分析迪福的小说 英国文学
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• Defoe adopts the autobiographical（自传的） form and made full use of his long trained journalistic skill. He stresses on actions or people in actions, not much plot or portrayal of characters, but exact journalist account of the daily, trivial happenings.
The analyzation of Defoe's Novels
Introduction to Defห้องสมุดไป่ตู้e (p171172)
Literary status –the father of the English novel.
English novelist, journalist, pamphleteer,producing more than 500 books, pamphlets, and tracts（小册子）. The themes of his writing include politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology, supernatural（超自然）
The hero: Robinson Crusoe
at the early stage, an individual laborer, and then a master, until at last an exploiter, a colonizer an image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th century and one of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie (新兴资产阶级) an embodiment (体现)of the spirit of individual enterprise and colonial expansion（殖民扩张） a man struggling against nature and human fate, with indomitable will and hand a man going through different stages of human civilization in a seemingly primitive environment
His social outlook（社会观）
• As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class and his novels enjoyed great popularity among the less cultivated(有教养的) readers. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy（坚定的） middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden(被压迫的) unfortunate(不幸的) poor.
On British Island Literature (英国荒岛文学)
• [ Abstract] The forming of British island literature is closely related with her geographical position , her colonial expansion history as well as her national adventure spirit . Thus , island naturally becomes an indispensable theme in British literature. • Early from The Tempest by William Shakespeare in the 16th century to Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defore in the 17th , from The Coral Island by R1M1Ballantyne in the 19th century to Lord of the Flies by William Golding in modern literature , there are indeed quite a number of literary works on island , which have been known as island literature. Yet , island literature does not mean to explore a way to escape from the s ociety. The island here is just a carrier , a mean to express its theme. • [ Key words] island literature ; geographical position ; theme
A rtistic fe a ture s
◆ Defoe had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible and fascinating. ◆ His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration. ◆ His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best. ◆ His novels enjoyed great popularity among the middle class.
《鲁滨逊漂流记》中表现的笛福宗教观 The Religious Views in Daniel Defoe‘s Robinson Crusoe
• 【英文摘要】In religious values, Defoe was greatly influenced by the philosophers such as John Locke. He maintained the freedom of religion and was against autocratic monarchy. Defoe's views for religion were fully reflected in his char acter of Robinson in Robinson Crusoe. • 在宗教思想上笛福受洛克等哲学家的影响 , 反对专制 ,主张信仰自由 ,笛福的这种宗教 观集中地从其小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》的鲁 滨逊这个人物形象身上充分地表现出来。
Friday:
– The first nonwhite character described in English novels, hence a huge literary and cultural importance.
Robinson and Friday
• Friday : Friendship , Loyalty ,
Features of Defoe’s Novels
• Defoe is an anti-romantic, anti-feudal （反封建制度的 ）realistic writer. His stories are all real concerns of his time: people in their struggle to overcome the natural or social environment.
Characterization
Robinson Crusoe ◆ Self-independent; perseverant; inspiring and innovating,
adventurous, colonial mind; practical perseverant – he is here a real hero: a typical eighteenthcentury English middle-class man with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience & persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. – He is the very prototype（原型） of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.
based on the experiences of Alexander Selkirk, a captain lived alone in an island for 5 years. creating a visual picture that manifests how human history has developed from the primitive (原始的)to the feudal（封建的） and then to the capitalistic（资本主义的） in the 18th century. describes how Robinson, a 18-century middleclass tradesman, experienced his romantic life on a wild island for 28 years.
Gratitude • Robinson: The Ambivalence of Mastery a. the Master-Slave relationship ----- a companionship under his dominance b. a feeling of brotherhood that exceeds Robinson's colonizing position.
Selected Readings (p.176-186)
Robinson Crusoe
About Robinson Crusoe The hero: Robinson Crusoe Crusoe’s Life on the Island Related Analysis
About Robinson Crusoe
Defoe’s Works (p.172-173)
Fictions: Robinson Crusoe (1719) 《鲁滨逊漂流记》 Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》 (1720) Duncan Campbell (1720) 《邓肯坎贝尔》 Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720) 《一个骑士的回忆录》 Colonel Jack (1722) 《陆军上校杰克》 Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》 (1722) Journal of the Plague Year 《大疫年纪事》 (1722) The History of the Devil (1726) 《魔鬼的历史》
plot
3 parts: Part 1---about Crusoe’s three voyages; Part 2---about his hard struggles against nature on a small deserted island; (the body of the novel) Part 3---about what happened after his return.
The analyzation of Defoe's Novels
Introduction to Defห้องสมุดไป่ตู้e (p171172)
Literary status –the father of the English novel.
English novelist, journalist, pamphleteer,producing more than 500 books, pamphlets, and tracts（小册子）. The themes of his writing include politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology, supernatural（超自然）
The hero: Robinson Crusoe
at the early stage, an individual laborer, and then a master, until at last an exploiter, a colonizer an image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th century and one of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie (新兴资产阶级) an embodiment (体现)of the spirit of individual enterprise and colonial expansion（殖民扩张） a man struggling against nature and human fate, with indomitable will and hand a man going through different stages of human civilization in a seemingly primitive environment
His social outlook（社会观）
• As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class and his novels enjoyed great popularity among the less cultivated(有教养的) readers. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy（坚定的） middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden(被压迫的) unfortunate(不幸的) poor.
On British Island Literature (英国荒岛文学)
• [ Abstract] The forming of British island literature is closely related with her geographical position , her colonial expansion history as well as her national adventure spirit . Thus , island naturally becomes an indispensable theme in British literature. • Early from The Tempest by William Shakespeare in the 16th century to Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defore in the 17th , from The Coral Island by R1M1Ballantyne in the 19th century to Lord of the Flies by William Golding in modern literature , there are indeed quite a number of literary works on island , which have been known as island literature. Yet , island literature does not mean to explore a way to escape from the s ociety. The island here is just a carrier , a mean to express its theme. • [ Key words] island literature ; geographical position ; theme
A rtistic fe a ture s
◆ Defoe had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible and fascinating. ◆ His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration. ◆ His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best. ◆ His novels enjoyed great popularity among the middle class.
《鲁滨逊漂流记》中表现的笛福宗教观 The Religious Views in Daniel Defoe‘s Robinson Crusoe
• 【英文摘要】In religious values, Defoe was greatly influenced by the philosophers such as John Locke. He maintained the freedom of religion and was against autocratic monarchy. Defoe's views for religion were fully reflected in his char acter of Robinson in Robinson Crusoe. • 在宗教思想上笛福受洛克等哲学家的影响 , 反对专制 ,主张信仰自由 ,笛福的这种宗教 观集中地从其小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》的鲁 滨逊这个人物形象身上充分地表现出来。
Friday:
– The first nonwhite character described in English novels, hence a huge literary and cultural importance.
Robinson and Friday
• Friday : Friendship , Loyalty ,
Features of Defoe’s Novels
• Defoe is an anti-romantic, anti-feudal （反封建制度的 ）realistic writer. His stories are all real concerns of his time: people in their struggle to overcome the natural or social environment.
Characterization
Robinson Crusoe ◆ Self-independent; perseverant; inspiring and innovating,
adventurous, colonial mind; practical perseverant – he is here a real hero: a typical eighteenthcentury English middle-class man with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience & persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. – He is the very prototype（原型） of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.
based on the experiences of Alexander Selkirk, a captain lived alone in an island for 5 years. creating a visual picture that manifests how human history has developed from the primitive (原始的)to the feudal（封建的） and then to the capitalistic（资本主义的） in the 18th century. describes how Robinson, a 18-century middleclass tradesman, experienced his romantic life on a wild island for 28 years.
Gratitude • Robinson: The Ambivalence of Mastery a. the Master-Slave relationship ----- a companionship under his dominance b. a feeling of brotherhood that exceeds Robinson's colonizing position.
Selected Readings (p.176-186)
Robinson Crusoe
About Robinson Crusoe The hero: Robinson Crusoe Crusoe’s Life on the Island Related Analysis
About Robinson Crusoe
Defoe’s Works (p.172-173)
Fictions: Robinson Crusoe (1719) 《鲁滨逊漂流记》 Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》 (1720) Duncan Campbell (1720) 《邓肯坎贝尔》 Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720) 《一个骑士的回忆录》 Colonel Jack (1722) 《陆军上校杰克》 Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》 (1722) Journal of the Plague Year 《大疫年纪事》 (1722) The History of the Devil (1726) 《魔鬼的历史》
plot
3 parts: Part 1---about Crusoe’s three voyages; Part 2---about his hard struggles against nature on a small deserted island; (the body of the novel) Part 3---about what happened after his return.