英语学科专业知识
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
政府部门从事简单重复工作的白领也像农场工人、公共汽车司机和商店职员一样大脑细胞容易收缩。
--4--
6. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. 靠左边最外面的小叉是用来吃沙拉的，沙拉经常和汤一起上。
护工作。 (省译名词)
转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换
(1)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)
--3--
1. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time. 因为得不到贷款，无法按时开业，这家百货商店损失惨重。
2. She is a very capable housewife but she likes to purchase things on impulse. Her kitchen cabinets are always full of clutter that will eventually be discarded. 她是一位很能干的家庭主妇，但喜欢凭一时冲动购物，厨房橱柜里总是堆满乱七八糟的东西，最终还是会丢弃的。 3. University students should have the resolve to live a frugal lifestyle and should not try to keep up with the Joneses or follow trends and fads . They should know that only when you mind the pennies will the dollars take care of themselves . 大学生应该有决心过节俭生活，不要和别人比阔气或追求时尚；要知道：钱这东西，只有积少才会成多。
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
7. [A] formed [B] altered [C] believed[ D] thought
8. [A] operation [B] position [C] motion [D] location
9. [A] how [B] which [C] that [D] what
10.[A] around [B] across [C] on
拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个
短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英.
I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
19.[A] obliged [B] likely [C] probable [D] partial
20.[A] perfect [B] better [C] reasonable [D] correct
--2--
翻译Tips: 分析句子结构，理解句子含义；使用汉语恰当表达； 进一步核实，进一步推敲。
the world, students are not__19__to replace them with the __20__ one.
1. [A] excessive [B] extra [C] additional [D] added
2. [A] what [B] which [C] that [D] other
(2)Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 (动词转名词)
倒置法：在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠
倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙 事的一般逻辑顺序
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.改革开放以来，中 国发生了巨大的变化。(全部倒置)
them__13__their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts
and the__14__personal understanding of the world can__15__side by side，each unaffected by the
8. At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。 9. China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他 用地。 10. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so， and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. 注意你如果不这么做(系安全带)的话，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安 全带的理由。
3. [A] virtually [B] remarkably [C] ideally [D] preferably
4. [A] learned [B] suggested [C] taught [D] advised
5. [A] those [B] these [C] who [D] they
6. [A] on [B] with [C] under [D] for
[D] above
11.[A] since [B] so [C] while [D] for
12.[A] to [B] by [C] in [D] with
13.[A] with [B] into [C] to [D] along
14.[A] adult's [B] teacher's [C] scientist's [D] student's
other.
Outside of class，the student continues to use the__16__model because it has always worked
well__17__that circumstance. Unless professors address__18__errors in students’ personal models of
4. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. 系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
5. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are， however， as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker， bus driver and shop assistant.
7. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older. 而当一位女士被介绍给男士或女士时，她无需起立，除非那是一位比她年长的妇人。
2015安徽教师统一招聘考试培训课程
《课程名称》
英语学科专业知识
授课老师：****
--1--
完形填空Tips: 细读首句，推测大意；通读全文，找关键词； 瞻前顾后，上下连贯；复核全文，消除疏漏。
In a telephone survey of more than 2, 000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around
分析: 该句共有三层含义: A: 人们不敢出门；B: 尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况；C: 警察也和其他人一 样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中，B表示让步，C表示原因，而A则表示结果。按照汉语习惯顺序，我们可将句子翻译为:
尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义 。
(1)What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)
(2) The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.中国政府历来重视环境保
综合法: 事实上，在翻译一个英语长句时，并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法，而是要综合使用到各种方法 People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
the earth. An __1__ 7% did not know which revolved around__2__. I have no doubt that__3__all of
these people were__4__in school that the earth revolves around the sun；__5__may even have written
it __6__ the test. But they never__7__their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的)__8__because
their every day observations didn’t support __9__ their teachers told them: People see the sun moving
15.[A] exist [B] occur [C] survive [D] maintain
16.[A] private [B] individual [C] personal [D] own
17.[A] in [B] with [C] on [D] for
18.[A] general [B] natural [C] similar [D] specific
__10__ the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary (静止的)__11__ that is
happening.
Students can learn the right answers __12__ heart in class，and yet never combined
--4--
6. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. 靠左边最外面的小叉是用来吃沙拉的，沙拉经常和汤一起上。
护工作。 (省译名词)
转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换
(1)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)
--3--
1. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time. 因为得不到贷款，无法按时开业，这家百货商店损失惨重。
2. She is a very capable housewife but she likes to purchase things on impulse. Her kitchen cabinets are always full of clutter that will eventually be discarded. 她是一位很能干的家庭主妇，但喜欢凭一时冲动购物，厨房橱柜里总是堆满乱七八糟的东西，最终还是会丢弃的。 3. University students should have the resolve to live a frugal lifestyle and should not try to keep up with the Joneses or follow trends and fads . They should know that only when you mind the pennies will the dollars take care of themselves . 大学生应该有决心过节俭生活，不要和别人比阔气或追求时尚；要知道：钱这东西，只有积少才会成多。
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
7. [A] formed [B] altered [C] believed[ D] thought
8. [A] operation [B] position [C] motion [D] location
9. [A] how [B] which [C] that [D] what
10.[A] around [B] across [C] on
拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个
短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英.
I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
19.[A] obliged [B] likely [C] probable [D] partial
20.[A] perfect [B] better [C] reasonable [D] correct
--2--
翻译Tips: 分析句子结构，理解句子含义；使用汉语恰当表达； 进一步核实，进一步推敲。
the world, students are not__19__to replace them with the __20__ one.
1. [A] excessive [B] extra [C] additional [D] added
2. [A] what [B] which [C] that [D] other
(2)Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 (动词转名词)
倒置法：在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠
倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙 事的一般逻辑顺序
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.改革开放以来，中 国发生了巨大的变化。(全部倒置)
them__13__their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts
and the__14__personal understanding of the world can__15__side by side，each unaffected by the
8. At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。 9. China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他 用地。 10. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so， and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. 注意你如果不这么做(系安全带)的话，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安 全带的理由。
3. [A] virtually [B] remarkably [C] ideally [D] preferably
4. [A] learned [B] suggested [C] taught [D] advised
5. [A] those [B] these [C] who [D] they
6. [A] on [B] with [C] under [D] for
[D] above
11.[A] since [B] so [C] while [D] for
12.[A] to [B] by [C] in [D] with
13.[A] with [B] into [C] to [D] along
14.[A] adult's [B] teacher's [C] scientist's [D] student's
other.
Outside of class，the student continues to use the__16__model because it has always worked
well__17__that circumstance. Unless professors address__18__errors in students’ personal models of
4. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. 系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
5. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are， however， as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker， bus driver and shop assistant.
7. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older. 而当一位女士被介绍给男士或女士时，她无需起立，除非那是一位比她年长的妇人。
2015安徽教师统一招聘考试培训课程
《课程名称》
英语学科专业知识
授课老师：****
--1--
完形填空Tips: 细读首句，推测大意；通读全文，找关键词； 瞻前顾后，上下连贯；复核全文，消除疏漏。
In a telephone survey of more than 2, 000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around
分析: 该句共有三层含义: A: 人们不敢出门；B: 尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况；C: 警察也和其他人一 样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中，B表示让步，C表示原因，而A则表示结果。按照汉语习惯顺序，我们可将句子翻译为:
尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义 。
(1)What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)
(2) The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.中国政府历来重视环境保
综合法: 事实上，在翻译一个英语长句时，并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法，而是要综合使用到各种方法 People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
the earth. An __1__ 7% did not know which revolved around__2__. I have no doubt that__3__all of
these people were__4__in school that the earth revolves around the sun；__5__may even have written
it __6__ the test. But they never__7__their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的)__8__because
their every day observations didn’t support __9__ their teachers told them: People see the sun moving
15.[A] exist [B] occur [C] survive [D] maintain
16.[A] private [B] individual [C] personal [D] own
17.[A] in [B] with [C] on [D] for
18.[A] general [B] natural [C] similar [D] specific
__10__ the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary (静止的)__11__ that is
happening.
Students can learn the right answers __12__ heart in class，and yet never combined