% 60%
60% of HIV infected individuals will develop AIDS after a variable period after averaging about 8 years
Colon, Duodenum and Rectum Chromaffin Cells
Lymphocytes in Blood, Semen and Vaginal Fluid
Bone Marrow
Skin Langerhans?Cells
Brain Macrophages and Glial Cells
People with haemophilia showed symptoms of the new disease
People who injected drugs began to develop symptoms of AIDS
People in many European countries began to develop the symptoms of AIDS
The History of HIV’s discovery
• 1986-- HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) was named by
the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
The History of HIV’s discovery
The new disease became known as AIDS
Acquired-people acquire the disease, but they don’t inherit it
Immune-it affects the immune system of the body
Deficiency-the immune system stop working properly
Antigen detection tests (acute infection): P24 antigen (viral protein) proviral DNA (by PCR)
1984-1985 four cases of AIDS resulted from
ARMOUR VIII donation
Aug 1989 146 HIV(+) were found in Yunnan
Origins of HIV?
HIV-1(chimpanzee)
• Group M - global (subtypes A-K) • Group N - very rare • Group O - rare
Pathogenesis of HIV
Pathogenesis of HIV
Pathogenesis of HIV
Pathogenesis of HIV
HIV attack T cell
Pathogenesis of HIV
The Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection: Compartments
individuals • 10 billion virions produced each day
The comparison of HIV genome &human genome
• HIV: 9
Human:20000~25000
mutation rate= 100X
HIV-clever virus
Pathogenesis of HIV
Toll of HIV & AIDS epidemic
First case of AIDS was reported from USA in 1981
Nearly 60 million people have been infected
More than 25 million people have died of AIDS
Some important notes for HIV reproduction
• The half life of free HIV in plasma is 6 hours • The half life of CD4 is 1.6 days • Each generation of virus takes 2.6 days • 140 generations per year within one
Lymph Nodes
Thymus Gland
Lung Alveolar Macrophages
The picture of HIV infected patients
The picture of HIV infected patients
The picture of HIV infected patients
Discovery of HIV & it’s pathogenesis
The Nobel Prize in Physiology / Medicine 2008
The History of HIV’s discovery
1981
• In New york several young gay men developed Kaposis’sarcoma- a rare cancer usually affected old people
A new disease……
Immune system related? Cytomegalovirus?-a virus found in more than
half of the population Poppers?-drugs heavily used in the gay
community