国际经贸高级英语19

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国际经贸高级英语精读1--3课课文翻译

Starting as low-income economies in the 1960s, a few economies in East Asia managed,in a few decades, to bridge all or nearly all of the income gap that separated them from the high-income economies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).Meanwhile many other developing economies stagnated .What made the difference?One way to grow is by developing hitherto unexploited land.Another is to accumulate physical capital:roads, factories, telephone networks.A third is to expand the labor force and increase its education and training.But Hong Kong (China) and Singapore had almost no land.They did invest heavily in physical capital and in educating their populations,but so did many other economies.During the 1960s through the 1980s the Soviet Union accumulated more capital as a share of its gross domestic product (GDP) than did Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, Singapore, or Taiwan (China).And it increased the education of its population in no trivial measure. Yet the Soviets generated far smaller increases in living standards during that period than did these four East Asian economies.Perhaps the difference was that the East Asian economies did not build, work, and grow harder so much as they built, worked, and gr ew smarter.Could knowledge, then, have been behind East Asia’s surge ?If so, the implications are enormous,for that would mean that knowledge is the key to development—that knowledge is development.How important was knowledge for East Asia’s growt h spurt ?This turned out not to be an easy question to answer.The many varieties of knowledge combine with its limited marketability to present a formidable challenge to anyone seeking to evaluate the effect of knowledge on economic growth.How, after all, does one put a price tag on and add up the various types of knowledge?What common denominator lets us sum the knowledge that firms use in their production processes; the knowledge that policymaking institutions use to formulate, monitor, and evaluate policies; the knowledge that people use in their economic transactions and social interactions?What is the contribution of books and journals, of R&D spending, of the stock of information and communications equipment, of the learning and know-how of scientists, engineers, and students? Compound ing the difficulty is the fact that many types of knowledge are accumulated and exchanged almost exclusively within networks, traditional groups, and professional associations.That makes it virtually impossible to put a value on such knowledge.Reflecting these difficulties in quantify ing knowledge,efforts to evaluate the aggregate impact of knowledge on growth have often proceeded indirectly, by postulat ing that knowledge explains the part of growth that cannot be explained by the accumulation of tangible and identifiable factors, such as labor or capital.The growth not accounted for by these factors of production—the residual in the calculation—is attributed to growth in their productivity, that is, using the other factors smarter, through knowledge.This residual is sometimes called the Solow residual, after the economist Robert M. Solow,who spearheaded the approach in the 1950s,and what it purports to measure is conventionally called total factor productivity (TFP) growth.Some also call the Solow residual a measure of our ignorance ,because it represents what we cannot account for. Indeed, we must be careful not to attribute all of TFP growth to knowledge,or there may be other factors lurking in the Solow residual.Many other things do contribute to growth—institutions are an example—but are not reflected in the contributions of the more measurable factors.Their effect is (so far) inextricably woven into TFP growth.In early TFP analyses,physical capital was modeled as the only country-specific factor that could be accumulated to better people’s lives.Technical progress and other intangible factors were said to be universal, equally available to all people in all countries,and thus could not explain growth differencesbetween countries.Their contributions to growth were lumped with the TFP growth numbers.Although this assumption was convenient, it quickly became obvious that physical capital was not the only factor whose accumulation drove economic growth. A study that analyzed variations in growth rates across a large number of countries showed that the accumulation of physical capital explained less than 30 percent of those variations.The rest—70 percent or more—was attributed directly or indirectly to the intangible factors that make up TFP growth (Table 1.1).Later attempts introduced human capital to better explain the causes of economic growth.A higher level of education in the population means that more people can learn to use better technology. Education was surely a key ingredient in the success of four of the fastest-growing East Asian economies: Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan (China). Before their transformation from developing into industrializing economies, their school enrollment rates had been much higher than those of other developing countries (Table 1.2).They had also emphasized advanced scientific and technical studies—as measured by their higher ratios of students in technical fields than in even some industrial countries—thus enhancing their capacity to import sophisticated technologies.Moreover, the importance of education for economic growth had long been recognized and established empirically .One study had found that growth in years of schooling explained about 25 percent of the increase in GDP per capita in the United States between 1929 and 1982.Adding education reduced the part of growth that could not be explained,thus shrinking the haystack in which TFP growth (and knowledge) remained hidden.Some analysts even concluded, perhaps too quickly,that physical and human capital, properly accounted for, explained all or virtually all of the East Asian economies’ rapid growth,leaving knowledge as a separate factor out of the picture.One re ason these analysts came up with low values for TFP growth is that they incorporated improvements in labor and equipment into their measurement of factor accumulation.So even their evidence of low TFP growth in East Asia does not refute the importance of closing knowledge gaps.Indeed, it shows that the fast-growing East Asian economies had a successful strategy to close knowledge gaps:by investing in the knowledge embodi ed in physical capital, and by investing in people and institutions to enhance the capability to absorb and use knowledge.Looking beyond East Asia,other growth accounting studies have examined larger samples of countries.Even when human capital is accounted for,the unexplained part of growth remains high.One such study, of 98 countries with an unweighted average growth rate of output per worker of 2.24 percent,found that 34 percent (0.76 percentage point) of that growth came from physical capital accumulation,20 percent (0.45 percentage point) from human capital accumulation,and as much as 46 percent (just over 1 percentage point) from TFP growth.Even more remains to be explained in variations in growth rates across countries. The same study found the combined role of human and physical capital to be as low as 9 percent, leaving the TFP residual at a staggering 91 percent.To take another example:Korea and Ghana had similarly low incomes per capita in the 1950s,but by 1991 Korea’s income per capita was more than seven times Ghana’s.Much of that gap remains unexplained even when human capital is taken into account .All these results are subject to measurement problems.For example, the measured stock of human capital may overstate the actual quantity used in producing goods and services.High rates of school enrollment or attainment (years completed) may not translate into higher rates of economic growthif the quality of education is poor, or if educated people are not employed at their potential because of distortion s in the labor market.Moreover, it is now evident that education without openness to innovation and knowledge will notlead to economic development.The people of the former Soviet Union, like the people of the OECD countries and East Asia, were highly educated, with nearly 100 percent literacy .And for an educated population it is possible,through foreign direct investment and other means,to acquire and use information about the latest production and management innovations in other countries.But the Soviet Union placed severe restrictions on foreign investment, foreign collaboration, and innovation.Its work force did not adapt and change as new information became available elsewhere in the world, and consequently its economy suffered a decline.(excerpted from World Development Report 1998/1999)一些东亚国家在20世纪60年代还是低收入国家，但是在短短的几十年之间，他们成功地弥补了其与经济合作与发展组织（OECD）中高收入国家之间的差距；与此同时，也有许多发展中国家的经济停滞不前。

国际经济与贸易专业介绍

国际经济与贸易专业介绍国际经济与贸易专业介绍（通用7篇）国际经济与贸易专业介绍专业旨在培养系统掌握经济学基本原理和国际经济、国际贸易的基本理论，掌握国际贸易的基本知识与基本技能的，能独立从事对外经济贸易管理，具有较强实务操作能力的应用型、复合型和外向型专门人才。

下面是店铺帮大家整理的国际经济与贸易专业介绍，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

国际经济与贸易专业介绍篇1统计信息（数据统计截止日期：20xx年12月30日）1、该专业20xx年全国普通高校毕业生规模：85000-90000人2、该专业20xx年全国普通高校毕业生性别比例：男37%：女63%3、该专业20xx年全国高考招生文理科比例：文科59%：理科40%：文理综合1%4、该专业近几年全国就业率区间：20xx（85%-90%）20xx （85%-90%）5、该专业全国报考硕士较集中的专业：工商管理、国际贸易学、产业经济学、金融学国际经济与贸易专业是由国际贸易、国际金融、国际投资理论及相关实务所组成的综合性学科。

该专业培养学生系统掌握国际经济及贸易的基本理论与业务知识，深入了解国际经济的发展趋势及国际市场运行规则，熟悉我国对外经贸方针、政策。

该专业强调培养学生外语的运用能力，多门课程都采用英文授课。

核心课程：世界经济、国际经济学、国际贸易理论与实务、国际金融、国际工商管理、国际经济法、国际投资理论与实务、西方公司财务、国际结算、计量经济学、金融经济学等。

就业方向：毕业生具有独立从事国际经济、国际贸易实践活动和理论研究的能力，适合在各类外企、事业单位、金融机构和政府机关工作。

国际经济与贸易专业介绍篇2三年的校园生涯即将结束，我一直信守做事尽心尽力的原则，努力学习文化知识，刻苦钻研专业技能，积极投入实践，全面充实和发展自己并取得一定的成绩。

作为一名国际贸易专业的学生，我深知英语的重要性，因此在英语学习方面我一直以高标准要求自己。

通过自己的努力，以XX的成绩通过四级考试并一次以XX分的成绩通过六级考试。

英语专业的专业方向定位和将来的就业方向

英语专业的专业方向定位和将来(jiānglái)的就业方向学习英语专业，毕业之后可以从事什么(shén me)职业？我想这是一个所有英语专业的学生都在思索的问题。

这学期，我们开设了英语专业定向课，不同的老师从各个不同的方向和角度给我们详细讲述了“英语(yīnɡ yǔ)”这个专业，也正因为这门课，让我们对未来(wèilái)的就业定位有了一定的了解，学习的时候也更有方向感和目标感。

经过(jīngguò)思考，我觉得英语专业的定位方向可以分为以下几点：1．翻译方向。

这是当下一个非常热门的专业。

主要研究中西翻译理论，翻译史，口、笔译技巧，对名家名著的翻译作品进行赏析，并从中、外文化的不同角度进行对比研究。

该课程是英语语言学与文学专业硕士研究生的主干课程之一，由翻译理论和实践两部分组成。

翻译理论主要包括翻译过程中对原文旨意、风格的分析与理解，翻译的功能，以语义翻译和交际翻译为主的各种翻译方法，翻译与文化的关系，翻译的标准等。

翻译理论课的教学目的是使学生通过系统的翻译理论学习，对国内外影响较大的翻译理论、流派、代表人物有系统的了解，为今后的翻译实践奠定扎实的理论基础。

翻译实践课的主要内容是进行与翻译理论同步的翻译实践，使学生通过翻译实践了解和熟悉各种翻译技巧，增强中英语言和文化差异对翻译影响的认识，进而提高实际翻译能力。

所学课程：口译基础、笔译基础、交替口译、接续口译、同声传译、文体翻译、文学翻译、应用文翻译、文献翻译研究与实践、西方翻译理论概要、翻译理论与技巧、口译理论与技巧、语言与翻译等。

翻译方向的就业方向很丰富，较多的毕业生选择在外事外贸部门、大型企业，大多从事翻译工作。

在这里特别把同声传方向挑出来细说一下，同声传译现在也是非常热门的一个专业方向，很多学生也是想毕业后投身同声传译行业。

所学的课程大致有，英汉笔译、汉英笔译、视译、英汉交替传译、汉英交替传译、英汉同声传译、汉英同声传译、翻译理论等这是实践性很强的研究方向，主要学习英汉、汉英的同声翻译。

国际经贸高级英语精读(罗汉)how will Bill Gates invests his money 3-Text

How Bill Gates Invests His MoneyTending the Investment PoolsAs Gates converts billions of dollars of Microsoft stock into philanthropic tender, Michael Larson will be shepherding the funds every step of the way. He will manage the foundation portfolios until the dollars are expended on syringes, scholarships, and software. “People have no idea the kind of pressure that Michael Larson operates under,” says Roger McNamee. “For one thing, he’s running money for two of the largest foundations in the world. The better he does, the more good works can be done.”Here’s how Larson’s job works. He’s in charge of three large pots of money: the two foundations and the $5 billion or so in Gates’ personal portfolio, which is mostly invested through Cascade, though there are other smallish accounts also under Larson’s auspices. Each of these three pools is discretely managed, with its own objectives and investments. And there’s one thing both Gates and Larson want to make perfectly clear. “Michael and I talk regularly about general investment matters, but he has full discretion over the portfolio.” Gates says. Larson, his usual grin gone for a second, says, “I wish everyone understood that. When people find out that Cascade has made an inv estment in something, that’s not Bill Gates. I’ll call Bill about something I’m buying if he needs to know, but Bill might not have any idea what Cascade owns.” (There are exceptions to this rule. For instance, Gates makes his own investments in biotech—more on that later.)So what’s in the portfolios? The Learning Foundation is the simplest. Because Patty Stonesifer and her crew have a fairly constant need for cash, Larson keeps this portfolio mostly in short-maturity U.S. government and corporate fixed-income securities. The William H. Gates Foundation is a little more complicated. Though it may have a smattering of stocks at any given time, it too is almost entirely in bonds—about 75% short-term U.S. governments and corporates. “The portfolio is pretty c onservatively positioned right now for a couple of reasons,” says Larson. “First, it reflects my view of the markets. And second, we just had an inflow of a couple of billion dollars.” Another reason bonds are attractive to Larson is that as new money streams in, scaling up in the fixed-income markets is much easier than in stocks.As for the other 25% of this foundation’s assets, Larson has made investments running the whole gamut of the bond market. He holds some inflation-protected Treasury bonds called TIPs, and plain-vanilla corporate bonds like Ford, Du Pont, and Time Warner (parent of Time Inc., FORTUNE’s publisher). He also has a position in junk bonds and foreign government bonds—Danish, German, Canadian—as well as foreign corporates, gobs of mortgage-backed securities, and all sorts of hedging investments. Larson farms out some 15% of the overall portfolio to bond managers at Morgan Grenfell, PIMCO, Miller Anderson & Sherrerd, and Western Asset Management. “These guys have discretion over the money we give them, but if Idon’t agree with their take on interest rates or the yen, I’ll override them by hedging,” Larson says.Gates’ $5 billion personal portfolio is another matter. First, there is the question of how much Microsoft stock Gates should ow n. “The money I have outside Microsoft is less than 10% of the total,” says Gates.“ Since we are obviously heavily weighted with Microsoft, we will sell stock periodically in order to get more diversity. It’s basically the same strategy most individual investors engage in.” (As if!) Because Microsoft stock has soared over the past few years, Gates and Larson have had to sell huge amounts of stock to maintain even the semblance of a diversified portfolio. Since the company went public, Gates has sold an average of five million Microsoft shares a quarter, adjusted for splits. That works out to around 80000 shares every single trading day, though Larson sells through a “blind program” during legal windows to avoid insider-trading charges. Larson tries to sell as quietly as he can through his favorite brokers, including DLJ, Goldman Sachs, and Allen & Co. Gates has sold some 256 million (split-adjusted) shares of Microsoft stock over the past 13 years, for about $5.16 billion. He has given away another 76 million shares.If Gates continues to sell and give away Microsoft stock, will he still hold sway over the company? “Losing control of Microsoft isn’t an issue as I give the money away,” says Gates. “No one person controls Microsoft. The board and the shareholde rs decide whether they want to have me as CEO.” (Sure, Bill.) Actually, Gates’ ownership of the company has declined steadily over the years. At the time of the IPO, he owned 44.8% of Microsoft’s stock. He now owns just about 18.5%. About half of that decline is due to dilution, brought about by the issuance of millions of shares to Microsoft employees exercising options, while the other half is due to stock sales and gifts.As for the actual content of Gates’ $5 billion portfolio (drum roll, please), it t urns out to be not that e xciting. And for good reason. “If you think about it, 90%-plus of Bill’s wealth is in a single technology stock. He really doesn’t need much, if any, equity exposure at all,” says Larson. “Right now his portfolio actually looks som ewhat like a big old bond fund.” In fact, a recent snapshot of Gates’ personal portfolio looks like this: Larson has 70%, or $3.5 billion, invested in short-term governments and corporates, with a small weighting in foreign bonds. He also owns some emerging-market debt and high-yield issues. “Basically we are short on the yield curve right now,” Larson says, again reflecting his wary view of the markets.What about the other 30%, or $1.5 billion? About half of it—$750 million—is in what Larson calls privat e equity; that’s buyout funds and direct investments, such as Gates’ stake in Teledesic, McCaw’s satellite company (Larson is on its board). That figure also includes funds run by outsiders. About 5% of Gates’ portfolio is farmed out to managers like McNam ee’s Integral Capital Partners and Blue Ridge Capital, a New York hedge fund run by John Griffin, former right-hand man of Julian Robertson at Tiger Management. Larson also has a significant amount of money in shortpositions—actually more than usual right now—which reflects his view that many stocks are fully, if not overly, valued. He also has a small amount of money with Bill Fleckenstein, who runs a short-selling fund.Of the nonbond portion of Gates’ portfolio, another $250 million is in what Larson c alls “real stuff.” He means real assets, like commodities (he’s been in and out of crude oil futures) and real estate, such as investments in the Reserve, a real estate and golf course development near Palm Springs, and in the Cliveden hotels in England.T he remaining $500 million is in stocks. Given Gates’ huge position in Microsoft, why does Larson own equities at all? “Because I think some stocks have behavior patterns that run counter to Microsoft,” says Larson. “For instance, if and when the air comes out of tech stocks, food and oil stocks could hold up real well. The other reason we do equities is because we have some expertise in certain areas, and we make money at it.” It so happens that one of Larson’s interests is media stocks. He favors cable stocks such as TCI and Liberty Media, as well as Cox Communications and Barry Diller’s USA Networks. Larson also holds Berkshire Hathaway—he owned 300 shares last year and recently bought a bunch more—which he thinks became particularly attractive after its Gen Re acquisition. “Gen Re was in the S&P 500. Berkshire isn’t. So after the deal, index managers had to sell Berkshire, depressing the price.”Gates does make his own investment decisions in biotech. Says he: “I’ve always been interested in science—one o f my favorite books is James Watson’s Molecular Biology of the Gene. I’m an investor in a number of biotech companies, partly because of my incredible enthusiasm for the great innovations they will bring. I serve on the board of ICOS [which develops drugs to fight inflammatory diseases]. I continue to make a number of investments in this area.” At various points Gates has owned stock in other biotechs—including PathoGenesis, Targeted Genetics, and Chiroscience—but he is out of all those stocks now. He recently bought a stake in a company called Advanced Medicine, a private biotech firm.As for tech stocks, “We pretty much don’t own ’em,” Larson says, “not with Bill’s other asset.” It could be awkward, of course, if Cascade owned, say, 3% of a small tech co mpany that Microsoft’s strategic planners later decided they wanted to gobble up. Or if that small company felt inclined to sue Microsoft at some point. Gates does, however, own some tech stocks through his investments in McNamee’s partnerships. And Larson concedes that he might be short some tech names. “I do think the market is high right now, and there is an awful lot of excitement about tech stocks,” says Larson. Whoa! Does that mean he thinks Microsoft is overvalued? “I wouldn’t bet against [Microsoft],” he says.Larson continues: “I just think at some point the cycle is going to turn. We’ll have some rotation. There will be some trigger event that will change the equity market’s point of emphasis. Agriculture, for instance, will come back. Stocks like Deere & Co. [which he owns a bit of] will make out. Oil looks interesting. There aresome opportunities in that sector, and I don’t think oil has to go back to $20 a barrel [for oil stocks to work out].”What about interest rates? “I think they will trend higher. It’s true we don’t see much inflation now, but wage inflation is evident, and everything is in such high gear right now. I think long rates could climb 100 basis points, which could be a shock to the market. It could also make for a real nice buyi ng opportunity.” But Larson knows he has to go easy. “Sure, I could torque up the portfolio,” he says, perhaps a little wistfully, “but that’s not what I’m paid to do. The point wasn’t for Bill to become richer than the Sultan of Brunei.” No, but that hap pened anyway, not because of anything Larson did but because of Microsoft’s explosive growth (and a little imploding on the Sultan’s part.)The point is that the real growth engine is Microsoft. Just how big will the company, and therefore Gates’ fortune, become? How much will Gates end up giving away? No one knows, of course, not even Gates. But consider this: If Microsoft’s stock compounds over the next 20 years by merely 10%, Gates’ fortune, even assuming some selling, could be worth $400 billion. Impossible, you say? Well, what would you have said 13 years ago—the day of Microsoft’s IPO, when Gates’ holdings were worth $234 million—if someone had told you he would be worth $80 billion before the end of the millennium? Impossible.Andrew Carnegie was regarded in his day not just as a robber baron but—after the Homestead Strike of 1892, in which hired guards killed seven striking steel-workers—as a plutocrat with blood on his hands. He reshaped his image by giving away most of his fortune during his lifetime, and today he is remembered less for the strike than for his phrase “the man who dies...rich dies disgraced.”Today, Bill Gates is known variously as the creator of Microsoft, as the richest man in the world, and as a monopolist hell-bent on world infotech domination. Hard as it may be for some people to swallow, future generations may remember Bill Gates instead as the greatest philanthropist the world has ever known.(excerpted from Fortune, March 15, 1999)。

国际经济与贸易专业有的关知识

一些观点：我也是学这个专业的，其实这个专业比较好找工作，对口的工作主要有以下几种：1.贸易公司--作单证、贸易谈判等等。

通常比较忙，但如果做的还可以，奖金比较高，而且比较锻炼人；2.货代公司--比较忙，学到的东西不多，工资奖金也不高，但有些大的外企货代，工资福利还不错；3.船公司--较前两种工作比较轻松，基本工资比较高，福利也不错，有些大的外企，还有出国学习的机会，但通常没有奖金；4.报关行、报检行。

通常有别的选择，我们都不会选择这个工作，因为实在学不到什么东西。

经常说只要有报关证、报检证，其实高中水平的人作这行正好。

建议：要真正的热爱这个专业,在学校的时候多学习一些知识,广泛的涉猎各种相关的知识,学好外语(不仅要会写还要会听会说)如果有机会最好是能够通过实习掌握一定的实际经验.理论与实践相结合就业前景：综上，可以看出这样几点问题：1用人单位对应聘者的英语要求颇高，一般为英语六级以上水平，口语要好，表达流利。

2在性别上，也有职业差异，而大部分有性别限制的公司对女性应聘者的限制较多，换言之，女生在应聘时可能会比男同学遇到更多的问题与压力。

3本科生的竞争压力过大，与其竞争职位的有高中生、大专生、研究生甚至归国的留学人员。

这些人的涌入无形中对本科生就业造成冲击。

4普通学校毕业生与重点大学毕业生的差别，前者确实在一些硬性条件上低于后者，用人单位更热衷于对后者的招聘。

5不尽然的是，企业更注重应聘者的实际工作能力和内在素质及工作经验。

因此，我们应该做到以下几点，来应对未来就业的激烈竞争。

1在校期间，加强口语练习，并打好英语基础，通过英语六级考试。

2作为女生，我们不可以因为性别上的原因而对未来就业失去信心，要发挥自己的长处，不断完善自己，做到自尊、自爱、自强。

3面对众多的竞争对手，如果觉得自己有足够时间及勇气，可以选择继续深造，增加自身竞争力。

4如果想参加工作的普通本科毕业生，不应因自己的学校而低人一等，因该充实自己，增加自身实力，多学习一些专业知识，并考取一些资格认证。

国际经济与贸易专业简介

国际经济与贸易专业简介国际经济与贸易专业于2002开始招生，至今已有15年办学历史，2009年首次招收本科生，2010被遴选为校级重点专业加强建设，2013年被遴选为安徽省振兴计划中的专业建设项目，2013年应用经济学被遴选为校级重点培养学科，2016年经济学课程教学团队被遴选为校级教学团队。

十余年来，本专业在办学中积极探索，明确了“面向市场、服务地方、合作办学、特色发展”的办学理念，确立了培养“基础实、视野宽、有专长、技能强”的智商、情商和财商融合发展、符合生产经营和管理一线需要的高级应用型国际经贸人才的目标。

为提高学生的就业竞争力，本专业设置了“跨境电商”和“金融投资”两个专业方向。

本专业的主干课程包括：微观经济学、宏观经济学、国际经济学、金融学、财政学、国际贸易理论、国际贸易实务、国际金融、国际结算、外贸英语函电、外贸英语口语、外贸单证等。

在多年的建设发展中，十分重视实践教学。

2011年经济管理类专业实验实训中心被遴选为校级实验实训示范中心，2016年又被遴选为省级实训示范中心加强建设。

目前投入使用的有国际经济与贸易综合实验室、金融实验室、经济数据模拟实验室、商务谈判模拟实验室和ERP沙盘实验室等。

在办学过程中，充分利用校外资源，加强产学研合作，先后建设了35个动态实习实践教学基地。

并积极与国外大学合作，目前本专业学生可以作为交换生到国外合作院校交流学习。

已有十多名学生在校期间去加拿大、韩国、马来西来、台湾等有关高校作交换生访学。

在教学方面，高度重视第二课堂。

实施“五个一”活动（3个学分），即拿一张职业资格证书；参与一项创新创业项目；完成一份项目策划书（或是一篇市场调研报告）；加入一个学生社团；读一百本课外书。

每年都组织学生参加A、B类学科技能竞赛并多次获奖，包括：全国大学生电子商务“三创”挑战赛、全国大学生网络商务创新应用大赛、全国大学生“用友新道杯”沙盘经营模拟大赛、安徽省大学生国际贸易技能综合大赛、安徽省“互联网+”大学生创新创业大赛、安徽省大学生金融投资创新大赛等。

国际经贸高级英语

《国际经贸高级英语(精读与翻译)》参考答案罗汉主编key to ExercisesUnit OneⅠ/1. the accumulation of physical capital indispensable to economic growth2. to import advanced equipment and know-how from abroad3. license trade accounting for 90 per cent of the total volumeof the world s trade of technology4. lack of human capital reflected in economic development5. the great impact of high technology on the adjustment of industries6. key factors driving economic growth7. the transformation from an agricultural nation into an industrial one8. the tangible and intangible factors making up the total factor productivity growth9. the improvement of educational systems lurking in technological progress10. the ratio of capital to labour in this industry11. expand the labour force and increase its education and training12. the role of the R&D department in the operations of multinational corporations13. a study report analyzing variations in technical progress across a large number of countries14. to incorporate quantity and models into economic analysis15. great gap in incomes between developed and developing nationsⅡ/1. Many economists attributed the rapid economic growth rate of someland desiring areas, such as HongKong and Singapore, to the enhancement of educational levels of their population. Based on this, they drew their conclusion that knowledge is the key to their economic development.2. In the 1960s, on the basis of importing much sophisticated technology andknow how from developed countries, Japan expanded its e conomy in large scales, enabling its economy to keep up with the most advanced level of the world in 20 years.3. The development of new economic theories has raised many subjects to statistics. For example, high rates of school enrollment may not translate into high rates of economic growth if the quality of education is poor, or if educated people are not employed at their potential because of distortion in the labor market.4. In 1994, after a long period of investigation and research, the famous economist Krugman presented a study report analyzing variations in technical progress across a large number of countries. He said in the report that the economic development of Asia was not based on the progress of technology, so the economy contained much foam in it. Three years later, the sudden break out of southeast Asian Economic Crisis verified his conclusion.5. People haven't hitherto come up with an ideal method to put a value on science and technology, for it is intangible to some degree.Ⅲ. In the information age, knowledge, rather than physical assets or resources, is the key to competitiveness. This is as true for the obviously konwledge intensive sectors,such as software or biotechnology, as it is for industrial age manufacturing companies or utilities.For the knowledge intensive sectors,knowledge which feeds through from research and development to innovative products and processes is the critical element. Butwith industrial age manufacturing companies or utilities, using knowledge aboutcustomers to improve service is what counts.What is new about attitudes to knowledge today is the recognition of the need to harness, manage and use it like any other asset. This raises issues not only of appropriate processes and systems, but also of how to account for knowledge in the balance sheet.In future, the value of intellectual capital will be more widely measured and reported. The measurement and reporting of key performance indicators related to intellectual capital will become a more widespread practice among major organizations, completing the financial accounts.Unit TwoⅠ/1. to crack the FORTUNE Global 5002. a collective enterprise supervised by workers3. be pessimistic about the factory s ability to absorb technology4. the incorporation (mix)of foreign management practices and Chinese nationalism5. a leading guru of Japanese quality control6. to transfer the management concepts to new acquisitions7. the dominant position in China s refrigerator market8. a case study of the management art9. to let shoddy products released to the market in large quantities10. to set the stage for the renovation of the enterprise11. the wholly-owned companies and holding companies under the control of the parent company12. to soak up the laid-offs released from state owned companies13. to sell modern refrigerator making technolog y to the factory14. the state-owned enterprises accounting for the majority of industrial enterprises15. the development of domestic pillar industriesⅡ/1. Although this joint venture has been growing very fast, it still has a long way to go to realize its goal of cracking the Fortune Global 500.2. Haier once tried to place the sample products in sight of the assembly line workers to improve the quality of the products, but now it has outgrown thispractice.3. In the early 1980s, out of every 1000 urban Chinese households, there were only two or three that owned refrigerators. With the enhancement of people's livingstandard, refrigerators have become the first big item in the households buy of many families.4. The company has 70 subsidiaries around the world, one third of which arewholly-owned, with their products sold to 108 countries and areas. In recent years, it has averaged an increase of 50% a year in revenues.5. The rapid development of collective and private enterprises will help to soak up the labour force released from poorly operated state-owned enterprises and to relieve the nation's employment burden.Ⅲ. Many managers feel uncomfortable if not actively involved in accomplishing a given job. This is said to result from a“low tolerance for ambiguity”. The manager desires to know what is happening on a moment by moment basis. A wise manager should know clearly what work must be delegated, and train employees to do it. If after training, an employee is truly unable to perform the work, then replacement should be considered. A manager should avoid reverse delegation.This happens when an employee brings a decision to the manager that the employee should make. An acceptance of reverse delegation can increase the manager'swork load and the employee is encouraged to become more dependent on the boss. Unit ThreeⅠ/1. to issue a vast amount of short term government bonds2. plenty of capital inflow to the security market in the recent period3. the preference of investors to the inflation protected treasury bonds4. to decrease the risk by hedging5. diversified portfolio6. to reach more than 50% of the initial public offering7. dilution of securities caused by the distribution of shares8. the trigger event that causes the imploding on market index9. short maturity U.S. government and corporate fixed income secu r ities10. real assets like commodities and real estate11. to avoid insider-trading charges through legal windows12. some trigger events that will charge the interest rate in the capital market13. reflect investors' wary view of the market14. shepherd the funds every step of the way15. the agriculture bonds that come back in the stock marketⅡ/1. During the past several months, the interest rate and the exchange rate have fluctuated greatly, which has brought enormous loss to many investors. But this institution overrode the adverse factors in the market and still obtained a big profit by wise hedging investments.2. The diversification of portfolio can decrease the non-systematic riskof individual securities in the portfolio efficiently, but it is unable to remove the systematic risk of the market.3. During the period of high inflation in capitalist countries between the late 1960s and late 1970s, many people tended to convert their money incomes into goods or real estate.4. One of the Bundesbank council members said that the central bank is under no immediate pressure to cut interest rates and that it needs more time to study the economic data before making a decision.5. Many experts consider that the interest rates would trend higher, because, although it is true that there is not much inflation now, wage inflation is evidentand the entire economy is in such high gear right now.Ⅲ. For all the similarities between the 1929 and 1987 stock market crashes, there are one or two vital differences. The most important of these was the reaction of the financial authorities. In 1929, the US Federal Reserve reacted to the crash by raising interest rates, effectively clamping down on credit. This caused manyotherwise healthy companies to fail simply due to cash flow problems. If onecompany failed leaving debts, many others down the line would meet the same fate. In 1987, the authorities were quick to lower interest rates and to ensure that ample credit was made available to help institutions overcome their difficulties. There were no widespread business failures and, more importantly, the economy did not enter another depression. There was a period of recession(milder than a 1930s-style depression), but this was largely due to a resurgence of inflation. The sharp interest rate cuts, and excessively hasty financial deregulation, pushed inflation higher, which in turn forced governments to reverse earlier interest rate cuts, prompting an economic slow-down.Unit FourⅠ/1. to rely heavily on monetary flexibility to reign in inflation2. to execute tight monetary policy3. to implement fiscal policy in the form of social insurance and national taxes4. to pour into economically expanding regions5. to replace their individual currencies with a single currency6. to bode well for the future of the EMU7. to control government deficits to meet Maastricht conditions8. the overvalued currency as a main barrier to export9. to refrain from dumping surplus goods abroad10. the influence of integrated economy on capital flow11. the balance-of-payments deficit warranting the devaluation policy adopted by the monetary authority12. to eliminate the economic costs associated with holding multiple currencies13. costs that must be taken into account when estimating profits14. to take advantage of the small difference between the central bank's pegged rates and market rates15. to hedge against risks coming from volatile exchange ratesⅡ/1. Ironically, Europe will see an increase in economic specialization along with the European unification process.2. The European Central Bank will face a dilemma when two member countries both badly need certain monetary policies to regulate their economies but the policies they need are of opposite directions.3. A person will be called an“arbitrageur"if, to gain profits, he takes advantage of the different exchange rates on different markets, or at different times on a same market.4. The national economies of many European countries have recently been forced to fit Maastricht conditions and arbitrary deadlines, and such actions have created unnecessary economic turmoils.5. As a central bank, the Federal Reserve System currently uses its control over the money supply to keep the national inflation rates low and to expand national economies in recession.Ⅲ. Even before construction of the euro is complete, governments can point to one notable success. The past year has seen extraordinary turmoil in global financial markets. Rich country stock markets and currencies have not been spared. Yet Europe has been, comparatively speaking, a safe haven, Intra-European movements in exchange rates have been tiny. This is something that the euro-11 governments had committed themselves to, but their success could not have been taken for granted a year ago. The fact is, at a time of unprecedented financial turbulence, theforeign exchange markets regarded the promise to stabilize intra-European exchange rates as credible. Currencies have held steady and interest rates have converged: it augurs well for the transition to the new system.Unit FiveⅠ/1. a major engine of growth in Asian economy2. the structural weakness in South Korea's financial system3. to execute economic policies which adhere to IMF-aid programs4. a sharp decline in the price competitiveness of that country's exports5. the slump in the Japanese stock market6. a more advantageous position than its rivals in terms of price competitiveness7. trade disputes sparked by price distortion8. the financial panic triggered by the devaluation of Japanese yen9. to stabilize the recently turbulent capital flows10. the advantageous position of industrial countries in the world trade system11. the serious welfare losses for all nations resulted from a full scale trade war12. a USD 58 billion bailout which South Korea was forced to seek from the IMF13. the great expenditure caused by huge government institutions14. technology intensive and knowledge intensive products with high competitiveness15. the country's economy which remains mired in recessionⅡ/1. While the Asian economy regained stability, the possibility of devaluation of the HongKong dollar will be an important variable affecting the recurrence of similar economic crises in Asia.2. In order to connect the improvement of price competitiveness brought about bythe currency depreciation to a better balance of payment, internationalcooperation is as essential as are internal reforms.3. The Asian financial crisis owing to the heavily indebted banking systems,excessive government spending and over reliance on foreign loans has damaged the world economy seriously.4. Some Japanese companies began to fall out of their over reliance on loansfrom the banking system, focusing on profits and cutting out wasteful spending.5. Erupted in July 1997, the Asian financial crisis reflected the defectsin the fragile financial systems of Asian countries.Ⅲ. Like death and taxes, international economic crises cannot be avoided. Theywill continue to occur as they have for centuries past. But the alarmingly rapid spread of the 1997 Asian crisis showed these economies' vulnerability to investor skittishness. Unfortunately, there is no international“911" that emerging markets can dial when facing economic collapse. Neither the IMF nor a new global financial architecture will make the world less dangerous. Instead, countries that want toavoid a rerun of the devastating 1997—98 crisis must learn to protect themselves. And liquidity is the key to financial self help. A country that has substantial international liquidity—large foreign currency reserves and a ready source offoreign currency loans—is less likely to be the object of a currency attack. Substantial liquidity also enables a country already under a speculative siege to defend itself better and make more orderly financial adjustments. The challenge is to find ways to increase liquidity at reasonable cost.Unit SixⅠ/1. capital flight depleting a country s foreign exchange reserves2. domestic hyperinflation caused by devaluation3. to adopt expansionary fiscal policy to increase national income4. be faced with the danger of increasingly shrinking aggregate demand5. capital market harassed by liquidity trap6. to rule out the possibility of massive speculative activities7. to drive down domestic prices at the expense of economic stagnation8. the international gold standard system characterized by fixed exchange rates9. the pressure of hot money flow on currencies10. the neoclassical theory centering on the spontaneous adjustments of market11. intelligent policy makers who will use variable means to achieve economic goals12. flexible fiscal and financial policies that can help the economy out of depression13. the different dilemmas that the developing countries and the mature economies are faced with14. to sacrifice full employment to achieve high output rate15. the increased demand for this currency that will lead to the devaluation of another currencyⅡ/1. The economic turmoil in that country made the central bank and the treasury department take each other to task, which reflected the importance of the collaboration of a country s monetary and fiscal policies.2. The government has now slipped into such a dilemma that if it wants toimprove its balance of payment, it will need to lower the exchange rate, but to lower the exchange rate will lead to inflation.3. Although devaluation will magnify exports, it can also lead to the increasing foreign curren cy denominated debt;it can even cause the collapse of people's confidence in the government. Therefore, the government did not dare to adopt the devaluation policy without careful consideration.4. The increase of foreign currency denominated debt is not necessarilythe indispensable cost of economic development. Because, although it may promote economic growth in the short run, it will increase the burden of domestic enterprises and lead to imbalanced balance of payment in the long run.5. Major capitalist countries had been seeing gold standard as a symbol of strong economic power, but they were forced to give it up for good during the Great Depression.Ⅲ. Troubled Asian Economies have turned out to have many policy and institutional weaknesses. But if America or Europe should get into trouble next year or the year after, we can be sure that in retrospect analysts will find equally damning things to say about Western values and institutions. And it is very hard to make the case that Asian policies were any worse in the 1990s than they had been in previous decades, so why did so much go so wrong so recently?The answer is that the world became vulnerable to its current travails not because economic policies had not been reformed, but because they had. Around the worldcountries responded to the very real flaws in post Depression policy regimes bymoving back toward a regime with many of the virtues of pre-Depressionfree-market capitalism. However, in bringing back the virtues of old fashioned capitalism, we also brought back some of its vices, most notably a vulnerability both toinstability and sustained economic slumps.Unit SevenⅠ/1. government reforms compatible with a country's development program2. lay emphasis on the resolution of government involvement3. the state induced transfer of wealth from the rich to the less fortunate4. to finance the development of public sectors5. a sharp decrease in the subsidy expenditure of a welfare state6. to minimize the public expenditure of this country7. the growth rate of gross fixed asset formation8. heavy interest obligations resulting from huge interest payments9. a certain share of shadow economy in the government performance10. to avoid increasing government spending and lowering the economic growth rates11. the benchmark to assess the scope for reducing the size of government12. be of growing importance in government reforms13. to facilitate adjustment to the new economic environment14. the detrimental short-run effects of reforms on some groups15. the protectionist and competitive devaluation policies administered by some industrial countriesⅡ/1. Over the years, opinions about the role of state have been changing, andpolitical institutions have been changing as well, to accommodate the demand for more state involvement in the economy.2. It's generally believed that even if welfare states cut down the hugewelfare expenditures, they can't necessarily solve their serious economic problems such as large budget deficits and hyperinflation.3. The government carried out the expansionary fiscal policy, which resulted inthe increase of budget deficits. To compensate the deficits, it should take certain measures, such as issuing bonds or increasing the money supply.4. Many industrial countries face the dilemma during their reforms between high inflation rates and low unemployment rates, so they must consider all around to minimize the losses.5. Radical reforms must aim at maintaining public sector objectives while reducing spending. In this process, the role of the government will change from the provider to the overseer or the regulator of activities.Ⅲ. Modern societies have accepted the view that governments must play a larger role in the economy and must pursue objectives such as income redistribution andincome maintenance. The clock cannot be set back and, in fact, it should not be. For the majority of citizens, the world is certainly a more welcoming place now than it was a century ago. However, we argue that most of the important social and economic gains can be achieved with a drastically lower level of public spendingthan that which prevails today. Perhaps the level of public spending does not needto be much higher than, say, 30 percent of GDP to achieve most of the importantsocial and economic objectives that justify government intervention. Achievingthis expenditure level would require radical reforms, a well-functioning private market, and an efficient regulatory role for the government.Unit EightⅠ/1. winds of reform in Japan s banking sector2. the amended Bank of Japan Law in line with the global standards for autonomy and transparency3. touch on the paramount goal in the sphere of monetary policies4. charge the central bank with maintaining price stability and nurturing a secure credit system5. generate unnecessary panics in the financial markets6. the execution of monetary policies independent of the bureaucracy7. the institutions in charge of formulating the interest rate policies8. a discount rate at a historical low of 0.5%9. to keep maintaining and nurturing the credit system in accordance with the state policy10. in the spheres of fiscal and monetary policies11. the new economic law entering force this year12. in the context of propelling economic reforms13. to strengthen the government s functions through fiscal policies14. key measures which have won confidence from the market15. the implementation of a merit based promotion systemⅡ/1. It is no overstatement to say that the bad accounts in Japan's banks have accumulated to a very high level.2. The central bank's quasi-bureaucratic status has stymied its normal operations, so many economists call for the enhancement of its autonomy in accordance with the global standards.3. It has been normal for bank shares to march in line with movements in net interest margins, which means bank shares tend to rise as net margins widen and fall as the latter narrow.4. Japan's bank shares are in a different position from their American counterparts: America s bank shares have already risen sharply thanks to the country's full-fledged economic recovery, while Japan's bank shares are still weak as the banks struggle to get to grips with their bad debts.5. Runs on the banks proliferated and a sharp fall in bank loans followed, before the non-performing loans, amounting to 30% of bank assets, were taken over by the state in 1997.Ⅲ. How fast Japan's financial system seems to be reforming. Barely a week goes by without news of another merger between Japan s huge but troubled financial firms. Deregulation is the spur. Three years ago the government announced a “Big Bang"for the country's financial-services industry. This would tear down firewallsthat had largely stopped insurance companies, banks and stockbrokers from competing in each other's patches. It was also meant to put an end to arbitrary, stiflingand often corrupt supervision.The biggest reason for deregulation in this way was that Japan's incestuous,Soviet'style financial system was hopelessly bad at allocating credit around the economy. The massive bad-loan problems that have plagued the country's banks for most of the 1990s are merely one symptom of an even bigger ill. Even so, there was wide spread scepticism that the government would go through with the cure. It deserves some credit, therefore, for largely sticking to its plans.Unit NineⅠ/1. the most commonly used measures of income distribution2. the shift from labour to capital markets3. specialization in production and the dispersion of specialized production processes4. the widening gap between the wages of skilled workers and those of unskilled workers5. new production techniques biased toward skilled labor6. economic inefficiency and distortions retarding growth7. sustainable growth and a viable balance of payments policy8. a broadly based, efficient and easily administered tax system9. reduce disparities in human capital across income groups10. targeted programs consistent with the macroeconomic framework11. constitutional rules on revenue sharing12. to promote equality of opportunities through deregulating economy13. cash compensation in lieu of subsidies14. stimulate the use of public resources and the overall economic growth15. take effective measures to promote employment and equityⅡ/1. Much of the debate about income distribution has centered on wage earnings, which have been identified as an important factor in the overall distribution of incomes. But in Africa and Latin America, unequal ownership of land is a factor that cannot be ignored.2. Globalization has linked the labor, product and capital markets of theeconomies around the world and has indirectly led to specialization in production and the dispersion of specialized production processes to geographically distant locations.3. Although fiscal policies are usually viewed as the principal vehicle for assisting low-income groups and those affected by reform programs, quite a number of countries have adopted specific labor market policies in an effort to influence income distribution.4. Measures governments can take to promote equality of opportunities include deregulating the economy;setting up strong and responsible institutions, including a well functioning judicial system;reducing opportunities for corrupt practices;and providing adequate access to health and education services.5. Another important issue is whether governments should focus on outcomes—such as decreasing the number of people living in poverty, or ensuring that all members of society have equal opportunities.Ⅲ. One theory on wealth distribution indicates that irrational distribution andcorruption are the major reasons for the uneven income level. According to this theory, wealth goes through four stages of distribution—the market, the government, non governmental organizations and unlawful activities, mainly corruption. Usually the first stage of distribution—the market—will result in an uneven spread of resources, which should be redressed by the second distribution stage, the government. In the third stage, the distribution of wealth is realized through contributions and donations made by non governmental organizations. The contributions are given to the poor in the form of charity activities. Thenfollows illegal grabbing of wealth, such as robbery, embezzlement, tax evasion andbribery. Their harm to social equality and stability is enormous and cannot really be measured.Unit TenⅠ/1. to facilitate the establishment of a new form of leadership in today's corporations2. to link a corporation's developing prospective to its present business performance3. companies which forge ahead in the rather changeable world economy4. to encourage domestic enterprises to seek out opportunities to enter foreign markets5. to instill development strategies of new products into employees at all levels6. to consider the promotion in the company the criteria to judge whether one is successful or not。

国际贸易专业学什么课程(优秀7篇)

国际贸易专业学什么课程（优秀7篇）基本的课程设置为政治经济学、微观经济学、宏观经济学、国际经济学、计量经济学、世界经济概论、国际金融、国际贸易、国际贸易理论与政策、国际贸易实务、财务管理、国际结算、国际商务英语、国际市场营销、微积分、线性代数、概率论与数理统计、货币银行学、财政学、会计学、统计学、管理学原理。

当然国际贸易这个专业也分好几个方向我学的是泰语方向的，然后泰语的主要课程是：泰语口语、泰语视听说、泰语商务翻译、泰语商务阅读、泰语写作、泰国经济贸易法律法规、泰国文化与经济英语方向的话估计就是英语方面的知识了，其实这个主要看学校的安排，学校怎么安排你就怎么学就好，不过英语最差也要考出四级证书来，要不无法去一个好的公司去从事工作。

论文摘要：在经济全球化、信息化的背景下，《国际金融》课程具有时代性、实践性、应用性和创新性等显着特征。

这要求教师必须“教师主导型”的填鸭式教学方法，积极增加案例教学、引入情景模拟教学、注重社会实戏教学、推广网络教学，灵活开展双语教学，以激发学生时本课程的学习兴趣，提高实戏动手能力、综合分析能力，培养出高紊质、高质量、能与国际接轨的国际贾易人才。

中国经济日益融入全球化，越来越多的中国企业开始以各种形式走向国际市场，开展国际化业务。

在这一背景下，社会对外贸人才需求量不断上升。

同时，新形势对国际经贸人才的培养也提出了新的要求，要求具有较高综合素质，专业实践能力强的实际应用型人才。

而国际金融是国际贸易专业的一门核心主干课程，国际金融理论能为将来从事国际贸易宏观管理者提供认识当前世界金融经济形势、未来金融经济走势及对国际贸易管理的影响提供理论上的支持。

国际金融实务能为将来从事外贸进出口报价核算业务、外贸企业经营管理的风险防范及投融资安排提供业务上的指导。

同时国际金融也是国际商务单证员、外贸业务员及全国外销员等职业资格考试的指定内容。

所以，国际金融教学目标应由以往的单纯传授专业基础知识向综合素质能力培养、创新意识培养转变，由单纯注重课堂教学向模拟实战、社会实践与课堂教学相结合的转变。

对外经济贸易大学世界经济专业硕士研究生培养方案

对外经济贸易大学世界经济专业硕士研究生培养方案一、专业名称：世界经济世界经济是一门理论性强、涵盖面宽的学科。

在经济全球化背景下，世界经济正经历深刻的变革和转型。

为从国别、区域和全球多个层次全面、立体地研究和认识世界经济，对外经贸大学打破部门和学科界限，依托国际经济研究院、中国WTO研究院和外语学院/区域国别研究所，整合优秀的科研和师资力量，致力于拓展和深化世界经济学科的内涵，培养适应世界经济新形势的高级专门人才。

二、培养目标世界经济专业属于理论经济学，重在培养学生掌握世界经济基础理论和专业知识；培养具有战略眼光，创新意识和研究能力，掌握较高外语技能，具备从事世界经济领域重大理论政策研究、高等院校教学及外交、外经贸实际工作能力的高级复合型人才。

三、专业方向(详见十)1．国际区域经济合作（对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院负责）2．WTO与经济全球化（对外经济贸易大学WTO研究院负责）3．区域国别经济（对外经济贸易大学外语学院/区域国别研究所负责）四、学制二年五、课程设置与学分要求（一）基本规定1、课程设置以学生掌握有关世界经济理论与实践的基础知识，提高研究能力和实际技能为原则。

强调学生应构建合理的知识结构，加强分析和解决问题的能力。

2、课程设置既重视世界经济专业的经济学基本训练，又注重拓宽学生的知识领域，为学生提供更多的选择。

3、教学采取集中授课的方式。

课程主要集中在前3个学期，并通过各科考试。

第4学期撰写学位论文。

4、研究生必须修满43学分，成绩要求达到学校和本专业规定的分数线以上，成绩的判定采取期末考试、平时课业成绩和论文相结合的方式。

5、学位论文是考察学生运用所学专业知识，分析问题解决问题能力的主要依据。

学生只有在修满学分和各科成绩达到学校规定要求后方能取得学位论文答辩资格。

第3学期结束前，学生需在导师指导下完成开题报告，并提交专家组审查通过。

论文答辩采取专家评审制度，要求学生具有较强的独立研究能力和鲜明观点，鼓励学术创新。

2017年对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研真题、答题攻略及复习经验指导

2017年对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研真题、答题攻略及复习经验指导357英语翻译基础考研真题第一部分短语翻译加解释七个选五个翻译加解释E-C barriestoentrycarpooling specialdrawingrightscurrentaccountquotaexportcredittertiaryindustry C-E全面二孩灵猫六国跨太平洋伙伴合作协定一带一路首次公开募股国际收支平衡表投资组合理论第二部分E-C世界银行集团的风险管理C-E第一部分三个古文句子翻译1.百川汇海阔风正好扬帆（后半句不大确定了）2.同心合意，庶几有成3.急人之急，雪中送炭，是中国所推崇的处世之道第二部分，篇章翻译是关于RCEP的，貌似是李克强的一个讲话。

211翻译硕士英语单选20题考的基本上都是词义辨析改错10题不是很难阅读四篇第一篇用机器鸟赶鸽子T/F/NG第二篇关于学习英语的（FT中文网原文）四选一第三篇关于Creation的选headings的题目第四篇关于Uber的文章（没记错的话也是FT中文网的文章）选句子填空写作图表作文给了两个图，第一个是FDI的图，第二个China'stradewithGeorfia（记不清是不是这个国家了）通过这两个图标分析说明中国在这个地区建立自由贸易区的可行性。

百科福之祸所依是谁说的2015诺贝尔文学奖武汉的意义法国西班牙分界线孙思邈写的书获得普利策奖和诺贝尔文学奖的唯一女作家狄更斯的小说晏殊的昨夜西风凋碧树中东地区矛盾冲突的原因二十四节气英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。

2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。

北京：清华大学出版社，2001。

3、中国日报（ChinaDaily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。

5、金融时报官方网站：双语时评。

国际经贸高级英语——精读与翻译

难点注释

3.He is generally credited with inventing functional organization. 这里的be credited with的意思“（某人）被认为与（某事）有关”。本句的意思：通常认为他发明了职能组织。 4.Firstly, people are usually more concerned with the success of their department than that of the company, so there are permanent battles between, for example, finance and marketing, or marketing and production, which have incompatible goals. 本句的concerned with是 “对……关注”的意思；more…than表示比较。最后的定语从句修饰前面提到的不同部门。全句的意思：首先，人们通常比较关心本部门的成功，不大关心公司的成功。因此，在各部门之间，例如财务部和市场部，或市场部和生产部之间有永远的矛盾，因为这些部门的目标不同。
词汇和短语（words and exn. 位置，职位 president n. 总裁，总经理 production n. 生产 productive n. 生产力 pyramid adj. 金字塔形的，锥形的 reorganization n. 改组，重新组织 report to 向……报告（负责） responsibility n. 责任，职责 salary n. 薪水，工资 sales n. 销售额 simulate vt. 模拟 subsidiary n. 附属机构，子公司 wealth n. 财富，财产 CEO（Chief Executive Officer）首席执行官 Managing Director 董事经理

高级英语课外学习参考书目

每人根据自己的需要，本学期选读四本：文学欣赏实际应用类1.爱与生命--英语阅读文选．情感的真谛白秋梅, 拿撒勒•卡彭特主编北京：海洋出版社，2000 214页CNY9.20 H319.4/26242.都柏林人James Joyce 南京：译林出版社，1996 156页CNY5.50H319.4:I5/20243.在沙滩上(英)Michael Potter著；盖兆泉译北京：外语教学与研究出版社，200129页CNY6.90 H319.4/34244.欧洲文化入门主编王佐良... [等]；编著司徒双... [等] 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1992.. 508页CNY18.90 H31/10235.当代英文散文选读．下册吴景荣, 丁往道, 钱青合编北京：商务印书馆，1980.. 162页CNY1.05 H319.4/60646.精编英语阅读理解220篇石春祯编著北京：朝华出版社，2004 646页CNY52.00 H319.4/10537.英语诵读菁华：注译本．研究生卷杨自伍编译上海：上海交通大学出版社，1998341页CNY15.00 H319.4/47228.英文演讲名篇选粹：英汉对照刘健刚...[等]编著合肥：安徽科学技术出版社，2002182页CNY7.50 H319.4/02279.心灵鸡汤．单身一族(美) Jack Canfield …[等] 著合肥：安徽科学技术出版社，2001 V, XIV, 382页C NY20.00 H319.4/452210.心灵鸡汤．关于工作(美)Jack Canfield…[等] 著合肥：安徽科学技术出版社，200012,324页CNY18.00 H319.4/452211.心灵鸡汤．致天下有情人(美)Jack Canfield…[等]著合肥：安徽科学技术出版社，2000 12,363页CNY19.00 H319.4/452212.心灵鸡汤．女人心语(美)Jack Canfield…[等] 著合肥：安徽科学技术出版社，200019,337页CNY19.00 H319.4/452213.热[美] B.M.Parker著；魏树德译注北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1981 139页CNY0.50 H319.4/264214.热爱生命(美) 杰克•伦敦著Jack London；董重恂译北京：外文出版社，2000221页CNY7.60 H319.4/280815.人类的故事(美)房龙著北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000 507页CNY19.90 H319.4/304316.英国王妃黛安娜[英]英格丽特•西沃德著；黎云注释北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1992 299页CNY3.90 H319.4/103217.星球鸭：科幻小说选吴定柏注释上海：上海译文出版社，1983 66页CNY0.23 H319.4/603418.英国散文名篇欣赏：英汉对照杨自伍编上海：上海外语教育出版社，1995 470页CNY28.00 H319.4/472219.现代美国社会与文化．第一卷．VOLUME1 邓炎昌主编北京：高等教育出版社，1988 231页CNY4.15 H319.4:C/179620.疯狂英语阅读．高级南宁：广西民族出版社，2003 227页CNY14.80H319.4/407621.罗素论人生翟玉章主编北京：世界知识出版社，2000 316 页CNY13.50H319.4/171022.孙子兵法：汉英对照[(春秋)孙武著]；吴如嵩，吴显林校释；林戊荪英译[(战国)孙膑著]；吴如嵩，吴显林校释；林戊荪英译北京：外文出版社，2001 345页CNY14.00 H319.4/191323.西游记吴承恩著；(英)比尔•詹纳尔译北京：外文出版社，1994.. 4册(587,1175,1759,2346页) CNY80.00(全4册) H319.4/601624.呐喊鲁迅著；杨宪益, 戴乃迭译北京：外文出版社，2000 443页CNY20.00H319.4/273725.英译中国现代散文选：汉英对照张培基译注上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999483页CNY22.60 H319.4/124426.求职应试英语必胜宝典编者傅明北京：外文出版社，2002 181页CNY13.00 H31/2367经贸类27.会计英语彭在勤编注北京：不详，1982 155页CNY1.20 H31/424428.电子商务英语周源主编南京：东南大学出版社，2002 198页CNY20.00H31/773129.经济英语孙平编著武汉：武汉大学出版社，1992 202页CNY4.50H319.4:F/191030.科普英语阅读330篇卫东... [等] 著太原：山西高校联合出版社，1994 671页CNY18.80 H319.4/174031.考研英语分项复习指南主编张沛北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004 362页CNY33.00 (含光盘) H31/123532.外贸英语．上册谢毅斌编著北京：中国国际广播，1994 301页CNY16.00H31/340033.外贸英语．下册谢毅斌编著北京：中国国际广播，1994 427页CNY16.00 H31/340034.经济学专业英语教程．第一册翟象俊主编北京：中国人民大学出版社，1999 180页CNY12.00 H31/172235.商务英语综合教程总主编杨翠萍；主编谢丹焰北京：清华大学出版社：北方交通大学出版社，2003 4册 CNY38.50 H31/471436.初级商务英语(英) N. 布里格, J. 康福特编北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1996148页CNY15.80 H31/406437.中级商务英语(英)N. 布里格, J. 康福特编北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1996194页CNY19.80 H31/406438.会计英语李爽, 白蔚秋主编北京：中国财政经济出版社，2001 457页CNY25.00 H31/404039.新世纪经贸英语田耀主编天津：天津大学出版社，2001 383页CNY17.00H31/609740.用英语说经济弘恢主编北京：中国纺织出版社，2002 348页CNY21.00H31/129441.国际商务英语：商务理论、语言与实务：Theory, Language & practice 廖瑛... [等]著长沙：中南工业大学出版社，2002 330页CNY25.00 H31/001442.外经贸英语隋思忠主编北京：中国对外经济贸易出版社，2002 517页CNY49.00 H31/746543.商务谈判王正琪... [等] 编著杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002 273页CNY12.00 H31/101144.国际经贸高级英语：精读与翻译罗汉主编上海：复旦大学出版社，2002 265页CNY24.00 H31/603745.外贸英语实务曹菱主编北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000 221页CNY8.90 H31/554446.电脑英语王勤, 董兰编著天津：天津科技翻译出版公司，2002 200页CNY9.80 H31/104447.农经专业英语读本胡锡骥主编北京：农业出版社，1993 516页CNY4.25H319.4:F3/478148.英语语言学纲要丁言仁, 郝克[编著] 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001 396页CNY18.00 H31/100249.语用学与英语学习何自然编著上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997 242页CNY12.80 H31/2122语言考试类50.2002版硕士研究生入学考试王长喜英语指导主编王长喜北京：学苑出版社，2001404页CNY38.00 H31/104451.考研英语立竿见影：阅读理解技巧与模拟主编张孝民北京：世界图书出版公司，2001 283页CNY26.00 H31/124752.硕士研究生入学考试英语专项训练．英汉翻译与写作李培主编；考研命题研究组编写北京：科学技术文献出版社，2001 275页CNY10.00 H319.4/404053.硕士研究生入学考试英语专项训练．阅读理解刘玉萍主编；考研命题研究组编写北京：科学技术文献出版社，1999 246页CNY10.00 H319.4/021454.英语水平考试指导．上册徐闰生, 顾济男, 刘军编著徐州：中国矿业学院出版社，1987 258页CNY1.90 H31/283255.攻读硕士学位研究生入学英语考试指导：重点难点盲点误点弱点赵恒元主编北京：清华大学出版社，1998 648页CNY46.00 H31/449156.2006年考研英语新教程主编张锦芯北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005 481页CNY36.00 H31/128457.如何准备BEC中级考试周成刚, 王文山编著北京：世界知识出版社，2003 227页CNY16.00 H31/777758.考研英语主题阅读66篇索玉柱编著北京：中国人事出版社，2003 503页CNY24.00 H31/401459.考研英语突破：英语知识运用与英汉翻译编著刁克利北京：世界图书出版公司：教育科学出版社，2002 248页CNY21.20 H31/174260.全国硕士研究生入学英语考试复习指导王监龙主编北京：人民邮电出版社，2002403页CNY39.00 H31/102461.肖立齐考研英语复习教程：2003年肖立齐主编北京：外文出版社，2001 393页CNY40.00 H31/900062.剑桥商务英语考试必备．初级作者David Kerridge 上海：复旦大学出版社，2002126页CNY18.00 H31/840263.剑桥商务英语考试必备．高级作者Anne Dwyer 上海：复旦大学出版社，2002 152页CNY18.00 H31/840264.1995年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲中华人民共和国国家教育委员会制订北京：高等教育出版社，1994 386页CNY9.50 H3-44/528765.全国研究生入学考试外语课试题集：1981—1986 北京市高等学校招生办公室编北京：高等教育出版社，1986 665页CNY4.70 H3-44/100866.1995年研究生入学考试英语模拟题及题型分析袁秉政主编北京：中国人民大学出版社，1994 366页CNY9.50 H3-44/5287 详细信息。

英语专业(经贸英语方向)

英语专业（经贸英语方向）本科培养方案Undergraduate Program for Specialty in English(in the field of Economic and Trade English )一、培养目标I. Educational Objectives本专业培养德智体美全面发展，适应社会经济发展需要的，具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识及商贸知识和较强的实用技能的复合型、实用型高级英语专业人才。

学生毕业后可到经济、管理、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游、外事、对外经贸部门及外企从事翻译、涉外文秘、进出口业务等工作。

The program is designed to adapt the students to the development of social economy, enable them to have a solid foundation of English and extensive knowledge on scientific culture, trade and business and practical skills and develop them in an all-round way i. e., morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically. They will graduate as advanced inter-disciplinary and application-oriented talent capable of working on translation, foreign secretary, imports and exports business in the sector of Economy, Management, News Media, Education, Scientific Research, Tourism, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Economic & Trade and Foreign Enterprises, etc.二、基本要求II. Skills ProfileAs a student of this program, he/she is required to:1、热爱祖国，拥护中国共产党的领导，掌握马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观的基本理论体系；愿为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务；爱岗敬业、艰苦奋斗、热爱劳动、遵纪守法、团结合作；具有良好的思想品德、社会公德和职业道德。

国际经济与贸易专业需要考哪些证书

国际经济与贸易专业需要考哪些证书外贸人必备的6大证书 (除了最后的国际商务师执业资格证书以外，你都可以去考，同时现阶段的学习也要目标国际商务师执业资格去努力。

)国际经济与贸易专可以考的证书一.国际贸易单证员证书点评：在国际贸易实施过程中，合同、定单、报关、报检、运输、仓储、银行、保险等各个环节，无一不是通过各种单据凭证来维持。

因此，外贸企业对单证员的需求较大，据预测，未来5年，上海单证员缺口在12万左右。

由于单证员操作技能的高低直接关系到外贸业务结汇的时效和成败，从业要求较高，而上海现有的20多万名从业人员中，持专业证书的不到10%。

因此，具有单证员证书者成为就业市场上的“抢手货”，月薪一般在5000元左右。

此外，国际贸易单证操作技能是每个从事外贸业务工作者必备的基本功，大学生进入外贸、外资企业从事外贸工作，一般都从单证操作员做起，因此，求职前最好先考张单证员证书。

单证员的工作就是负责国际贸易中运输、海关、商检等环节各种单证的管理和操作二.国际货运代理员证书国际货运代理员的工作是接受进出口货物发货人、收货人的委托，为其办理国际货物运输及相关业务。

点评：上海现有货代企业2000多家，随着上海加紧建设大小洋山深水港，力争在两年内成为全球第二大集装箱港，货代业的发展前景广阔，货代企业数量将快速增加，对专业人才的需求也将水涨船高。

根据国家外经贸部的有关计划，为规范国际货运代理行业的操作流程和提高从业人员业务水平，2005年后将在国际货代行业推行持证上岗制度。

对现从事货代工作者来说，要想保住饭碗，必须考张国际货运代理员证书；而对打算进入这一领域的人士来说，该证书更是入行的“敲门砖”。

五.报检员资格证书报检员是指在外贸企业、代理报检企业等企业和机构中专业从事出入境检验检疫报检业务的人员。

点评：最近几年，上海的外贸业务量飞速增长，每年的报检货物量已达到70多万批。

随着外贸量的骤增，对持证报检员的需求不断增大。

高标准国际经贸规则

高标准国际经贸规则国际经贸规则专业是一门本科专业，国际经贸规则专业的学生需要学习的内容有经济法、知识产权法、国际经济法、世界贸易组织法、国际商事仲裁、非诉业务模拟、wto争端解决案例模拟。

国际经贸规则专业是为了未来能处理国际经贸争端、国际投资争议、跨国知识产权纠纷，并能够解决“一带一路”、国内自由贸易区、自由贸易港下各类涉外法律问题而储备人才。

国际经贸规则专业的学生毕业后主要就职于国内外与经贸相关的政府机构、中外律师事务所、跨国公司等，亦可选择到国内外高等院校、科研机构继续深造。

据估计，国贸专业近几年的就业率都在87%以上，属就业率较低的专业。

国贸专业前辈们的从业人员单位牵涉外贸企业、外资企业、跨国公司、具有外贸经营权的企业和其他民商事经贸部门等等。

主要劳动力方向包含在国内外银行与非银行金融机构专门从事经营管理工作；在工商企业专门从事国际贸易、金融投资、市场营销、电子商务、国际物流等工作。

就业前景与方向：1、国际经贸规则专业就是为了未来能够处置国际经贸争端、国际投资争议、跨国科学知识产权纠纷，并能化解“一带一路”、国内自由贸易区、自由贸易港下各类民商事法律问题而储备人才。

2、该专业毕业后主要就职于国内外与经贸相关的政府机构、中外律师事务所、跨国公司等，亦可选择到国内外高等院校、科研机构继续深造。

3、本专业培育的学生应当较系统地掌控马克思主义经济学基本原理和国际经济、国际贸易的基本理论，掌控国际贸易的基本知识与基本技能，介绍当代国际经济贸易的发展现状，熟识通行的国际贸易规则和惯例，以及中国对外贸易的政策法规，介绍主要国家与地区的社会经济情况，能够在涉外经济贸易部门、外资企业及政府机构专门从事实际业务、管理、调研和宣传策划工作的高级专门人才。

国际经济与贸易专业应该算是一个新的专业，20世纪80年代，当时改革开发大潮中刚刚涌动之时，很多院校开设国际经济与贸易专业，90年代中后期遇到了“瓶颈”，造成很多学生找不到如意的工作。

国际经贸高级英语

国际经贸高级英语International Economics and Trade Advanced English。

Introduction:。

International economics and trade are the areas of study that deal with the production, consumption, and exchange of goods and services across international boundaries. The global economy is influenced by various factors, including government policies, market forces, and cultural differences. Therefore, understanding international economics and trade requires proficiency in a variety of disciplines, including history, political science, finance, and law. In this advanced English course, we will explore the key concepts and theories that shape the global economy, including international trade, multinational corporations, and foreign direct investment.Learning Objectives:。

By the end of this course, students will be able to:。

1. Understand the basic principles of international economics and trade.2. Analyze the impact of government policies oninternational trade and investment.3. Evaluate the role of multinational corporations in the global economy.4. Discuss the challenges and opportunities of doingbusiness in foreign markets.5. Develop language proficiency in the field ofinternational economics and trade.Course Outline:。

国际贸易专业的英语要求几级

Hale Waihona Puke 国际贸易专业的英语要求几级
国际贸易（International Trade）也称通商，是指跨越国境的货品和服务交易，一般由进口贸易和出口贸易所组成，因此也可称之为进出口贸易。国际贸易也叫世界贸易。进出口贸易可以调节国内生产要素的利用率，改善国际间的供求关系，调整经济结构，增加财政收入等。
国际贸易专业属于经济学学科范畴，主要以经济学理论为依托，包括微观经济学、宏观经济学、国际经济学、计量经济学、世界经济学概论、政治经济学等。
外贸跟单员定义：外贸跟单员是指在进出口业务中，在贸易合同签订后，依据合同和相关单证对货物加工、装运、保险、报检、报关、结汇等部分或全部环节进行跟踪或操作，协助履行贸易合同的外贸业务人员。
外贸跟单员按业务进程可分为前程跟单、中程跟单和全程跟单三大类： ①前程跟单是指“跟” 到出口货物交到指定出口仓库为止； ②中程跟单是指“跟”到装船清关为止； ③全程跟单是指 “跟”到货款到账，合同履行完毕为止。跟单员按业务性质分又可分为外贸跟单和订单跟单（生产跟单）。
2022年4月23日，高校外语专业教学测试办公室发布通知，根据全国疫情防控形势，原定于2022 年5月28日举行的全国高等学校英语专业八级考试（TEM8），将延期至2022年下半年举行。
国际经济与贸易是一门普通高等学校本科专业，属经济与贸易类专业，基本修业年限为四年，授予经济学学士学位。1998年，国际经济与贸易专业正式出现于《普通高等学校本科专业目录》中。
国际贸易专业的英语要求： 1、没有明确的要求。 2、只要能够交流就行。 3、有的人什么英语级别也没达到，但他能够与老外交流并能签单。这就够了。国际趴施贸易学是一门应用经济学学科，主要研究国际贸易理论与政策、企业国际化经营、国际商务与全球营销、国际贸易风险分析与规避，为企业高层管理人员制定国际化经营战略和政府有关部门制定国际贸易政策提供理论依据和分析手段。国际经济与贸易专业属于经济学学科范畴，主要以经济学理论为依托，包括微观经济学、宏观经济学、国际经济学、计量经济学、世界经济学概论、政治经济学等。

国际经贸高级英语精读与翻译

3.期权（1）含义期权（option）又称为选择权，是在期货的基础上产生的一种衍生性金融工具。从其本质上讲，期权实质上是在金融领域中将权利和义务分开进行定价，使得权利的受让人在规定时间内对于是否进行交易，行使其权利，而义务方必须履行。在期权的交易时，购买期权的一方称作买方，而出售期权的一方则叫做卖方；买方即是权利的受让人，而卖方则是必须履行买方行使权利的义务人。（2）主要种类由于期权交易方式、方向、标的物等方面的不同，产生了众多的期权品种，对期权进行合理的分类，更有利于我们了解外汇期权产品。 ① 按期权的权利划分，有看涨期权和看跌期权两种类型。看涨期权（Call Options）是指期权的买方向期权的卖方支付一定数额的权利金后，即拥有在期权合约的有效期内，按事先约定的价格向期权卖方买入一定数量的期权合约规定的特定商品的权利，但不负有必须买进的义务。而期权卖方有义务在期权规定的有效期内，应期权买方的要求，以期权合约事先规定的价格卖出期权合约规定的特定商品。看跌期权（Put Options）是指期权的买方向期权的卖方支付一定数额的权利金后，即拥有在期权合约的有效期内，按事先约定的价格向期权卖方卖出一定数量的期权合约规定的特定商品的权利，但不负有必须卖出的义务。而期权卖方有义务在期权规定的有效期内，应期权买方的要求，以期权合约事先规定的价格买入期权合约规定的特定商品。 ② 按期权合约上的标的划分，有股票期权、股指期权、利率期权、商品期权以及外汇期权等种类。
Unit 13 Increasing Futures and Derivatives
1
Background
1.金融衍生品主要有以下三种分类： (1)根据产品形态，可以分为远期、期货、期权和互换四大类。远期合约和期货合约都是交易双方约定在未来某一特定时间、以某一特定价格、买卖某一特定数量和质量资产的交易形式。期货合约是期货交易所制定的标准化合约，对合约到期日及其买卖的资产的种类、数量、质量作出了统一规定。远期合约是根据买卖双方的特殊需求由买卖双方自行签订的合约。因此，期货交易流动性较高，远期交易流动性较低。期权交易是买卖权利的交易。期权合约规定了在某一特定时间、以某一特定价格买卖某一特定种类、数量、质量原生资产的权利。期权合同有在交易所上市的标准化合同，也有在柜台交易的非标准化合同。（2）根据原生资产分类，即股票、利率、汇率和商品。如果再加以细分，股票类中又包括具体的股票（股票期货、股票期权合约）和由股票组合形成的股票指数期货和期权合约等；利率类中又可分为以短期存款利率为代表的短期利率（如利率期货、利率远期、利率期权、利率互换合约）和以长期债券利率为代表的长期利率（如债券期货、债券期权合约）；货币类中包括各种不同币种之间的比值；商品类中包括各类大宗实物商品。到目前为止，国际金融领域中，流行的衍生产品有如下四种：互换、期货、期权和远期利率协议。采取这些衍生产品的最主要目的均为保值或投机。但是这些衍生产品所以能存在与发展都有其前提条件，那就是发达的远期市场。