2021年高考英语二轮专题讲练 第9讲：复杂多变的动词之情态动词与虚拟语气 教师版
专题三复杂多变的动词
第九讲情态动词和虚拟语气
1．(2019·江苏单选题改编)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we________(have) a good time together.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据句意可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设，故填would have had。
答案：would have had
2．(2019·天津卷单选题改编)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they________(accomplish) the task in half the time.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据“the workers were not better organized”可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设，故填would have accomplished。
答案：would have accomplished
3．(2018·北京单选题改编)In today's information age，the loss of data________cause serious problems for a company.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会引起一个公司严重的问题。数据丢失引起严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。
答案：can
4．(2018·北京单选题改编)They might have found a better hotel if they__________(drive) a few more kilometers.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if________a few more kilometers 是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态。
答案：had driven
5．(2018·天津单选题改编)Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway________(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
解析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说《永别了武器》。根据“Without his
wartime experience”(没有战时的经历)，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用wouldn't have done句式。
答案：wouldn't have written
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might________(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
解析：考查情态动词。be made根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。
答案：be made
考点一常见的情态动词
1．can，could和be able to
can表示“有能力做某事”，只有现在式和过去式两种形式；be able to可用于各种时态，强调通过努力而成功地做某事，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。
The village was destroyed in the earthquake but that little dog was able to survive.
这个村庄在地震中毁灭了，但那只小狗竟然活了下来。
2．may，might(might为may的过去式)
(1)表示许可，意为“可以”。
—Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?
—Yes，you may.
——我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？
——是的，可以。
(2)表示可能性，might的可能性更小。
(3)“May＋主语＋动词原形”表示祝愿。
3．must
(1)must可用来表示必要性，意为“必须”，常用于肯定句中。用在否定句中时，其否定形式为must not 或mustn't，意为“禁止，不许”。
They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.
他们还帮助他理解人们必须合作并努力实现共同目标。
(2)must还可表示“偏偏，非要”，多用于疑问句中。
Must you play the violin at midnight？It disturbs the neighbors!
你偏要在半夜拉小提琴吗？这太打扰邻居们了！
4．shall，should
(1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该，必须”。
I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.
我许诺给他一件生日礼物。
(2)should表示责任或义务，意为“应当，应该”。也可表示惊讶、难以置信等，意为“竟然”。还可以用于虚拟语气中。
Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower？It will make her feel better.
为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。
5．will，would
will，would表示习惯性、经常性的行为，意为“总是”，还可表示请求或征求意见及意愿等。will 用于现在，would用于过去。
Will you join our discussion?
你愿意参加我们的讨论吗？
考点二情态动词表推测
考点三“情态动词＋have done”结构
1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
Looking at the large empty apartment，I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.
看着这个又大又空的公寓，我开始理解妈妈独自一人在巴西一定很孤单。
The boy might have known the truth，but I am not quite sure.
那个男孩也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。
I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldn't have spoken at the meeting.
我今天上午在会议室时没看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。
2．表示“与过去事实相反”
He could have gone on regretting it，as too many of us do.
他本可以继续为此而遗憾，正如我们中的很多人一样。
I needn't have taken the umbrella，for the weather is fine.
天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。
You might have given him more help，though you were busy then.
你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。
考点四if引导的条件从句中的虚拟结构
If my brother were here，everything would be all right.
要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。
If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.
如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。
If it should rain this afternoon，the basketball match would be put off.
要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。
[特别提醒]在if引导的虚拟条件句中，条件句的谓语动词中含有had，were，should 时，可以把if 省略，把had，were，should提到句首，变为部分倒装句。
Had you(＝If you had)come earlier，you would have caught the early bus.
如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。
考点五其他形式的虚拟语气
1．与表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等词相关的从句的虚拟语气
与表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
常见的这类动词的记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order，command)，三个建议(suggest，advise，propose)，四个要求(ask，require，demand，request)。
He suggested that we(should) start off early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早点出发。
[特别提醒]当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen money.
那个人坚持说他从没有偷过钱。
2．It is(high)time that...句型的虚拟语气
It is(high)time that...句型使用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形式为“过去式”或“should＋动词原形”，should 不能省略。
It is high time that we should start/started out.
我们该出发了。
3．wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语气
虚拟情况从句
与现在事实相反的愿望从句谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式形式用were)
与过去事实相反的愿望从句谓语动词用had done
与将来事实相反的愿望从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”
I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是一只鸟，能在天空中自由飞翔。
I wish (that)I had met that professor yesterday.
我多希望昨天见到了那个教授。
4．would rather后的宾语从句的虚拟语气
虚拟情况从句
与现在事实或将来事实相反从句用一般过去时(be的过去式形式用were)
与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时
I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.
要是他前天和我去海边就好了。
5．as if引导的状语从句、表语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟情况从句
与现在事实相反(表示与主句的动作同时发生
从句用一般过去时(be的过去式形式用were) 的动作或存在的状态)
与过去事实相反(表示在主句的动作之前发生
从句用过去完成时
的事情)
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。
[特别提醒]如果从句中描述的为事实或很可能是事实情况，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
6．if only引导的感叹句的虚拟语气
if only引导的感叹句中，表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，用“could/would＋动词原形”，译为“要是……就好了”。
If only I had seen the film.
要是我看过那部电影就好了。
判定情态动词和虚拟语气
1．意义和语气判断法
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
[语法填空典例]George________(not go)too far.His coffee is still warm.
分析：由下文的“His coffee is still warm.”可以看出，乔治应该是刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，应填can't/couldn't have gone。
2．时间判断法
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
[语法填空典例]I wish I________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.
分析：句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last Tuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构。故答案为had been。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(用合适的情态动词或虚拟语气填空)
1．(2020·黄山市质检)It is time we________(show)less respect for this kind of destructive thinking and focused on positive thinking more.
2．(2020·十二重点中学联考)—I have something important to tell John.But I can't find him.
—His cell phone is here，so he________have gone too far.
3．(2020·十二重点中学联考)There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened，________there be a sudden loud noise.
4．(2020·河北区总复习质检)—It's really great to have a computer to store my photos.
—Don't count on it too much.It________break down and you'd better make a copy of them.
5．(2020·东丽区毕业班质检)We________(visit) more places of interest yesterday，but we lost our way in that small village.
6．(2020·天津一中月考)It has been announced that all the candidates________remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
7．(2020·天津一中月考)Investigators urged that safety procedures at the construction site________(improve) as soon as possible.
8．(2020·苏锡镇调研)Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he________go out and buy something，usually something large and useless.
9．(2020·西安九校联考)Don't handle the vase as if it________(be) made of steel.
10．(2020·湖北武昌区高三调考)If we________(make) adequate preparations，the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
1．解析：考查固定句型。在it is(high) time that之后的从句中，谓语动词常用过去式或should do表示虚拟语气，所以填showed/should show。
答案：showed/should show
2．解析：考查情态动词。句意：——我有重要的事情要告诉John，但是我找不到他。——他的手机在这儿，所以他不可能走得太远。根据句意可知，此处是对过去的一种猜测，此处是表达不可能……，用can't have done。
答案：can't
3．解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装句。句意：如果突然有很大的响声，这些动物就真的有可能会受到惊吓。本句是一个省略了if的虚拟条件句，并且是与将来相反，从句可以使用“should＋动词原形”；原句为：If there should be a sudden loud noise，these animals could be frightened.
答案：should
4．解析：考查情态动词。句意：——有一台电脑来存储我的照片真是太好了。——别指望太多。这个电脑可能会发生故障，你最好把它们复制一份。本题中情态动词can表示可能性。
答案：can
5．解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天我们本可以参观更多的名胜古迹，但我们在那个小村庄迷路了。根据下文“we lost our way in that small village”可知本空是对过去的一种推测，would have done“本来可以做某事(却没有)”表示与过去的事实相反。
答案：would have visited
6．解析：考查情态动词用法。句意：据宣布，所有的候选人都要坐在位置上，直到所有的试卷都被收齐。根据句意可知本句是考试选择的规则，情态动词shall可以表示“按照规则/规定/法律要做的事情”。
答案：shall
7．解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：调查者敦促建筑工地上的安全操作要尽早改善。动词urge后的宾语从句要使用“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。本句主语safety procedures at the construction site与improve构成被动关系，要用被动语态，句中还省略了should。
答案：be improved
8．解析：考查情态动词。句意：安说，每当她父亲不高兴的时候，他就会出去买些东西，通常是一些又大又没用的东西。此处表示过去经常习惯做某事，故填would。
答案：would
9．解析：句意：不要把那个花瓶当作是钢做的那样搬运。as if引导的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词应用一般过去时，be动词用were。
答案：were
10．解析：句意：如果我们没有做好充分准备的话，会议就不会如此成功。分析句子结构可知本句是一个虚拟语气句式，根据主句中的wouldn't have been可知是对过去事情的虚拟，因此if条件从句要用had done形式来表示对过去发生事情的虚拟。
答案：hadn't made
Ⅱ.语篇填空(用情态动词和虚拟语气填空)
Rain or shine，Tom is always the first to arrive at the office.His home 1.________be very near the office，or he 2.________be always in time for work.How I wish that I 3.________(live) close to work，so that I 4.________not get up so early every day.Yesterday，for example，I would 5.________(arrive)in time for work as usual if I hadn't been caught in a traffic jam.The boss was so angry with me that he demanded I 6.________arrive at work early enough later on，saying that should I be caught late again，he 7.________(punish)me.
It's getting late，and I 8.________stop anything and go to bed，or I would get up late.Anyhow，it's time that I 9.________(go)to sleep，and I'd rather I 10.________(arrive) at work on time tomorrow.It would be bad to be
caught arriving late again.
答案：1.must 2.can't 3.lived 4.need 5.have arrived
6．should7.would punish8.must9.went/should go
10．arrived
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)他们可能是我们的老师、父母或长辈。至于我，我父亲是我最尊敬的人。
They______________________．As for me，my father is the person I respect most.
2．(2020·天津卷)作为一个新一代的青少年，我必须要有学习的动力，成长为一个对国家对社会有用的人。
As a new generation of teenagers，____________________________，growing up to become a useful person for the country to society.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)我希望你不辜负我们学校的期望。
__________________________the expectations of our school.
4．(2019·浙江卷)要不是你的帮助，我的英语学习就不会有这么大的进步。
But for your help，__________________________English-learning.
5．(2019·浙江卷)父母早应该把注意力集中在孩子的努力上，而不是结果上。
It is high time__________________________，rather than on results.
答案：1.may be our teachers，parents or one of our elders 2.I must be motivated to study hard 3.I wish you could live up to 4.I would not have made so great progress in 5.parents should focus/focused on children's efforts
Ⅲ语法填空真题专练3篇
（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷））
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___36___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___37___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___38___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum
___39___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___40___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___41___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___42___ (they) living at a different time in history or
___43___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____45____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
（2019全国1卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of
69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
61.62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
（2019全国2卷）
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 （be）Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64 （declare）she had no plans 65 （retire）from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make）over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 70 (wonder）.”
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷））
36. wealthy37. or38. formed39. which/that40. are called
42. themselves42. themselves43. walking44. accuracy45. for
（2019年1卷）61.that 62.poorly 63.of/for 64.to perform 65.have report
66.belief 67.noting 68.higher 69.the 70.are
（2019年2卷）61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have made
67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful