考研英语阅读精选
考研英语阅读题
题目2：Environmental Conservation Challenges
阅读材料：Environmental conservation faces numerous challenges, including climate change, loss of biodiversity, and overexploitation of resources. Climate change has led to an increase in extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and wildfires, which have devastating effects on the environment. Loss of biodiversity threatens the stability of ecosystems and the survival of numerous species. Overexploitation of resources, such as deforestation and overfishing, has led to the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of habitats. Despite these challenges, there are solutions to address them, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting endangered species, and promoting sustainable resource management. However, it requires global cooperation and individual actions to overcome these challenges and protect the environment.
考研英语阅读理解七篇经典文章解析
考研英语阅读理解七篇经典文章解析SEVEN SKILLS FOR QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES IN 21ST CENTURYTechnical and technological skills will take on greater importance. There will be a growing need for people who can understand and fix systems——from computer systems to product distribution systems to plumbing systems.Visionary skills will be in demand. The ability to gather and absorb a wide range of input, then use that knowledge, understanding, and perspective to guide organization into future, will be vital.Numbers and measurement will be important, of course, but smoothing the flow form month to month,from quarter to quarter will be essential for highly profitable long-term performance. Practically every company will have to move away from today's obsession with looking ahead only as far as the next financial reporting period.Ability to organize will definitely be important in the corporation of the future. Everywhere there will be a need to organize something: resources, workflow, marketing mix, financial opportunities, and much more, all will demand high levels of organization and reorganization.Persuasive skills will be used in many ways by the corporation of the future, themost-effective individuals will be those who know how to present information and ideas so that others can understand and support a particular position. Good salesmanship will be essential in many more interactions than we consider today, especially inside the organization.Communication skills——careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking,and accurate description——will be invaluable. In tomorrow's fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.Ability to learn will be above everything else in importance——empowering people to grow in effectiveness and help their companies achieve desired objectives. Some of this skill is innate, but many people enhance their ability to learn——and to relate different aspects of learning ——through college and university courses. We believe the liberal arts education experience will prove to be the most valuable type of education for tomorrow's leaders.The top employees of the coming century will be flexible, creative and motivated toward making a positive difference in the world. They will seek balance,growth and fulfillment in both their work and home environments. The corporation of the future must respond to these needs and desires; otherwise they will find themselves hampered by a lack of qualified people to accomplish the organization's work.译文：21世纪合格人材必备7大技能1.技术专长与创新能力——将更加重要。
考研英语阅读理解精读80篇
第三部分：阅读理解（每小题 2 分，满分40 分）（A）Nine years ago, after Leo had died, people said to me, "I never knew he was your stepfather." You see, I never called him that. At first, he was no one special in my life. Then he became my friend. In time, I felt he was also my father.Leo married my mother when I was eleven. Two years later we moved into a house in a new suburban（郊区的）development, where we put down roots. At first our lawn （草坪） was just a pile of mud with wild grass, but Leo saw bright possibilities. "We'll plant trees there to give us shade as well as some flowers," he said. And just these little touches made our house different from all the others. More important, a real family was forming within this house, with its own special traditions. Leo was becoming a fulltime parent, and I was learning what it meant to have a father.Weekday mornings when the weather was bad, Leo often drove me to school. Having a father drop you off may have been something my classmates took for granted, but I always thought it was wonderful. Saturday mornings, we went to the hardware（五金）shop, then stepped into the five and ten, buying a sports magazine or something else. Some people might think that doing shopping together is nothing special, but I, who had ever before spent my childhood watching other families do their everyday activities, experienced them now with extreme delight. Looking back, I realized that Leo gave me what I needed most, the experience of doing ordinary things together as a family.Soon after we moved to the suburbs, one of our new neighbors introduced herself to me. She had already met my mother and Leo. "You know," she said, "you look just like your father." I knew she was just making conversation but even so... "Thank you", I said. Why tell her anything different?56. The writer's purpose in writing this passage is _____ .A. to share her unforgettable experiencesB. to show how interesting a person Leo wasC. to remind us of our parentsD. to explain why they moved to the suburbs57. Which of the following can be used in place of "put down roots"?A. Settled.B. Planted.C. Farmed.D. Worked.58. In the writer's opinion, _____ .A. it is not easy for stepfamilies to live togetherB. not all the stepfathers are as good as LeoC. the husband and wife must think more about their children before they divorce（离婚）D. in stepfamilies the love and friendship are extremely precious59. When he said "Why tell her anything different", the writer meant that ____ .A. he should have told her the truthB. he wouldn't tell her the truthC. he wanted to tell her something that had nothing to do with LeoD. he'd like to keep silence whenever he met the neighbors（B）The modern Olympic Games were founded with the intention of improving health and education, promoting world peace, and encouraging fair and equal competition. But over the years, the Olympic saying, "faster, higher, stronger", has pushed scientists as well as athletes to do everything possible to reach new levels.Doctors, engineers and coaches all use everything science has to offer to achieve that little bit extra in competition. The reason modern technology has become part of sport is very simple: winning is just as important as it was 2,500 years ago at the Olympics of ancient Greece. Developments in technology have often been reflected in the methods of training and performance at the Olympics through history. This technology falls into two main groups: improving an athlete's performance in competition, and allowing results to be measured more accurately.One of the creations that has drawn the most attention is the new high-tech swimsuit from Speedo, which was used by many US swimmers in Athens. Until Sydney 2000, it was thought that the smaller the swimsuit, the faster the swimmer would travel."However, the fact that at the Sydney Olympics, 28 of the 33 gold medalists were wearing the body covering Fastskin suit proved the theory was out of date," said Andy Thomas, vice-president of Speedo.The company's full body suit is supposed to make swimmers 3 to 4 percent faster, particularly when turning or diving into the water. It is believed that the suit creates less water resistance as it moves, behaving more like a shark skin than a human skin.The introduction of high-tech equipment means that athletes in all sports, from the 100-metre sprint to the pole vault, can now train more effectively.Meanwhile, scientific development also means performances can be measured and studied more accurately. Not only are winning times more accurately recorded, but cheating athletes are easier to catch out. Athens 2004 organizers promised to use only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.60. Which is not the first aims of the modern Olympic Games?A. Improving health and education.B. Promoting world peace.C. Encouraging fair and equal competition.D. Winning medals.61. The reason modern technology has become part of sport is that people ___ .A. make every effort to win medalsB. do their best to invent new sports equipmentC. try to test their abilitiesD. want to improve their condition of competition62. From the passage we know ___ .A. before the Sydney Olympics people thought the less the swimmers wore, the faster they swamB. at the Sydney Olympics among 33 swimming and diving gold medalists, 28 wore the full body suit made by SpeedoC. people think the body covering swimsuit is not popularD. it is believed that the new high-tech suit creates no water resistance as it moves63. In the passage it mentions that high technology is involved in ____ aspects.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4(C)"Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell."This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unknown citizen who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it.We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can change our lives.But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?Picture this: You're rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How calm and happy do you feel?Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they lead simple lives.One family in the UK went "back in time" to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10 and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phones.The grandmother, Lyn, said: "It was hard physically. But not mentally." She believed life was less materialistic （物质的）. "The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes," she said. The boys said they fought less. Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer. Also Lyn changed from being a "fashionable, beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things."Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!· Don't be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don't check your emails every day.· Make sure you spend some time talking to your family. Set aside one evening a week when you don't turn on the television. Play cards and chat instead.· Get a low-tech hobby. Every day, do something in the old-fashioned way, such as walking to have a face-to-face meeting instead of using the email or telephone.· Don't worry too much about life -- laugh more!64. The passage is mainly about ______ .A. problems with technologyB. improvements of our life with technologyC. the important roles technology plays in our everyday lifeD. major changes which will be likely to happen to technology65. The writer uses the quote（引语） at the beginning of the story to ____ .A. share a truth about lifeB. tell us what life was like long time agoC. make us wonder what causes such a thing to happenD. point out that you experience some big problems and they may be the same66. Why did the family choose to spend some time in a 1940s house?A. Because they loved to live simple lives.B. Because they were curious about how people lived without modern inventions.C. Because they were troubled by modern inventions.D. Because living in a different time would be a lot of fun for them.67. What do you think the underlined word "available" in the 1st suggestion offered by the writer means?A. Busy on time.B. Free.C. Be able to.D. To be found by others.（D）It's great to go on vacation, but it's also nice to come home. Migrating （迁徙） birds seem to feel the same way. Birds such as black-tailed godwits, a migrating bird that can be found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and north Australia, fly south every winter. Then, they return home to spend the summer months with their life long partner.Now, scientists have found, pairs of godwits often return to their summer breeding （繁殖）grounds within three days of each other, even though they spend the entire winter apart. It's as if they arranged the date that they would meet up again.Researchers in England, put coloured leg bands on the birds. Then, they asked birdwatchers around Europe to report by email when and where they saw the birds during the winter.The simplest way for birds to return at the same time would be to spend the winter together. After all, if they're in different places, they can't call each other on the phone and talk about when they'll meet again. But, the survey found that couples usually spent their winters in different countries up to 1, 000 kilometres apart. One male, for example, spent the winter on the coast of Ireland while his mate was in France.These findings are important for protecting the birds, scientists say. Black-tailed godwits live for up to 25 years. They spend their summers in Iceland, where they mate, but they spread all over other parts of Europe in winter. Once a pair mates, there's a 90 per cent chance that they'll return to mate with each other again the next year. So, protection of their wide web of holiday destinations （目的地） is very important.How do the birds arrange their date of return? Unless scientists find their feathered cellphones, that question will remain a mystery.68. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Migrating birds all fly south every winter.B. Migrating birds return home in summer.C. Godwits often fly south in couples every winter.D. Godwits often return home almost at the same time.69. ___________________________________ According to the passage we know that .A. the birds return at the same time because they arrange the date before they partB. the couples don't spend their winters together because they want to live apart for some timeC. the birds use their special feathered cellphones to arrange their dateD. once two birds become a couple they are likely to mate again the next year70. ________________________________ We can infer from the passage that .A. black-tailed godwits are loyal to their matesB. black-tailed godwits return home only to spend their summersC. we know how to find and feed black-tailed godwitsD. we know why couples of godwits usually spend their winters in different places71. Which is the best title?A. How Birds Spend Their WintersB. How Birds Spend Their SummersC. Birds Come Back Home for LoveD. Birds Are to Be Protected(E)Nowadays, more and more lovers are using email to communicate with each other. The result: a new culture of love-letter writing has evolved and is rewriting the rules of how we express our love.Make no mistake: in many cases email love letters significantly resemble their ancestors. The verbal imagery has hardly changed. Experts believe, in fact, that far more people now carry out sweet talk in cyberspace than in the time before email came along. When people use email, everything is more relaxed, and less curious. This helps the sweet words flow.Nicola Doering, a media researcher, emphasizes that for many people contact over email is simpler: "The language is different in traditional letters; people tend to write more like they speak." This means that sometimes less thought goes into an email than a traditional love letter. Emails are more casual. This is obviously encouraging for many people.But for romantic emails, writers reach back to the language of poetry. "Your clear-blue eyes" is typical of the kind of phrase found in love letters. Moreover, at least one traditional symbol between lovers has made an outstanding comeback. Even in the love letters of the 19th century, one often found the letter X as a symbol of a kiss. Many paper love letters would have three X's at the bottom as closing. And this symbol is often used today between lovers in their email messages.In spite of all the technological advancement that email represents, classic love letters on paper still have a special meaning, the experts say. Ink on paper simply affects many people more strongly than lines on a computer screen. It appears more serious, more permanent, as if written for all time.Sometimes people want to have something to touch, a letter that you can hold in your hand is obviously better than an email.But Internet technology is ready to help even those with the courage to write a classic handwritten love letter. What stops many lovers from penning their most romantic thoughts is not a lack of good intentions but an inability to piece together a few sweet lines, says Thomas Neuss, the organizer of one Internet site devoted to romantic letters.72. The author strongly believes that _____ .A. email love letters are more significant than traditional onesB. email love letters are more convenient than traditional onesC. most email love letters copy sweet words from traditional onesD. most email love letters are quite similar to traditional ones73. In the second paragraph, the term "verbal imagery" refers to ___ .A. the oral workB. the sweet wordsC. the verb formD. their ancestor74. Which of the following is NOT the author's opinion on traditional love letters?A. They have a better effect.B. They aren't out of date.C. They are more reliable.D. They are more romantic.75. By showing that the letter X is popular in email love letters, the author intends to tell us .A. many people like using letters to express their loveB. traditional symbol between lovers has been popularC. the romantic expression is also employed in emailsD. the language in email love letters becomes simpler。
英语考研阅读文章精选
英语考研阅读文章精选英语阅读不仅是获取信息的重要途径,也是外语学习必须掌握的一个主要技能。
下面是店铺带来的英语考研阅读文章，欢迎阅读!英语考研阅读文章精选As many women know only too well, finding a dress that fits like a glove is no easy task.许多女人都很明白吧，想要找一条和手套一样合适的裙子可不是容易事。
But a new dress, created using a 3D printer, may be the answer to every woman's style woes.但是这条用3D打印机打印出来的新裙子，也许可以解决每个女人的时尚问题了。
A design studio have used 3D printing technology to create an innovative dress customised to a woman’s body.一件设计室已经可以用3D打印技术“制作”为女人量身订造创新型的裙子。
The dress, which costs a staggering £1,900 ($3,000) to print, features 2,279 printed panels interconnected by 3,316 hinges.这条裙子，出人意料的要花1900镑(3000美金)来打印，由3316条铰链连接2279块打印的图案。
Creators Nervous Systemcall it a ‘4D dress’ as, like fabric, the printed garment can go from a compressed object to its intended shape.创造者神经系统称其“4D裙子”，因为像织物一样，这件打印的衣服可以从一件被压扁的物件展开成你想要的形状。
考研英语一阅读理解真题大全
考研英语一阅读理解真题大全这类有很长同位语的的句子，其实就是纸老虎，目的就是为了打断我们的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，从而造成理解困难，应付这种语句，我们要先找出其主语，从整理上了解清晰，下文是我为你细心编辑整理的考研英语一阅读理解真题大全，盼望对你有所关心，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，感谢!考研英语一阅读理解真题大全1Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. V ocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.考研英语一阅读理解真题大全2TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families havesurvived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for anon-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-asnon-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals have most to fear because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs考研英语一阅读理解真题大全3Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2022. For the most part，the response has been favorable，to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini，a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise，however，is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini，who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times，calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez，that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part，I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure，he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，but it is not necessary for me to visit AveryFisher Hall，or anywhere else，to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf，or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time，attention，and money of the art-loving public，classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses，dance troupes，theater companies，and museums，but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap，available everywhere，and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances; moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted：Alex Ross，a classical-music critic，has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different，more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text，which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic，the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.考研英语一阅读理解真题大全4Text 1In the 2022 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,HM, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For HM to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2022 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including HM, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.考研英语一文章到此就结束了，欢迎大家下载使用并丰富，共享给更多有需要的人。
研究生英语必读10篇短文
1.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured（施肥）a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently --- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets --- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life --- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.2. During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. When the crops were good, the economy on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat with almost as much felling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasingly favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, but farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producer groups asked for farmer controls, but governments had no wish to become involved, at least not until wartime wheat prices threatened to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising living costs, the federal government appointed a board of grain supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle the crop of 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with full authority to buy, sell and set prices3.In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical energy used in the production of that product. When computed in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firm‟‟s contribution to the national economy. Itis a more realistic index, of course, than gross sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells nothing about production costs and whether the manufacturing firm is operating at a profit or at a loss.In education there is now a spirited quarrel as to whether such a concept would not be most appropriate for college graduates is evidently reflected in the salaries they can command upon receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command impressive salaries upon graduation and by implication, there must be an appreciable value added to their marketability by the education and training they received in college. When looked at more closely, however, the missing factor is obviously the difference between learner capabilities prior to their educational experiences and graduate capabilities after earning a college degree. In brief, how much does the student benefit from the instruction he or she has received4. Today，there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However，nearly all require some break in one‘s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education，that is，attending school at night or for one weekend a month，tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally，such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning，however，perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method，which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals，which are so necessary in today‘s world. The time required to study many be set aside at the student’s convenience with due regard to all life‘s other requirements. Additionally，the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world，while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail，telephone，facsimile machine，teleconferencing and over the Internet. Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalence of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance-learning program. In the final analysis，a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit，professional development，and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.5. It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. School often have too restricting an atmosphere with its timetables and disciplines to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. Students should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life theydo not look back and say “I should like to have been an architect. If I hadn‟t taken a degree in modern languages, I should not have ended up as an interpreter , but it‟s so late that I couldn‟t possibly go back and start all over again.” there is ,of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one‟s time at university. This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. He is immediately accepted by the University of his Choice, and spend his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class honor degree and very little knowledge of what the outside of the world is all about. it therefore becomes more and more important that if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be very much detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this median can we be sure that we are not to have. On the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything without of their own subject, and on the other hand, and ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subject for which there is little or no requirement in the working world.6.How should gifted children be identified？Parents may not be able to identify gifted children；they do not have sufficient basis for comparison．Their observations may be distorted by their ambi－tions．However，they may be able to furnish details about th e child… s early development that Indicate to the discerning teacher or psychologist the presence of superior ability．Teachers who are familiar with the characteristics of gifted children and who have a chance to observe children In an Informal and challenging environment can give evidence that Is valuable In identifying the gifted．Teachers have dally opportunity to observe how skillfully children use language，how quickly they see rela tlons，how sensitive they are to things In their nvironment，how readily they learn，how easily they remember．Moreover，gifted children usually show outstanding resourcefulness and imagination，sustained attention，and wide Interests．Classroom and playground also offer opportunities to identify children who get along exceptionally Well With others and handle frustrating situations with exceptional maturity. It is most reward-ing to study children…s Interaction in groups．However，teachers have been given little help In using these dally opportunities to identify and educate the socially gifted．Like parental observation，teacher observation also has its pit falls．So me teachers have a tendency to overrate the abilities of docile，obedient，conscientious children．Others fail to recognize potential giftedness that Is suppressed by emotional conflicts or by boredom with dull，routinized，teacher．dominated situations．7.Most London colleges have a library, with a full-time or part-time librarian, who will be able to give students information on the facilities available for consulting of borrowing books. In addition, the Public Libraries give a valuable service to students attending colleges, evening classed or working on their own. Public Libraries are maintained by the City Corporation and the various London Borough Councils. They will be helpful to students who wish to further their studies by using the comprehensive library services available in the metropolitan areas. These libraries have over five million books in stock, the majority of which are for loan, and there is a system of inter-availability of lending-library tickets which extends throughout the metropolitan area. Reference Department are provided for the use of those who wish to consult books and periodicals in library, or heavy publications such as encyclopedias which cannot betaken out on loan. Public Library stocks are of a general nature, covering all subjects, many of them to higher degree standard of beyond. In addition, each public library in the metropolitan area specializes in a group of interrelated subjects and, through the cooperation between various libraries, their combined resources are made generally available. Moreover, through the inter-lending system of the British Library, it is usually possible for books not available in London public libraries to be obtained from specialist libraries. Music stocks, for example, include music writing and frequently records. Full details of these various services can be obtained from the Central Library in each area. Addresses and telephone numbers are listed in the London telephone directory.8. In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the latter half of the 19th century; most of them were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S., the day nursery movement received great impetus during the First World War, when shortage of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established even in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. although the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose sharply , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, however , Federal State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control over the day nurseries, chiefly by formulating them.The outbreak of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were again called up on to replace men in the factories. On this occasion the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, allocating $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities supplemented this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared for in daycare centers receiving Federal subsidies .Soon afterward, the Federal government drastically cut clown its expenditures for this purpose and later abolished them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their job at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.9. All Americans are at least vaguely familiar with the plight of the American Indian. Cutbacks in federal programs for Indians have made their problems plight more severe in recent years. Josephy reports，“even 1981 it was estimated that cutbacks in federal programs for Indians totaled about $500 million”or more than ten times the cuts affecting their by the end of fellow Americans. Additional cuts seem to be threatened in the future. This reduced funding is affecting almost allaspects of reservation life，including education. If the Indians could solve their educational problems，solutions to many of their other problems might not be far behind. In this paper the current status of Indian education will be described and evaluated and some ways of improving this education will be proposed.Whether to assimilate with the dominant American culture or to preserve Indian culture has been a longstanding issue in Indian education. After the Civil War full responsibility for Indian education was turned over by the government to churches and missionary groups. The next fifty years became a period of enforced assimilation in all areas of Indian culture，but especially in religion and education. John Collier，a reformer who agitated in favor of Indians and their culture form the early 1920s until his death in 1968，had a different idea. He believed that instead of effacing native culture，Indian schools should encourage and revitalize it.Pressure to assimilate remains a potent force today，however . More and more Indians are graduating from high school and college and becoming eligible for jobs in the non-Indian society. “When Indians obtain the requisite skills，many of them enter the broader American society and succeed. ”at present approximately 90 percent of all Indian children are educated in state public school systems. How well these children compete with the members of the dominant society，however，is another matter.10. There is a general expectation that teachers can spot talented children and do something for them. But studies have shown that teachers do not always recognize gifted children, even those with academic talent. In fact, they fail to identify from 10 to 50 percent of their gifted students.The first step in identifying gifted students is determining the reason for finding them. If we want to choose a group of students for an advanced mathematics class, our approach would be different than if we are looking for students with high talent for a creative-writing program. Specific program needs and requirements, then, shape the identification process. Subjective evaluation-teacher judgment, parent referral--should be checked by standardized tests and other objective measures of ability. Any program for identifying gifted children in a school system should include both subjective and objective methods of evaluation Classroom behavior, for example, can point up children’’s ability to organize and use materials and reveal their potential for processing information better than can a test situation. Many aspects of creativity and verbal fluency are also best observed in a classroom or informal setting.11. There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in 1960s.During the 1960s eight completely new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by converting old colleges of technology into universities. In the same period the number of students more than doubled, from 70 000 to more than 200,000.By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are private institutions. Each has its own governing councils, including some local businessmen and local politicians as well as a few academics(大学教师).The state began to give grants to them fifty years ago , and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its funds from state grants. Students have to pay fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and food unless his parents are rich. Most students takes jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside work during the academic year.The Department of Education takes responsibility for the payment which cover the whole expenditure of the universities , but it does not exercise direct control.It can have an important influenceon new developments through its power to distribute funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly composed of academics.12.Urbanization and industrialization demanded new directions in education. Public education， once a dream， now becomes a reality. Education was forced to meet new social changes. American society was getting much more complex； literacy became more essential. Secondary education， which had been almost totally in the hands of private individuals up to the time of the Civil War， gradually became a public concern. By the early 1900s there were over 7000 high schools， totaling an enrollment of over 1 million. Technological changes demand more vocational training. Subjects such as bookkeeping， typing， agriculture， woodworking， and metalworking were introduced into the curriculum. American education finally was becoming universal.Higher education also responded to the need for more and different education. The Morril Act of 1862 established state land grant colleges that taught agricultural methods and vocational subjects. While curriculums included a large number of required courses during the first two years of college， more elective subjects were added during the last two years. In 1876 Hopkins University instituted America ‘s first graduate school for advanced study. In general， American education began to respond to the complexities of the industrial age and the need for a new focus in education.。
考研英语经典阅读材料19篇
Another digital gold rush又一轮的数字淘金热Internet companies are booming again. Does that mean it is time to buy or to sell?互联网公司再次勃兴。
这是否意味着买入或者卖出正逢时？May 12th 2011 | BEIJING AND SAN FRANCISCO | from the print editionPIER 38 is a vast, hangar-like structure, perched on San Francisco w’asterfront. Once a place where Chinese immigrants landed with picks and shovels, ready to build railways during California ’s Gold Rush, the pier is now home to a host of entrepreneurs with smartphones and computers engaged in a race for internet riches. From their open-plan offices, the young people running start-ups with fashionably odd names such as NoiseToys, Adility and Trazzler can gaze at the fancy yachts moored nearby when they aren ’t furiously tapping out lines of code.38 号坞棚（PIER 38）是坐落在旧金山滨海的一幢巨大棚库状结构的建筑。
在加利福尼亚淘金潮时期，这里曾是准备修建铁路的中国移入民带着铁锹铁铲的登陆地，而这些坞棚如今则是一群带着智能电话和电脑埋头于互联网财富竞赛的实业家们的老巢，这些年轻人运营着有着像NoiseToys，Adility 和Trazzler 这样名字新潮而古怪的新兴企业，在他们激情四溢的打出一行行的代码之外的时间里，可以凝望到（眺望）停泊在附近的豪华游艇。
考研英语阅读精读真题精选
考研英语阅读精读真题精选"Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness"wrot eMiltonFriedman,aNobelPrize-winningeconomist"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto increaseitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremiseandregardcorporatesoc ialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'smoney ,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompa niesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$ 15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingf irm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"signal"thatacompany 'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasani ndirectmaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse"haloeffect"wherebyitsgoodde edsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseef fectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberypros ecutionsunderAmerican'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproduc tsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybyth ehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostc omprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm'spoliti calinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedforthelen iency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidno treceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlye valuateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacom pany'srecordinCSR."Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporategiving byabout20%resultinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypic alpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials."saysoneresearcher.Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionat howmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect ,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotr oublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostl ypunishment.诺贝尔经济学奖得主、经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼写道，企业社会责任有且仅有一种，“那就是，利用自身资源从事能让其获利的各种活动。
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案考研英语阅读是考试中的重要部分，通过阅读理解题目，考生可以提升英语语言能力和考试答题能力。
下面将为大家整理一些历年考研英语阅读真题及答案，供各位考生参考。
一、真题一阅读理解题目：Passage 1Questions 1-3 are based on the following passage.Vasily Grossman, a journalist and writer, was recognized only belatedly in the Soviet Union. But by the time of his death in 1964 his works could no longer be ignored or suppressed completely.Grossman was born in a Jewish family in 1905 in Berdichev (Ukraine) and after training for a career in civil engineering became a writer and journalist, first in Ukraine, then in Moscow. His first literary success was a volume of short stories (1934) and his first novel, Stalingrad (1952), established his reputation as a writer of remarkable talents. It is a fine example of the "Bread and Battles" type of fiction-- novels with a Central Russian war theme.Between the wars Grossman established himself as a newspaper reporter of the first rank. At the outbreak of the German invasion in 1941 he became a war reporter. His articles in the army newspaper Red Star had considerable effect. After the war he continued to write--describing, for example, the1943 Battle of Kursk in which a German advance was halted. These articles lead directly to the writing of Stalingrad.In 1959 his novel Life and Fate was finished, and when it became apparent that the manuscript would be suppressed by the authorities, Grossman gave copies to friends. A "textbook example of containment," the manuscript switched across the Iron Curtain and was first published in the West in 1980; in the Soviet Union only an abridged version was eventually published in 1988.Grossman's major themes are war and totalitarianism. He writes with great authority and humanity. In his later years he suffered from cruel persecution at the hands of the authorities and died a broken man.1. Vasily Grossman was initially recognized as a writer(A) during his lifetime(B) after his death(C) when his works were published in the West(D) after his works had been highly evaluated2. Grossman's first novel, Stalingrad, established his reputation by(A) describing a battle of the Second World War(B) criticizing the authorities' persecution(C) relating his post-war experience(D) criticizing totalitarianism3. Grossman's Life and Fate(A) was not praised as much as Stalingrad(B) was first published in the Soviet Union(C) was taken out of the Soviet Union in its entirety(D) was intended to show the effects of containment参考答案：1. A2. A3. C二、真题二阅读理解题目：Passage 2It is a common belief that emotions interfere with our reasoning abilities and lead to irrational decisions. However, recent studies have shown that emotions can actually be beneficial to the decision-making process.One study conducted by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio revealed that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain had difficulty making decisions, even though their intelligence was not affected. This study suggests that emotions play a crucial role in our ability to make choices.Another study conducted by psychologists Loewenstein and Lerner found that individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral. This suggests that emotions can provide valuable information that can aid in decision-making.Furthermore, research has shown that individuals who are able to understand and regulate their emotions have better decision-making skills. This is because emotional intelligence allows individuals to consider both their rational thoughts and emotional responses when making decisions.In conclusion, emotions are not always detrimental to decision-making. They can provide valuable information and aid in the decision-making process. Additionally, individuals who possess emotional intelligence have better decision-making skills overall.4. According to the passage, recent studies have shown that emotions(A) interfere with our reasoning abilities(B) lead to irrational decisions(C) play a crucial role in decision-making(D) have no impact on decision-making5. The study conducted by Antonio Damasio suggests that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain(A) have difficulty making decisions due to a lack of intelligence(B) have no emotional responses to aid in decision-making(C) are more likely to make irrational decisions(D) experience interference from their emotions when making decisions6. According to Loewenstein and Lerner's study, individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process(A) made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral(B) were more likely to make irrational decisions(C) had difficulty making decisions due to a lack of emotional responses(D) had no impact on their decision-making abilities参考答案：4. C5. A6. A根据上述两道真题及其答案，我们可以看到考研英语阅读理解题目通常包括一篇或多篇文章，每篇文章后面配有若干问题，考生需要根据文章内容选择正确的答案。
15篇值得背诵的考研英语阅读真题
（来源：新东方）
9504 "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the Personality is to a large extent inherent — A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our the environment must also have a profound effect, reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic since if competition is important to the parents, it is garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?" One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly The creative approach begins with the proposition competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search classmates or against the clock produces a for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the two-layer system, in which competitive A-types long run and are bound to be more interesting and seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous challenging even if they lead to dead ends. consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the Highly creative individuals really do march to a first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after different drummer. saying: "Rejoice, we conquer!"
考研英语_时文阅读50篇
考研英语_时⽂阅读50篇考拉进阶英语时⽂阅读50篇Passage1Dealing With Spam1:Confidence Game(2010.11.18The Economist)[483words]Bill Gates,then still Microsoft’s boss,was nearly rightin2004when he predicted the end of spam in two years.Thanks to clever filters2unsolicited3e-mail has largelydisappeared as a daily nuisance4for most on the internet.But spam is still a menace5:blocked at the e-mail inbox,spammers post messages as comments on websites and increasingly on social networks like Twitter and Facebook.The criminal businesses behind spam are competitive and creative.They vault over6technical fixes as fast as the hurdles7are erected.The anti-spam industry has done applaudable work in saving e-mail.But it is always one step behind.In the end,the software industry’s interest is in making money from the problem(by selling subscriptions to regular security updates)rather than tackling it at its source.Law-enforcement agencies have had some success shutting down spam-control servers in America and the Netherlands.But as one place becomes unfriendly, spammers move somewhere else.Internet connections in poor and ill-run countries are improving faster than the authorities there can police them.That won’t end soon.In any case,the real problem is not the message,but the link.Sometimes an unwise click leads only to a website that sells counterfeit8pills.But it can also lead to a page that infects your computer with a virus or another piece of malicious software that then steals your passwords or uses your machine for other immoral purposes. Spam was never about e-mail;it was about convincing us to click.To the spammer,it needs to be decided whether the link is e-mailed or liked.The police are doing what they can,and software companies keep on tightening security.But spam is not just a hack9or a crime,it is a social problem,too.If you look beyond the computers that lie between a spammer and his mark,you can see allthe classic techniques of a con-man:buy this stock,before everyone else does.Buy these pills,this watch,cheaper than anyone else can.The spammer plays upon the universal human desire to believe that we are smarter than anyone gives us credit for,and that things can be had for nothing.As in other walks of life,people become wiser and take precautions only when they have learned what happens when they don’t.That is why the spammers’new arena10—social networks—is so effective.A few fiddles might help,such as tougher default privacy settings on social networks.But the real problem is man,not the machine.Public behaviour still treats the internet like a village,in which new faces are welcome and anti-social behaviour a rarity.A better analogy would be a railway station in a big city,where hustlers11gather to prey on the credulity12of new arrivals.Wise behaviour in such places is to walk fast,avoid eye contact and be cautious with strangers.Try that online.1.spam/sp?m/n.垃圾邮件2.filter/?f?lt?/n.过滤器；滤光器；筛选过滤程序3.unsolicited/??ns??l?s?t?d/adj.未经请求的，⾃发的4.nuisance/?nju?s?ns/n.⿇烦事，讨厌的⼈或东西5.menace/?men?s/n.威胁，恐吓；危险⽓氛；烦⼈的⼈或事物6.vault over越过7.hurdle/?h??dl/n.障碍；跨栏，栏8.counterfeit/?ka?nt?f?t/n.伪造，仿造，制假9.hack/h?k/n.砍,劈；供出租的马；出租车司机；⾮法侵⼊（他⼈计算机系统）10.arena/??ri?n?/n.圆形运动场，圆形剧场；竞技舞台，活动场所11.hustler/?h?sl?/n.耍诡计骗钱的⼈12.credulity/kr??du?l?t?/n.轻信Passage2A Gene to Explain Depression（2011.1.3Time）[459words]As powerful as genes are in exposing clues to diseases,not even the most passionate geneticist1believes thatcomplex conditions such as depression can be reduced to atell-tale2string of DNA.But a new study confirms earlier evidence that aparticular gene,involved in ferrying3a brain chemical critical to mood known as serotonin4,may play a role in triggering5the mental disorder in some people.Researchers led by Dr.Srijan Sen,a professor of psychiatry at University of Michigan,report in the Archives6of General Psychiatry that individuals with a particular form of the serotonin transporter gene were more vulnerable to developing depression when faced with stressful life events such as having a serious medical illness or being a victim of childhood abuse.The form of the gene that these individuals inherit prevents the mood-regulating serotonin from being re-absorbed by nerve cells in the brain.Having such a low-functioning version of the transporter starting early in life appears to set these individuals up for developing depression later on,although the exact relationship between this gene,stress,and depression isn’t clear yet.Sen’s results confirm those of a ground-breaking7study in2003,in which scientists for the first time confirmed the link between genes and environment in depression.In that study,which involved more than800subjects,individuals with the gene coding for the less functional serotonin transporter were more likely to develop depression following a stressful life event than those with the more functional form of the gene.But these findings were questioned by a2009analysis in which scientistspooled814studies investigating the relationship between the serotonin transporter gene,depression and stress,and found no heightened risk of depression among those with different versions of the gene.“One of the hopes I have is that we can settle this story,and move on to looking more broadly across the genome9for more factors related to depression,”he says.“Ideally we would like to find a panel of different genetic variations that go together to help us predict who is going to respond poorly to stress,and who might respond well to specific types of treatment as opposed to others.”He believes that the2009findings do not contradict those from2003,or the latest results,but rather reflect a difference in the way the study was conducted.Sen stresses,however,that this gene is only one player in the cast of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to depression.“All things considered,this gene is a relatively small factor,and for this finding to be clinically10useful,we really need to find many,many more factors.Ultimately we may identify new pathways that are involved in depression to come up with new and better treatments.”1.geneticist/dnet?s?st/n.遗传学家2.tell-tale/?tel?te?l/adj.暴露实情的，能说明问题的3.ferry/?fer?/vt.渡运，摆渡4.serotonin/?s??rt??n?n/n.[⽣化]⾎清素，5-羟⾊胺（神经递质，易影响情绪等）5.trigger/?tr?ɡ?/vt.触发，引发；开动，启动6.archive/?ɑ?ka?v/n.档案馆；档案⽂件7.ground-breaking/?gra?nd?bre?k??/adj.开创性的；创新的8.pool/pu?l/vt.合伙经营；集中（智慧等）；共享，分享9.genome/??i?n??m/n.[⽣]基因组；[⽣]染⾊体组10.clinically/?kl?n?kl?/adv.临床地；冷淡地；通过临床诊断Passage3Second Thoughts on Online Education(2010.9New York Times)[415words]Let the computer do the teaching.Some studies,expertopinion and cost pressures all point toward a continuing shiftof education online.A major study last year,funded by the EducationDepartment,which covered comparative research over12years,concluded that online learning on average beat face-to-face teaching by a modest1but statistically meaningful margin2.Bill Gates,whose foundation funds a lot of education programs,predicted last month that in five years much of college education will have gone online.“The self-motivated learner will be on the Web,”Mr.Gates said,speaking at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe.“College needs to be less place-based.”But recent research,published as a National Bureau of Economic Research working paper,comes to a different conclusion.“A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect,”the authors write.The research was a head-to-head experiment,comparing the grades achieved in the same introductory economics class by students—one group online,and one in classroom lectures.Certain groups did notably worse online.Hispanic3students online fell nearly a full grade lower than Hispanic students that took the course in class.Male students did about a half-grade worse online,as did low-achievers,which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university.The difference certainly was not attributable4to machines replacing a tutorial-style human teaching environment.Instead,the classroom was a large lecture hall seating hundreds of students.Initially,David Figlio,an economist at Northwestern University and co-author of the paper,said he had thought that the flexibility5of the Internet—the ability to“go back and roll the tape”—would probably give the online coursework6an edge over traditional“chalk and talk teaching.”The online lectures were well done,using a professional producer and cameraman7.“It had very much the feel of being in the room,”Mr.Figlio said.So what accounts for the difference in outcomes8?Mr.Figlio has a few theories. For the poorer performance of males and lower-achievers,he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and cram9just before the test,a tactic10unlikely to produce the best possible results.It’s partly a stereotype11but also partly true,Mr.Figlio says,that female students tend to be better at timemanagement,spreading their study time over a semester,than males.“And the Internet makes it easier to put off12the unpleasant thing,attending the lecture,”he said.1.modest/?m?d?st/adj.谦虚的,谦恭的；适中的,适度的；些许的2.margin/?mɑ:d??n/n.页边空⽩；边,边缘；差数,差额3.Hispanic/h?s?p?n?k/adj.西班⽛和葡萄⽛的4.attributable/??tr?bj?t?bl/adj.可归因于，可能由于5.flexibility/?fleks??b?l?t?/n.灵活性；柔韧性6.coursework/?k?:sw?:k/n.课程作业7.cameraman/?k?m?r?m?n/n.摄影师8.outcome/?a?tk?m/n.结果9.cram/kr?m/v.挤满，塞满；临时死记硬背10.tactic/?t?kt?k/n.兵法；⽅法,策略；⼿段；招数11.stereotype/?ster??ta?p/n.模式化观念，⽼⼀套，刻板形象12.put off撤销，取消Passage4The Kids Can’t Help It（2010.12.16Newsweek）[372words]What new research reveals about the adolescentbrain—from why kids bully1to how the teen yearsshape the rest of your life.They say you never escape high school.And forbetter or worse,science is lending some credibility tothat old saw.Thanks to sophisticated imaging technology and a raft2of longitudinal3studies,we’re learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subject to a host of environmental and genetic factors.This emerging research sheds4light not only on why teenagers act they way they do,but how the experiences of adolescence—from rejection to binge5 drinking—can affect who we become as adults,how we handle stress,and the way we bond with others.One of the most important discoveries in this area of study,says Dr.Frances Jensen,a neuroscientist at Harvard,is that our brains are not finished maturing by adolescence,as was previously thought.Adolescent brains“are only about80percentof the way to maturity,”she said at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in November.It takes until the mid-20s,and possibly later,for a brain to become fully developed.An excess of gray matter6(the stuff that does the processing)at the beginning of adolescence makes us particularly brilliant at learning—the reason we’re so good at picking up new languages starting in early childhood—but also particularly sensitive to the influences of our environment,both emotional and physical.Our brains’processing centers haven’t been fully linked yet,particularly the parts responsible for helping to check7our impulses8and considering the long-term repercussions9of our actions.“It’s like a brain that’s all revved10up not knowing where it needs to go,”says Jensen.It’s partially because of this developmental timeline that a teen can be so quick to conjure11a stinging remark,or a biting insult,and so uninhibited12in firing it off at the nearest unfortunate target—a former friend,perhaps,or a bewildered parent.The impulse to hurl13an insult14is there,just as it may be for an adult in a stressful situation,but the brain regions that an adult might rely on to stop himself from saying something cruel just haven’t caught up.1.bully/?b?l?/v.恐吓；充当恶霸，恃强凌弱2.raft/rɑ?ft/n.筏；橡⽪艇，充⽓船；⼤量3.longitudinal/?l?ntju?d?nl/adj.纵向的；纵观的；经度的4.shed/?ed/vt.散发出光；去除，摆脱；蜕，落5.binge/b?nd?/n.饮酒作乐；狂饮；狂闹6.gray matter灰质（脑、脊髓内神经元集中的地⽅）7.check/t?ek/v.检查，核验，核对；制⽌，控制8.impulse/??mp?ls/n.冲动；脉冲；刺激，推动⼒9.repercussion/?ri?p??kn/n.（间接的）反响，影响，恶果10.rev/rev/v.（发动机等）加快转速11.conjure/?k?n??/v.变魔术；使变戏法般地出现（或消失）12.uninhibited/??n?n?h?b?t?d/adj.⽆限制的;⽆拘束的,放任的13.hurl/h??l/vt.猛掷，猛扔；⼤声说出14.insult/?n?s?lt/n.侮辱；凌辱；⽆礼Passage5The Power of Posture(2011.1.13The Economist)[486words]“Stand up straight!”“Chest out!”“Shoulders back!”Theseare the perennial1cries of sergeant2majors and fussy3parentsthroughout the ages.Posture certainly matters.Big is dominantand in species after species,humans included,postures thatenhance the posturer’s apparent size cause others to treat him asif he were more powerful.The stand-up-straight brigade4,however,often make a further claim:that posture affects the way the posturer treats himself,as well as how others treat him.To test the truth of this,Li Huang and Adam Galinsky,at Northwestern University in Illinois,have compared posture’s effects onself-esteem with those of a more conventional ego-booster,management responsibility. In a paper just published in Psychological Science they conclude,surprisingly,that posture may matter more.The two researchers’experimental animals—77undergraduate students—first filled out questionnaires5,ostensibly6to assess their leadership capacity.Half were then given feedback forms which indicated that,on the basis of the questionnaires, theywere to be assigned to be managers in a forthcoming7experiment.The other half were told they would besubordinates8.While the participants waited for this feedback, they were asked to help with a marketing test on ergonomic9chairs.In fact,neither of these tests was what it seemed.The questionnaires were irrelevant.V olunteers were assigned to be managers or subordinates at random.The test of posture had nothing to do with ergonomics.And,crucially,each version of the posture test included equal numbers of those who would become“managers”and “subordinates”.Once the posture test was over the participants received their new statuses and the researchers measured theirimplicit10sense of power by asking them to engage in a word-completion task.Participants were instructed to complete a number of fragments11with the first word that came to mind.Seven of the fragments could be interpreted as words related to power(“power”,“direct”,“lead”,“authority”,“control”,“command”and“rich”).Although previous studies suggested a mere title is enough to produce a detectable increase in an individual’s sense of power,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky found no difference in the word-completion scores of those told they would be managers and those told they would be subordinates.Having established the principle,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky went on to test the effect of posture on other power-related decisions:whether to speak first in a debate, whether to leave the site of a plane crash to find help and whether to join a movement to free a prisoner who was wrongfully locked up.In all three cases those who had sat in expansive12postures chose the active option(to speak first,to search for help,to fight for justice)more often than those who had sat crouched13. The upshot14,then,is that father(or the sergeant major)was right.Those who walk around with their heads held high not only get the respect of others,they seem also to respect themselves.1.perennial/p??ren??l/adj.[植]多年⽣的；长久的，持续的2.sergeant/?sɑnt/n.[军]（英）陆军、空军、海军陆战队中⼠；（美）陆军或空军中⼠3.fussy/?f?s?/adj.挑剔的，⼤惊⼩怪的；紧张不安的4.brigade/?br?ɡe?d/n.旅；伙，帮，派5.questionnaire/?kwestn e?/n.问卷；调查表6.ostensibly/?s?tens?bl?/adv.表⾯上；明显地7.forthcoming/?f??θ?k?m??/adj.即将发⽣的；现成的；乐于提供信息的8.subordinate/s??b??d?n?t/n.下级，部属9.ergonomic/ɡn?m?k/adj.⼈类⼯程学的10.implicit/?m?pl?s?t/adj.不⾔明的，含蓄的11.fragment/?fr?ɡm?nt/n.碎⽚，⽚段12.expansive/?ks?p?ns?v/adj.⼴阔的，辽阔的；⼴泛的，全⾯的；友善健谈的，开朗的13.crouch/kraut?/vt.屈膝,蹲伏,蹲,蹲下14.upshot/??p??t/n.最后结果，结局Passage6How Rest Helps Memory:Sleepy Heads(2010.2.25The Economist)[402words]Mad dogs and Englishmen,so the song has it,go out in themidday sun.And the business practices of England’s linealdescendant1,America,will have you in the office from nine in themorning to five in the evening,if not longer.Much of the world,though,prefers to take a siesta2.And research presented to theAAAS meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so.Ithas already been established that those who siesta are less likely todie of heart disease.Now,Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California,Berkeley,have found that they probably have better memory, too.A post-prandial3snooze4,Dr Walker has discovered,sets the brain up for learning.The role of sleep in consolidating5memories that have already been created has been understood for some time.Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place.He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic6memory,which relates to specific events,places and times.This contrasts with procedural memory,of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task,such as driving.The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates7with increased wakefulness,and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning.They asked a group of39people to take part in two learning sessions,one at noon and one at6pm.On each occasion the participants tried to memorise and recall 100combinations of pictures and names.After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group,which remained awake,or a nap group,which had 100minutes of monitored sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning.Those who napped8,by contrast,actually improved their capacity to learn,doing better in the evening than they had at noon.These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.The benefits to memory of a nap,says Dr Walker,are so great that they can equal an entire night’s sleep.Hewarns,however,that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep.Moreover,not everyone awakens refreshed from a siesta.1.lineal descendant直系后裔2.siesta/s??est?/n.午睡，午休3.prandial/?pr?nd??l/adj.膳⾷的，正餐的4.snooze/snu:z/n.⼩睡5.consolidate/k?n?s?l?de?t/vt.使巩固，使加强；合并6.episodic/?ep??s?d?k/adj.偶尔发⽣的，不定期的；有许多⽚段的7.deteriorate/d??t??r??re?t/vi.恶化,退化；变坏8.nap/n?p/vi.⼩睡Passage7Learning Gap Between Rich and Poor Starts Early（2011.2Newsweek）[354words]It’s generally accepted that there is a correlationbetween a child’s educational attainment1and a family’spoverty level,but new research shows that the problemmay take root2earlier than previously thought.A new study in Psychological Science found that at10months old,children from poor families performed just as well as children from wealthier families,but by the time they turned2,children from wealthier families were scoring consistently higher than those from poorer ones.“Poor kids aren’t even doing as well in terms of school readiness,sounding out letters and doing other things that you would expect to be relevant to early learning,”Elliot M.Tucker-Drob of the University of Texas at Austin,lead author of the study, said in a press release.To conduct the study,researchers assessed the mental abilities of about750pairs of fraternal3and identical4twins from all over the U.S.The participants’socioeconomic status was determined based on parents’educational attainment, occupations and family income.Each child was asked to perform tasks that included pulling a string to ring a bell, placing three cubes in a cup,matching pictures and sorting pegs by color first at10 months and again when they were2years old.At this time,researchers discovered that during the14-month window between the aptitude5tests,gaps in cognitive6 development had started to occur.Children from wealthier families had started to consistently outperform those from poorer ones.Researchers attempted to disprove7a genetic explanation by comparing the aptitude tests of each set of twins.Among the2-year-olds from wealthier families, identical twins had much more similar test scores than fraternal twins,who share only half of their genes.However,among2-year-olds from poorer families,identical twins scored no more similar to one another than did fraternal twins.The implication is that children’s genetic potential is subdued8by poverty, though the study stopped short of drawing a scientific conclusion as to what specifically was causing the achievement gaps.Researchers did postulate9that, generally speaking,poorer parents may not have the time or resources to spend playing with their children in stimulating ways.1.attainment/??te?nm?nt/n.达到；成就，造诣2.take root⽣根；开始；建⽴3.fraternal/fr??t??nl/adj.兄弟般的，亲如⼿⾜的4.identical/a??dent?kl/adj.同⼀的，完全相同的5.aptitude/??pt?tju?d/n.天资，天赋6.cognitive/?k?ɡn?t?v/adj.认知的，认识的7.disprove/d?s?pru?v/vt.证明……是错的8.subdue/s?b?dju?/vt.征服；抑制，克制9.postulate/?p?stj?le?t/v.假定，假设Passage8More Than Meets the Mirror：Illusion1Test Links Difficulty Sensing InternalCues2with Distorted3Body-Image(2011.1.4Scientific America)[457words]With all of the New Year’s diet ads claiming you canlose dozens of pounds in seemingly as many days,youprobably are not alone if you looked in the mirror thismorning and saw a less than ideal body.Or maybe you justpicked up a new magazine in which already thin modelshave their remaining flesh scavenged4by Photoshop to make them appear even slimmer.With all of these unrealistic promises and images,it can be hard to gain an accurate sense of one’s own body.But the disjunction5for some people might go deeper than manipulated5photos.A new study shows that the way people perceive their external7appearance is likely linked to how they experience their bodies internally.Researchers found that people who had greater difficulties sensing their own internal bodily states were also more likely to be fooled into believing a rubber hand was part of their own bodies. These results,published online in the issue of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,may one day help scientists understand how body image can become so distorted in disorders like body dysmorphia8and anorexia nervosa9,says lead author Manos Tsakiris of Royal Holloway,University of London.“The sense of self is built up from a representation of internal states,”says Hugo Critchley,a professor of psychiatry at the University of Sussex in England who was not involved with the study.“This paper is showing that sensitivity of individuals to their internal state predicts the strength of their self-representation.”Most of the time,the image someone has of their body is pretty close to its external appearance.You may see your thighs10as slightly bigger than they actually are,or your arm muscles as slightly smaller,but the discrepancy11is usually minimal12.In some mental disorders,however,body image can become dramatically distorted.Those who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder think that parts of their bodies are malformed13or grotesque14,even when these supposed flaws are not noticeable to others.In eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa patients continue to think they need to lose weight even as their bodies waste away.Crucial to the formation of body image—pathological15and otherwise—is the integration of external and internal cues.What we see in the mirror and what we feel against our skin melds with16our own internal awareness of our bodies to create an overarching17body image.Scientists have historically focused on how external factors like magazines and fashion models affect the creation of an accurate body image.Tsakiris and his colleagues,however,hypothesized that a person’s internal awareness of his or her body,known as interoceptive18awareness,was also related to the creation of an accurate body image.1.illusion/??ljun/n.错觉，幻觉；假象2.cue/kju?/n.提⽰；暗⽰,暗号3.distorted/d?s?t??t?d/adj.变形的，扭曲的；歪曲的，曲解的4.scavenge/?sk?v?n?/v.（从废弃物中）觅⾷，捡破烂；吃（动物⼫体）5.disjunction/d?sk??n/n.分离，分裂6.manipulate/m??n?pj?le?t/vt.控制，操纵；操作，使⽤；正⾻7.external/?k?st??nl/adj.外部的，外⾯的；外界的，外来的；对外的8.dysmorphia/d?s?m??f??/n.[医]畸形,变形9.anorexia nervosa神经性厌⾷症10.thigh /θa?/n.股，⼤腿11.discrepancy/d?s?krep?ns?/n.差异，不符合，不⼀致12.minimal/?m?n?m?l/adj.极⼩的，极少的，最⼩的13.malformed/?m?l?f??md/adj.畸形的14.grotesque/ɡrtesk/adj.怪诞的，荒唐的；奇形怪状的15.pathological/?p?θ??lkl/adj.不理智的，⽆道理的；病态的；病理学的16.meld with与……融合；与……合并17.overarching/v?r?ɑ?t/adj.⾮常重要的，⾸要的18.interoceptive /??nt?r?u?sept?v/adj.内感受(器)的Passage9The Tussle1for Talent（2011.1.6The Economist）[432words]Plato believed that men are divided into three classes:gold,silver and bronze.Vilfredo Pareto,an Italianeconomist,argued that“the vital2few”account for mostprogress.Such sentiments are taboo today in public life.Politicians talk of a“leadership class”or“the vital few”attheir peril3.Schools abhor4picking winners.Universities welcome the masses:more people now teach at British ones than attended them in the 1950s.In the private sector5things could hardly be more different.The world’s best companies struggle relentlessly6to find and keep the vital few.They offer them fat pay packets,extra training,powerful mentors7and more challenging assignments.If anything,businesses are becoming more obsessed with ability.This is partly cyclical8.Deloitte and other consultancies have noticed that as the economy begins to recover,companies are trying harder to nurture raw talent,or to poach9it from their rivals.When new opportunities arise,they hope to have the brainpower to seize them.The acceleration of the tussle for talent is also structural, however.Private-equity firms rely heavilyon a few stars.High-tech firms,for all their sartorial10egalitarianism11,are ruthless12about recruiting the brightest.Firms in emerging markets are desperate to find high-flyer13s—the younger the better—who can cope with rapid growth and fast-changing environments.Successful companies make sure that senior managers are involved with“talentdevelopment”.Jack Welch and /doc/2e5e0328482fb4daa58d4b15.html fley,former bosses of GE and P&G,claimed that they spent40%of their time on personnel.Andy Grove,who ran Intel,a chipmaker14,obliged all the senior people,including himself,to spend at least a week a year teaching high-flyers.Nitin Paranjpe,the boss of Hindustan Unilever,recruits people from campuses and regularly visits high-flyers in their offices.Involving the company’s top brass15in the process prevents lower-level managers from monopolising16high-flyers(and taking credit for their triumphs).It also creates a dialogue between established and future leaders.Successful companies also integrate talent development with their broader strategy.This ensures that companies are more than the sum of their parts.Adrian Dillon,a former chief financial officer of Agilent,a firm that makes high-tech measuring devices,says he would rather build a“repertory17company”than a “collection of world experts”.P&G likes its managers to be both innovative and worldly:they cannot rise to the top without running operations in a country and managing a product globally.Agilent and Novartis like to turn specialists into general managers.Goodyear replaced23of its24senior managers in two years as it shifted from selling tyres to carmakers to selling them to motorists.1.tussle/t?sl/n.扭打；争论；争⽃；奋⽃2.vita l/?va?tl/adj.⽣命的；充满活⼒的；⽣死攸关的；极其重要的3.peril/?per?l/n.严重危险；祸害，险情4.abhor/?b?h??/vt.痛恨，憎恶5.sector/?sekt?/n.[数]扇形；两脚规；部分；部门6.relentlessly/r??lentl?sl?/adv.残酷地，⽆情地；不停地，不减弱地7.mentor /?men?t??/n.私⼈教师，辅导教师；良师益友8.cyclical/?sa?kl?kl/adj.周期的，循环的9.poach/p??t?/vt.⽔煮；偷猎；盗⽤，挖⾛（⼈员）10.sartorial/sɑ??t??r??l/adj.服装的，男装的，⾐着的11.egalitarianism/??ɡ?l??te?r??n?z?m/n.平等主义，平均主义12.ruthless/?ru?θl?s/adj.⽆情的，冷酷的;残忍的13.high-flyer/?ha?fla??/n.抱负极⾼的⼈；有野⼼的⼈14.chipmaker/?t??p?me?k?/n.集成块制造者；半导体(元件)制造商15.top brass要员16.monopolise/m??n?p?la?z/vt.垄断，独占；占去（⼤部分时间、精⼒），霸占17.repertory/?rep?tr?/n.保留剧⽬轮演Passage10What Is a Medically Induced Coma1and Why Is It Used?（2011.1.10Scientific America）[497words]Basically what happens with a medically induced。
考研英语经典阅读四篇
考研英语经典阅读四篇————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ考研英语经典阅读四篇PassagｅＯneHowevｅr impｏrｔａnt we ｍay regard schooｌlｉfe to bｅ,tｈere is ｎo denyｉng tｈe fact ｔhaｔchilｄreｎsｐｅnd ｍｏrｅtime at ｈｏｍｅthanｉn ｔhe classrooｍ. Thｅrefｏre, theｇｒeat inｆlｕｅnce ｏｆｐarents cannｏt bｅiｇnored by the teａｃher. They can beｃome stronｇhｅｌp to the school ｐersoｎｎｅl oｒthey can ｃonscｉouｓly or unconsｃiｏuｓly go aｇainst the lｅarｎiｎg ａims.ﻫＡdmｉnistｒatｏrs haｖe been aｗare oｆtｈe ｎeeｄto keep paｒeｎts inforｍed of the newer mｅｔhｏds used in schｏolｓ．Many prｉｎciｐals haｖｅcondｕcted lectures ｅxplａｉning such ｍaｔter as thｅreadinｇreadi ｎesｓpｒｏgram, manｕsｃriｐt wｒｉtiｎg anｄdｅｖelopmeｎtal ｍａthemａtｉｃs.ﻫＭorｅoｖer, ｔhe clａssｒoom ｔｅａcher，wｉｔｈthe permissｉoｎｏf the supeｒviｓors，can alｓo play an impoｒtant r ｏlｅiｎenlightｅning ｐaｒeｎｔｓ. Ｔｈｅｉnformａl tｅa and thｅmａny ｉnteｒvｉews cａrｒied oｎduriｎg tｈe yeaｒ,asｗell as new ways of rｅporting pupil′s progｒess,cａn sｉｇniｆicantly aid in ac ｈievingａharmoniｏus ｉnterpｌay ｂetween school and hｏｍｅ.Tｏilｌｕｓtrate，suppose thatａfather hａs been dｒillｉng Jｕnｉoｒin aｒithｍetic processesｎight ａfteｒnigｈｔ. In a friｅnｄlｙinｔｅｒvｉew, tｈe ｔeacher can ｈelp the pａrenｔｓublｉmａte （转化) hiｓnaturaｌpａｔernａl(父亲的，父权的) intｅreｓt into ｐrodｕctive chａnneｌs. He migｈｔbe ｐｅrsuadｅｄtoｌeｔJunior joｉｎin ｄiｓcｕssiｎg ｔhe fａmｉlｙbudｇet, bｕying tｈe food, uｓing ａｙardstｉckｏｒmｅaｓｕring ｃup ａｔhomｅ,setting thｅcloｃｋ,calcuｌaｔing miｌeage on a tｒiｐaｎｄeｎgaｇｉng in many otｈer actiｖitiｅs thaｔhａve a maｔｈeｍａtｉcａl basiｓ.ﻫＩｆｔｈe ｆather foｌloｗs the advice, it ｉs ｒｅasｏnable to assｕme thａｔｈe will sｏon rｅaｌiｚe hｉs soｎｉs making sａtｉｓｆaｃtｏry prｏgresｓin mathematics，and at thｅｓame time, enｊｏyinｇｔhe ｗork.ﻫTｏo oｆten, hoｗever, tｅａｃhｅrｓ′ coｎfｅrｅnceｓwithｐａｒeｎtｓarｅdevoted to prｅtｔｙａccｏuｎts ｏf ｃhｉldreｎ′s miｓbehavｉorｓ,coｍpｌainｔs aｂoｕｔlaｚineｓs and pｏｏr work ｈａb ｉts, and ｓuggesｔｉon ｆoｒｐunishment and ｒewardｓａｔhomｅ.ﻫWhatｉs neededｉs more creative apｐroａch in whｉcｈｔhe tｅacheｒ, as a prｏｆessｉonａl ａdvisｅr, plantｓideａｓin parentｓ′ ｍinds for the bｅst utiｌｉzaｔioｎof the mａｎｙhours that the cｈiｌd sｐｅnｄｓoｕｔof the ｃlａｓs ｒｏoｍ．ﻫＩn ｔhis way, thｅschoｏl and thｅhome joiｎfｏrces in fｏsteriｎｇｔｈｅfulｌeｓｔｄevelｏｐment of ｙoungｓter s′ capacitieｓ．(3５5）１.The cenｔｒａl idｅa ｅxpresｓｅdｉn tｈe aｂoｖe pasｓage is that[A]ｈoｍｅtrainｉnｇｉs ｍｏre imｐortant thａn school trainiｎg because a child sｐendｓso maｎy hours ｗith hiｓｐareｎts.［B］ｔｅａchers can anｄsｈouldｈelp pareｎｔｓto undeｒstaｎd and ｆurｔherｔhe ａiｍs of thｅsch ｏol.ﻫ［C］there areｍany ways ｉn which the maｔｈematｉcs prｏｇram caｎbｅiｍplemeｎteｄaｔhome.ﻫ[D］parents unconsciously have gｏne agaｉｎst theｔeachｉｎg aims.ﻫ2.The aｕthoｒdirectly ｄiscus ｓｅs the fact thａt［A］pａrents drilｌtheir chｉldrｅn tｏo ｍuch in arithmｅｔｉc.[B] ｐrｉnｃipａls have ｅxplaineｄｔhe new arｔpｒograms to parents.ﻫ［C] a faｔｈer ｃan ｈａvｅhis ｓon helｐｈiｍｃonstruct aｒticles at hｏme.[D] ａpareｎｔ′s ｍisguiｄｅｄefforｔs canｂe properly ｄｉrected．3.Ｉt can ｒeasoｎablｙbe inｆerrｅd thａt ｔｈe aｕthoｒﻫ［A］ｉs ｓaｔisfｉｅd with prｅsent reｌatioｎｓh ｉps ｂeｔｗeeｎｈome ａｎdｓchool．ﻫ[B］ｆeels thａt ｔｈe tradiｔional program in maｔｈeｍａｔics is slｉghtｌy supｅrｉoｒｔｏtｈe deｖelｏpmentａlｐrogｒaｍ．ﻫ［C］fｅels that teacherｐaｒｅnt confｅreｎcｅｃan be mｏｒe prｏｄucｔｉve.[D］is of the oｐinｉon that ｔeachers ｏf this geｎerａｔion ａreｉnｆeｒiorｔｏthoseｏｆｔhe las ｔgｅnerａtion．ﻫ4．The ａｕthor implｉes thaｔﻫ［Ａ] particiｐation in intereｓting ａｃｔivitｉeｓrelatｉｎｇtｏａsubjeｃt iｍproｖｅs one′s achiｅｖement in that aｒｅa.[B］ｔoo many children ａre lazy anｄｈaｖe ｐｏor woｒk haｂits.ﻫ[C] ｓchoｏl prｉnciｐａls dｏmore tｈａn theｉｒshare in interprｅｔing tｈe curriｃulum to tｈｅｐａrenｔs．［D] tｅacｈｅrsｓhｏuld occａｓionａlly ｍａke home visiｔs to parenｔs.ﻫ5．Ｗｅmａy inｆｅr that ｔｈe writｅr of thｅａrticle does favor[A]a faｔｈer′s heｌping his son witｈｔhe laｔter′s sｔudiｅs.［B] writteｎｃomｍuniｃations to tｈｅpａrenｔs fｒoｍｔhe teaｃher.[Ｃ] haｖｉｎg the parｅntsｏbｓerve lessｏns ｗhiｃh ｔｈe cｈiｌdren ａre beinｇｔaught.[Ｄ]princｉpａlｐａrentｃｏnｆerences rather thａn teaｃher parenｔcｏnｆｅrencｅs.ﻫPassage TwｏThｅimｐortanceａnd ｆocus oｎｔhe interview in the wｏｒｋof tｈe pｒint ａnd ｂroａdｃａsｔjou ｒnａlｉｓｔis refｌected iｎseveral ｂooks thａt ｈaｖｅｂeｅn wｒittｅｎｏnｔhe topic. Moｓt oｆthesｅｂooｋs, ａs welｌas ｓevｅral cｈaptｅrs，mainly iｎ, but not liｍiｔeｄto，jouｒnalisｍａｎd bｒoadcａsting handbookｓand reporting textｓ，stresｓtｈｅ“how tｏ”aspecｔs of jｏurnalistic inteｒv ｉewing rａｔher than tｈe ｃoncepｔual aspects ｏｆｔhｅinteｒview, its coｎtexｔand ｉmｐｌicatiｏｎs. Muchｏf ｔhe “ｈoｗto” mａｔeriaｌis baｓed on peｒsonaｌexｐeｒiｅnｃes and ｇeneral ｉmpresｓioｎs.Asｗe knｏw, in journａlism as in otｈｅr fｉeｌds,ｍucｈcan be leaｒneｄfrom tｈｅsysｔeｍatiｃsｔuｄy oｆpｒofeｓsioｎａｌprａｃｔice．Ｓuch stｕdｙbriｎgsｔogeｔhｅr ｅvｉdencｅfroｍwhｉch brｏaｄｇeｎeraliｚeｄpｒincipleｓcaｎbe ｄeｖeloped.Theｒe is，as hａs bｅｅn sｕgｇeｓteｄ，a ｇｒｏｗｉng bｏdy oｆreｓearch lｉteｒatuｒe in ｊo ｕrｎalism and broａｄｃasting,ｂuｔvery littｌeｓiｇniｆicant aｔtｅｎtｉoｎhas been ｄevoted to the ｓtudｙof thｅinterview ｉtｓelｆ.On the otｈｅｒhanｄ,manｙgeneral textｓａｓｗell aｓn ｕmerｏus research articleｓｏn intｅrvｉewinｇin fiｅlds ｏther tｈan jｏｕrｎalｉsm have been wｒｉtｔｅn.Ｍanｙof these bｏoks and articles preｓenｔthe theoreｔical aｎｄemｐirical aspects of ｔhe ｉnteｒｖiew asｗeｌl as the trainｉng oｆthe inｔervieweｒs. Ｕnｈapｐily, this plenｔｉfuｌgeneral ｌiteｒatuｒｅａboutｉｎｔeｒviｅｗing pａys lｉttlｅatｔｅntioｎｔo the journａlisｔic iｎtｅrview. The ｆact thatｔｈe ｇｅｎerａl lｉteｒaturｅoｎｉｎtervｉeｗｉnｇdoes noｔdｅal wiｔh tｈe jouｒｎａlisｔic ｉnterview ｓｅｅmｓｔo bｅｓurpｒising fｏr twｏreaｓoｎs. Fiｒst，iｔsｅeｍs lｉkｅly that mｏst peoｐlｅｉn ｍodern Weｓｔｅrn societies arｅmｏrｅｆaｍｉliａr, atｌeａst iｎａpositivｅmａnner, ｗｉtｈｊｏurｎaｌistic interｖiewing than ｗith ａny other ｆｏrｍｏf ｉnterｖiｅwiｎg. Mｏsｔof us are prｏbａblｙsoｍeｗhat famiｌiａr with ｔhｅcｌiｎｉcal ｉｎterｖiｅw, such aｓthat coｎductｅd by phy ｓiciaｎs and pｓyｃhoｌogiｓts.In theｓｅｓitｕａtiｏnｓtｈe professｉoｎal pｅrsoｎｏr intｅｒviewer ｉｓintｅrestｅｄin gｅtting inforｍation necessarｙfoｒｔhe diagnosiｓ（诊断)and tｒｅaｔｍent ｏf ｔhe pｅrｓｏｎｓｅekinｇｈelp. Anotｈer famｉｌiａr ｓitｕａtion ｉs tｈｅｊoｂinterｖieｗ.Hoｗｅｖer，veｒy few ofｕs have actualｌy ｂeｅn iｎteｒviｅwed peｒsonalｌy bｙthe mａsｓmedｉａ,ｐar ｔicｕlarｌy by telｅvｉｓion. And ｙet, we have ａvivｉd ａcqｕaintaｎce witｈｔhe jourｎaｌistｉc ｉn ｔeｒｖieｗby ｖirtｕｅof oｕr rｏlｅs asｒeaｄeｒs，liｓｔeners,anｄｖiewｅrｓ. Even ｓo，ｔrue undｅrｓtaｎding oｆtｈe journalistic inteｒview, ｅｓpｅciallyｔeｌｅvｉsｉｏn iｎｔervｉews，reｑｕi ｒeｓtｈougｈｔful aｎａｌysｉsａnｄevｅn stｕdy, as tｈis book indicates．(3７１）６.Tｈe ｍaｉｎideａoｆｔｈe ｆｉrst parａgraｐh is that［A] gｅneｒａlizeｄprincｉples for ｊournalistic interｖｉeｗs aｒe thｅchief concern fｏr wｒiters oｎjourn ａlｉsｍ.ﻫ[B］ｉmportancｅshouｌd ｂe aｔｔached to the syｓtｅmatiｃsｔudyｏｆjournalisｔｉcｉｎｔeｒviewiｎg.ﻫ［Ｃ]cｏncepts andｃontｅxtｕal iｍｐlｉcationｓaｒeｏｆｓecoｎdaｒy impoｒtaｎce to ｊouｒnaliｓtic ｉntｅrviｅwing.［Ｄ］peｒsonａl experｉｅnces anｄgeneral impｒｅssｉonｓshｏuｌd ｂe ｅｘcｌｕｄeｄfrom ｊｏurnalistic interｖiｅws.７.Mｕｃh ｒｅseaｒch hａs ｂeeｎdone on inｔeｒviews in genｅral[A] so ｔhｅtraining ｏｆｊoｕｒｎaliｓtic interviewｅrsｈas likewｉsｅｂeｅn strｅnｇｔhened.[B] though tｈｅstudy oｆｔhe ｉnｔerviewｉnｇtechniｑues haｓｎ′t rｅcｅiｖｅd much ａｔｔention.ﻫ［C] but ｊｏurｎaｌisｔiｃintｅrｖiｅｗiｎg as a sｐecific fｉeld hａs uｎfｏｒtｕnａtely beeｎｎeｇlected. [D] and there hａs ａlso ｂeeｎa dramatiｃgｒowthｉn theｓｔｕdy ｏf jｏurnaliｓｔｉc ｉnｔｅｒｖiewｉnｇ．8．Ｗesｔerｎers are famiｌiaｒwitｈthe journalisｔic inteｒviewﻫ[A]ｂuｔmost of ｔhｅｍwish tｏｓｔay away from it.ﻫ[B］ａnd many oｆtheｍhope tｏbe interviｅwed sｏmｅｄaｙ．[Ｃ］andｍany of ｔheｍｗｏuld like to acqｕirｅa trｕe ｕnderstaｎdiｎg of ｉt.ﻫ[D］buｔmost of theｍｍay not ｈａｖe bｅen ｉｎtｅrvieｗed iｎpｅrsoｎ.ﻫ9.Whｏｉs thｅiｎｔｅrｖieweｅin ａclinicａl inｔｅｒｖｉew?10.The p[A]The patiｅnt．［B] The phｙsｉcｉan.ﻫ[C］The Ｊournａlisｔ. ［D] The psｙcｈｏlogｉst．ﻫａssａge iｓmｏｓｔlikｅｌy a part ｏf.[A] a news artｉcle ［Ｂ] a ｒeｓeaｒch reｐｏrt［C］aｊouｒnaｌｉstiｃintervieｗ[Ｄ］a ｐｒefacePａssaｇｅTｈreeﻫSince 1975advｏcａｔｅｓof humane ｔreatmeｎt ｏf ａｎｉmａｌｓｈａve broa ｄeｎed ｔheir ｇoaｌｓto oppoｓe theｕse of aniｍals for fur，leａｔhｅr, ｗool, ａnd ｆoｏｄ. Tｈey hav ｅmountｅd protests aｇａiｎst aｌl fｏｒmｓｏf hunting and the ｔrappiｎｇof ａｎｉmaｌsｉn ｔhe ｗilｄ. And they have jｏｉｎｅd enviroｎmｅntalisｔｓｉnｕrgｉng prｏｔectiｏn of ｎaturａlｈａbitaｔs ｆroｍｃommeｒｃiaｌor ｒeｓｉdenｔｉal dｅｖelｏpmeｎt. Tｈe occasion for these aｄded ｅmphases ｗa ｓthｅpｕblｉcatioｎin 1975 oｆ“Ａｎimal Liberatiｏn: AＮｅw Ethics fｏr Our Treatment of Animalｓ”ｂy PeｔｅｒSiｎｇeｒ,ｆormeｒly a prｏfeｓsoｒof phiｌosophy at Oxｆord Unｉｖｅrsｉty iｎEnｇland.This ｂｏok gａvｅa new ｉmpetus to tｈe anｉmal righｔｓmoveｍeｎｔ．The poｓｔ19７5 aｎimａl rights actiｖiｓts are faｒmoｒe vocalｔhａn theｉr predecessorｓ，and the oｒｇａniｚaｔioｎs ｔo ｗhｉch thｅy ｂelｏng are gｅnｅrally ｍore radiｃal. Many new ｏrgaｎizations are foｒｍed．Tｈｅｔaｃtｉcs ｏf tｈe activｉsts are desigｎed to catcｈthe attｅｎｔｉoｎof tｈｅｐubｌic．Siｎce theｍｉd-1980ｓtｈeｒe ｈave been frequent neｗs ｒeportｓaboｕt aniｍａl rigｈt ｏrg ａnizａtｉonｓｐickｅting stｏrｅs that sell fｕｒs，hａrassingｈunters in thｅwｉld，oｒbreaｋin ｇinto lａboratoriｅs ｔｏfree ａnimals. Someｏf thｅmore exｔｒeme orgａnｉzatioｎｓaｄvｏcate t ｈeｕse of asｓaｕlt,aｒｍｅｄteｒrｏriｓm, ａnｄdeath thｒeａts to mａke theｉr point.ﻫAｓｉｄeｆrom ｍakingｉsｏlａted attacks on ｐeｏple whｏwｅaｒfurｃｏats or tｒying to prevent ｈｕnters fｒｏｍkilｌｉng anｉmａlｓ，mｏst of the orgａnｉzaｔiｏns havｅｄirｅcted tｈｅｉr taｃｔicsａｔinstitutionｓ. The ｒｅsulｔs of ｔhe prｏtｅsｔs andｏｔhｅｒｔacｔｉｃs ｈａve been mｉxed．Comｐaｎiｅs are rｅdｕcing relｉanｃe on animal testiｎg. Ｍedｉcaｌreseａｒｃｈhａs been sｏmｅｗｈat ｃurtailｅd ｂｙlegaｌｒｅｓｔriｃtionｓandｔhｅrelｕｃtaｎｃe oｆｙｏｕｎger workersｔo uｓe anｉｍaｌｓiｎreｓearch.Neｗtｅｓts hａveｂeen deveｌoｐed toｒepｌaｃｅthe ｕse of aniｍals.Someｗell kｎown designers hａｖe stopped ｕsiｎg fur．Ｗhｉｌe the general public teｎｄｓｔo agrｅe tｈat anｉｍａｌs ｓhｏulｄbe treated ｈumaneｌy, mosｔpeｏpleａｒｅuｎliｋely to ｇive up ｅatｉngｍeatｏr weaｒing gｏodｓmade from lｅaｔhｅr and wｏｏｌ. Giviｎg up geｎuiｎe fur has become ｌesｓof a pｒｏbｌｅｍ, sincｅfibｅｒs used to mａke fake ｆur sｕcｈaｓthe Ｊａpanｅse invｅntｉon Kanecaｒoｎcaｎlooｋａlmost idｅntiｃal tｏreaｌfur.Soｍe oｆthｅstｒongest oｐposｉtｉｏｎto thｅanimａl ｒｉgｈtｓmovｅｍent ｈas come frｏｍhuｎters ａｎd tｈeir orgａnizａtｉoｎs. Bｕt aniｍal rights ａｃtivistｓhave succｅeｄeｄiｎｍarshalｉng puｂlic opiniｏｎto pｒess for statｅrｅｓtrｉctions ｏｎｈｕntｉng ｉn severalｐaｒtｓof the natｉon.（3８3)ﻫ11.19７5was aｎimporｔant yeaｒin the hｉstｏry oｆanｉmalｔrｅaｔmｅnt becａｕseﻫ［A］ｍａnｙpｅopleｂｅgan to call for humane treatmeｎｔof aｎiｍals ｔhａt yｅaｒ.ﻫ[B] a ｎeｗｂooｋｗaｓpｕbliｓｈed that broaｄened tｈe animal rｉghｔs ｍｏvｅmｅnt.[C］the enviｒonmeｎtaｌisｔs ｂeganｔo ｓｈow interest in aｎimal proｔecｔｉon.12.Soｍe ａniｍａl rｉ［D］the ｔｒappiｎｇｏf aｎimalｓbegaｎto go wilｄall thrｏuｇhｔhe world.ﻫghts ｏrgaｎiｚａtｉonｓaｄvocate ｔhe use of ｅｘtreme mｅａns in ｏrdｅr to［A]wｉpｅoｕtｃruel people.［B] stop ｕsinｇａniｍals iｎthe ｌａｂorａｔｏry.ﻫ[C]atｔacｋhｕnters in the ｗild．ﻫ［D]catｃh fｕll ｐuｂlic ａttｅｎtioｎ.13．Wheｎｔhe ａuthoｒｓays that “tｈe ｒｅsｕltｓｏf tｈe pｒoｔｅｓts aｎd oｔher tactｉcs hａve ｂeen ｍｉxed” (in Ｐａra.3)，ｈe meaｎs the prｏtesｔand ｏtheｒtａｃｔicｓ［A]haｖe pｒｏｄuceｄdesired eｆfects.ﻫ[B］aｌmｏst amouｎtｅd ｔo nothinｇ.ﻫ［C] haｖe some iｎflueｎce ｏn thｅpubliｃ.［Ｄ] have proved tｏbe too rａdｉcal.ﻫ1４.The word “marｓhaliｎg” （ｉｎthe laｓt ｐａｒａｇrａph) probably ｍeａnｓ.［A] ｃoｎducｔing ［B]popuｌariziｎｇ[C]ｃｈａngｉｎg ［D］outrａgingﻫ１5．It seｅｍｓtｈat ｔhｅaｕtｈor oｆthis arｔｉcｌｅﻫ[A］ｉs ｓtroｎgly opposed to ｔｈe animal rｉｇｈｔs mｏvｅｍeｎｔ.ﻫ[Ｂ]is iｎfavor of the anｉｍaｌrightｓmｏvement.ﻫ［C］ｓupｐｏrtｓthe use of viｏlｅncｅin ａnimal ｐｒｏtｅction.ﻫ[D] ｈａtes thｅusｅof fa ｋｅfur for cｌotｈes.Paｓsａｇe ＦｏｕrﻫIｆsoｍething yｏu ｈave boｕght iｓfauｌty or ｄｏeｓｎoｔdo wｈat waｓclａimed foｒiｔ，you a ｒe not asｋing for a faｖor tｏｇeｔｉｔput right．It ｉs the shopkeeper′s rｅspｏnsｉbｉｌity to take the coｍｐlaint seriously aｎd tｏｒeｐlace oｒrepair a faultｙarticｌe because ｈｅis the persoｎwiｔh wh ｏｍｙou hａvｅeｎｔｅred into an aｇrｅｅment.Ｃomｐlaｉntｓshｏuｌd ｂe ｍaｄe to a responsible person.Ｇo back to ｔhe sｈｏp where yoｕｂougｈt thｅgｏods，taking with yｏu any receｉpｔyou ｍaｙｈave. If yｏu telｅｐhone, ａsｋthe name of tｈe person who handles your inquiry, otｈerwｉｓe,you may never fｉnd oｕt who dealt wｉth the complａi ｎt ｌater．Eｖen ｔhe bravesｔpｅrsｏｎfｉnds it diｆficulｔtｏsｔａnｄｕp in a groｕｐof peoｐleｔo co ｍplaｉｎ, so iｆｙou dｏnｏt ｗant ｔo do ｉt in peｒsoｎ,ｗrite ａletteｒ. Stiｃk tｏthｅfａctｓa ｎdｋeep a ｃｏpy ｏｆwhaｔyou wrｉte.Ａt this ｓtage you ｓｈｏuld gｉve any receiptｎumber, but yｏu shouｌd not need tｏgiｖe ｒeceiptｓor ｏｔher paｐers tｏprｏｖe yoｕbouｇht thｅarｔicle．If you are not satisfied wｉｔｈthｅａnsｗer you get, ｏr iｆyou ｄｏｎot gｅｔａrｅply, ｗrite to thｅmanaginｇdirectｏｒ(总经理) oｆtｈe shｏp. Ｂe sure tｏkeep copies of yoｕr own lｅtteｒs and anｙｙou ｒeceive.If your complａinｔisａjust oｎe, the shopkｅeｐｅｒmaｙoｆfｅr to replａce oｒrｅｐair ｔhe ｆaulｔy aｒticle．Ｙou mａy fｉnd thiｓａｎattｒacｔiｖe ｓolｕtion．In ｃertain ｃａｓes yｏu mａy hａve ｔhe righｔｔo rｅfuse thｅｇoods anｄask for yｏuｒｍｏnｅｙｂack, ｂut this ｉｓｏnｌy wh ｅrｅyoｕｈavｅhardly usｅd the gｏods anｄhavｅacted at oｎce.Eveｎwhen youｃａnｎｏt rｅｆuse the gooｄs you may be aｂle to get sｏme ｍoney baｃkａｓｗｅll．Ａnd iｆｙou have ｓｕffere ｄsome ｓpeciaｌlｏｓs，ｆor ｅｘamplｅiｆa new wａsｈing mａchｉne tｅaｒs your clothes, you mig ｈt recｅiｖe money to ｒeｐlace them.If the ｓｈｏｐｋeepｅｒrefuses to gｉｖｅyou money，ask f ｏr ａdvice froｍｙour Citｉzens ＡdvicｅBurｅau befｏｒe you acｃｅｐｔa crediｔnoｔe to be ｕsed tｏbuy goｏdｓin the same shops. In some ｃaseｓtｈｅshopkeeper does not ｈａvｅｔo ｇiveyou ｙｏur moneyｂack.Iｆ, ｆoｒｅxaｍpｌｅ，he cｈａｎges ａn arｔｉｃlｅsimply becａuse you don′t ｌｉｋe it or it doeｓnoｔfit. He dｏeｓnｏt have ｔｏtake baｃk the gｏｏds ｉｎthｅse ciｒcumst ａｎces．(398)16．Tｈe shoｐper may mａke a cｏmｐlaint becausｅ[A] he dｉｓlikｅs causing ａfuｓs.ﻫ［Ｂ］itｄoesn′t dｏwhaｔis claimeｄfor it．［C］theａrｔｉcle boｕght ｉs not uｐto standａrｄ.17.Ｗｈen ｃｏmplａining onｔｈe tｅlephｏneﻫ［D］ｈｅwasａt fａuｌｔin buyiｎｇｔhe article.ﻫ［A］you ｓhould speak dｉrect to the oｗner.ﻫ[B］yoｕmｕst aｓk for ｔｈe manager.ﻫ［Ｃ]yoｕｍａｙneveｒfindｏuｔｗho dealt with ｔhe matter.ﻫ[Ｄ]yｏu shｏｕld find out wｉth ｗhoｍyou discusｓthe matter.1８.Ｙoｕcan demanｄｙｏｕr moｎey baｃｋｏnly if[Ａ] ｔｈe ａrｔiｃle canｎｏt ｂｅrｅplaced ｏｒrｅpaiｒeｄ.［Ｂ］you haｖe gone back immeｄiately．［Ｃ] ｔheａrｔicle ｈas nｏt gｏne up in priｃe ｓｉnce you bouｇｈt ｉt.ﻫ［Ｄ] the ａrticlｅhａs had h19.Ｉf a shoｐkｅeｐｅr wｉｌｌｎoｔgive ｙou money ｙｏu sｈouldﻫ[A］tａkｅa cｒａrd weaｒ.ﻫｅdit note insｔｅad．[B］refuse tｏleａvｅｔhe shｏp．20.The shｏｐkeeｐｅr ｍ[C] ａｓｋyｏur ｏｆficｅfor adｖice.[D]ｆｉnd ouｔyour lawfｕl rｉghts.ﻫａy chａnge ａn article ifﻫ［A］ｈe ｇiｖｅs you ｙouｒmonｅy back.［Ｂ] ｈe ｔhinkｓiｔis u ｎsuitable.［Ｃ］it is the wroｎｇｓize. [D] ｈｅdoeｓn′ｔlikｅｉt.Passａge Onｅﻫ(一）注释ﻫ1．maｎｕｓcrｉpt n.手稿,原稿ﻫ2.enliｇhten vt.启发, 启蒙，教导，授予...知识，开导ﻫ3. iｌl ｕstrate vt.举例说明，图解, 加插图于, 阐明ｖｉ．举例ﻫ(二)长难句结构分析1.{Ｉf the faｔhｅrｆｏllows the advice}，ｉt ｉs rｅaｓonablｅto asｓumeｔhａt ［hｅwilｌsoｏn realiｚe his son iｓ①mａking satiｓｆaｃｔory ｐrogresｓin mathemａtｉcs, and at thｅsaｍｅtｉｍe,②eｎjｏyiｎg the woｒｋ.]整个句子是状语从句,主句的it是形式主语,主语是由非谓语动词引导的一个宾语从句。
考研英语真题阅读理解精选
考研英语真题阅读理解精选看上去简单的考研阅读理解试题比四、六级阅读理解难就难在:它不仅要求考生能读懂文章字面的意思,还要求考生能够准确地理解文字背后的潜台词。
下面就是给大家整理的考研英语真题阅读理解精选，希望对你有用!考研英语阅读原文For years, studies have found that first-generation college students;those who do not have a parent with a college degree;lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first;generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree.Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis;that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact;was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close theachievement gap.Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the 'rules of the game,' and take advantage of college resources," they write.And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students."Because U.S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students 'like them' can improve."考研英语阅读翻译“第一代大学生”是指那些父母没有大学学位的大学生，多年以来，很多研究发现他们在一系列的教育成就方面落后于其他的学生。
考研英语试题精解及答案
考研英语试题精解及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 作者支持全球化。
B. 作者认为全球化对环境有害。
C. 作者认为全球化对经济有益。
D. 作者反对全球化。
答案：C2. 文章中提到的“可持续发展”是指什么？A. 经济增长不牺牲环境。
B. 经济增长以牺牲环境为代价。
C. 只关注经济增长，不考虑其他因素。
D. 只关注环境保护，不考虑经济增长。
答案：A3. 根据文章，以下哪个选项是错误的？A. 发展中国家需要全球化来促进经济增长。
B. 发达国家在全球化中扮演着重要角色。
C. 作者认为全球化是不可逆的趋势。
D. 作者认为全球化是有害的。
答案：D4. 文章中提到的“绿色经济”是什么意思？A. 一种以牺牲环境为代价的经济模式。
B. 一种注重环境保护的经济模式。
C. 一种只关注经济发展的经济模式。
D. 一种不关心经济和环境的经济模式。
答案：B5. 文章中提到的“碳足迹”是指什么？A. 个人或组织对环境的污染程度。
B. 个人或组织对经济的贡献。
C. 个人或组织的社会影响力。
D. 个人或组织的政治影响力。
答案：A二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has become increasingly popular. A smart city is one that uses technology to improve the quality of life for its residents. For example, a smart city might use sensors to monitortraffic flow and __6__ congestion.6. A. reduceB. increaseC. avoidD. ignore答案：A7. These sensors can also be used to monitor air quality and__7__ any potential health hazards.7. A. identifyB. createC. ignoreD. exaggerate答案：A8. In addition to improving transportation and environmental conditions, smart cities can also __8__ energy use.8. A. increaseB. decreaseC. stabilizeD. fluctuate答案：B9. By using smart grids and energy-efficient buildings, a smart city can __9__ a significant amount of energy.9. A. consumeB. conserveC. wasteD. transfer答案：B10. The ultimate goal of a smart city is to create a more__10__ and sustainable living environment for its citizens.10. A. comfortableB. expensiveC. inconvenientD. unsustainable答案：A三、翻译（共20分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇_Unit
新东方出版的考研英语阅读理解精读100篇共有25个单元，本文档包含第一个单元，更多英语考研信息请点击UNIT ONETEXT ONETesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers £270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least £80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury’s and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fixprices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be £11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers For Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations”in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.Sainsbury’s admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay £26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that _____[A] Tesco is the most resolute among all the retailers to defend its reputation.[B] it is already proved that Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy price. [C] Tesco is offered a leniency deal of £80 million because of its quick response to the anti-competitive behaviors[D] Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandal.2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?[A] Retail chains.[B] Farmers.[C] Dairy companies.[D] Politicians3. The word “defiant”(Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.[A] resisiting[B] angry[C] deficient[D] confident4. We may infer from Morrisons’statement that _____ [A] Morrisons turn out to be the most defentive when dealing with OFT.[B] Morrisons is reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway business. [C] industry insiders suggest that Morrisons was trying to delay the OFT investigation with non-cooperation.[D] Morrisons indeed refuses to admit its involvement in the scandal.5. The writer’s attitude to Tesco can be said to be _____[A] biased.[B] objective.[C] sympathetic.[D] optimistic.篇章剖析：本文介绍了目前奶制品公司因内部设定价格而面临受到的调查和处罚的状况。
考研英语阅读及翻译(精品)
考研英语阅读（1）To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话，“被误导的运动要想成功，所需的只是好人不作为。
考研英语历年阅读真题及答案
考研英语历年阅读真题及答案考研英语阅读部分是考研考试中的重要组成部分，它旨在考查考生的英语阅读能力和理解能力。
在备考阶段，了解历年真题及其答案是非常重要的，它不仅可以帮助考生熟悉考试内容和出题方式，还可以帮助考生提高答题技巧和解题速度。
下面将为大家整理一些历年考研英语阅读真题及答案，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
【真题一】文本：（节选自2019年考研英语一真题）Protein is just one of many toxic substances that animals evolved to eat. In fact, some of the hardest foods to eat are some of the most nourishing and could be the most important ones in our diet. More than one billion people, mostly in the tropics, rely on cassava, a starchy root that has to be processed correctly to remove cyanide, which is present in its flesh. A root with the wrong texture or taste contains enough poison to cause a debilitating condition called konzo. To their cost, thousands of the very people most dependent on cassava can afford neither pots to cook it in nor firewood.1. According to the passage, konzo is caused byA) overconsumption of cassavaB) insufficient nutrients in the dietC) improper processing of cassavaD) lack of firewood for cooking答案：C) improper processing of cassava【真题二】文本：（节选自2018年考研英语一真题）Certainly, there is no shortage of individual exceptions to the rule, but on the whole, a rising tide of academic research over the last 30 years reports an significant increase in the diversity and complexity of the tasks that people now accomplish in the workplace. Routine analytic tasks requiring repetitive, rule-based work have declined substantially in employment overall.2. According to the passage, what has happened to the number of routine analytic tasks in the workplace?A) They have stayed the same.B) They have increased significantly.C) They have decreased substantially.D) They have become more complex.答案：C) They have decreased substantially.【真题三】文本：（节选自2017年考研英语二真题）Some people’s biometrics change with age, and these systems may ha ve difficulty identifying them over time. For example, studies have shown that facial recognition algorithms are not as accurate at identifying older adults.A study in 2010 found that error rates escalated between the ages of 45 and64.3. According to the passage, what is one limitation of facial recognition algorithms?A) They are inaccurate for older adults.B) They cannot distinguish biometric changes.C) They do not work on people under 45.D) They are not commonly used in studies.答案：A) They are inaccurate for older adults.【真题四】文本：（节选自2016年考研英语二真题）A new study suggests that humans are more prone to overeat in the evening due to the higher calorie content and larger portion sizes typically consumed. The study also found that perceived hunger levels, following a standardized meal, were lower in the morning than in the evening prior to eating the same meal.4. According to the passage, why are humans more likely to overeat in the evening?A) The portion sizes are larger.B) The hunger levels are higher.C) The calorie content is higher.D) The study did not explain the reason.答案：C) The calorie content is higher.以上是几道历年考研英语阅读真题及答案的节选，希望能够帮助考生们更好地备考考研英语阅读部分。
考研英语必备阅读13篇真题
考研英语必备阅读13篇真题2002 text351. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ___B____.[A] global inflation[B] reduction in supply[C] fast growth in economy[D] Iraq's suspension of exports考察具体句子含义，根据题干关键词找到第1段第2句，干扰项一般在本段或附近可以找到依据，或原文没有提及52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ___D____.[A] price of crude rises[B] commodity prices rise[C] consumption rises[D] oil taxes rise同第1题，找到第3段第3句53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ___D____.[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP同第1题，找到第4段第5句54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ___B____.（错）[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry考察对文章的理解，主要看最后一段，干扰项在全文均可能出现。
考研英语阅读(15篇)
考研英语阅读(15篇)考研英语阅读(15篇)考研英语阅读1考研英语的复习过程中，单纯的背单词和看书是远远不够的，真题的重要性不言而喻，英语一83分学姐手把手教你做真题。
单词两个月内最好看完，每天背单词的时候也看看长难句，一天看几句就好，然后单词背完就要直接上手真题了，真题从97年到16年的就好了，买的是张剑版的黄皮书，分为基础版（97到04），珍藏版（05到12），精华版（13到16），貌似是这几个版本，到网上搜，反正97到16年的试题全买过来……反复做，我做了7，8遍吧，网上也有很多英语高分的经验，你可以搜搜综合下，大部分都在说做真题的经验，真题做透就够了…下面说说真题阅读的做法…第一遍：第一遍，从97年做到11年（剩下的5套卷子考试前2个月再做），因为真题要反复做，所以前几遍都是把自己的答案写在一张A4纸上，第一遍也就是让自己熟悉下真题的感觉，虐虐自己知道英语真题的大概难度，只做阅读理解，新题型完形填空啥的也不要忙着做，做完看看答案，错了几个在草稿纸上记下来就好了，也不需要研究哪里错了为什么会错…第一遍很快吧因为不需要仔细研究，97到11年，14份的试卷，一天一份的话，半个月能做完吧，偷个懒一个月肯定能做完吧（第一遍作用就是练练手找到以前做题的感觉，千万不要记答案，分析答案…）第二遍：第二遍是重点…你回头再从97年做起会发现答案是记不住的，还会错很多，甚至错的还不一样，以前对的现在错了，上次错的现在对了，正常。
第二遍一份卷子大概要4，5天才能完成吧，比如第一天你做完了，第二天从第一篇文章开始从头看，不会的单词全部记下来到自己的单词本子上，最好是专门记真题单词的本子，包括题目，选项里面不会的单词，虽然黄皮书上有解释，但大都不全，甚至给的不是句子里的意思，这个工程还是挺大的，一天两篇就可以了…这一遍也不需要研究句子和答案啥的，只不过记单词中除了自己买的单词大本，还要加入真题单词的记忆了，考研不止，单词不息，单词反复背……第二遍就40天来天能完成吧，最多也就两个月（时间都是宽裕的，能提前完成点最好）…第三遍：第三遍自然是分析句子了，这时候以前看的长难句和单词就用到了，做完以后一个句子一个句子的看（当然包括题目和选项），分析下句子看看自己能不能看懂，看不懂的就要好好分析了，写在本子上也可以，我当时是直接看的，用铅笔画画句子成分啥的，如果单词记得够好的话，这一遍应该也会很快吧，1个多月左右……第四遍：前三遍已经用了4个月左右了，后面就要快一点了，第四遍才是最痛苦的，通篇翻译，写在纸上很潦草都没关系，很偷懒的话就在心里翻译下再看看译文吧…我只坚持了一半，从97年翻译到了04年好像，其他的就是刷一遍真题，在心里扫一扫有没有翻译太不通的句子，有没有忘掉的单词啥的…这一遍挺痛苦的，也不要全部都翻译吧，能翻译6，7套试卷知道感觉就好了，不过好处还挺多的，这部分做的好，英语的翻译部分就会简单很多，这部分看你个人时间，时间剩下还多可以多翻译几套试卷。
考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析
考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析Unit1Part ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B，C or D。
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。
（40 points）T ext 1It's plain common sense？ D the more happiness you feel，the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense，but it's not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion。
They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person's level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa。
But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two。
The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example，that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won't make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, res earchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling ？D happiness is a sense of subjective well—being。
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那些有纪念意义的考研英语真题之一
The Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science（科学发展可信性的改变）
---2012.Text 3 In The idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interests influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.
Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual research’s me, here, now become the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discovery receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. With the complex social structure of the
scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public(including the scientists)receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credit discovery.
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little rewarded accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel
discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.
In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”
---------chosen from ‘The Scientist’。