鼻咽部断层解剖图

借花献佛------刘国清（广东省中医院影像中心，2010.11）1 Orbicularis oris muscle（口轮匝肌）2 Levator labii superioris muscle（提上唇肌）3 Maxilla (palatine process) and incisive canal（上颌骨和门齿管）4 Levator anguli oris muscle（提口角肌）5 Maxillary sinus（上颌窦）6 Major zygomaticus muscle（颧大肌）7 Soft palate（软腭）8 Masseter muscle（咬肌）9 Nasopharynx（鼻咽）10 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼内肌）11 Temporal muscle（颞肌）12 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆张肌）13 Lateral pterygoid muscle（翼外肌）14 Mandibular nerve (V3)（下颌神经）15 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)（咽鼓管）(torus levatorius)（提肌圆枕/咽鼓管圆枕）16 Maxillary artery（上颌动脉）17 Longus capitis muscle（头长肌）18 Retromandibular vein（下颌后静脉）19 Ramus of mandible（下颌支）20 Levator veli palatini muscle（腭帆提肌）21 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)（舌咽神经）22 Occipital bone, basilar part(basion)（枕骨/枕骨斜坡）23 Internal carotid artery（颈内动脉）24 Parotid gland（腮腺）25 Vagus nerve (X)（迷走神经）26 Internal jugular vein（颈内静脉）(superior bulb)（颈静脉上球）27 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)（舌下神经）28 Vertebral artery（椎动脉）29 Interpeduncular cistern（脚间池）30 Sigmoid sinus（乙状窦）31 Mastoid cells（乳突小房）32 Medulla oblongata(延髓)33 Vermis (小脑蚓部)34 Tonsil of cerebellum（小脑扁桃体）35 Occipital bone（枕骨）36 Cerebellar hemisphere（小脑半球）(posterior lobe)（后叶）37 Cisterna magna （枕大池）(posterior cerebellomedullary cistern)（小脑延髓池）38 Semispinalis capitis muscle（头半棘肌）1 Orbicularis oris muscle（口轮匝肌）2 Levator anguli oris muscle（提上唇肌）3 Maxilla (alveolar process) (上颌骨)4 Hard palate(硬腭)5 Buccinator muscle（颊肌）6 Zygomaticus muscle（颧肌）7 Soft palate（软额）8 Facial artery（面动脉）9 Lateral pterygoid muscle（翼外肌）10 Masseter muscle（咬肌）11 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼内肌）12 Temporal muscle（颞肌）13 Levator veli palatini muscle（腭帆提肌）14 Ramus of mandible（下颌支）15 Splenius capitis muscle（头夹肌）16 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆张肌）17 Longus capitis muscle（头长肌）18 Nasopharynx（鼻咽）19 Anterior arch of atlas（寰椎前弓）20 Internal carotid artery（颈内动脉）21 Internal jugular vein（颈内静脉）22 Parotid gland（腮腺）23 Retromandibular vein（下颌后静脉）24 Vagus nerve (X)（迷走神经）25 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle（头外侧直肌）26 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)（舌下神经）27 Medulla oblongata（延髓）28 Accessory nerve (XI)（副神经）29 Mastoid cells (mastoid process)（乳突小房）30 Occipital bone, basilar part(basion)（枕骨斜坡）31 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)（二腹肌/后腹）32 Interpeduncular cistern（脚间池）33 Splenius capitis muscle（头夹肌）34 Condylar canal with emissary veins（髁管静脉）35 Tonsil of cerebellum（小脑扁桃体）36 Vertebral artery（椎动脉）37 Occipital bone（枕骨）38 Cerebellar hemisphere(posterior lobe)（小脑半球/后叶）39 Semispinalis capitis muscle（头半棘肌）40 Cisterna magna (posterior cerebellomedullary cistern)（枕大池/小脑延髓池）1 Orbicularis oris muscle（口轮匝肌）2 Levator anguli oris muscle（提上唇肌）3 Hard palate（硬腭）4 Maxilla (alveolar process)（上颌骨）5 Facial artery（面动脉）6 Buccinator muscle（颊肌）7 Soft palate（软腭）8 Masseter muscle（咬肌）9 Lateral pterygoid muscle（翼外肌）10 Ramus of mandible（下颌支）11 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼内肌）12 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆张肌）13 Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽上缩肌）14 Pharynx（鼻咽）15 Longus capitis muscle（头长肌）16 Internal carotid artery（颈内动脉）17 Atlas (anterior arch)（寰椎前弓）18 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)（舌咽神经）19 Maxillary artery and vein（上颌动脉与静脉）20 Vagus nerve (X)（迷走神经）21 Retromandibular vein（下颌后静脉）22 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)（舌下神经）23Internal jugular vein（颈内静脉）24 Accessory nerve (XI)（副神经）25 Parotid gland（腮腺）26 Atlas, transverse process（寰椎横突）27 Dens of axis（齿状突）28 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)（二腹肌/后腹）29 Medulla oblongata（延髓）30 Transverse ligament of atlas（寰椎横韧带）31 Vertebral artery（椎动脉）32 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle（头外侧直肌）33 Atlas, posterior arch（寰椎后弓）34 Obliquus capitis superior muscle（头上斜肌）35 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle（头后小直肌）36 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle（头下斜肌）37 Semispinalis capitis muscle（头半棘肌）38 Splenius capitis muscle（头夹肌）1 Upper lip（上唇）2 Incisors (1 and 2 left)（门牙）3 Orbicularis oris muscle（口轮匝肌）4 Canine tooth (3 left)（尖牙）5 Levator anguli oris muscle（提上唇肌）6 Premolar teeth (4 and 5 left)(前磨牙)7 Tongue（舌）8 Molar teeth (6,7 and 8)（磨牙）9 Buccinator muscle（颊肌）10 Facial artery（面动脉）11 Uvula（悬壅垂）12 Masseter muscle（咬肌）13 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆张肌）14 Ramus of mandible with alveolar canal（下颌支管与下颌骨牙槽）15 Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽上缩肌）16 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼内肌）17 Longus capitis muscle（头长肌）18 Oropharynx（口咽）19 Styloglossus muscle（茎突舌肌）20 Pharyngeal venous plexus（咽静脉丛）21 Stylopharyngeus muscle（茎突咽肌）22 Parotid gland and retromandibular vein（腮腺和下颌后静脉）23 Maxillary artery（上颌动脉）24 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)（舌咽神经）25 Internal carotid artery（颈内动脉）26 Hypoglossus nerve (XII)（舌下神经）27 Atlas (anterior arch)（寰椎前弓）28 Vagus nerve (X)（迷走神经）29 Transverse process and foramen transversarium（横突孔）30 Accessory nerve (XI)（副神经）31 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)（二腹肌后腹）32 Atlas, lateral mass（寰椎侧块）33 Sternocleidomastoid muscle（胸锁乳突肌）34 Dens of axis（齿状突）35 Spinal cord（脊髓）36 Transverse ligament of atlas（寰椎横韧带）37 Deep cervical veins（颈深静脉）38 Longissimus capitis muscle（头最长肌）39 Trapezius muscle（斜方肌）40 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle（头下斜肌）41 Semispinalis capitis muscle（头半棘肌）42 Splenius capitis muscle（头夹肌）43 Nuchal ligament（项韧带）1 Palatine tonsil（腭扁桃体）2 Foramen magnum（枕大孔）3 Vomer（犁骨）4 Anterior longitudinal ligament（前纵韧带）5 Nasopharynx and longus colli muscle（鼻咽部肌肉及颈长肌）6 Apical ligament of dens（齿突尖韧带）7 Hard palate（硬腭）8 Tectorial membrane（盖膜）9 Incisive canal（切牙管）10 Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane（寰枕后膜）11 Orbicularis oris muscle（口轮匝肌）12 Anterior arch of atlas（寰椎前弓）13 Soft palate（软腭）14 Suboccipital fatty tissue（枕骨脂肪组织）15 Superior longitudinal muscle of tongue and oral cavity（上纵肌舌和口腔）16 Transverse ligament of atlas(of cruciform ligament of atlas)（寰椎横韧带/寰椎十字韧带）17 Transverse muscle of tongue（舌横肌）18 Dens of axis (C2)（枢椎齿状突）19 Genioglossus muscle and lingual septum（颏舌肌和舌隔肌）20 Nuchal ligament（项韧带）21 Mandible（下颌骨）22 Ligamentum flavum（黄韧带）23 Oropharynx（口咽）24 Interspinalis muscles（棘间肌）25 Geniohyoid muscle（颏舌骨肌）26 Transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles（杓状软骨横肌/斜肌）27 Mylohyoid muscle（下颔舌骨肌）28 Vertebra C6 and intervertebral disc（第6颈椎和椎间盘）29 Hyoid bone（舌骨）30 Larynx (lamina)（喉）31 Epiglottis（会厌）32 Spinous process of C7（第7颈椎棘突）33 Epiglottic vallecula（会厌谷）34 Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽下缩肌）35 Thyroid cartilage（甲状软骨）36 Spinal cord（脊髓）37 Vestibular ligament and laryngeal ventricle (ventricle of Morgagni)（前庭韧带及喉室）38 Spinous process（棘突）39 Vocal ligament (false vocal cord)（声韧带/假声带）40 Posterior longitudinal ligament（后纵韧带）41 Sternothyroid muscle（胸骨甲状肌）42 Anterior longitudinal ligament（前纵韧带）43 Thyroid gland（甲状腺）44 Esophagus（食道）45 Trachea（气管）46 Brachiocephalic artery（头臂干动脉）1 Levator veli palatini muscle（腭帆提肌）2 Semispinalis capitis muscle（头半棘肌）3 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼内肌）4 Atlas (lateral mass)（寰椎侧块）5 Longus capitis muscle（头长肌）6 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle（头后小直肌）7 Maxilla（上颌骨）8 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle（头后大直肌）9 Orbicularis oris muscle（口轮匝肌）10 Inferior oblique muscle（下斜肌）11 Palatine tonsil（腭扁桃体）12 Splenius capitis muscle（头夹肌）13 Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽上缩肌）14 Spinal nerve root (C3)（颈3脊神经根）15 Tongue（舌）16 Inferior articular process（下关节突）17 Sublingual gland（舌下腺）18 Trapezius muscle(descending part)（斜方肌降段）19 Mandible（下颌骨）20 Superior articular process（上关节突）21 Palatopharyngeus muscle（咽腭肌）22 Vertebral artery（椎动脉）23 Mylohoid muscle（颔舌骨肌）24 Multifidus muscle（多裂肌）25 Digastric muscle (anterior belly)（二腹肌前腹）26 Semispinalis cervicis muscle（颈半棘肌）27 Hyoid bone（舌骨）28 Longus colli muscle（颈长肌）29 Pharynx and epiglottic vallecula（会厌谷）30 Spinal nerve root (T1)（胸1脊神经根）31 Thyroid cartilage（甲状软骨）32 Serratus posterior superior muscle（后上锯肌）33 Cricoid cartilage（环状软骨）34 Trapezius muscle（斜方肌）35 Platysma（颈阔肌）36 Splenius cervicis muscle（颈夹肌）37 Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽下缩肌）38 Left subclavian artery（左锁骨下动脉）39 Thyroid gland（甲状腺）40 Left lung（左肺）41 Sternohyoid muscle（胸骨舌骨肌）42 Rhomboid (major and minor) muscle（大小菱形肌）43 Common carotid artery（颈总动脉）44 Aortic arch（主动脉弓）45 Left brachiocephalic vein（左侧头臂干静脉）1 Maxillary sinus（上颌窦）2 Internal carotid artery (carotid syphon)（颈内静脉虹吸段）3 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼内肌）4 Mandibular nerve（下颌神经）5 Levator labii superioris muscle（腭帆提肌）6 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)（咽鼓管）7 Digastric muscle（二腹肌）8 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle（头外侧直肌）9 Mylohyoid muscle（下颌舌骨肌）10 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆张肌）11 Orbicularis orbis muscle（口轮匝肌）12 Obliquus capitis superior muscle（头上斜肌）13 Mandible（下颌骨）14 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle（头后大直肌）15 Submandibular gland（下颌下腺）16 Atlas (transverse process)（寰椎横突）17 Facial vein（面静脉）18 Semispinalis capitis muscle（头半棘肌）19 Longus colli muscle（头长肌）20 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle（头下斜肌）21 Platysma（颈阔肌）22 Vertebral artery（椎动脉）23 Transverse processes and spinal nerve roots（横突和脊神经根）24 Internal carotid artery（颈内动脉）25 Common carotid artery（颈总动脉）26 Semispinalis cervicis muscle（颈半棘肌）27 Scalenus anterior muscle（前斜角肌）28 Scalenus posterior muscle（后斜角肌）29 Sternocleidomastoid muscle（胸锁乳突肌）30 Splenius capitis muscle（头夹肌）31 Thyroid gland（甲状腺）32 Trapezius muscle（斜方肌）33 Subclavian artery（锁骨下动脉）34 First rib（第1肋）35 Internal jugular vein（颈内静脉）36 Semispinalis cervicis muscle（颈半棘肌）37 Subclavian vein (left)（左锁骨下静脉）38 Rhomboid (major and minor) muscle（大小菱形肌）39 Clavicle（锁骨）40 Interspinalis muscle（棘间肌）41 Brachiocephalic vein (left)（头臂干静脉）42 Serratus anterior muscle（前锯肌）43 Lung (left)（左肺）1 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)(蝶骨小翼)2 Levator palpebrae superioris muscle（提上睑肌）3 Ethmoidal cells (anterior)（前组筛窦小房）4 Superior rectus muscle（上直肌）5 Temporal muscle（颞肌）6 Superior oblique muscle（上斜肌）7 Nasal septum（鼻中隔）8 Optic nerve (II)（视神经）9 Middle nasal concha（中鼻甲）10 Lateral rectus muscle（外直肌）11 Inferior nasal concha（下鼻甲）12 Medial rectus muscle（内直肌）13 Mandible（上腭）14 Inferior rectus muscle（下直肌）15 Longitudinal muscle of tongue（舌纵肌）16 Zygomatic bone (temporal process)（颧骨颞突）17 Masseter muscle（咬肌）18 Maxillary sinus（上颌窦）19 Lingual septum（舌中隔）20 Hard palate（硬腭）21 Mandible（下颌骨）22 Buccinator muscle（颊肌）23 Mylohoid muscle（下颌舌骨肌）24 Transverse muscle of tongue（舌横肌）25 Digastric muscle (anterior belly)（二腹肌前腹）26 Hypoglossus muscle（舌下肌）27 Platysma（颈阔肌）28 Genioglossus muscle（颏舌肌）29 Vestibular fold（前庭襞）30 Geniohyoid muscle（颏舌骨肌）31 Glottis（声门）32 Thyrohyoid muscle（甲状舌骨肌）33 Thyroid cartilage（甲状软骨）34 Laryngeal ventricle（喉室）35 Infraglottic cavity（生门下腔）36 Vocalis muscle（声带肌）37 Trachea（气管）38 Cricoid cartilage（环状软骨）39 Sternohyoid muscle（胸骨舌骨肌）1 Superior orbital fissure眶上裂2 Optic nerve (II)视神经3 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)蝶骨小翼4 Trochlear nerve (IV)滑车神经5 Temporal bone颞骨6 Frontal nerve额神经7 Foramen rotundum with maxillary nerve (V2)圆孔与上颌神经8 Superior ophthalmic vein眼上静脉9 Pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窝10 Sphenoidal sinus蝶窦11 Dorsal nasal cavity and nasal septum后鼻腔和鼻中隔12 Zygomatic bone (temporal process)颧骨颞突13 Pterygoid fossa翼窝14 Temporal muscle颞肌15 Lateral pterygoid process外侧翼状突16 Maxillary artery上颌动脉17 Medial pterygoid process内侧翼状突18 Facial nerve (VII)面神经19 Soft palate软腭20 Medial pterygoid muscle翼内肌21 Mandible (ramus)下颌骨下支22 Longitudinal muscle of tongue舌纵肌23 Masseter muscle咬肌24 Transverse muscle of tongue舌横肌25 Hypoglossus muscle舌下肌26 Facial artery面动脉27 Submandibular gland下颌下腺28 Mylohoid muscle下颌舌骨肌29 Vertical muscle of tongue舌垂直肌30 Platysma颈阔肌31 Lingual septum舌中隔32 Hyoid bone舌骨33 Thyrohyoid muscle甲状舌骨肌34 Geniohyoid muscle颏舌骨肌35 Laryngeal ventricle喉室36 Thyroid cartilage甲状软骨37 Infraglottic cavity声门下腔38 Cricoid cartilage环状软骨39 Larynx喉头40 Cricothyroid muscle环甲肌41 Anterior jugular vein颈前静脉42 Sternohyoid muscle胸骨舌骨肌43 Suprasternal space胸骨上间隙44 Clavicle锁骨45 Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节1 Temporal muscle颞肌2 Sphenoidal sinus蝶窦3 Vomer犁骨4 Zygomatic bone (temporal process)颧骨颞突5 Sphenoidal bone (greater wing)蝶骨大翼6 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube) (cartilage)咽鼓管/耳咽管/咽鼓管软骨7 Lateral and medial plates of pterygoid process外侧和内侧翼突板8 Lateral pterygoid muscle翼外肌9 Peripharyngeal space咽周间隙10 Nasopharynx鼻咽11 Masseter muscle咬肌12 Levator veli palatini muscle腭帆提肌13 Oropharynx口咽14 Medial pterygoid muscle翼内肌15 Transverse muscle of tongue舌纵肌16 Soft palate软腭17 Hypoglossus muscle舌下肌18 Mandible下颌骨19 Digastric muscle二腹肌20 Genioglossus muscle颏舌肌21 Facial artery面动脉22 Submandibular gland下颌下腺23 Epiglottic vallecula会厌谷24 Hyoid bone (greater horn)舌骨大角25 Laryngeal vestibule喉室26 Platysma颈阔肌27 Piriform recess梨状隐窝28 Aryepiglottic muscle with aryepiglottic fold声门肌及声门皱襞29 Omohyoid muscle肩胛舌骨肌30 Thyroid cartilage甲状软骨31 Thyroarytenoid muscle甲杓肌32 Arytenoid cartilage杓状软骨33 Sternocleidomastoid muscle胸锁乳突肌34 Trachea气管35 Anterior jugular vein颈前静脉36 Thyroid gland甲状腺37 Clavicle锁骨38 Inferior thyroid veins甲状腺下静脉1 Temporal muscle颞肌2 Sphenoidal sinus蝶窦3 Sphenoidal bone (greater wing)蝶骨大翼4 Oropharynx口咽5 Zygomatic bone颧骨6 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)(cartilage)咽鼓管7 Pharyngeal tonsil咽扁桃体8 Lateral pterygoid muscle翼外肌9 Torus tubarius咽鼓管圆枕10 Tensor veli palatini muscle腭帆张肌11 Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube咽鼓管咽口12 Maxillary artery上颌动脉13 Parotid gland腮腺14 Levator veli palatini muscle腭帆提肌15 Inferior alveolar nerve下牙槽神经16 Medial pterygoid muscle翼内肌17 Masseter muscle咬肌18 Soft palate and uvula软腭和悬雍垂19 Ramus of mandible下颌支20 Palatopharyngeus muscle咽腭肌21 Styloglossus muscle茎突舌肌22 Facial artery面动脉23 Oropharynx口咽24 Palatine tonsil腭扁桃体25 Hyoid bone舌骨26 Digastric muscle二腹肌27 Epiglottic vallecula会厌谷28 Submandibular gland下颌下腺29 Epiglottis会厌30 Laryngeal inlet喉入口31 External carotid artery颈外动脉32 Internal carotid artery颈内动脉33 Thyroid cartilage甲状软骨34 Interarytenoid notch杓状软骨凹35 Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle环杓后肌36 Middle constrictor muscle of phary内侧咽缩肌37 Sternocleidomastoid muscle胸锁乳突肌38 Common carotid artery颈总动脉39 Thyroid gland甲状腺40 Trachea气管41 Internal jugular vein颈内静脉42 Subclavian vein锁骨下静脉43 Subclavian artery (right)右侧锁骨下动脉44 Aorta主动脉45 Brachiocephalic trunk头臂干主干46 Lung (right)右肺1 Temporal muscle颞肌2 Sphenoidal sinus蝶窦3 Internal carotid artery (syphon)颈内动脉虹吸部4 Trigeminal cavity三叉神经管5 Zygomatic process颧突6 Socket of temporomandibular joint (temporal bone)颞下颌关节窝7 Nasopharynx鼻咽8 Articular disc关节盘9 Lateral pterygoid muscle翼外肌10 Head of mandible下颌骨头11 Lingual nerve舌神经12 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)咽鼓管13 Parotid gland腮腺14 Levator veli palatini muscle腭帆提肌15 Medial pterygoid muscle翼内肌16 Maxillary artery上颌动脉17 Stylopharyngeus muscle茎突咽肌18 Longus capitis muscle头长肌19 Digastric muscle二腹肌20 Oropharynx口咽21 Longus colli muscle颈长肌22 Longus capitis muscle头长肌23 Vagus nerve (X)三叉神经24 Internal carotid artery颈内动脉25 Spinal nerve roots (cervical plexus）脊神经根26 External jugular vein颈外静脉27 Anterior scalene muscle前斜角肌28 Sternocleidomastoid muscle胸锁乳突肌29 Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx咽下缩肌30 Internal jugular vein颈内静脉31 Subclavian vein锁骨下静脉32 Vertebral artery椎动脉33 Trachea气管34 Esophagus食道35 Brachiocephalic trunk头臂干36 Vertebral vein椎静脉37 Lung (right)右肺38 Common carotid artery颈总动脉39 Aortic arch主动脉弓。