IGCSE0625 官方试题2016
2016年6月英语六级(第2套)真题及答案解析
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in thevirtu al world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 wordsll diminish as one grows up.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers?Users?Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arisesB. ascendsC. boundD. combinationE. definiteF. eventuallyG. interfereH. invadeI. manifestingJ. penaltiesK. preservingL. programmedM. proximatelyN. victimsO. widespreadSection BReform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and healthinsuran ce premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer isthat no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how careis delivered and how d octors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achievedonly through trial and error a nd incremental (渐进的）gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the SenateFinanc e Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise inmedical costs o ver the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,"Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days iscontained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ispropelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and thevolume of unnece ssary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lotmore tests and treatments t1han a patient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to addressthose pr oblems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing hom es and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savingsroutinely made in other in dustries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organizework. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. Ifprivate plans demanded similar productivit y savings from providers, and refused to letproviders shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics sayCongress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook T hat is far less likelyto happen if Congress also adopts strong upaygo” rules requiring that any increas e inpayments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税）on health insurance plans thatcost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely causeinsurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pa y moremoney for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to thinkt wice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project thatmost empl oyers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House billhas no similar tax. T he final legislation should.[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients whohave trie d to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought tosave money. Whe n the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, itstrade group offered to provid e standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated thatstep would save hundreds of billion s of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock thatpledge into law.[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medicalsystem to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires openinvestments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminatingredundant tests, preventing drug i nteractions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for thequantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost ofcare is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments tocare for a particular illness or f or a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to makethat happen quickly. The bills in both h ouses would start pilot projects within Medicare. Theyinclude such measures as accountable care or ganizations to take charge of a patient's needswith an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic di sease management to make sure theseriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care c osts, are treated properly. Forthe most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get do ctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expandedand th e bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission tomonitor the pi lot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urgeproviders to adopt re forms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as awhole by Congress, maki ng it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which smallbusinesses a nd individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a publicoption. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy tocompare. To get access t o millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentiveto sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strongincentive to lower their prices, perhaps by acc epting slimmer profit margins or demandingbetter deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to thefierce opposi tion of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save muchmoney. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather thanusing Medicare rates, as many ref ormers wanted.[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how wellvarious tr eatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate (前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its commonc ompetitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care.(That would betrue only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments provento be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of thesestudi es be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatmentsprove n to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. Butoverall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot ofunnecessary or even dangerous tes ts and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiatedrug pric es in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretarywould get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. Itdoes in other countries. [Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpracticeawards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is someevidence that doc tors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatmentsprimarily to prove they are n ot negligent should they get sued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年6月英语六级(第2套)真题及答案解析免费范文精选
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 wordsll diminish as one grows up.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers?Users?Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arises F. eventually K. preservingB. ascends G. interfere L. programmedC. bound H. invade M. proximatelyD. combination I. manifesting N. victimsE. definite J. penalties O. widespreadSection BReform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and healthinsurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer isthat no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how careis delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achievedonly through trial and error and incremental (渐进的）gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the SenateFinance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise inmedical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days iscontained in these measures.[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ispropelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services inthis country and thevolume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lotmore tests and treatments t1。
(完整word版)2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay o n living in thevirtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real worl d。
You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words Secti on ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations。
At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions。
Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer。
from the four choices marked A)，B）,C） and D)。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1。
2016全国卷英语作文题
2016全国卷英语作文题Dear Editor,I am writing this letter to express my deep concern regarding the recent trend of students neglecting the importance of physical education in favor of academic studies. As a high school student, I have witnessed firsthand how the focus on academic achievements has overshadowed the value of physical fitness.First and foremost, it is universally acknowledged that a sound mind resides in a sound body. Physical education is not only about sports; it is about building a foundation for a healthy lifestyle. It is through physical activities that we can improve our stamina, coordination, and overall well-being.Moreover, engaging in sports and other physical activitiescan significantly reduce stress and anxiety that often accompany the pressures of academic life. It is a well-known fact that regular exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood elevators. This can help students maintain a positive outlook and enhance their mental health.Additionally, participating in team sports can foster a sense of camaraderie and teamwork, which are essential life skills. It teaches students to work together towards a common goal,to respect one another's strengths and weaknesses, and to communicate effectively.However, I have noticed that many of my peers are foregoing physical education in favor of extra study sessions. This is a concerning trend that needs to be addressed. Schools should place equal emphasis on both academic and physical education. Students should be encouraged to balance their time between studying and engaging in physical activities.In conclusion, I urge the school authorities to take immediate action to ensure that physical education is given its due importance. It is our collective responsibility to nurture well-rounded individuals who excel not only academically but also physically.I look forward to a positive response and a prompt resolution to this matter.Yours sincerely,[Your Name]。
五年级2016年学而思杯英语真题
2016年第六届全国学而思综合能力测评（学而思杯）英语试卷（五年级）考试时间：45分钟满分：100分考生须知：请将所有的答案写在答题纸对应位置上Part1●Listening(2’*5=10’)QUESTIONS1-5You will hear five short conversations.You will hear each conversation twice.There is one question for each conversation.For questions1-5,put a tick( )under the right answer.Example：0How many people were at the meeting?1Which T-shirt does the woman buy?2When is the girl’s swimming lesson next week?3Which bus stop does the woman need?4Which is the man’s raincoat?5Which is the office manager?Part2●Listening(2’*5=10’)QUESTIONS6-10Listen to Jessica talking to Frank about a dance class.For questions6-10,write the correct answer(A,B or C)on the answer sheet. You will hear the conversation twice.Example:0What time does the class start?A7.30p.m.B8p.m.C9p.m.6The class takes A half an hour.B three quarters of an hour.C an hour.7What doesn’t Frank need to take?A trainersB sports clothesC drink8The teacher needs to know A if people are beginners.B how fit people are.C people’s age.9The normal price of classes is A￡5.B￡6.C￡8.10They will meet A at Jessica’s house.B at college.C in the café.Part3●Reading and writing(2’*9=18’)QUESTIONS11-19Read the descriptions(11-19).What is the word for each description?The first letter is already there.There is one space for each other letter in the word.For questions11-19,write the words on the answer sheet.Example：0A way from one place to another.r o u t e11Land which has got water all around it.i_____12To stop something or someone hurting another person.p______13The celebration when people get married.w______14A large area of is an example of this.c________ 15A baby sheep.l___16Rain,snow,wind and sun are all kinds of this.w______17It’s the energy or electricity that a machine needs to work.p____18The place where you go to pay in a supermarket.c_______ 19A word for cows and bulls.c_____Part4●Reading and writing(3’*8=24’)QUESTIONS20-27Read the article.Choose the best word(A,B or C)for each space.For questions20-27,mark A,B or C on your answer sheet.My favourite book is(0)............Robinson Crusoe and is about a man called Robinson Crusoe.A long time ago,when he was going to Africa(20)............ boat there was a terrible thunderstorm and Robinson(21)............himself on a desert island.He explored the island looking(22)............people but there was no one.Robinson had to(23)............on the island for many years.He built a home,grew rice(24)............eat and hunted wild goats.One day an English ship(25)............and Robinson travelled back to Portugal in Europe.Then,while he was walking home over the mountains he (26)............attacked by a group of hungry dogs.The story has a happy endingbecause Robinson gets back to England safely.I love this story because it is exciting but also because I learnt a lot from(27)............Robinson did when things were difficult–even though his problems were very different to mine!Example：0A call B calls C called Answer:C20A on B by C in21A found B find C finds22A for B at C after23A lived B living C live24A for B to C with25A appeared B disappeared C appears26A been B is C was27A where B what C whenPart5●Reading and writing(2’*10=20’)QUESTIONS28-32Read the text and look at the sentences below.Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect.If it is correct,mark A on your answer sheet.If it is not correct,mark B on your answer sheet.Cycling in the countrysideBy Chris Jones,aged14Have you ever been cycling?This spring my older brother and I left the busy city and spent a long weekend cycling in the countryside.Our average speed was only around14kph,but that didn’t matter.We hadn’t come to break any speed records,or to get fit and healthy.All we wanted was some fresh air and a break from schoolwork.My bike only once went more than30kph,and that was when I raced my brother down the only hill on our route.We really enjoyed cycling along flat,traffic-free country paths.There was plenty of spring sunshine,but it was quite cold,especially in the mornings.We didn’t mind,though–and we soon warmed up as we rode along.Our only problem was when my brakes started making terrible noise.But I didn’t mind as it gave us an excuse to visit a caféwhile a helpful bike mechanic had a look at it.That was one of the best things about our route:every few kilometres there was a village where we could find everything we needed.All the local people were really friendly,too.However,most places we stopped at served chips with all the meals,which soon got fairly boring.One night we were woken at4a.m.by a group of rugby fans singing loudly in the hotel corridor.We were tired and bad-tempered when we set off the next morning and very nearly got lost,but soon felt more cheerful when the sun came out.That’s what I like about cycling–it’s simple and it’s fun.If you’re looking for a short break that’s active and cheap,then cycling is a greatchoice!28Chris Jones went cycling almost the whole weekend in the city.29They preferred enjoying fresh air and having a rest to getting fit.30Chris Jones was unhappy because there’s something wrong with brakes. 31Everyone in the village was nice.32They didn’t sleep well for the reason that some fans celebrated in the hotel.QUESTIONS33-37Read the text and the questions below.For each question,mark the letter next to the correct answer–A,B,C or D–on your answer sheet.33What is Chris Jones doing in this text?A describing the different places he saw while cyclingB comparing cycling to other forms of exerciseC suggesting places to stay on a cycling holidayD recommending cycling as a good type of holiday34What do we find out about Chris’s bike?A It wasn’t as good as his brother’s.B It was too old to go fast.C It needed attention at one point.D It had trouble going up hills.35Chris was pleased becauseA he and his brother had chosen a good route.B he felt much healthier than before he began his trip.C he met other people who were keen on cycling.D he went away at the best time of year for cycling. 36What did Chris dislike about his trip?A breaking downB the foodC the weatherD getting lost37What might Chris say in a postcard to a friend?AI’m have a great holiday, spending lots of time in friendly cafes and enjoying being by myself for once.BI’m having really fit cycling so fast up and down the hills in this part of the countryside.CI’m pleased to be away from cars and lorries for a change.Having a good time,despite some problems.DI’m enjoying cycling with my brother this weekend,and staying at a very quiet hotel in this countryside.Part6●Reading and writing(3’*6=18’)QUESTIONS38-43For each question,complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first,using no more than three words.Write only the missing words on your answer sheet.Example:0The flat is near my college.The flat is not______________my college.Answer:0far from38Most British children have studied in state schools for many years.Most British children have studied in state schools_______many years ago.39It costs nothing to attend a state school.It doesn’t cost_______to attend a state school.40City schools are usually larger than schools in the country.Schools in the country are not as______________city schools.41Uniforms must be worn by children in some schools.Children must_______uniforms in some schools.42Each class has about thirty children.In each class______________about thirty children.43Children must do their homework on their own.Children must do their homework______________.。
九天国际教育GCSE真题June 2016 (R) QP - Paper 1C Edexcel Chemistry IGCSE
Turn over P45943A©2016 Pearson Education Ltd.1/1/1/1/1/1/*P45943A0132*Instructions• Use black ink or ball-point pen.•Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,centre number and candidate number.• Answer all questions.•A nswer the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need.•Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.•Information•The total mark for this paper is 120.•T he marks for each question are shown in brackets– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.Advice•Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.•Write your answers neatly and in good English.•Try to answer every question.•Check your answers if you have time at the end.2*P45943A0232*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA3*P45943A0332*Turn overD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AAnswer ALL questions.1 The Periodic Table is shown on page 2.(a) In the Periodic Table, which number increases from 3 to 10 in Period 2?(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(b) In the Periodic Table, which number increases from 9 to 226 in Group 2?(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(c) An atom of boron contains protons, neutrons and electrons. Use words from the box to complete the sentences.Your may use each word once, more than once or not at all.protons neutrons electrons(i) The particles with the smallest mass are ............................................................................................ .(1)(ii) The particles with a negative charge are ............................................................................................ .(1)(iii) The two types of particle in the nucleus of a boron atom(1)are............................................................................................ and ............................................................................................ .(iv) In a boron atom there are equal numbers of(1)............................................................................................and ............................................................................................ .(v) The element boron has isotopes.(1)These isotopes have different numbers of ............................................................................................ .(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)4*P45943A0432*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA5*P45943A0532*Turn overD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A3Techniques used in the separation of mixtures include A crystallisation B filtrationC fractional distillationD simple distillationFor each separation, select the most suitable technique, A, B, C or D, used to obtain the first named substance from the mixture.Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.(a) Pure water from sea water(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(b) Ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(c) Calcium carbonate from a mixture of calcium carbonate and water(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(d ) CuSO 4.5H 2O(s) from CuSO 4(aq)(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)6*P45943A0632*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA7*P45943A0732*Turn overD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A8*P45943A0832*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA9*P45943A0932*Turn overD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A10*P45943A01032*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA(c) One of the pigments present in the vegetable extracts is not shown in thechromatogram. It appears as a very faint spot 1.3 cm above the starting line.Calculate its R f value using the expressionR f distance travelled by pigmentdistance travelled by solv =e nt(2)R f = .....................................(d) Suggest a reason why there is a spot on the starting line in the chromatogram forsweet potatoes.(1)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)D O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ABLANK PAGEDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA6Hydrogen chloride is formed in the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine.The equation for the reaction isH 2 + Cl 2 o 2HCl(a) Each molecule in this equation contains the same type of bonding.Name this type of bonding.(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(b) The bonding in a hydrogen molecule is strong.Explain why the boiling point of hydrogen is low.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(c) Explain how the two atoms in a chlorine molecule are held together.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(d) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in a hydrogen chloride molecule.Show only the outer electrons in each atom.(2)D O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A(e)Hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water to form solution A. Hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in methylbenzene to form solution B. A teacher adds a piece of magnesium ribbon to each solution.Explain why she observes effervescence with solution A but not with solution B.(3)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA7The table shows the displayed formulae of some organic compounds.AHC HH HBH C CC HH H HH CH C C C HHHH H H H DHCC C CHH H H H H H H HEH C C CC HH H HH H HFHC C H H H H HH C C H(a) Explain why all of these compounds are described as hydrocarbons.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(b) Why are B and E described as unsaturated?(1)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(c) Which letter represents the first member of the homologous series of alkanes?(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(d) Which letters represent compounds that have the empirical formula CH 2?(2)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................D O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A(e) Compound F has the same general formula as an alkene.Why does F not decolourise bromine water?(1)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(f) One of the compounds in the table reacts with bromine to form G, a compoundwith the composition by mass C = 22.2%, H = 3.7%, Br = 74.1%.(i) Show, by calculation, that the empirical formula of G is C 2H 4Br(3)(ii) The relative formula mass of G is 216Deduce the molecular formula of G.(2)molecular formula ..........................................................................(Total for Question 7 = 12 marks)DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA9A student investigates the reactions between acids and alkalis. He uses thisapparatus to measure the temperature change in the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH).This is his method. • add 25 cm 3 of dilute hydrochloric acid to the polystyrene cup and record thesteady temperature • add some aqueous sodium hydroxide and stir the mixture • record the maximum temperature of the mixtureThe student repeats the experiment using different volumes of aqueous sodium hydroxide.(a) What is the advantage of using a polystyrene cup rather than a glass beaker?(1)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................polystyrene cupD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A(ii) For the point where the lines cross, write down(2)the temperature of the mixture = ...............................................°Cthe volume of aqueous sodium hydroxide = ...............................................cm 3(d) In a similar experiment, using a different acid and alkali, the student records these results. volume of dilute sulfuric acid = 25.0 cm 3volume of aqueous potassium hydroxide = 22.7 cm 3 initial temperature of each solution = 18.9 °Cfinal temperature of mixture = 24.7 °CCalculate the heat energy change during this reaction using this equation.heat energy change = mass × 4.2 × temperature changeAssume that 1.0 cm 3 of each solution has a mass of 1.0 g.(3)heat energy change = ..........................................................................J(Total for Question 9 = 13 marks)DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A(ii) The student wrote this explanation for the shape of the graph.As the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases.This is because there are more frequent collisions between particles of reactants.Use the particle collision theory to explain another more important reason for the increase in reaction rate.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(e) Another student uses the same reaction to investigate the effect of changing theconcentration of the sodium thiosulfate solution on the rate of reaction.Give three variables that the student must control in this investigation to obtain valid results.(3)1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 10 = 15 marks)DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA11The flow diagram shows how a fertiliser is manufactured from raw materials.The hydrogen needed is formed in two reactions.(a) Reaction 1 occurs between steam and methane in natural gas.Balance the equation for this reaction.(1)..........................CH 4 + ..........................H 2O o ..........................CO + ..........................H 2(b) The equation for reaction 2 isCO(g) + H 2O(g) U CO 2(g) + H 2(g ¨H = –41 kJ/mol(i) Assuming that this reaction reaches equilibrium, explain what happens to theyield of hydrogen if the reaction is carried out at a higher pressure but at the same temperature.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(ii) Assuming that this reaction reaches equilibrium, explain what happens to theyield of hydrogen if the reaction is carried out at a higher temperature but at the same pressure.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................airnatural gas water carbon dioxide hydrogen nitrogen oxygenammonia nitric acidammonium nitrateD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E AD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A(c) Reaction 2 can be represented on an energy profile.(i) Complete the profile by showing the products of the reaction and theenthalpy change for the reaction.(2)(ii) Reaction 2 is carried out using an iron oxide catalyst.State the effect, if any, of using a catalyst on the enthalpy change for the reaction.(1)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(iii) Explain how a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................energyCO + H 2O。
2016年6月大学英语四级考试真题两套
2016年6月大学英语四级考试真题两套全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The 2016 June College English Test Level Four (CET-4) had two different sets of exam papers. Students across China sat for the exam on two separate occasions, each set with its own unique questions. The tests aimed to evaluate the English proficiency of college students and determine whether their language skills met the required standards. The exams covered listening, reading, writing, and translation, testing the students' ability to understand and use English in various contexts.In the listening section, students had to listen to a series of recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content. This section tested their listening comprehension skills and ability to understand spoken English, including different accents and speech patterns. The reading section contained passages on a variety of topics, ranging from academic articles to newspaper reports. Students had to answer questions based on the reading material, demonstrating their ability to comprehend and analyze written English.The writing section required students to write an essay on a given topic, expressing their opinions and supporting arguments with examples. This section tested their ability to organize ideas coherently and use English language structures effectively. The translation section challenged students to translate a passage from Chinese to English, testing their language proficiency and knowledge of vocabulary and grammar rules.Overall, the 2016 June CET-4 exam provided a comprehensive assessment of students' English language skills, covering all aspects of language proficiency. It was a challenging and rigorous test that required students to demonstrate their ability to listen, read, write, and translate in English. Preparing for the exam required diligent studying and practice in all areas of English language learning. The results of the exam were crucial for students' academic and career advancement, as a passing score was often required for graduation and job opportunities that required English proficiency.篇22016年6月大学英语四级考试是一场备受关注的考试，借此机会我们将分析两套真题，并提供一些备考建议。
Sample Exam IGCSE 2015-2016 - Answer Key入学考试样卷答案
2016 IGCSE Entrance Test SampleEnglish – Listening and Grammar30 minutes (Listening 20 mins and Grammar 10)30 marksInstructions:∙In the part 1 of the listening, you will hear six short conversations, for which there will be one or two multiple choice questions. Based on your understanding, you shouldindicate the CORRECT answer.听力第一部分共有6个短对话，每个短对话包含1到2道选择题。
请根据自己的理解，选择正确的答案。
∙In the second part of the listening, you will hear an interview and you must enter the missing words from the interview into the blanks.听力第二部分是一个面试。
请在空白处填入所缺的词汇。
∙In the grammar section, you will be given a paragraph with missing words, and you must complete the paragraph by adding the word using the correct part of speech.在语法部分中，请运用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Do not turn over until instructed to do so.没有监考老师的示意，请勿提前翻开试卷。
2016 IGCSE Entrance Test SampleEnglish – Reading Comprehension30 minutes20 marksInstructions: (please put instructions in English & Chinese)∙In the first part of the reading comprehension, you will answer ten multiple-choice questions based on the reading. You should indicate the answer that you think isCORRECT.阅读理解的第一部分包含10个选择题。
超值大礼包!6.25托福写作真题解析
超值大礼包!6.25托福写作真题解析复习托福写作，同样少不了机经的助力!考虑到这点，今天，天道小编特地搜集了2016年6月25日的托福作文真题及其相关解析，希望在它们的帮助下，小伙伴儿们都可以写出一份优秀的作文，交上一份满意的答卷!话不多说，托福机经送给你!备考托福写作的小伙伴们注意了，托福作文真题是你不可缺少的备考利器。
因此，下面天道小编给大家准备了托福机经的相关资讯，一起来看!第一部分：综合写作在秘鲁有一些神秘的Nazca Lines images,古代秘鲁的很大的地面标志，于是文章列举了这个东西的三种可能做什么的理论。
阅读：1.可能是astronomical calendar 发现有一些images和planets and stars有关系，而且还有可能纪录了冬至。
2. monumental art form用来炫耀自己的culture之类show their power and achievements 的，a form of art特别impressive,可能是 monumental art form,来show their power and achievements,类似金字塔。
3.说用来做traveling之类的，一种史前人类的racing提到foot print, footraces,古人沿着这个走比赛。
听力：1.那几个和天体有关的图案天文事件vastly not match,偶尔符合的只是by chance,把Lines和天上的星星做比较，大多数都不Match,因为数目太多，有巧合现象。
2.这些Nazca Lines太大了，above at high level的时候才能看出,史前人站在地上不可能完成这种lines of art ,只有seen from overhead从天上才能看到才impressive,在平地上一点都不impressive,而金字塔不仅large还很tall。
备考专用!6月25日托福考试真题回顾
备考专用!6月25日托福考试真题回顾2016年6月25日的托福考试在上周六已经与童鞋们见面啦，不过，不造备考生们是不是也已经与它面对面接触过了呢?在接下来的文章中，天道小编将按照阅读、听力、口语、写作的顺序与小伙伴儿们分享这一天的托福真题，还请没有掌握的大家能够注意!更多托福机经，尽在天道教育!2016年6月25日的托福考试结束了，天道小编专门为同学们带来了本次的托福真题!正在进行备考的同学们，一起来看看吧!托福机经如下：阅读第一篇 The Role of Diapause本文是讲动物的滞育。
全文共分成5段，首段先讲有机体会会在一段时间内停止任何的生长、繁殖或其他活动，等待一段时间再继续。
这由基因决定的休止阶段，加上生育发展的停止和蛋白质合成和代谢率停止的特性，被称为滞育。
This genetically determined resting stage, characterized by the cessation of development and protein synthesis and suppression of the metabolic rate, is called diapause.然后讲可以预测和不可以预测的环境对动物造成问题。
然后以红袋鼠为例讲了其滞育的过程。
还讲了栖息在北美地区环境最恶劣的沙漠的睡锄足蟾蜍的滞育。
第二篇 Artisans in Sixteenth-Century Europe本文讲16世纪欧洲工匠职业的没落。
共6段，首段讲工匠的特点，并指出工匠职业没落，提出问题——是什么因素导致工匠职业没落。
For centuries European artisans had operated in small, autonomous handicraft businesses, but by the sixteenth century an evolving economic system moving toward modern capitalism, with its free-market pricing, new organization of production, investments, and so on had started to erode their stable and relatively prosperous position.下面的5段给出原因并作具体分析。
2016年6月英语六级真题(全三套+详细答案)
2016年6月英语六级真题第一套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the worldC) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers like Piaget,adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way.Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context,Piaget’s statement seems harsh.What he was_32_，however,is the way reality can modify idealistic views.Some people refer to such modification as maturity.Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of_33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit.Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society.For this reason,community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automaticallyB)beneficialC)capturingD)confusedE)emphasizingF)entranceG)excitedH)existenceI)incidentallyJ)intolerantK)occupationL)promisesM)recessionN)slightlyO)undertakesSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is amajor issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review —and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believethat managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use foragriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystemre-building itself.It had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the oncemighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free food.They also,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completely accurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of adigital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it togenerate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it.A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TVadvertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are“structural,”and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe thatdeclaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment inAmerica?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
2016年高考英语真题 2016高考英语浙江卷 精校Word版试题试卷 真题含参考答案
绝密★启封前2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语选择题部分（共80分）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
1. --Are you sure you're ready for the best?--_________. I'm well prepared for it.A. I'm afraid notB. No problemC. Hard to sayD. Not really2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填B. A ; 不填C. A ; theD. The ; a3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.A. conditionB. incomeC. creditD. status5._______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.A. SinceB. AfterC. WhileD. Unless6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.A. Or elseB. In shortC. By the wayD. For one thing7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.A. onB. inC. atD. about8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.A. divideB. rejectC. controlD. abandon9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A. had becomeB. rejectC. controlD. abandon10.To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.A. having conductedB. to be conductedC. conductingD. conducted11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.A. whomB. whichC. whatD. that12.When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt ______from the world.A. carried awayB. broken downC. cut offD. brought up13. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience , ______ if you are travelling at high speed.A. eventuallyB. strangelyC. merelyD. especially14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.A. limitedB. reservedC. reflectedD. spoiled15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen16. In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.A. specificB. permanentC. abstractD. universal17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have goneB. might have goneC. can't have goneD. needn't have gone18. I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming yearsA. little moreB. no moreC.much moreD.many more19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.A. wotkingB. workC. to workD. worked20.—The movie starta at 8:30,and wo can have a quick bite before wo go-- .See you at 8:10A. So longB. Sounds greatC. Good luckD.Have a good time第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分0）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
2016年6月英语六级真题及答案(全三套-无听力)
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套) Part I WrittingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.例文The evolution of modem robot technology seems to be a mixed blessing. Optimists say that more robots will lead to greater productivity and economic growth, while pessimists complain that we will experience the greatest unemployment crisis in human history. As for me, the world where robots substitute manual and mental labor is delightful rather than fearful.There is no doubt that human society is benefiting tremendously from robots. On the one hand, industrial robots can assist in carrying out dirty, dull and dangerous tasks while offering increased productivity and safety. On the other hand, domestic robots can provide household services, freeing human beings from the boredom of the daily chores. We aren't giving robots "easy jobs", but those that most of the time we aren't willing to do and even could never do. Without robots, these jobs would remain undone or be done inefficiently. In spite of the potential of machines to replace workers, technological progress has always eliminated some specific jobs. But in the meantime, it also has created new opportunities for human employment, at an even faster rate.Robots are very likely to permeate much of our daily life in the coming years, but it is not necessary to worry they will snatch jobs from us, because we will assign more challenging jobs to them.Part III Reading ComphensionSection AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26_N_ on your roller-skates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27_I_attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating __28D__ the three components of an attitude: affect,cognition, and behavior. You love the activit y; it's great fun. These feelings __29_C_ the affectiveor emotional component; they are an important ing redient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an a ttitude. You understand the health __30_B_ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behaviora l component.Our attitudes __31L__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32_E_ that these three components always worktogether __3 3_H_ . They don't; sometimes they clash. For example, let's say you love pizza(affective component); ho wever, you have high cholesterol and understand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may be bad f or your health. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34_A_ it? The answer depen ds on which component happens to bestronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, yo ur emotions and feelingsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best foo d for yourhealth. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the knowledge component may __35_J_ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healthier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey. Today's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikinglypositive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright."[F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.[H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something."[K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年6月英语六级真题第二套
2016年6月英语六级真题第二套Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear-man-made creations as smart and capable as we are without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally_____(27). Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The _____(28)of computational power and engineering advances will _____(29)enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled,_____(30)use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are _____(31)to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器)operator will _____(32)someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower(割草机)will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the _____(33)of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing _____(34)and damages What should government do to protect people while _____(35), space for innovation?Big. complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built _____(36)and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record. not the passenger's.A.arisesB.ascendsC.boundbinationE.definiteF.eventuallyG.interfereH.invadeI.manifestingJ.penaltiesK.preservingL.programmedM.proximatelyN.victimsO.widespreadSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A]American are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no once has an easy fix rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be a achieved only through trial and incremental(渐进的)gains.[B]The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded. "Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy Iiterature these days is contained in these measures."[C]Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot moretests and treatments than patient really needs.[D]Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problem, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E]Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospital, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient provider off the hook(放过). That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong "pay-go" rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budge cuts.[F]The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税)on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause Insures to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshould. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages, The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.[G]Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law. [H]The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted .This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant test, preventing drug inter actions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I]Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments tocare for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J]Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones arc dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K]The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insures would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.[L]The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.[M]The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N]Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. (That would be true only if you believe that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not requires, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O]Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatmentsproven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P]The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.36.With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.37.Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.'38.It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.49.Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical40.Republicans and insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.41.Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.42.The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.43.One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.44.Contrary to analysts' doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.45.Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.Section CPassage OneQuestions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage(下水道污水)to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report-and it may not be a bed thing.While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food. "There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study.The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers.(下水道)When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing XX, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2.2 million people die a year because of diarrhea-related(与腹泻相关的)diseases, according to WHO statistics. XXX than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contant with contaminated water and a lack of XXX anitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty. Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption.In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric tonover the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer us can be avoided. The mud contains the same critical nutrients."Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. "We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason."46.What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?A.Its risks cannot be overestimated.B.It should be forbidden altogether.C.Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.D.It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.47.What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?A.Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.B.It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.C.Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.D.It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.48.What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel's attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?A.Favorable.B.Indifferent.C.Skeptical.D.Responsible.49.What does Pay Dreschsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming?A.They have been somewhat exaggerated.B.They can be dealt with through education.C.They will be minimized with new technology.D.They can be addressed by improved sanitation.50.What do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human waste for farming?A.He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.B.He chaltenges Liqa Raschid-Sally's conclusionC.He thinks it the only way out of the current food erisis.D.He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.Passage TwoThese days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house, what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the country's film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazing, was a staggering $54,000, even a "minor" improvement cost on average $18,000.Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson&Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost £145,000-155,000—excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it :"You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the word."The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a natter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American human's Home、published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to use hold management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order.Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Chris Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, House-Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a wife's daily routine. She borrowed the Principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied mestic tasks on the kitchen floor.Frederick's central idea, that "stove,sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely". Inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Mangarete Schutter. Libotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.51.What does the author say about the kitchen of today?A.It is where housewives display their cooking skills.B.It is where the family entertains important guests.C.It has become something odd in a modern house.D.It is regarded as the center of a modern home.52.Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?A.It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.B.No duplicate is to be found in any other place.C.It is manufactured by a famous British company.D.No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.53.What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?A.Improved living conditions.B.Technological progress.C.Women's elevated status.D.Social change.54.What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kichen?A.A place where women could work more efficiently.B.A place where high technology could be applied.C.A place of interest to the educated people.D.A place to experiment with new ideas.55.What do we learn about today's kitchen?A. It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.B.Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.C.It has been transformed beyond recognition.D.Many of its functions have changed greatly.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。
2016年6月25日雅思听力真题
⼀、考试概述：
本场考试为25个填空类题⽬和15个选择类题⽬，总体难度中等。
section2再次出现了填空题的配对题。
Section 1旅游——预订酒店房间, 10笔记
Section 2学校庆典——学校艺术会庆典，5配对5选择
Section 3学⽣讨论——地理实习课程报告反馈，6选择，4配对
Section 4讲座——北⾮游牧民族，10 笔记
⼆、具体题⽬分析：
Section 1
新旧情况：11110
场景：旅游——预订酒店房间
题型：10笔记
参考答案：
1-10)
1. arrive date: 17th
2-3. a double room witha balcony
4. the name of the hotel: Mountain view Hotel
5. Name: Frampton
6. Card number: 16数字，四个四个念的
7. 给他⽼婆推荐message ⽅式：message
8. 周围的景点：bird park
9. address: 56, WEST
10. 从哪⾥了解他们的where got the message: from a magazine
(答案仅供参考)
解析：本次S1内容涉及的旅游场景，对应的考点是⽐较常见的时间⽇期、数字、地址等。
拼写都还是⽐较简单的，但是还是要注意，⽐如message的双写s的情况等。
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The syllabus is accredited for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.© UCLES 2014[Turn over*0123456789*Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary EducationPHYSICS0625/01Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core) For Examination from 2016SPECIMEN PAPER45 minutesAdditional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraserSoft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite in soft pencil.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.The re are forty que stions on this pape r. Answe r all que stions. For e ach que stion the re are four possible answers A , B , C and D .Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used.Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s 2)© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/161Which quantity is measured in newtons? A density B energy C pressure D weight 2 A measuring cylinder is used to measure the volume of a quantity of water. Which measuring technique would not improve the accuracy of the measurement?A making sure that the measuring cylinder is verticalB making sure that the water surface is at eye levelC reading the top of the water meniscusD using the smallest measuring cylinder available that will contain all the water 3 Two distance-time graphs and two speed-time graphs are shown. Which graph represents an object that is at rest?AtimeBCtimetime4An astronaut in an orbiting spacecraft experiences a force due to gravity. This force is less than when she is on the Earth’s surface.Compared with being on the Earth’s surface, how do her mass and her weight change when she goes into orbit?mass in orbit weight in orbitA B C D decreasesdecreasesunchangedunchangeddecreasesunchangeddecreasesunchanged5The diagram shows an experiment to find the density of a liquid.liquidWhat is the density of the liquid?A 0.5g/cm3B 2.0g/cm3C 8.0g/cm3D 10.0g/cm36 An experiment is carried out to measure the extension of a rubber band for different loads.The results are shown below.load/N0 1.0 2.0 3.0length/cm15.2 16.2 18.6extension/cm 0 1.0 2.1 3.4 Which figure is missing from the table?A 17.2B 17.3C 17.4D 17.6© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/16 [Turn over© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/167 Which statement about an object moving in a straight line through air is correct? A When it accelerates, the resultant force acting on it is zero.B When it moves at a steady speed, the air resistance acting on it is zero.C When it moves at a steady speed, the resultant force acting on it is zero.D When it moves, there is a resultant force acting on it.8 The diagram shows a balance being used to find the weight of a baby. The weight of the basket can be ignored.At equilibrium, the pivot is nearer to the 40 N balancing weight than to the baby.centre of massWhat is the weight of the baby? A less than 40 N B 40 NC more than 40 ND impossible to tell without a scale on the beam 9The diagram shows four objects on a flat surface. The centre of mass of each object is marked M. Which object is about to fall over?A B C Dit started, and so has not regained all of its original gravitational potential energy.Which statement accounts for the loss of gravitational potential energy?A Energy was destroyed as the ball hit the ground.B Energy was destroyed as the ball travelled through the air.C The chemical energy and elastic energy of the ball have increased.D The internal (heat) energy of the ball and its surroundings has increased.11 Which energy resource is used to boil water to generate electricity?A hydroelectricB nuclear fissionC tidesD waves© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/16 [Turn over12Two farmers use an electrically powered elevator to lift bales of hay. All the bales of hay have the same mass.As sunset approaches, they increase the speed of the elevator so that more bales are lifted up ina given time.How does this affect the work done in lifting each bale and the useful output power of the elevator?work done in lifting each bale useful output power of the elevatorA B C D increasesincreasesno changeno changedecreasesincreasesdecreasesincreases© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/1613 A dam across a lake is divided into two sections by a rock. Section X is longer than section Y butthe two sections are otherwise identical. The water in the lake by the dam is the same depth everywhere. The diagram shows a view from above of the lake and the dam.The water creates a total force on each section of the dam and an average pressure on each section of the dam.Which statement is correct?A The average pressure on X equals the average pressure on Y.B The average pressure on X is less than the average pressure on Y.C The total force on X equals the total force on Y.D The total force on X is less than the total force on Y.© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/16 [Turn over© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/1614 The diagram shows a simple mercury barometer alongside a mercury manometer. ThevacuumWhat is the pressure of the trapped gas?A 10 cm of mercuryB 50 cm of mercuryC 66 cm of mercuryD 86 cm of mercury15The diagrams show two swimming pools. One contains fresh water and the other contains saltwater. Salt water is more dense than fresh water.At which labelled point is the pressure the greatest?fresh water (less dense)salt water (more dense)© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/16[Turn overSmall, bright dots of light are seen through a microscope. The dots move in rapidly changing, random directions.lightin watereyeWhat are the bright dots?A pollen grains being hit by other pollen grainsB pollen grains being hit by water moleculesC water molecules being hit by other water moleculesD water molecules being hit by pollen grains17 A sealed gas cylinder is left outside on a hot, sunny day. What happens to the average speed of the gas molecules and to the pressure of the gas in thecylinder as the temperature of the gas rises?average speed of gas molecules pressure of gas incylinderA B C D decreases decreases increases increasesdecreases increases decreases increases© UCLES 2014 0625/01/SP/1618 A pool of water evaporates. As molecules escape, the temperature of the water left in the poolchanges. From where do the molecules escape and what is the effect on the temperature of the water inthe pool?molecules escape from temperature of water in the poolA B C Dall parts of the liquid all parts of the liquid only the liquid surface only the liquid surfacedecreases increases decreases increases19 An engineer wants to fix a steel washer on to a steel rod. The rod is just too big to fit into the holeof the washer.steel rod steel washerHow can the engineer fit the washer on to the rod? A Cool the washer and then place it over the rod.B Cool the washer and rod to the same temperature and then push them together.C Heat the rod and then place it in the hole in the washer.D Heat the washer and then place it over the rod.20The diagram shows some ice being used to lower the temperature of some warm water.glassiceWhat is the main process by which the water at the bottom of the glass becomes cool?A condensationB conductionC convectionD radiation21 Which list contains only transverse waves?A infra-red waves, light waves, sound wavesB infra-red waves, light waves, ultraviolet wavesC infra-red waves, sound waves, ultraviolet wavesD light waves, sound waves, ultraviolet waves2223The diagrams show water waves that move more slowly after passing into shallow water.Which diagram shows what happens to the waves?Afastdeep water shallowwaterBfastdeepwatershallowwaterCfastdeepwatershallowwaterDfastdeepwatershallowwater24The diagram shows a ray of light incident on the edge of a piece of glass. The angle i is greater than the critical angle.Which arrow shows the direction of the ray after it leaves the edge of the glass?25In the diagram, the distance OP is the focal length of the converging lens. One ray of light from O is shown.Through which point will this ray pass, after refraction by the lens?26Light from the Sun passes through a prism and a spectrum is produced on a screen.A thermometer placed at X shows a large temperature increase.Which type of radiation causes this temperature increase?A infra-redB microwaveC ultravioletD visible light27An echo-sounder on a ship produces a pulse of sound. The echo is received by the echo-sounder after two seconds.The speed of sound in sea-water is 1500m/s.What is the depth of the sea-water below the ship?A 750mB 1500mC 3000mD 6000m28 Which frequency produces a sound that can be heard by a person?A2Hz B 10Hz C2kHz D 30kHz29The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to make a magnet.power supplymetalWhich metal and which power supply are used to make a permanent magnet?metal powersupplyA B C D ironironsteelsteel6V a.c.6V d.c.6V a.c.6V d.c.30 A polythene rod repels an inflated balloon hanging from a nylon thread.Why do the rod and balloon repel?A The rod and the balloon have opposite charges.B The rod and the balloon have like charges.C The rod is charged but the balloon is not.D The balloon is charged but the rod is not.31 A circuit is set up to determine the resistance of a resistor R. The meter readings are 2.0A and3.0V.What is the resistance of the resistor R?A 0.67ΩB 1.5ΩC 5.0ΩD 6.0Ω32 A student uses a length of wire as a resistor. He makes a second resistor from the same material.To be certain of making a second resistor of higher resistance, he should use a piece of wire that isA longer and thicker.B longer and thinner.C shorter and thicker.D shorter and thinner.33The circuit diagram shows a thermistor in a potential divider. A voltmeter is connected across the thermistor.The graph shows how the resistance of the thermistor changes with temperature.temperatureresistanceAs the thermistor becomes warmer, what happens to its resistance and what happens to the reading on the voltmeter?resistance voltmeterreadingA B C D decreasesdecreasesincreasesincreasesdecreasesincreasesdecreasesincreases34 A circuit-breaker is designed to protect a circuit which usually carries a current of 2 A.The time taken to break the circuit depends on the current, as shown in the graph.16014012010080604020002468101214161820current / A time takento break thecircuit / sWhat happens when the current in the circuit is 2 A and what happens when the current is 18 A?when the current is 2 Awhen the current is 18 AA the circuit breaks in less than 5 seconds the circuit breaks in less than 5 secondsB the circuit breaks in less than 5 secondsthe circuit does not breakC the circuit does not break the circuit breaks in less than 5 secondsDthe circuit does not breakthe circuit does not break35 A transformer has 50 turns on its primary coil and 100 turns on its secondary coil. An alternatingvoltage of 25.0 V is connected across the primary coil.primary coil 50 turns100 turnsWhat is the voltage across the secondary coil? A 12.5 VB 50.0 VC 100 VD 200 V36 A wire perpendicular to the page carries an electric current in a direction out of the page. Thereare four compasses near the wire.Which compass shows the direction of the magnetic field caused by the current?current out of page37 A wire is placed between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. There is a current in the wire in thedirection shown, and this causes a force to act on the wire.Three other arrangements, P, Q and R, of the wire and magnet are set up as shown.PQRmagnet turned aroundcurrent direction reversedcurrent direction reversed and magnet turned aroundWhich arrangement or arrangements will cause a force in the same direction as the original arrangement? A P, Q and R B P and Q only C P only D R only38 The diagram shows the paths of three different types of radiation, X, Y and Z.2 mm of plastic10 mm of aluminium50 mm of leadWhich row in the table correctly identifies X, Y and Z?X Y Z A α-particles β-particles γ-rays B β-particles α-particles γ-rays C β-particles γ-rays α-particles Dγ-raysα-particlesβ-particles39 A particular nuclide has the symbol .C 3717l What is true for atoms of this nuclide? A There are 17 nucleons in the nucleus. B There are 17 protons in the nucleus. C There are 37 electrons in the nucleus. D There are 37 neutrons in the nucleus.40 A powder contains 400 mg of a radioactive isotope that emits α-particles. The half-life of the isotope is 5 days.What mass of this isotope remains after 10 days? A 0 mgB 40 mgC 100 mgD 200 mgBLANK PAGEPermission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.。