希腊罗马诸神关系谱
希腊罗马神话中众神谱系

希腊神话中的众神谱系一、第一代神灵:天神与地神任何神话,都要从世界和人类的起源讲起。
在古希腊神话中,卡俄斯是原始天神。
通过单性繁殖,卡俄斯生有:大地女神该亚黑暗之神俄瑞波斯黑夜女神尼克斯爱神厄洛斯该亚生下天神乌拉扭斯,海神彭透斯。
乌拉扭斯后来又与该亚匹配成婚。
黑夜女神尼克斯生有:死神坦那托斯睡神希普托斯复仇女神墨涅西斯不和女神厄里斯毁灭女神凯雷斯命运女神莫伊莱黑暗之神俄瑞波斯与黑夜女神尼克斯婚配后生有:太空神埃特耳光明神赫墨拉乌拉扭斯与该亚婚配生下十二提坦神。
二、十二提坦神1、这十二个提坦神包括六男六女,后来组成了六对夫妇。
六个男提坦神是:河流之神俄刻阿诺斯科俄斯克瑞乌斯早期的太阳神许佩里翁普罗米修斯的父亲伊阿佩托斯克罗诺斯,提坦神中最年幼,最勇敢而又最有智谋的一个。
(黑猫中男主角黑猫曾加入的组织就被命名为克??坦神是:最早的光明之神提亚瑞亚特弥斯记忆的化身摩涅莫绪涅早期的月亮女神福柏最早的海洋女神特提斯2、由于天神乌拉扭斯贪恋权利,他把该亚生下的这些孩子都扔回母腹内。
地母该亚对此深为不满,就唆使最小的儿子克罗诺斯用镰刀阉割了父亲。
溅飞的精液再次使地母该亚受孕,生下复仇三女神阿勒克托、提西福涅、墨盖拉巨人族白橡树仙女(在魔侦探洛基中出现过)3、而提坦众神从此获得了自由,其中的四兄弟和四姐妹还结婚生子。
提亚和许佩里翁,生下:太阳神赫利乌斯、月神塞勒涅、黎明女神厄俄斯福柏和科俄斯,生下女神勒托和阿斯特里亚俄刻阿诺斯和特提斯,生下3000条河流和3000个小海神克罗诺斯和瑞亚,生下三个女儿:赫斯提亚、得墨特耳和赫拉三个儿子:哈笛斯、波塞冬和宙斯三、宙斯夺权1、推翻克罗诺斯罗诺斯比他父亲还要专横,为了保住王位,每当孩子出生,他就一口把孩子吞掉。
到最小的孩子宙斯出生时,瑞亚设计骗过丈夫,顺利地把他生了下来并送给白橡树仙女抚养。
宙斯长大后,和母亲一起用催吐剂让父亲吐出了吞下去的五个兄妹。
宙斯又联合十二位原始提坦神中的五位,在独眼巨人和百手巨人的帮助下,经过了十年激战,终于推翻了克罗诺斯的统治,确立了宙斯的统治地位。
希腊神话众神谱系图

卡俄斯(混沌之神)
五初神
地母神盖亚地狱深渊神塔尔塔洛斯黑暗神俄瑞波斯黑暗女神尼克斯爱神厄洛斯
提丰厄咯德拉太空之神埃忒耳命运三女神
白昼之神赫莫拉克罗托(纺织生命之线)
许德拉(九头蛇)冥河渡神卡戒拉克西斯(决定线的长度)
刻尔柏洛斯(地狱犬)阿特洛波斯(切断生命之线)
天空乌拉诺斯(被克洛诺斯推翻)海洋蓬托斯山脉乌瑞亚
许配利翁提亚克瑞斯
太阳神赫利俄斯
十二泰坦月亮女神塞勒斯
黎明女神厄俄斯
克洛诺斯瑞亚俄克阿诺斯泰西斯摩涅莫绪涅忒瑞斯克俄斯菲碧伊阿佩托斯
墨提斯
欧律诺墨
迈亚六主神
赫斯提亚波塞冬哈迪斯得墨忒尔赫拉宙斯
火焰女神海王冥王农林女神婚育女神众神之王
安菲特里忒海后珀耳塞福涅冥后
与美杜莎私通
克律萨俄斯
珀伽索斯飞马宙斯的子众
赫淮斯托斯赫伯阿瑞斯雅典娜赫尔墨斯阿波罗阿尔忒弥斯
九缪斯时序三女神美惠三女神
私生子:狄俄尼索斯伊阿宋珀尔修斯海格力斯海伦。
希腊神话家庭结构

希腊神话家庭结构
第一代神王夫妇:乌拉诺斯&盖亚
之十二个提坦神儿女
克洛诺斯(Cronus):天、空间神,推翻父神而成为第二任神王。
瑞亚(Rhea):时光女神。
克洛诺斯的妻子第二任神后。
俄刻阿诺斯(Oceanus):大洋河流之神。
生育了地球上所有河流及三千海洋女神。
泰西斯(Tethys):沧海女神;俄刻阿诺斯之妻。
许配利翁(Hyperion)光明太阳之神。
太阳,月亮和黎明之父。
提亚(Thea):宝物、光及视力女神;许配利翁之妻。
伊阿佩托斯(Iapetus):普罗米修斯,厄毗米修斯和阿忒拉斯之父。
克瑞斯(Crius):生长之神。
忒弥斯(Themis):秩序和正义女神.宙斯第二位妻子、时序三女神之母。
摩涅莫绪涅(Mnemosyne):记忆之神.宙斯第五位妻子、九缪斯之母。
菲碧(Phoebe):也称福伯或福碧,月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。
第二代神王夫妇:克洛诺斯&瑞亚
之6个儿女:
赫斯提亚(长女Hestia)
德墨忒耳(二女Demeter)
赫拉(三女Hera)
哈德斯(长子Hades,第四个孩子)
波塞冬(二子Poseidon)
宙斯(最小的儿子Zeus)奥林波斯十二神之首第三代神王夫妇:宙斯&赫拉
十二主神:
宙斯、赫拉、德墨忒耳、赫斯提亚或狄奥尼索斯、波塞冬、雅典娜、阿波罗、阿耳忒弥斯、阿佛洛狄忒、阿瑞斯、赫淮斯托斯及赫耳墨斯。
希腊罗马神话人物概述教材

• 阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite)——美神与爱神 ; 阿瑞斯(Ares)——战神 ;赫菲斯托斯 (Hephaestus)——火神及工匠之神 ;
• 赫尔墨斯(Hermes)——诸神的传令使;德 墨忒尔(Demeter)——农耕和丰收女神 ;狄 俄尼索斯(Dionysus)——酒神。
罗马神话的主神
奏竖琴(lyre)----音乐、医药、 预言之神,九位穆斯女神首领 • “长着环形卷发的阿波罗”( Homer) • (斯巴达地区)阿波罗节 Carnea (体育、音乐比赛)
希腊神话故事十二主神The Twelve Olympians
月亮女神阿耳忒弥斯 Artemis [ˈɑ:timis] (Diana)
希腊神话中神的谱系
• 希腊神话包由神的故事和英雄传说两大类组成。
• 主神有: 宙斯(Zeus)——众神之君,掌管天上和 人间 ; 赫拉(Hera)——天后,宙斯之妻,婚姻及 妇女的保护神;波塞冬(Poseidon)——海洋之神 ;哈得斯(Hades)——冥王,主管冥间、地府;雅 典娜(Athena)——智慧女神 ;阿波罗(Apollo)—— 光明之神;阿尔忒弥斯(Artemis)——狩猎与月亮 女神;
宙斯与赫拉之子女
火神 赫淮斯托斯 Hephaestus
青春女神 赫伯 Hebe
希腊神话故事十二主神The Twelve Olympians
海神波塞冬Poseidon [pɔˈsaidən] (Neptune)
• Zeus’s elder brother • 用三叉戟(trident) 统治海洋、地震
• 宙斯 Zeus (Jupiter) • Cronus(克洛诺斯) and Rhea (瑞
亚)之子 • 天气与气候之神 • “聚集云的神”(荷马Homer) • “神盾的持有者” (赫西俄德
希腊各神谱系

1.在古希腊神话中,卡厄斯(chaos)是原始的天神,通过单性繁殖,卡厄斯(chaos)生有:
该亚(Gaea) 大地女神
尼克斯(Nyx) 黑夜女神
厄洛斯(Eros) 爱欲之神
厄瑞波斯(Erebus) 黑暗之神
2. 该亚(Gaea)生下天神乌拉诺斯(Uranus),他们结合生下十二提坦神(Titans)、三个独眼巨人和三个百臂巨神
(狄俄尼索斯 巴克斯 Dionysus/Bacchus 酒神,狂欢之神)
注:奥林匹斯十二主神的故事早在公元前6世纪就开始创作。而在这十二位主神里,有十位一定会出现,他们分别为:宙斯、赫拉、波塞冬、阿瑞斯、赫耳墨斯、赫菲斯托斯、阿佛洛狄忒、雅典娜、阿波罗及阿尔忒弥斯。赫斯提本来是十二主神之一,但为了与凡人一起生活,她把她的主神位置让了给狄俄尼索斯;得墨忒耳有半年的时间为了要与她在冥界的女儿珀尔塞福涅一起生活,把她的主神位置让给冥王哈迪斯。
阿尔戈斯公主 达娜亚 外遇 提林斯王 珀耳修斯
阿尔戈斯公主 阿尔克墨涅 外遇 大英雄 赫拉克勒斯
记忆女神摩涅莫绪涅(Mnemosyne) 姑、姨妈:第五位 九缪斯女神
暗夜女神勒托(Leto) 堂表姐: 第六位 阿尔忒密斯与阿波罗
天后赫拉(Hera) 三姐: 第七位 战神阿瑞斯、赫淮斯托斯、埃勒提
8.宙斯的风流事迹
姓名 与宙斯的关系 儿女
智慧女神墨提斯 (Metis) 堂、表姐:第一位 智慧女神雅典娜
正义女神忒弥斯 (Themis) 姑、姨妈:第二位 时序三女神
海洋女神欧律诺墨 (Eurynome) 堂、表姐:第三位 美惠三女神
农林女神德墨忒尔 (Demeter) 二姐: 第四位 泊尔塞福涅
泰西斯 Tethys 最早的海洋女神,俄刻阿诺斯的妻子
古希腊神话主要人物关系表

序号 关系
1
自己
2
父亲
3
母亲
4 兄弟
5
6
堂兄
神名
众神之王 人类之王
海之王 丰收神 地狱之王
姓名
责任
宙斯
第三任神王,主神,掌管天 界,
克罗诺斯
时间的创力和破坏力的结合 体
瑞亚
掌管岁月流逝
波塞冬
哈迪斯 普罗米修斯
武器
雷霆(独眼巨人打造) 埃奎斯(赫菲斯托斯打
造)
象征物
备注
雄鹰、 橡树、 山峰、 公牛
雅典娜
宙斯和墨提斯之女,雅典的 守护神。
17
女儿
狩猎女神野 兽的保护神
阿尔西弥斯
给大地带来朝露、雨水、冰 霜。
将母亲吃掉,从父亲头颅中诞 橄榄枝 生。集智慧、美貌、战争于一
身。
18
科学、艺术 女神的总称
缪斯女神
传说中有九个神:克利俄、欧忒耳珀、塔利亚、墨耳波墨涅 、忒耳普西科瑞、厄拉托、波吕许谟尼亚、卡利俄珀
19
光明之神
阿波罗
宙斯和勒托之子,主管音乐 和竖琴。
儿子
火神、铁匠
宙斯和赫拉之子温和,爱好
20
和木匠的保 赫淮斯托斯 和平的神,在天上地上、同
护神
样获得众望。
竖琴、 弓箭、 冠冕
21
?
安泰
海神波塞冬和大地母神盖亚 以杀人为乐,大英雄赫拉
之子,一接触到大地就能吸 克勒斯,让他双脚离地,
取大地的力量。
勒死在怀里。
儿女:雅典娜 时序三女神 美惠三女神 泊尔塞福涅 九缪斯女神 阿尔西弥斯、阿波罗
14 妻子(三姐) 天后
赫拉
希腊神话十二主神docx

奥林珀斯(Olympus)十二主神:1天神宙斯(Zeus):宙斯是至高无上的众神之王,罗马名字是朱庇特(Jupiter),生性风流,和无数女神凡人有过关系,代表九大行星中的最大星木星。
(玉皇大帝)2海神波塞冬(Poseidon):波塞冬地位仅次于宙斯,是宙斯的哥哥,罗马名字是涅普顿(Neptun e),他负责掌管海洋,以三叉戟主宰水域,代表九大行星中的海王星。
3天后赫拉(Hera):赫拉是宙斯的姐姐和妻子,罗马名字朱诺(Juno),生性善妒,总迫害宙斯的情人,她是掌管婚姻和生育的女神。
与宙斯结合生下战神阿瑞斯(Ares)、火与工匠之神赫淮斯托斯(Hephaestus)和青春女神赫拍(H ebe)。
4农神得墨忒耳(Demeter):无性格得墨忒耳是宙斯的姐姐,罗马名字刻瑞斯(Ceres),是掌管农业的女神,给予大地生机,教授人类耕种。
因为她的女儿珀耳塞福涅(Pers ephone)(和宙斯所生)被冥王哈得斯(也是宙斯的哥哥,罗马名Pl uto)抢去做了冥后,一年有很长时间不能呆在她身边,她就把这段时间变成了冬天,让万物不能生长。
5灶神赫斯提亚(Hestia):无性格赫斯提亚也是是宙斯的姐姐,罗马名字维斯塔(Vesta),她掌万民的家事。
三处女神之一。
6战神阿瑞斯(Ares):阿瑞斯是宙斯与赫拉的儿子,罗马名字玛尔斯(Mars),他是司职战争的战神,形象英俊,性格好斗,勇猛顽强,但同时也是嗜杀、血腥、灾祸的化身,代表九大行星中的火星。
7火神赫菲斯托斯:(Hephaestus)火神赫淮斯托斯是宙斯与赫拉的儿子,罗马名字伏尔坎(Vulcan),他是长得最丑陋的天神,而且瘸腿,但却娶了最最美丽的女神阿佛洛狄忒(维纳斯)。
他是火神,亦是诸神的铁匠。
西语中的“火山”一词来源于他的罗马名字,火山是他为众神打造武器的铁匠炉。
8太阳神阿波罗(Apollo):太阳神阿波罗是宙斯与与黑暗女神勒托(Leto)的儿子,又名福波斯(P hoebus),意思是“光辉灿烂”。
希腊罗马神谱

太古诸神的系谱混沌│┌—————┴———————┬—————┬————┬———┐│││││盖亚塔尔塔洛斯爱鲁斯尼克斯+俄瑞波斯││(与盖亚)│┌———┬┴——————┐┌——┴—————┐│Python乌拉诺斯彭透斯埃奇多娜提风以太│阿佛洛狄德泰坦一系的系谱伊阿珀托斯+克莱美尼│├阿特拉斯├埃庇米修斯=潘多拉│││└Pyrrha=Deucalion├普罗米修斯└墨诺提俄斯第一代奥林匹斯诸神俄刻阿洛斯+特提斯=37名河神子女、瑞亚(养女)许珀里翁+特忒伊亚=赫利乌斯(太阳神) 、塞勒涅(月神)、厄俄斯(黎明之神)科俄斯+菲比=勒托、阿斯特利亚克洛诺斯+瑞亚├季米特里├哈底斯+玻尔塞富涅=希拉、赫斯蒂、波塞冬、宙斯克利俄斯+Eurybia =Palla第二代奥林匹斯诸神第二代奥林匹斯诸神是宙斯与其他女神所生的子女。
宙斯+希拉=阿瑞斯、赫菲斯托斯、赫柏宙斯+墨提斯=雅典娜(一说她从宙斯的头部诞生)宙斯┳??? 宙斯┳[[]]??? 3女神(一说她从宙斯的头部诞生) (一说她从宙斯的头部诞生)BV文明三女神(一说? ??? ? 男根?? 诞生)宙斯+狄奥涅=阿佛洛狄德(一说她从乌拉诺斯被丢入海里的阴茎诞生)宙斯+勒托=阿尔忒弥斯、阿波罗宙斯+迈亚=赫耳墨斯宙斯+????=美惠之三女神宙斯+摩涅莫辛涅=缪斯之九女神宙斯+德米特尔=帕耳塞福涅奥林帕斯十二主神列表希腊神话罗马神话英语名称象征及主司宙斯朱庇特Zeus/Jupiter 天空和天气赫拉诺Hera/Juno 婚姻和家庭波塞冬涅普顿Poseidon/Neptune 海洋和风浪阿佛洛狄德维纳斯Aphrodite/Venus 爱与美阿瑞斯玛尔斯Ares/Mars 战争和破坏雅典娜密涅瓦Athena/Minerva 智慧和学问阿波罗阿波罗Apollo 太阳和音乐阿忒弥斯狄安娜Artemis/Diana 狩猎和处女赫斐斯托斯乌尔肯Hephaestus/Vulcan 火和技术赫耳墨斯墨丘利Hermes/Mercury 情报与商业技术哈底斯2 普鲁托Hades/Pluto 亡和阴间(地府)赫斯提亚1 维斯塔Hestia/Vesta 家事和厨房德米特尔2 赛尔斯Demeter/Ceres 谷物和丰饶狄俄尼索斯1 巴克科斯Dionysus/Bacchus 醉香和演剧注:赫斯提亚为了与凡人一起生活而把主神位置让了给狄俄尼索斯;德米特尔与女婿冥王哈底斯每半年轮流当主神。
古希腊神话人物关系、名字和简介

古希腊神话人物关系、名字和简介1、埃俄罗斯(Aeolos):风神。
2、阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite):爱与美的女神,宙斯和狄俄涅所生之女。
3、阿波罗(Apoiion):太阳神,也称福玻斯,宙斯和勒托所生之子,阿耳忒弥斯的孪生兄弟。
4、阿瑞斯(Ares):战神,宙斯和赫拉所生之子。
5、阿耳忒弥斯(Artemis):狩猎女神,宙斯与勒拉所生之女。
6、雅典娜(Athene):宙斯之女,智慧和艺术女神。
7、巴克科斯(Bacchos):又称狄俄倪索斯(Dionysos),宙斯和塞墨勒所生之子,酒神。
8、玻瑞阿斯(Boreas):风神。
9、得墨忒耳(Demeter):丰收和农业女神,宙斯之姐,珀耳塞福涅之母。
10、厄俄斯(Eos):黎明女神,太阳神和月神的姐妹。
11、厄里斯(Eris):纷争女神,阿瑞斯的姐妹。
12、欧墨尼得斯(Eumenides):复仇女神。
13、该亚(Gaea):大地女神。
14、格劳科斯(Glauke):海神之一。
15、哈得斯(Hades):又名普路同,地狱和冥国的统治者,宙斯、波塞冬和得墨忒耳的兄弟。
16、赫柏(Hebe):青春女神,宙斯和赫拉之女,赫剌克勒斯升天后之妻。
17、赫卡忒(Hekate):司冥界出灵恶梦的女神。
18、赫准斯托斯(Hephasfos):火神和锻治之神,宙斯和赫拉之子,阿佛洛狄忒之夫19、赫拉(Hera):天后,宙斯的姐姐和妻子。
20、赫耳墨斯(Hermes):宙斯和迈亚之子,众神的使者,行路人的保护神,商业庇护神,亡灵的接引神。
21、勒托(Leto):提坦女神,宙斯之妻,阿波罗和阿耳忒弥斯之母。
22、涅墨西斯(Nemesis):惩罚女神。
23、涅斐勒(Nephele):云彩女神。
24、珀耳塞福涅(Persephone):冥府女王,哈得斯之妻。
25、波塞冬(Poseidon):海神,宙斯之兄弟,安菲特里忒之夫。
26、普罗米修斯(Prometeus):提坦神之一。
希腊诸神的血缘关系

希腊诸神的血缘关系(一)卡俄斯Chaos—混沌之神(原始神)(二)混沌之神卡俄斯通过单性繁殖生有五大创世神:该亚Gaia—地母(第一代神后)俄瑞波斯Erebus—黑暗神尼克斯Nyx —黑暗女神厄洛斯Eros—爱神(另一个爱神厄洛斯是战神阿瑞斯和爱神阿弗洛狄忒的儿子,罗马名字丘比特,两者同名)塔耳塔洛斯Tartarus—地狱深渊神(三)(1)地母该亚通过单性繁殖生有:乌拉诺斯Ouranos—天神(第一代主神)彭透斯Pontus—最早的海神乌瑞亚Ourea—山神(2)地母该亚和地狱深渊神塔耳塔洛斯生了怪物提丰Typhon(3)黑暗神俄瑞波斯与黑暗女神尼克斯生有:埃忒尔Aether—太空神赫墨拉Hemera—最早的光明神卡隆Charon—冥河渡神尼克斯形象为身穿黑衣的妇女,她位于冥府的住所也是黑云弥漫。
每当晚神赫斯珀洛斯Hesperus开道,她便离开冥府,驾驶着战车飞上天空,用夜幕笼罩大地,让世界浸入宁静。
赫墨拉与母亲尼克斯居于同一住所,但两人从不同时呆在里面,总是一个进来一个出去。
每当黎明女神厄俄斯出现,她便离开冥府,驾驶着战车飞上天空,驱散黑夜,让天光照亮大地,唤醒世界万物。
古希腊人认为昼夜更迭与日出日落无关,是完全独立的自然现象:尼克斯用黑幕笼罩大地便是黑夜,而白昼则是因为赫墨拉驱散了黑幕。
(4)黑暗女神尼克斯还生有:达纳托斯Thanatus—死神修普诺斯Hypnus—睡神摩洛斯Morus—厄神刻耳Ceres—鬼神俄尼里伊Onirii—梦神摩墨斯Momus—嘲神俄匊斯Oizys—忧神阿帕忒Apate—骗神菲罗忒斯Philotes—淫神革剌斯Geras—老神莫伊莱Moerae—命运女神奈米西斯—早期的复仇女神凯雷斯—集尸女神厄里斯Eris—不和女神(另一说法是宙斯和赫拉所生)传说珀琉斯国王同海洋女神结婚,邀请了所有的神参加婚礼,惟独没请厄里斯。
于是,厄里斯决意报复,暗中把一只金苹果扔在欢快的客人们中间,上面写到:“送给最美丽的女人。
希腊诸神

太阳神
月亮女神 爱与美之神 战神 匠神、火神 神使/商旅之神 农业神
阿波罗 Apollo
狄安娜 Diana 维纳斯 Venus 马尔斯Mars 武尔坎Vulcanus 麦鸠利 Mercurius 刻瑞斯Ceres
从旧神谱系到新神谱系的演化,一方面曲折 地反映了人类社会的发展状况;另一方面,神的 形象和性格也日趋人格化,显示出精神力量对自 然力量的胜利。
天神宙斯
• 阿尔特弥斯—月神和狩猎女神
• 赫菲斯托斯—火神和工匠之神;
冥王哈台斯: 冥王哈台斯是众神中最神秘的神,
他是隐形的,始终穿着大衣,遮住了脸和全身。
他是死亡之神,让人从地面消失,谁也不可以 看到他的脸。古代艺术也很少表现他。哈台斯
的王国在地下,而珍贵的果实也从地里长出来,
人们叫他是“分发财富的神”。 哈迪斯个人比较有名的事迹就是,将大地 母神的爱女春之女神珀耳塞福涅(贝瑟芬妮)用 一颗石榴诱骗到了冥府,大地母神悲伤过度, 从此大地一片荒芜。在宙斯的调停下,哈得斯 答应让珀耳塞福涅回到母亲的身边,但每年必 须有3个月居住在冥府,这三个月也就是人间 的冬季。据考是抢亲习俗的来源。古希腊人觉 得结婚是新郎将新娘从她娘家抢走了。
古希腊神话 新旧神谱
1、旧神谱系(前奥林匹斯神系)
混沌大神卡俄斯
地母该娅(大地) 天神乌拉诺斯(天空)
十二提坦巨神 (克洛诺斯 瑞亚 普罗米修斯) 三男三女 (人类)
(波赛冬、哈台斯、赫拉、得默忒耳、赫斯提斯、宙斯)
2
希腊神名 宙斯 Zeus 赫拉 Hera
新神谱:奥林匹斯神系12主神
血缘关系 众神之王 神后 宙斯之弟 宙斯的兄弟 宙斯之女 职能 主神、雷神 婚姻生育兼天空之神 海神 冥神 智慧女神 罗马神名 朱庇特 Jupiter 朱诺 Juno 涅普顿 Neptune 普路同 Pluto 弥涅耳瓦 Minerva
希腊罗马神话:1-4众神

• 英雄传说起源于对祖先的 崇拜,它是古希腊人对远 古历史和对自然界斗争的 一种艺术回顾。这类传说 中的主人公大都是神与人 的后代,半神半人的英雄。 他们体力过人,英勇非凡, 体现了人类征服自然的豪 迈气概和顽强意志,成为 古代人民集体力量和智慧 的化身。
• 希腊神话中的神与人同形同性,既有人的体态美,也有 人的七情六欲,懂得喜怒哀乐,参与人的活动。 • 神与人的区别仅仅在于前者永生,无死亡期;后者生命 有限,有生老病死。希腊神话中的神个性鲜明,没有禁 欲主义因素,也很少有神秘主义色彩。因此,希腊神话 不仅是希腊文学的土壤,而且对后来的欧洲文学有着深 远的影响。
克洛诺斯用镰刀割下了父亲的命根,抛 入海中。史称“镰刀夺位”。
• 他的生殖器从海里溅起的泡沫中,诞生了 爱神阿芙洛狄忒。之后,克洛诺斯娶自己 的姐姐瑞亚为妻,双双统治天庭,成为第 二代天神和天后。克洛诺斯顺理成章地做 了第二任神王
第二代天神天后:克洛诺斯和瑞亚
克洛诺斯与瑞亚成为第二代天神天后。他们生下了三男三女: 三个女神是: 赫斯提亚----家灶女神(又称火女神) 德墨忒尔----农林女神 赫拉----妒忌、家庭女神及婚姻女神 三个男神是: 哈迪斯----冥界之神 波塞东----海洋之神 宙斯---天空之神(第三代众神之王)
课程开始前须回答的几个问题
1.什么是神话? 2.什么是希腊罗马神话?
3.希腊罗马神话的源头在哪里?
4.希腊神话与罗马神话有什么关系? 5.为什么要学习希腊罗马神话?
什么是神话?
What is mythology?
古代人民口头的文学集体创 作。马克斯说神话是“在人民的幻
想中经过不自觉的艺术加工方式 所加工过的自然界和社会形态”。
希腊、罗马神话 的源头
希腊罗马神话

希腊罗马神话
• 西方文化源头
– 二希: – 希腊罗马神话 – 希伯来语【圣经】
希腊罗马神话
• 神话的几条总结:
– 古代社会蒙昧的产物。认识有限,用神的形象 将自然力形象化,人格化。解释。
– 原始社会与原始信仰结合的产物。洪水,特洛 伊战争。图腾,拜物教。信仰。
• 地理:从属于亚欧大陆,是亚洲向西端延伸阶段。
C希h腊ao罗s:马文混明沌简史之神
希腊罗马神话
• Chaos 混沌 • 子女: • Erebus 黑暗, Night 夜晚,Tartarus塔尔塔罗斯
(地狱), Eros爱诺斯(爱欲) ,Gaia盖娅(大地) • Erebus 黑暗 + Night 夜晚 light + day
希腊罗马神话
• 阿克琉斯先在可戎 Ciron学习。
• 后被送至在斯库罗 斯岛Scyros。混在 国王吕科墨得斯 Lysomedes的女儿中。
• 后被奥德修斯找出。
• Batoni, Pompeo • Achilles at the Court
of Lycomedes, 1745, oil on canvas, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
外遇9
河神伊那科斯之女赫拉 女祭司 伊俄
埃及王 埃帕福斯
外遇10
吕基亚公主
吕基亚王
普罗米修斯
赫拉克勒斯拯救普罗米修斯
希腊罗马神话
• 普罗米休斯 • 盗取天火与人间 • 潘多拉
潘多拉Pandora的匣子 灾祸的根源
希腊罗马神话
• 特提斯Thetis • 宙斯姑妈
• 命运:儿子力量胜过父亲 • 希腊神话中的巨人和海神,
罗马神话与希腊神话神祗对照表

罗马神话与希腊神话神祗对照表(希腊)阿克琉斯Achilleus(罗马)阿克里斯Achilles特洛伊战争中最勇敢强大的英雄,杀了赫克托尔;密尔弥冬人的国王佩琉斯与海仙忒提斯之子(希腊)阿弗罗狄忒Aphrodite(罗马)维纳斯[女神]Venus金星,希腊神职司美丽与性爱,罗马神增加了园艺和丰产职责;宙斯与狄奥涅之女(希腊)阿波罗Apollon(罗马)阿波罗Apollo早期职司预言、医疗、射艺;晚期演变为太阳神;宙斯与勒托之子(希腊)阿瑞斯Ares(罗马)马尔斯Mars战神/火星, 宙斯与赫拉之子(希腊)阿尔忒弥斯Artemis(罗马)狄安娜[女神]Diana早期职司狩猎、森林,晚期变为月亮女神;宙斯与勒托之女(希腊)雅典娜Athena(罗马)米涅瓦[女神]Minerva早期职司艺术、手艺,帮助英雄;晚期变为智慧女神,女战神,雅典保护神。
宙斯与墨提斯之女(希腊)阿特拉斯Atlas(罗马)阿特拉斯Atlas大力神,因反叛宙斯被罚肩扛天球和地球,后指称地图集;一说乌拉诺斯与伊阿佩托斯之子(希腊)克罗诺斯Cronus(罗马)萨图恩Saturn第二代天父/土星,初司农业,后为黄金时代宇宙统治者;罗马神仅负责农业;乌拉诺斯与盖亚之子(希腊)德墨忒尔Demeter(罗马)切勒斯[女神]Ceres粮食女神,第三代大地母亲神;冥后佩尔塞福涅之母;克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女(希腊)狄奥尼索斯Dionysus(罗马)巴库斯Bacchus[葡萄]酒神,植物神;宙斯与塞墨勒之子;早期拉丁语叫利贝拉Libera(希腊)埃罗斯Eros(罗马)库比德/丘比特Cupid爱神,调控性欲,一说卡奥斯Chaos之子(希腊)盖亚Gaea/Gaia(罗马)特拉[女神]Terra/Tellus第一代大地母亲神/地球,卡奥斯Chaos之女(希腊)哈迪斯Hades(罗马)普路托Pluto冥府之王/冥王星,死人之主;克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子(希腊)赫菲斯托斯Hephaestus(罗马)乌尔坎Vulcan火神及工匠之神,宙斯与赫拉之子(希腊)赫拉Hera(罗马)朱诺/尤诺[女神]Juno婚姻与生育女神,已婚妇女的保护神,诸神之母后;克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女(希腊)赫拉克勒斯Herakles(罗马)海格立斯/赫尔库勒斯Hercules力大无比之神;宙斯与阿尔克墨涅之子(希腊)赫尔墨斯Hermes(罗马)墨丘利Mercury通讯神/水星,门神,保护工商、发明、旅游、盗贼;宙斯与玛亚之子(希腊)赫斯提亚Hestia(罗马)维斯塔[女神]Vesta灶神,国家和家庭保护神;克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女(希腊)许普诺斯Hypnos(罗马)索姆纳斯Somnus睡眠与梦幻之神,夜神尼克斯Nyx之子(希腊)奥德修斯Odysseus(罗马)尤利西斯Ulysses《奥德赛》主人公,足智多谋伊达卡国王,设木马计结束特洛伊战争(希腊)佩尔塞福涅Persephone(罗马)普罗塞耳皮娜Proserpina冥后,青春女神,朱庇特与切勒斯之女;早期拉丁语叫丽贝尔Liber(希腊)波塞冬Poseidon(罗马)尼普顿Neptune海神/海王星,地震之神,克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子(希腊)瑞亚Rhea(罗马)奥普斯[女神]Ops第二代大地母亲神;克罗诺斯之妻,诸女神之母;乌拉诺斯与盖亚之女(希腊)乌拉诺斯Uranus(罗马)乌拉诺斯Uranus第一代天父/天王星,12提坦之父,盖亚之子(希腊)宙斯Zeus(罗马)朱庇特/尤比特Jupiter第三代天父/木星,奥林匹斯12神祇之王,职司风雨雷电;克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子八大行星和月亮的英文与神话名称(除地球和月亮常用英语Earth, Moon以外,其余行星都用拉丁文的神话称谓)水星Mercury/Hermes,距太阳最近,质量第二小。
古希腊神话众神与众神谱系及妖怪幻兽介绍(图文)

古希腊神话众神与众神谱系及妖怪幻兽介绍(图文) 丢卡利翁(Deucalion):普罗米修斯和克吕墨涅之子,皮拉的丈夫;宙斯发洪水毁灭人类时只留下他们俩。
伊卡洛斯(Icarus):代达罗斯之子;和父亲一起逃离克里特时,因飞近太阳,落水而死。
伊克西翁(Ixion):拉庇泰国王;因意图对赫拉无理,宙斯将他缚在旋转的车轮上,永远在冥土受罚。
伊阿西翁(Jasion):宙斯和海中某女神的儿子,他追求农业女神德米特耳,为宙斯所杀。
伊阿宋(Jason):夺取金羊毛的阿耳戈英雄的首领;美狄亚的丈夫。
西绪福斯(Sisyphus):人类中最狡猾者;死后在冥土受罚,永远推巨石上山,但将及山顶巨石又复落下。
克律塞伊丝(Chryseis):特洛亚方面阿波罗祭司的女儿,为阿伽门农俘虏,后者拒绝将她交还给其父,结果导致太阳神的报复。
克吕泰涅斯特拉(Clytaemnestra):阿伽门农的妻子,杀死了自己的丈夫,又被自己儿子所杀。
狄俄墨得斯(Diomedes):特洛亚战争中,希腊方面著名的大英雄。
希波墨冬(Hippomedon):攻打忒拜的七雄之一。
忒修斯(Theseus):雅典王;希腊神话中的著名大英雄之一。
忒勒玛科斯(Telemachus):奥德修斯的儿子;父亲从特洛亚战争中归来后,帮助父亲杀死所有求婚者.忒拉蒙(Telamon):夺取金羊毛的阿耳戈英雄之一。
忒瑞西阿斯(Tiresias):忒拜先知,盲目,据说因无意中窥见雅典娜出浴而被判失明。
阿喀琉斯(Achilles):珀琉斯和海中女神忒提丝之子,浑身刀枪不入,唯一的弱点是脚踝;特洛亚战争中的希腊最伟大英雄。
阿德剌斯托斯(Adrastus):阿耳戈斯王;攻打忒拜的七将之一。
阿伽门农(Agamemnon):阿特柔斯之子;特洛亚战争中希腊方面的统帅。
阿尔刻提斯(Alcestis):珀利阿斯的女儿;以钟情丈夫著名,自愿代丈夫就死。
阿塔兰忒(Atalanta):伊阿索斯和克吕墨涅的女儿,美丽而野性的女猎手. 阿特柔斯(Atreus):珀罗普斯和希波达弥亚的儿子,坦塔罗斯的孙子欧律斯透斯(Eurystheus):珀耳修斯的孙子;赫拉克剌斯被罚为他做十二件大事. 拉奥孔(Laocoon):特洛亚城的阿波罗祭司,因他劝告特洛亚人警惕木马,雅典娜震怒, 派两条蛇将他咬死.帕里斯(Paris):特洛亚王子;由于他诱拐天下第一美女海伦而引起特洛亚战争帕耳忒诺派俄斯(Parthenopaeus):阿德剌斯托斯的兄弟,攻打忒拜的七英雄之一.帕特洛克洛斯(Patroclus):诺提俄斯之子;阿喀琉斯的密友;死于赫克托耳之手, 他的死使阿喀琉斯重新参战攻打特洛亚.法厄同(Phaethon):阿波罗和克吕墨涅的儿子;因强驾阿波罗的神车,从天上跌下致死. 波吕尼刻斯(Polynices):俄狄浦斯和伊俄卡斯忒的儿子;攻打忒拜的七英雄之一. 坦塔罗斯(Tantalus):宙斯的儿子,众神的朋友;因杀死儿子宴请天神,被罚入冥土永受饥渴之苦.美狄亚(Medea):美丽的女魔法师,她帮助伊阿宋取得金羊毛,并嫁给他;后因伊阿宋移情别恋,亲手杀苏煞蛟己的两个儿子并设计杀死了伊阿宋的新欢. .珀利阿斯(Pelias):伊阿宋的叔叔,他篡夺了本应属于伊阿宋的王位珀琉斯(Peleus):阿耳戈英雄之一;忒提丝的丈夫,阿喀琉斯之父.珀罗普斯(Pelops):坦塔罗斯之子;被其父做成菜肴给天神食用,后为命运女神复活.珀涅罗珀(Penelope):奥德修斯忠贞的妻子;丈夫远征特洛亚失踪后,拒绝了所有求婚者, 一直等待丈夫归来.珀耳修斯(Perseus):宙斯和达那厄的儿子;希腊神话中的大英雄之一. 辛尼斯(Sinnis):著名强盗,外号"扳松贼",用两棵松树将旅人撕裂;波塞冬之子;为忒修斯所杀达玛斯忒斯(Damastes):著名强盗,外号"铁床贼";没准儿也是波塞冬之子;为忒修斯所杀. ; 斯喀戎(Sciron):著名强盗,强迫旅人为他洗脚;差不多也是波塞冬之子;被忒修斯杀死.埃厄忒斯(Aeetes):赫利俄斯和珀耳塞之子,喀耳刻之兄,美狄亚之父. 埃涅阿斯(Aeneas):阿佛洛狄忒的儿子,特洛亚英雄之一.埃俄罗斯(Aeolus):希波忒斯之子,克苏托斯之父;众神的朋友,掌管诸风.埃阿斯(Ajax):忒拉蒙和厄里斯珀之子,通称大埃阿斯;特洛亚战争中的希腊英雄.埃阿斯(Ajax):俄琉斯之子,通称小埃阿斯;特洛亚战争中的希腊英雄.俄琉斯(Oileus):阿耳戈英雄之一.恩底弥翁(Endymion):埃特里俄斯俊美的儿子,为月女神塞勒涅所钟爱. 海伦(Helen):宙斯和勒达的女儿,人间绝色;墨涅拉俄斯的妻子;为帕里斯拐走而引起特洛亚战争.曼托(Manto):忒瑞西阿斯的女儿,亦善预言.许拉斯(Hylas):赫拉克剌斯的密友;美丽的男子,被水妖钦煞蜻.淮德拉(Phaedra):弥诺斯的女儿的女儿,忒修斯之妻.透克洛斯(Teucer):河神斯卡曼德洛斯的儿子;第一个特洛亚王.涅索斯(Nessus):一个渡旅客过河的艄公,马人;因调戏赫拉克剌斯的妻子被他杀掉, 但临死设计害死赫拉克剌斯.涅琉斯(Neleus):阿耳戈英雄之一.涅斯托耳(Nestor):涅琉斯的儿子,希腊某部的国王,以睿智著称,且为人公正,长于言辞.喀戎(Chiron):文武双全的马人;许多希腊英雄的丈夫师.喀耳刻(Circe):赫利俄斯和珀耳塞的女儿;法力高强的魔法师.阿德墨托斯(Admetus):参加过卡吕冬野猪狩猎,阿耳戈英雄之一;以他忠贞的妻而著名。
希腊罗马神话中众神谱系

希腊神话中的众神谱系一、第一代神灵:天神与地神任何神话,都要从世界和人类的起源讲起。
在古希腊神话中,卡俄斯是原始天神。
通过单性繁殖,卡俄斯生有:大地女神该亚黑暗之神俄瑞波斯黑夜女神尼克斯爱神厄洛斯该亚生下天神乌拉扭斯,海神彭透斯。
乌拉扭斯后来又与该亚匹配成婚。
黑夜女神尼克斯生有:死神坦那托斯睡神希普托斯复仇女神墨涅西斯不和女神厄里斯毁灭女神凯雷斯命运女神莫伊莱黑暗之神俄瑞波斯与黑夜女神尼克斯婚配后生有:太空神埃特耳光明神赫墨拉乌拉扭斯与该亚婚配生下十二提坦神。
二、十二提坦神1、这十二个提坦神包括六男六女,后来组成了六对夫妇。
六个男提坦神是:河流之神俄刻阿诺斯科俄斯克瑞乌斯早期的太阳神许佩里翁普罗米修斯的父亲伊阿佩托斯克罗诺斯,提坦神中最年幼,最勇敢而又最有智谋的一个。
(黑猫中男主角黑猫曾加入的组织就被命名为克??坦神是:最早的光明之神提亚瑞亚特弥斯记忆的化身摩涅莫绪涅早期的月亮女神福柏最早的海洋女神特提斯2、由于天神乌拉扭斯贪恋权利,他把该亚生下的这些孩子都扔回母腹内。
地母该亚对此深为不满,就唆使最小的儿子克罗诺斯用镰刀阉割了父亲。
溅飞的精液再次使地母该亚受孕,生下复仇三女神阿勒克托、提西福涅、墨盖拉巨人族白橡树仙女(在魔侦探洛基中出现过)3、而提坦众神从此获得了自由,其中的四兄弟和四姐妹还结婚生子。
提亚和许佩里翁,生下:太阳神赫利乌斯、月神塞勒涅、黎明女神厄俄斯福柏和科俄斯,生下女神勒托和阿斯特里亚俄刻阿诺斯和特提斯,生下3000条河流和3000个小海神克罗诺斯和瑞亚,生下三个女儿:赫斯提亚、得墨特耳和赫拉三个儿子:哈笛斯、波塞冬和宙斯三、宙斯夺权1、推翻克罗诺斯罗诺斯比他父亲还要专横,为了保住王位,每当孩子出生,他就一口把孩子吞掉。
希腊罗马诸神关系谱

希腊罗马诸神关系谱Chaos天王 (地母之子)Uranus == Gaea (地母)(诞下12泰坦和Cyclopes 独眼巨人和Hecatoncheires 百臂巨人)Mnemosyne Themis Cruis记忆神泰坦,与Zous九夜九Muse 律神泰坦,Fates和Horae (Seasons)之母与姐妹Eurybia结婚,育有 Astraeus, Pallas and PersesCronus== Rhea Coeus == Phoebe Ocean== Tethys Hyperion==Thea(sister) 阉其父后统领泰坦大地丰收泰坦智慧泰坦月神泰坦海洋泰坦河神泰坦太阳泰坦闪亮泰坦 Hestia Hades Poseidon Zeus=Hera Demeter= Zeus Leto=Zeus Iapetus Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).灶神冥神海神主神婚姻之神农神Athena Persephone Prometheus Atlas Epimetheus智慧泰坦Mertis (Athena之母) 冥后人的保护神,预言,盗火,好东西,率领抵抗笨神,潘多拉的盒子Ares Hebe Hephaestus 被绑崖上鹰啄肝,大力神救 Zeus, 被罚顶天战神工匠神Apollo Artemis Zeus=Maia Zeus=Dione多才太阳神月亮狩猎女神Hermes Aphrodite信使爱与美神, Zeus (Jupiter) , Athena (Minerva), Poseidon (Neptune) , Apollo, Hades (Pluto) , Aphrodite (Venus), Hestia (Vesta) , Hermes (Mercury), Hera (Juno) , Artemis (Diana), Ares (Mars) , Hephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber)Gaea (地母) == Tartarus (The darkest pit in the world at the edge of the world)五初神 Gaea (地母) == Tartarus God of darkness Erebus = = NyxGoddess of night Erosson of Chaos daughter of chaos(son) Typhon = = Echidna, Aether (god of sky), Hemera (goddess of day),Cerberus (son) Lernean Hydra (daughter) on her own, Nyx gives birthto(the three-headed of hell) (the multiheaded) Momus (blame), Moros (doom), Thanatos (death),Hypnos (sleep), Charon (the ferryman of Hades), the Oneiroi (dreams), the Hesperides, the Keres and Moirae (Fates), Nemesis (retribution), Apate (deception), Philotes (friendship), Geras (age), and Eris (strife), ...concepts occur in the Theogony of Hesiod. First there was Chaosin Hesiod’s system, then Gaea and Eros (Earth and Desire). Chaos, however, did not generate Gaea; the offspring of Chaos were Erebus (Darkness) and Nyx. Nyx begat Aether, the bright upper air, andDay. Nyx later begat the dark and dreadful aspects of the universe (e.g., Dreams, Death, War, and Famine).In Hesiod's Theogony, Nyx is born of Chaos; her offspring are many, and telling. With Erebus the deity of shadow and darkness, Nyx gives birth to Aether (atmosphere) and Hemera (day). Later,. In his description of Tartarus, Hesiod says further that Hemera (day), who is Nyx's daughter, left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left. This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri (night) in the Rigveda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas (dawn).Nyx by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1883)Erebus ConsortChaos Parents[1]Erebus, Gaia, Tartarus and Eros Siblingssee below ChildrenHypnosHypnos and Thánatos, Sleep and His Half-Brother Death by John William Waterhouse.God of Sleep Underworld AbodePoppy SymbolPasithea ConsortNyx ParentsThánatos, Morpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos SiblingsMorpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos (according to Ovid) ChildrenRoman equivalentThe Creation of the World and MankindThis story is written by both Aeschylus and Hesiod.In the beginning, there was formless confusion of Chaos brooded over the unbroken darkness. Then out of the void appeared Erebus, the unknowable place where death dwells, and Night (Nyx). All else was empty, silent, endless, darkness. Then somehow Love (Eros) was born bringing a start of order. From Love came Light and Day. Once there was Light and Day, Gaea, the earth appeared.Gaea alone gave birth to Uranus, the god of the heavens. Uranus became Gaea's mate. Together they produced the three Cyclopes, the three Hecatoncheires, and twelve Titans.But, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He hated the Hecatoncheires. He imprisoned them by pushing them into the hiddenplaces of the earth, Gaea's womb. This angered Gaea and she plotted against Uranus. She made a flint sickle and tried to get her children to attack Uranus. Allwere too afraid except, the youngest Titan, Cronus.Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush of Uranus as he lay with Gaea at night. Cronus grabbed his father and castrated him, with the stone sickle, throwing the severed genitals into the ocean. The fate of Uranus is not clear. He either died, withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself toItaly. As he departed, he promised that Cronus and the Titans wouldbe punished. From his spilt blood came the Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinyes. From the sea foam where his genitals fell came Aphrodite.Cronus became the next ruler. He imprisoned the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires in Tartarus. He married his sister Rhea, and under his rule the Titans had many offspring. He ruled for many ages. However, Gaea and Uranus both had prophesied that he would be overthrown by a son. To avoid this Cronus swallowed each of his children as they were born. Rhea was angry at the treatment of the children and plotted againstCronus. When it came time to give birth to her sixth child, Rhea tricked Cronus. She secretly carried the child to Crete and then wrapped a stonein swaddling cloths. Cronus, thinking it was a baby, ate the stone.The child was Zeus. He grew into a handsome youth on Crete. He consulted Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepared a drink for Cronus which would force him to vomit up the five other children. Rhea convinced Cronus to accept his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronus's cupbearer. This gave Zeus the opportunity to slip Cronus the specially prepared drink. This worked as planned and the other five children were vomited up. Being gods they were unharmed. They were thankful to Zeus and made him their leader.Cronus was yet to be defeated. He and the Titans, except Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Oceanus, fought to retain their power. Atlas becametheirleader in battle and it looked for some time as though they wouldwin and put the young gods down. However, Zeus was had other plans. He went down to Tartarus and freed the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires. Prometheus joined Zeus as well. He returned to battle with his new allies. The Cyclopes provided Zeus with lighting bolts for weapons. The Hecatoncheires he set in ambush armed with boulders. When the time was right, Zeus retreated drawing the Titans into the Hecatoncheires's ambush. The Hecatoncheires rained down hundreds of boulders with such afury the Titans thought the mountains were falling on them. Theybroke and ran giving Zeus victory.Zeus exiled the Titans who had fought against him into Tartarus. All except for Atlas, who was singled out for the special punishment of holding the world on his shoulders.However, even after this victory Zeus was not safe. Gaea, angry that her children had been imprisoned, gave birth to a last offspring, Typhoeus. Typhoeus was a creature more terrible than any that had gone before. However, Zeus, having learned to control thunder and lightning stuck Typhoeus down. Typhoeus was buried under Mount Etna in Sicily.Much later a final challenge to Zeus rule was made by the Giants. They went so far as to attempt to invade Mount Olympus, piling mountain upon mountain in an effort to reach the top. But, the gods had grown strong and with the help of Hercules, the Giants were subdued or killed. Now, the world, having been cleared of all the monsters, was ready for mankind. Prometheus and Epimetheus were spared imprisonment in Tartarus because they did not fight with their fellow Titans during the war with the Olympians. They were given the task of creating man. Epimetheus was in charge of the task of giving the creatures of theearth their various qualities, such as swiftness, cunning, strength, fur, wings.Unfortunately, by the time he got to man Epimetheus had given allthe good qualities out and there were none left for man. So he turned toPrometheus for help. Prometheus took over the task of creation and sought a way to make man superior. He made man stand upright like thethegods did and gave them fire.Prometheus loved man more than the Olympians, who had banished mostof his family to Tartarus. Because of Prometheus' love of man, Zeus created women. So when Zeus decreed that man must present a portion of each animal they sacrificed to the gods, Prometheus decided to trick Zeus. He created two piles, one with the bones wrapped injuicy fat, the other with the good meat hidden in the hide. He then made Zeuspick one pile. Zeus picked the bones. Since he had given his word, Zeus had to accept that as his share for future sacrifices. In his anger over thetrick, he took fire away from man. However, Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought it back again to man. Zeus was enraged that man again had fire. He decided to inflict a terrible punishment on both man and Prometheus.To punish man, Zeus had Hephaestus create a mortal of stunning beauty. The gods gave the mortal many gifts of wealth. This creation was Pandora, the first woman. A final gift was a jar which Pandora was forbidden to open. When she was completed, Zeus sent her to Epimetheus.Prometheus had warned Epimetheus not to accept gifts from Zeus but, Pandora's beauty was too great and he allowed her to stay. Eventually,Pandora's curiosity about the jar she was forbidden to open became too great. She opened the jar and out flew plagues, sorrow and mischief for mankind. However, the bottom of the jar held one good thing - Hope. It was the only good thing in the jar and remains to this day mankind's sole comfort in misfortune.However, a greater punishment lay in store for Prometheus. Zeus had his servants, Force and Violence, seize Prometheus, take him to Caucasus, and chain him to a rock with unbreakable adamanite chains. Here he was tormented day and night Zeus gave Prometheus two ways out of this torment. He could tell Zeus who the mother of the child that would dethrone him was. Or meet two conditions: First, that an immortal must volunteer to die for Prometheus. Second, that a mortal must kill the eagle and unchain him. Eventually, Chiron the Centaur agreed to die for him and Hercules killed the eagle and unbound him.Prometheus name has stood through the centuries, from Greek days to our own as the great rebel against injustice and authority of power.TitansThe Titans, also known as the elder gods, ruled the earth before the Olympians overthrew them. The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus. Most of the Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus and were punished by being banished to Tartarus., Gaea , Uranus, Cronus , Crius, Rhea , Phoebe, Oceanus , Thea, Tethys , Prometheus, Hyperion , Epimetheus, Mnemosyne , Atlas, Themis , Metis, Iapetus , Dione, CoeusGaeaGaea was Mother Earth. She mated with her son Uranus to produce the remaining Titans. Gaea seemed to have started as a neolithic earth-mother worshipped before the Indo-European invasion that eventually lead to the Hellenistic civilization.UranusUranus was the sky god and first ruler. He was the son of Gaea, who created him without help. He then became the husband of Gaea and together they had many offspring, including the Cyclopes, the Hecatoncheires, and twelve of the Titans.His rule ended when when Cronus, encouraged by Gaea, castrated him. He either died from the wound or withdrew from earth.CronusCronus was the ruling Titan who came to power by castrating his Father Uranus. His wife was Rhea. Their offspring were the first of the Olympians. To insure his safety, Cronus ate each of the children as theywere born. This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her children, tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When he grew up, Zeus would revolt against Cronus and the other Titans, defeat them, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld.Cronus managed to escape to Italy, where he ruled as Saturn. The period of his rule was said to be the golden age on earth, a time of peace and happiness that was honored by the Saturnalia feast. During the golden age, the people of the time had no need for laws or rules; everyone did right and as such, there was no need.RheaRhea was the wife of Cronus. She was the Titan of the earth and fertility. Cronus made it a practice to swallow their children. To avoid this, Rhea tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, saving her son Zeus. Rhea's symbol is the moon. She has another symbol, the swan, because it is a gentle animal. Also, her other symbol is two lions, supposedly the ones that pull her chariot.OceanusOceanus was the Latin word for the ocean, which the Greeks and Romans believed to be an enormous river encircling the world. Strictly speaking, it was the ocean-stream at the Equator in which floatedthe habitable hemisphere. This world-ocean was personified as a Titan, a sonof Uranus and Gaea. Together with his wife Tethys, they produced the rivers and six thousand offsprings called the Oceanids.TethysTethys was the wife of Oceanus. She was mother of the chief riversof the universe, such as the Nile, the Alpheus, the Maeander, and about sixthousand daughters called the Oceanids.HyperionHyperion was the Titan of light, an early sun god. He was the son of Gaea and Uranus. He married his sister Thea. Their children were Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).MnemosyneMnemosyne was the Titan of memory. She slept with Zeus for ninenights and gave birth to the nine Muses.ThemisThemis was the Titan. Her name meaning "law of nature" rather than "human ordinance" was "of good counsel," was the embodiment of divine order, law and custom. She fought with Zeus against the other Titans. She was the mother of the Fates and the Horae (Seasons).IapetusIapetus was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, andAtlas by Clymene.CoeusCoeus was the Titan of Intelligence. He was the father of Leto and Asteria.CruisCruis married his sister Eurybia and became the father of Astraeus, Pallas and Perses.PhoebePhoebe was Titan of the Moon. She was the mother of Leto and Asteria.TheaShe, along with her brother Hyperion, was the mother of Helios,Selene and Eos. She seems here a goddess of glittering in particular and of glory in general.PrometheusPrometheus was the wisest Titan. His name meant "forethought" and he was able to foretell the future. He was the son of Iapetus. When Zeus revolted against Cronus, Prometheus deserted the other Titans and fought on Zeus' side.By some accounts, he and his brother Epimetheus were delegated byZeus to create man. In all accounts, Prometheus was known as theprotector and benefactor of man. He gave mankind a number of gifts including fire. He also tricked Zeus into allowing man to keep the best part of the animals sacrificed to the gods and to give the gods the worst parts. For this Zeus punished Prometheus by having him chained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. He was to be left there for all eternity or until he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeus' children would try to replace him. He was eventually rescued by Hercules without giving in to Zeus.EpimetheusEpimetheus was a stupid Titan, whose name meant "afterthought". He was the son of Iapetus. In some accounts, he was delegated, along with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He also accepted the gift of Pandora from Zeus, which lead to the introduction of evil into the world.AtlasAtlas was the son of Iapetus. Unlike his brothers Prometheus and Epimetheus, Atlas fought with the other Titans supporting Cronus against Zeus. Due to Cronus's advance age, Atlas led the Titan's in battle. As a result, he was singled out by Zeus for a special punishment and was forced to hold up the world on his back.MetisMetis was the Titaness of the forth day and the planet Mercury. She presided over all wisdom and knowledge. She was seduced by Zeus and became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that her second child would replace Zeus. To avoid this Zeus ate her. It was said that she was the source for Zeus' wisdom and that she still advises Zeus from his belly. It may seem odd for Metis to have been pregnant with Athena but, never mentioned as her mother. This was because the classic Greeks believedthat children were generated solely from the father's sperm. The women was thought to be nothing more than a vessel for the fetus to grow in.Since Metis was killed well before Athena's birth, her role doesn't count.OlympiansThe Olympians are a group of 12 gods who ruled after the overthrowof the Titans. All the Olympians are related in some way. They are named after their dwelling place, Mount Olympus. Note that the Roman names for the Olympian Gods are in brackets., Zeus (Jupiter) , Athena (Minerva), Poseidon (Neptune) , Apollo, Hades (Pluto) , Aphrodite (Venus), Hestia (Vesta) , Hermes (Mercury), Hera (Juno) , Artemis (Diana), Ares (Mars) , Hephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber)ZeusZeus (Jupiter) overthrew his Father Cronus to become the supremeruler of the gods. He was lord of the sky, the rain god and the cloud gatherer.His weapon was a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. He was married to Hera but, was famous for his many affairs. An eagle attended him as a minister of his will and for page and cup-bearer he had Ganymede, a boy so beautiful that Zeus had him stolen from Mount Ida to make him immortal in heaven. He was also known topunish those that lie or break oaths. His tree was the oak and hisoracle was at Dodona, the land of the oak trees.Read about Zeus' rise to power in the story of The Creation of the World and Mankind.PoseidonPoseidon (Neptune) was the brother of Zeus. Poseidon was a son of Cronus and Rhea. Like his brothers and sisters except for Zeus, Poseidon was swallowed by his father. Find out more about this in the TheCreation of the World and Mankind.He was the lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by seamen. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of the Titan Oceanus. His weapon was a trident, which could shake the earth, and shatter any object. He was second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. Under the ocean, he had a marvelous golden palace, its grottos adorned with corals and the sea-flowers, and lit with a phosphorescent glow. He rose forth in a chariot drawn by dolphins, sea-horses other marine creatures.HadesHades (Pluto) was the brother of Zeus. He was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He was a greedy god who was greatly concerned with increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead were seen favorably by him. The Erinyes were welcomed guests.He was also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He had a helmet that made him invisible. He rarely left the underworld. He was unpitying and terrible, but not capricious. His wife was Persephone whom Hades abducted. He was the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos.Hades obtained his eventual consort, Persephone, through trickery, a story that connected the ancient Eleusinian Mysteries with the Olympian pantheon. Hades ruled the dead, assisted by demons over whom he had complete authority. He strictly forbade his subjects to leave his domain and would become quite enraged when anyone tried to leave, or if someone tried to steal his prey from him. Very few have gone to the underworld and returned.HestiaHestia (Vesta) was Zeus' sister. She was a virgin goddess. She was the Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the house around which a newborn child was carried before it was received into the family. In the Greek and Roman households, the hearth fire was not allowed to go out, unless itwas ritually extinguished and ritually renewed, accompanied by impressive rituals of completion, purification and renewal. Each city also had apublic hearth sacred to Hestia. Hestia symbolizes the alliance between the colonies and their mother-cities.HeraHera (Juno) was Zeus' wife and sister. She was raised by the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. She was the protector of marriage and takes special care of married women.Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeus' infidelities. Her sacred animals were the cow and the peacock. Her favorite city was Argos.AresAres (Mars) was the son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He was the god of war. He is considered murderous and bloodstained but, also a coward. When caught in an act of adultery with Aphrodite, her husband Hephaestus was able publicly ridicule him. His bird was the vulture. His animal was the dog.AthenaAthena (Minerva) was the daughter of Zeus. She sprang full grown in armor from his forehead, thus has no mother. She was fierce and brave in battle but, only fights to protect the state and home from outside enemies. She was the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. Sheinvented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses, the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot.She was the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity. She was Zeus's favorite child and was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite city was Athens. Her tree was the olive. The owl was her bird. She was a virgin goddess.ApolloApollo was the son of Zeus and Leto. His twin sister was Artemis. He was the god of music, playing a golden lyre. He was the god of the archer, far shooting with a silver bow. The god of healing who taught man medicine. The god of light. The god of truth, who can not speak a lie. Apollowas considered to have dominion over disease, beauty, light, healing, colonists, medicine, archery, poetry, prophecy, dance, reason, intellectualism, and shamans, and was the patron defender of herds and flocks.One of Apollo's more important daily tasks was to harness hischariot with four horses an drive the Sun across the sky. He was famousfor his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from all over the Greek world to divine the future. His tree was the laurel. The crow was his bird. The dolphin was his animal.AphroditeAphrodite (Venus) was the goddess of love, desire and beauty. In addition to her natural gifts, she had a magical girdle that compelled anyoneshe wished to desire her. There were two accounts of her birth.One says she was the daughter of Zeus and Dione.The other went back to the time when Cronus castrated Uranus and tossed his severed genitals into the sea. Aphrodite then arose from the sea foam on a giant scallop and walked to shore in Cyprus.Aphrodite, in many of the myths involving her, is characterized as vain, ill-tempered and easily offended. She was the wife of Hephaestus. The myrtle was her tree. The dove, the swan, and the sparrow were her birds.HermesHermes (Mercury) was the son of Zeus and Maia. He was Zeus' messenger. He was the fastest of the gods. He wore winged sandals, a winged hat, and carried a magic wand. He was the god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators,literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures and invention and commerce in general, of liars, and of the cunning of thieves. He wasthe guide for the dead to go to the underworld. He invented the lyre, the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy , weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics, and the care of olive trees.ArtemisArtemis (Diana) was the daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother was Apollo. She was the lady of the wild things. She was the huntsman of the gods. She was the protector of the young. Like Apollo, she hunted with silver arrows. She became associated with the moon. She was a virgin goddess, and the goddess of chastity. She also presided over childbirth, which may seem odd for a virgin, but goes back to causing Letono pain when she was born. The cypress was her tree. All wildanimals were scared to her, especially the deer.HephaestusHephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber) was the son of Zeus and Hera. Sometimes, it was said that Hera alone produced him and that he had no father. He was the only god to be physically ugly. He was also lame. He was the god of fire and the forge. He was the smith and armorer of the gods.He used a volcano as his forge. He was the patron god of both smiths and weavers. He was kind and peace loving. His wife was Aphrodite.Sometimes, his wife was identified as Aglaia.。
希腊神话故事人物关系图

阿特拉斯
大洋女神 墨提斯
名望女神 克吕墨涅 生下大江大河 大洋神女
太阳神赫里俄斯
月神塞勒涅
爱神厄洛斯
摩涅莫绪涅 福柏
瑞亚
晨光女神厄俄斯 普勒俄涅
海浪泡沫中诞生了阿 弗洛狄忒,爱与美之神
忒弥斯 3 个独眼巨人 3 个百臂巨人
珀耳塞斯
欧律比亚
阿斯特赖俄斯
黑暗之神埃瑞波斯 夜神尼克斯
光明之神埃忒耳 白昼之神赫墨拉
从此世界上充满光明,出 现黑夜与白昼的更替
灶神炉之女神赫斯提亚 农业女神得墨忒尔 天后赫拉 冥王哈迪斯(哈得斯) 海神波塞冬
宙斯
勒托 迈亚
塞墨勒
奥林匹斯十二主神 智慧女神雅典娜 火神赫菲斯托斯 战神阿瑞斯 狩猎女神阿尔忒弥斯 光明之神阿波罗 众神使者赫尔墨斯 酒神狄俄尼索斯 大力神赫拉克勒斯
起源: 无边无际 永远黑暗 的混沌 (Chaos,卡 俄斯或卡 厄斯,原 始神)
12 提坦神、泰坦神
天空、高山、 大海都是地 神所生
海洋蓬托斯
山脉乌瑞亚
先诞生地神 盖亚
大地底下诞生 塔尔塔罗斯 黑暗可ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้的
深渊
生出天神 乌拉诺斯 有了天空
世界由 此创建
了
克洛诺斯
伊阿珀托斯 科俄斯 克利俄斯
许珀里翁 大洋神欧申纳斯 (俄刻阿诺斯)
宙斯的重孙女 阿尔克墨涅 普罗米修斯
厄庇墨透斯
丢卡利翁 皮拉
潘多拉
用粘土做成的第一个女人
西风神仄费洛斯 北风神玻瑞阿斯 东风神欧洛斯 南风神诺托斯
制作:丰哥 2019.3
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希腊罗马诸神关系谱Chaos天王 (地母之子)Uranus == Gaea (地母)(诞下12泰坦和Cyclopes 独眼巨人和Hecatoncheires 百臂巨人)Mnemosyne Themis Cruis记忆神泰坦,与Zous九夜九Muse 律神泰坦,Fates和Horae (Seasons)之母与姐妹Eurybia结婚,育有 Astraeus, Pallas and PersesCronus== Rhea Coeus == Phoebe Ocean== Tethys Hyperion==Thea(sister) 阉其父后统领泰坦大地丰收泰坦智慧泰坦月神泰坦海洋泰坦河神泰坦太阳泰坦闪亮泰坦 Hestia Hades Poseidon Zeus=Hera Demeter= Zeus Leto=Zeus Iapetus Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).灶神冥神海神主神婚姻之神农神Athena Persephone Prometheus Atlas Epimetheus智慧泰坦Mertis (Athena之母) 冥后人的保护神,预言,盗火,好东西,率领抵抗笨神,潘多拉的盒子Ares Hebe Hephaestus 被绑崖上鹰啄肝,大力神救 Zeus, 被罚顶天战神工匠神Apollo Artemis Zeus=Maia Zeus=Dione多才太阳神月亮狩猎女神Hermes Aphrodite信使爱与美神, Zeus (Jupiter) , Athena (Minerva), Poseidon (Neptune) , Apollo, Hades (Pluto) , Aphrodite (Venus), Hestia (Vesta) , Hermes (Mercury), Hera (Juno) , Artemis (Diana), Ares (Mars) , Hephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber)Gaea (地母) == Tartarus (The darkest pit in the world at the edge of the world)五初神 Gaea (地母) == Tartarus God of darkness Erebus = = NyxGoddess of night Erosson of Chaos daughter of chaos(son) Typhon = = Echidna, Aether (god of sky), Hemera (goddess of day),Cerberus (son) Lernean Hydra (daughter) on her own, Nyx gives birthto(the three-headed of hell) (the multiheaded) Momus (blame), Moros (doom), Thanatos (death),Hypnos (sleep), Charon (the ferryman of Hades), the Oneiroi (dreams), the Hesperides, the Keres and Moirae (Fates), Nemesis (retribution), Apate (deception), Philotes (friendship), Geras (age), and Eris (strife), ...concepts occur in the Theogony of Hesiod. First there was Chaosin Hesiod’s system, then Gaea and Eros (Earth and Desire). Chaos, however, did not generate Gaea; the offspring of Chaos were Erebus (Darkness) and Nyx. Nyx begat Aether, the bright upper air, andDay. Nyx later begat the dark and dreadful aspects of the universe (e.g., Dreams, Death, War, and Famine).In Hesiod's Theogony, Nyx is born of Chaos; her offspring are many, and telling. With Erebus the deity of shadow and darkness, Nyx gives birth to Aether (atmosphere) and Hemera (day). Later,. In his description of Tartarus, Hesiod says further that Hemera (day), who is Nyx's daughter, left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left. This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri (night) in the Rigveda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas (dawn).Nyx by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1883)Erebus ConsortChaos Parents[1]Erebus, Gaia, Tartarus and Eros Siblingssee below ChildrenHypnosHypnos and Thánatos, Sleep and His Half-Brother Death by John William Waterhouse.God of Sleep Underworld AbodePoppy SymbolPasithea ConsortNyx ParentsThánatos, Morpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos SiblingsMorpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos (according to Ovid) ChildrenRoman equivalentThe Creation of the World and MankindThis story is written by both Aeschylus and Hesiod.In the beginning, there was formless confusion of Chaos brooded over the unbroken darkness. Then out of the void appeared Erebus, the unknowable place where death dwells, and Night (Nyx). All else was empty, silent, endless, darkness. Then somehow Love (Eros) was born bringing a start of order. From Love came Light and Day. Once there was Light and Day, Gaea, the earth appeared.Gaea alone gave birth to Uranus, the god of the heavens. Uranus became Gaea's mate. Together they produced the three Cyclopes, the three Hecatoncheires, and twelve Titans.But, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He hated the Hecatoncheires. He imprisoned them by pushing them into the hiddenplaces of the earth, Gaea's womb. This angered Gaea and she plotted against Uranus. She made a flint sickle and tried to get her children to attack Uranus. Allwere too afraid except, the youngest Titan, Cronus.Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush of Uranus as he lay with Gaea at night. Cronus grabbed his father and castrated him, with the stone sickle, throwing the severed genitals into the ocean. The fate of Uranus is not clear. He either died, withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself toItaly. As he departed, he promised that Cronus and the Titans wouldbe punished. From his spilt blood came the Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinyes. From the sea foam where his genitals fell came Aphrodite.Cronus became the next ruler. He imprisoned the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires in Tartarus. He married his sister Rhea, and under his rule the Titans had many offspring. He ruled for many ages. However, Gaea and Uranus both had prophesied that he would be overthrown by a son. To avoid this Cronus swallowed each of his children as they were born. Rhea was angry at the treatment of the children and plotted againstCronus. When it came time to give birth to her sixth child, Rhea tricked Cronus. She secretly carried the child to Crete and then wrapped a stonein swaddling cloths. Cronus, thinking it was a baby, ate the stone.The child was Zeus. He grew into a handsome youth on Crete. He consulted Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepared a drink for Cronus which would force him to vomit up the five other children. Rhea convinced Cronus to accept his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronus's cupbearer. This gave Zeus the opportunity to slip Cronus the specially prepared drink. This worked as planned and the other five children were vomited up. Being gods they were unharmed. They were thankful to Zeus and made him their leader.Cronus was yet to be defeated. He and the Titans, except Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Oceanus, fought to retain their power. Atlas becametheirleader in battle and it looked for some time as though they wouldwin and put the young gods down. However, Zeus was had other plans. He went down to Tartarus and freed the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires. Prometheus joined Zeus as well. He returned to battle with his new allies. The Cyclopes provided Zeus with lighting bolts for weapons. The Hecatoncheires he set in ambush armed with boulders. When the time was right, Zeus retreated drawing the Titans into the Hecatoncheires's ambush. The Hecatoncheires rained down hundreds of boulders with such afury the Titans thought the mountains were falling on them. Theybroke and ran giving Zeus victory.Zeus exiled the Titans who had fought against him into Tartarus. All except for Atlas, who was singled out for the special punishment of holding the world on his shoulders.However, even after this victory Zeus was not safe. Gaea, angry that her children had been imprisoned, gave birth to a last offspring, Typhoeus. Typhoeus was a creature more terrible than any that had gone before. However, Zeus, having learned to control thunder and lightning stuck Typhoeus down. Typhoeus was buried under Mount Etna in Sicily.Much later a final challenge to Zeus rule was made by the Giants. They went so far as to attempt to invade Mount Olympus, piling mountain upon mountain in an effort to reach the top. But, the gods had grown strong and with the help of Hercules, the Giants were subdued or killed. Now, the world, having been cleared of all the monsters, was ready for mankind. Prometheus and Epimetheus were spared imprisonment in Tartarus because they did not fight with their fellow Titans during the war with the Olympians. They were given the task of creating man. Epimetheus was in charge of the task of giving the creatures of theearth their various qualities, such as swiftness, cunning, strength, fur, wings.Unfortunately, by the time he got to man Epimetheus had given allthe good qualities out and there were none left for man. So he turned toPrometheus for help. Prometheus took over the task of creation and sought a way to make man superior. He made man stand upright like thethegods did and gave them fire.Prometheus loved man more than the Olympians, who had banished mostof his family to Tartarus. Because of Prometheus' love of man, Zeus created women. So when Zeus decreed that man must present a portion of each animal they sacrificed to the gods, Prometheus decided to trick Zeus. He created two piles, one with the bones wrapped injuicy fat, the other with the good meat hidden in the hide. He then made Zeuspick one pile. Zeus picked the bones. Since he had given his word, Zeus had to accept that as his share for future sacrifices. In his anger over thetrick, he took fire away from man. However, Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought it back again to man. Zeus was enraged that man again had fire. He decided to inflict a terrible punishment on both man and Prometheus.To punish man, Zeus had Hephaestus create a mortal of stunning beauty. The gods gave the mortal many gifts of wealth. This creation was Pandora, the first woman. A final gift was a jar which Pandora was forbidden to open. When she was completed, Zeus sent her to Epimetheus.Prometheus had warned Epimetheus not to accept gifts from Zeus but, Pandora's beauty was too great and he allowed her to stay. Eventually,Pandora's curiosity about the jar she was forbidden to open became too great. She opened the jar and out flew plagues, sorrow and mischief for mankind. However, the bottom of the jar held one good thing - Hope. It was the only good thing in the jar and remains to this day mankind's sole comfort in misfortune.However, a greater punishment lay in store for Prometheus. Zeus had his servants, Force and Violence, seize Prometheus, take him to Caucasus, and chain him to a rock with unbreakable adamanite chains. Here he was tormented day and night Zeus gave Prometheus two ways out of this torment. He could tell Zeus who the mother of the child that would dethrone him was. Or meet two conditions: First, that an immortal must volunteer to die for Prometheus. Second, that a mortal must kill the eagle and unchain him. Eventually, Chiron the Centaur agreed to die for him and Hercules killed the eagle and unbound him.Prometheus name has stood through the centuries, from Greek days to our own as the great rebel against injustice and authority of power.TitansThe Titans, also known as the elder gods, ruled the earth before the Olympians overthrew them. The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus. Most of the Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus and were punished by being banished to Tartarus., Gaea , Uranus, Cronus , Crius, Rhea , Phoebe, Oceanus , Thea, Tethys , Prometheus, Hyperion , Epimetheus, Mnemosyne , Atlas, Themis , Metis, Iapetus , Dione, CoeusGaeaGaea was Mother Earth. She mated with her son Uranus to produce the remaining Titans. Gaea seemed to have started as a neolithic earth-mother worshipped before the Indo-European invasion that eventually lead to the Hellenistic civilization.UranusUranus was the sky god and first ruler. He was the son of Gaea, who created him without help. He then became the husband of Gaea and together they had many offspring, including the Cyclopes, the Hecatoncheires, and twelve of the Titans.His rule ended when when Cronus, encouraged by Gaea, castrated him. He either died from the wound or withdrew from earth.CronusCronus was the ruling Titan who came to power by castrating his Father Uranus. His wife was Rhea. Their offspring were the first of the Olympians. To insure his safety, Cronus ate each of the children as theywere born. This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her children, tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When he grew up, Zeus would revolt against Cronus and the other Titans, defeat them, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld.Cronus managed to escape to Italy, where he ruled as Saturn. The period of his rule was said to be the golden age on earth, a time of peace and happiness that was honored by the Saturnalia feast. During the golden age, the people of the time had no need for laws or rules; everyone did right and as such, there was no need.RheaRhea was the wife of Cronus. She was the Titan of the earth and fertility. Cronus made it a practice to swallow their children. To avoid this, Rhea tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, saving her son Zeus. Rhea's symbol is the moon. She has another symbol, the swan, because it is a gentle animal. Also, her other symbol is two lions, supposedly the ones that pull her chariot.OceanusOceanus was the Latin word for the ocean, which the Greeks and Romans believed to be an enormous river encircling the world. Strictly speaking, it was the ocean-stream at the Equator in which floatedthe habitable hemisphere. This world-ocean was personified as a Titan, a sonof Uranus and Gaea. Together with his wife Tethys, they produced the rivers and six thousand offsprings called the Oceanids.TethysTethys was the wife of Oceanus. She was mother of the chief riversof the universe, such as the Nile, the Alpheus, the Maeander, and about sixthousand daughters called the Oceanids.HyperionHyperion was the Titan of light, an early sun god. He was the son of Gaea and Uranus. He married his sister Thea. Their children were Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).MnemosyneMnemosyne was the Titan of memory. She slept with Zeus for ninenights and gave birth to the nine Muses.ThemisThemis was the Titan. Her name meaning "law of nature" rather than "human ordinance" was "of good counsel," was the embodiment of divine order, law and custom. She fought with Zeus against the other Titans. She was the mother of the Fates and the Horae (Seasons).IapetusIapetus was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, andAtlas by Clymene.CoeusCoeus was the Titan of Intelligence. He was the father of Leto and Asteria.CruisCruis married his sister Eurybia and became the father of Astraeus, Pallas and Perses.PhoebePhoebe was Titan of the Moon. She was the mother of Leto and Asteria.TheaShe, along with her brother Hyperion, was the mother of Helios,Selene and Eos. She seems here a goddess of glittering in particular and of glory in general.PrometheusPrometheus was the wisest Titan. His name meant "forethought" and he was able to foretell the future. He was the son of Iapetus. When Zeus revolted against Cronus, Prometheus deserted the other Titans and fought on Zeus' side.By some accounts, he and his brother Epimetheus were delegated byZeus to create man. In all accounts, Prometheus was known as theprotector and benefactor of man. He gave mankind a number of gifts including fire. He also tricked Zeus into allowing man to keep the best part of the animals sacrificed to the gods and to give the gods the worst parts. For this Zeus punished Prometheus by having him chained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. He was to be left there for all eternity or until he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeus' children would try to replace him. He was eventually rescued by Hercules without giving in to Zeus.EpimetheusEpimetheus was a stupid Titan, whose name meant "afterthought". He was the son of Iapetus. In some accounts, he was delegated, along with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He also accepted the gift of Pandora from Zeus, which lead to the introduction of evil into the world.AtlasAtlas was the son of Iapetus. Unlike his brothers Prometheus and Epimetheus, Atlas fought with the other Titans supporting Cronus against Zeus. Due to Cronus's advance age, Atlas led the Titan's in battle. As a result, he was singled out by Zeus for a special punishment and was forced to hold up the world on his back.MetisMetis was the Titaness of the forth day and the planet Mercury. She presided over all wisdom and knowledge. She was seduced by Zeus and became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that her second child would replace Zeus. To avoid this Zeus ate her. It was said that she was the source for Zeus' wisdom and that she still advises Zeus from his belly. It may seem odd for Metis to have been pregnant with Athena but, never mentioned as her mother. This was because the classic Greeks believedthat children were generated solely from the father's sperm. The women was thought to be nothing more than a vessel for the fetus to grow in.Since Metis was killed well before Athena's birth, her role doesn't count.OlympiansThe Olympians are a group of 12 gods who ruled after the overthrowof the Titans. All the Olympians are related in some way. They are named after their dwelling place, Mount Olympus. Note that the Roman names for the Olympian Gods are in brackets., Zeus (Jupiter) , Athena (Minerva), Poseidon (Neptune) , Apollo, Hades (Pluto) , Aphrodite (Venus), Hestia (Vesta) , Hermes (Mercury), Hera (Juno) , Artemis (Diana), Ares (Mars) , Hephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber)ZeusZeus (Jupiter) overthrew his Father Cronus to become the supremeruler of the gods. He was lord of the sky, the rain god and the cloud gatherer.His weapon was a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. He was married to Hera but, was famous for his many affairs. An eagle attended him as a minister of his will and for page and cup-bearer he had Ganymede, a boy so beautiful that Zeus had him stolen from Mount Ida to make him immortal in heaven. He was also known topunish those that lie or break oaths. His tree was the oak and hisoracle was at Dodona, the land of the oak trees.Read about Zeus' rise to power in the story of The Creation of the World and Mankind.PoseidonPoseidon (Neptune) was the brother of Zeus. Poseidon was a son of Cronus and Rhea. Like his brothers and sisters except for Zeus, Poseidon was swallowed by his father. Find out more about this in the TheCreation of the World and Mankind.He was the lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by seamen. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of the Titan Oceanus. His weapon was a trident, which could shake the earth, and shatter any object. He was second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. Under the ocean, he had a marvelous golden palace, its grottos adorned with corals and the sea-flowers, and lit with a phosphorescent glow. He rose forth in a chariot drawn by dolphins, sea-horses other marine creatures.HadesHades (Pluto) was the brother of Zeus. He was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He was a greedy god who was greatly concerned with increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead were seen favorably by him. The Erinyes were welcomed guests.He was also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He had a helmet that made him invisible. He rarely left the underworld. He was unpitying and terrible, but not capricious. His wife was Persephone whom Hades abducted. He was the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos.Hades obtained his eventual consort, Persephone, through trickery, a story that connected the ancient Eleusinian Mysteries with the Olympian pantheon. Hades ruled the dead, assisted by demons over whom he had complete authority. He strictly forbade his subjects to leave his domain and would become quite enraged when anyone tried to leave, or if someone tried to steal his prey from him. Very few have gone to the underworld and returned.HestiaHestia (Vesta) was Zeus' sister. She was a virgin goddess. She was the Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the house around which a newborn child was carried before it was received into the family. In the Greek and Roman households, the hearth fire was not allowed to go out, unless itwas ritually extinguished and ritually renewed, accompanied by impressive rituals of completion, purification and renewal. Each city also had apublic hearth sacred to Hestia. Hestia symbolizes the alliance between the colonies and their mother-cities.HeraHera (Juno) was Zeus' wife and sister. She was raised by the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. She was the protector of marriage and takes special care of married women.Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeus' infidelities. Her sacred animals were the cow and the peacock. Her favorite city was Argos.AresAres (Mars) was the son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He was the god of war. He is considered murderous and bloodstained but, also a coward. When caught in an act of adultery with Aphrodite, her husband Hephaestus was able publicly ridicule him. His bird was the vulture. His animal was the dog.AthenaAthena (Minerva) was the daughter of Zeus. She sprang full grown in armor from his forehead, thus has no mother. She was fierce and brave in battle but, only fights to protect the state and home from outside enemies. She was the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. Sheinvented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses, the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot.She was the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity. She was Zeus's favorite child and was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite city was Athens. Her tree was the olive. The owl was her bird. She was a virgin goddess.ApolloApollo was the son of Zeus and Leto. His twin sister was Artemis. He was the god of music, playing a golden lyre. He was the god of the archer, far shooting with a silver bow. The god of healing who taught man medicine. The god of light. The god of truth, who can not speak a lie. Apollowas considered to have dominion over disease, beauty, light, healing, colonists, medicine, archery, poetry, prophecy, dance, reason, intellectualism, and shamans, and was the patron defender of herds and flocks.One of Apollo's more important daily tasks was to harness hischariot with four horses an drive the Sun across the sky. He was famousfor his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from all over the Greek world to divine the future. His tree was the laurel. The crow was his bird. The dolphin was his animal.AphroditeAphrodite (Venus) was the goddess of love, desire and beauty. In addition to her natural gifts, she had a magical girdle that compelled anyoneshe wished to desire her. There were two accounts of her birth.One says she was the daughter of Zeus and Dione.The other went back to the time when Cronus castrated Uranus and tossed his severed genitals into the sea. Aphrodite then arose from the sea foam on a giant scallop and walked to shore in Cyprus.Aphrodite, in many of the myths involving her, is characterized as vain, ill-tempered and easily offended. She was the wife of Hephaestus. The myrtle was her tree. The dove, the swan, and the sparrow were her birds.HermesHermes (Mercury) was the son of Zeus and Maia. He was Zeus' messenger. He was the fastest of the gods. He wore winged sandals, a winged hat, and carried a magic wand. He was the god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators,literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures and invention and commerce in general, of liars, and of the cunning of thieves. He wasthe guide for the dead to go to the underworld. He invented the lyre, the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy , weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics, and the care of olive trees.ArtemisArtemis (Diana) was the daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother was Apollo. She was the lady of the wild things. She was the huntsman of the gods. She was the protector of the young. Like Apollo, she hunted with silver arrows. She became associated with the moon. She was a virgin goddess, and the goddess of chastity. She also presided over childbirth, which may seem odd for a virgin, but goes back to causing Letono pain when she was born. The cypress was her tree. All wildanimals were scared to her, especially the deer.HephaestusHephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber) was the son of Zeus and Hera. Sometimes, it was said that Hera alone produced him and that he had no father. He was the only god to be physically ugly. He was also lame. He was the god of fire and the forge. He was the smith and armorer of the gods.He used a volcano as his forge. He was the patron god of both smiths and weavers. He was kind and peace loving. His wife was Aphrodite.Sometimes, his wife was identified as Aglaia.。