英语PPT肥胖
有关肥胖的英文ppt
ObesityLet's enjoy a group of picturesWhat's obesity?•obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health.•A person with a BMI of 30 or more is generally considered obese.•A person with a BMI equal to or more than 25 is considered overweight.•Nowadays,obesity has become a serious pro blem in the world.The reasons of obesity Some people become obesity,because they inherit their parents’obese gene.The UK researchers have discovered a commonly occurring gene variant that may explain why some people become overweight while others do not.Also, European and American are easier to get obese gene.So we can easily find a people who are overweight in American street and UK Street.People cannot change their obese gene.They can only keep a balanced diet and avoid eating too many fat,highcarbohydrate foods,such as chocolates, fried foods and carbonated drinks.•Moreover,more and more people lack of exercise is another reason to cause obesity. Because of the popularity of the Internet, teenagers began to indulge in the Internet. They just want to play computer games, online shopping and chat on Facebook Twitter…...they spend less time in playing sport and unlike previous youth to do various sport.They lack of exercise,lack of active and lack a best way to keep fit.•Besides,fast food is the best important rea son to cause obesity.Fast foods contain a large number of calories and unhealthful in gredients.Also,fast foods are composed of highfat,highcarbohydrate foods.Many t eenagers just want to eat fast foods which are deepfried.It is contributing to obesity. The study suggests that zoning laws restri cting fast food outlets within a set distance of schools could combat childhood obesit y in America.The adverse effectsRaised BMI(Body Mass Index)is a major risk factor for non communicable diseasesAffect the quality of lifeObesity has impact on the quality of life in many aspects, including the body function Sexual self-esteem and social interaction will affect the work, and with the increase of BMI and affect to deepen.It is worth attention, obesity will also reduce the expected life of lifeIndividual effort1.limit energy intakeTry to eat a larger concentration of foods made from whole grains(rotis,whole wheat breads,cookies and oatmeal)rather than refined or processed food. Try to drink water every time you get hungry or you are about to have a meal,just before a major meal like a lunch or dinner.Grains are more complex for the body to metabolize,taking a longer digestion route.This keeps the body busy for a longer period, ensuring that energy is released throughout the day.2.Increase consumption of soup and vegetables；If we eat soup first at tables,we can not only relive the feel of hunger,but also slow down the speed of our eating.At the same time,the soup can support lots of nutritionto body.After eating soup we can choose vegetable some to eat.Everyone knows that vegetable has a lower Calorie than starchy foods.After eating vegetables,our brains can receive the sign that we are full basically.3. A lot of physical activityYou don’t need to take upon heavy gym routines to exercise your problem areas.For instance,climbing up and down the stairs is one of the easiest,most accessible types of cardiovascular exercise that worksout your hips,legs and thighs bine this with undemanding calorieburners like brisk walks,walking to the nearby market, walking when talking on your mobile and taking upon more household chores.4.Psychological PreparednessDon’t be shy about your weight loss goals.In fact,use the people around you to your advantage.Announce it amongst your friends and family that they should thwart you every time you are headed for a bit piece of creamy cake or a cheeseloaded pizza.If you are fail to lose weightDon't worry!As if you are healthy and confident,you are also beautiful,a little fat may be you feature 。
英语肥胖PPT课件
BMI 分类 偏瘦 正常 超重 偏胖 肥胖 重度肥胖 极重度肥胖
WHO 标准 <18.5 18.5～24.9 ≥25 25.0～29.9 30.0～34.9 35.0～39.9 ≥40.0
亚洲标准 <18.5 18.5～22.9 ≥23 23～24.9 25～29.9 ≥30
中国参考标准 <18.5 18.5～23.9 ≥24 24～26.9 27～29.9 ≥30
infectious disease
obesity and overweight
Individuals ‘ effort
Individual effort
1. limit energy intake from total fats; 2. increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts; 3. limit the intake of sugars; 4. enchieve energy balance
•Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. •In 2008, 1.5 billion adults, 20 and older, were overweight. Of these over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese. •65% of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. •Nearly 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2010.
肥胖病ppt课件
10-20%---超重
理想体重
理想体重（kg）=身高(cm)-105 [身高（cm）-100]*0.9(男性) [身高（cm）-100]*0.85（女性）
其他衡量肥胖的方法
• •
CT和MRI（最准确） 生物电阻抗测定法 身体密度测量法 双能X线吸收法
CT扫描图像
世界上成人用BMI估测超重/肥胖
课程内容
概述 病因学及发病机制 病理生理 临床表现 诊断与鉴别诊断 治疗
一、脂肪细胞和脂肪组织
• • • • • 高度分化的细胞 储存和释放能量 内分泌器官 机体代谢及内环境稳定中发挥重要作用 数量增加，体积增大引发肥胖
二、脂肪的分部
• 男性：内脏和上腹部皮下，腹型或中心型肥 胖肥胖 • 女性：下腹部，臀部，股部皮下，外周性肥 胖 减肥更为困难
室旁核 下丘脑侧区 穹隆旁区
下丘脑弓状核
血液循环
神经肽Y 刺鼠相关蛋白 增加
阿黑皮素元 CART 抑制
食欲
体内参与调节摄食行为的活性物质
• 减少摄食的因子 • 增加摄食的因子 • 代谢产物 • 内源性大麻素系统
机体能量消耗
• 基础代谢 • 食物生热作用 • 体力活动的能力消耗 • 适应性生热作用
环境因素
能量摄取 营养 能量消耗
控制和调节因素 遗传物构成 饮食结构 体力活动 基础代谢产热
高脂饮食促使体重增加
脂肪
能量 9 千卡/克
蛋白质或 碳水化合物
能量 4 千卡/克
脂肪性食物:
口味好 易咀嚼 不易产生饱食感
节俭基因假说
• 在食物缺乏的情况下能有效地利用食物能量而生存 • 在食物供应丰富的情况下，引起肥胖和胰岛素抵抗
高血压和肥胖PPT课件.ppt
0.186 <0.001
0.253 <0.001
WC
r
p
0.639 <0.001
-
-
0.189 <0.001
0.232 <0.001
Correlation analysis of WC、BMI and blood pressure (Female)
Female
BMI WC SBP DBP
BMI
r
p
WC and risk factor clustering
70
R 60 A T E 50
O F 40
R 30 F > = 20 2
% 10
0
60
70
80
90
100
wai st
SEX
1
Male
2
Female
The prevalence of clustering of risk factors increased with increasing levels of WC.
Data source and analysis
A study was conducted in Anhui and Henan provinces in 1996 by Chen Junshi and Zhao Wenhua. Totally 11,815 rural residents aged 40-79 were surveyed and information included blood pressure, high, weight and waist circumference, diet and blood sample were collected.
肥胖pptppt课件
导致单纯性肥胖的原因 遗传因素 社会环境的因素 心理的因素 运动有关的因素
防治措施 1、 适当减低膳食热量。 2、 用低热值食品代替高热食品，用家禽肉、瘦肉代替肥肉。 用鸡蛋、牛奶、豆制品代替糖多、油大的点心。巧克力、奶 油冰激凌、糖果应不吃。 3 、尽量不消减食物的体积和数量。在减少糖多、油大、热 值高的食品的同时增加蔬菜、豆类、豆制品等茎类蔬菜如： 芹菜、油菜、小白菜;瓜类蔬菜如：冬瓜、西葫芦等。 4 、优先考虑消减主食。主食和肥肉一样吃得过多都会引起 肥胖。
LOGO 肥胖 定义：肥胖是指一定程度 的明显超重与脂肪层过厚， 是体内脂肪，尤其是甘油 三酯积聚过多而导致的一 种状态。由于食物摄入过 多或机体代谢的改变而导 致体内脂肪积聚过多造成 体重过度增长并引起人体 病理、生理改变或潜伏。
LOGO
评定标准 1.肥胖度 肥胖度=（实际体重-标准体重）÷标准体重×±100% 2.肥胖的判定 目前常用的体重指数（body mass index）简称BMI，又 译为体质指数。它是一种计算身高比体重（weight for height）的指数。
治疗肥胖的草药 草本曲纤类 海藻 海带 赤小豆 绿茶多酚 瓜拿那 甲壳素 山楂
减肥方法 灌肠减肥法 渗透压减肥法 桑拿减肥法 奶粉减肥法 跳绳减肥法 普洱茶减肥法 最好的减肥方法是控制饮食和多运动。
膳食减肥原则 （1）食物多样、谷物为主 （2）控制食物量，不能多吃蔬菜、水果和薯类 含丰富蔬 菜、水果和薯类的膳食。这些食物吃多了，同样发胖。 （3）常吃豆类及其制品 含有丰富的蛋白质和维生素，含 钙量较高，利用率高。 （4）经常吃适量的鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉，少吃肥肉和荤油
2.病理性肥胖（继发性肥胖）
病理性肥胖包括的范围较 广,但主要是指因某种疾病 引起的肥胖,如柯兴氏综合 征、甲状腺机能减退性肥 胖、肝炎后肥胖等,单纯性 肥胖出现较严重的并发症, 也意味着肥胖成为病理性。
肥胖的并发症 英文ppt
76
Relationship Between BMI and Percent Body Fat in Men and Women
70 60
Women Men
Body Fat (%)
50 40 30 20 10 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
Adapted from: Gallagher et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:694.
25 20
*
Without metabolic syndrome With metabolic syndrome
Prevalence (%)
15 10 5 0 CHD
*P < 0.001.
* *
MI Stroke
Isomaa B et al. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:683-689.
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Varies by Sex and Race/Ethnicity (NHANES III)
40
White 36% African-American Mexican-American Other 26% 23% 20%
Prevalence (%)
Mortality Rate (%)
20 15 10 5 0
* *
All-cause Mortality
*P < 0.001.
Isomaa B et al. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:683-689.
Cardiovascular Mortality
Obesity_肥胖英语演讲说课讲解
Men:14.3% Women:15.4%
Men:20% Women:25%
Boy:11.46% Girl: 9.18%
Boy:18.2% Girl:16.3%
The effect of Obesity
Being obese associated with diseases.For example, being obese can lead to heart attack or high blood pressure.More than 83 percent of all heart disease is caused by obesity or being overweight.
（表格）.You can have a look.
Backetball:7.5 Football:7.2 Volleyball:4.5
Badminton:5.8 Running:15.0
Swimming:11.0 Hiking:5.5 Billiard:3.0
Sleeping:0.8 Tennis:7.0
1
food.
2. Exercise
2
- Do sports for an hour every
day.
3
3. Take drugs
-Take diet pills,but it will do harm to
your health.Don't try this unless you are
4
cornered[ˈkɔ:nəd ](走投无路) .
about 20% of men and 25% of women are estimated Obesity and overweight.
肥胖及其防治ppt课件
充血性心力衰竭、高血压、脂质异常血症、睡眠
时呼吸暂停综合症及某些癌症(如卵巢癌、胸腺癌 和结肠癌)等的发病率和死亡率。
营养过剩与肥胖
随着世界上许多国家工业化和城市化的程度不断加 深,肥胖症的发病率和死亡率也随之不断升高,预防和 治疗肥胖症已经成为21世纪的首要健康问题。以 BMI为衡量标准,1976-1980年间,美国人超重或肥 胖的比率为47%;而1999年的统计数字表明,超重或
肥胖的比率已经上升到了61%。在英国,1980年,肥
胖的发病率分别为:成年男性6%,成年女性8%;1998 年,肥胖的发病率分别增长为17%和21%。
现状调查
在中国的城市中，52%的成年男性和42% 的成年女性属于超重或肥胖。另据北京市疾 病控制中心2004年1月17日公布的调查数字, 北京人患有血脂异常、肥胖症、冠心病等八 种与生活方式密切相关疾病的总患病水平为 31.18%,比2000年北京慢性病患病水平高出 了4.5个百分点。其中,城区患病率高于郊区 县,血脂异常、高血压和肥胖症分列在总患病 率水平的前3名。
肥胖及其防治
肥胖（obesity)
• • • • •
肥胖的定义及诊断 肥胖的流行情况 肥胖的病因 肥胖对健康的影响 肥胖的预防和治疗
肥胖症是遗传因素与环境因素共同作用所导 致的营养代谢障碍性疾病，是慢性疾病发生的主
要诱因，它可以诱发与心血管疾病相关的多种代
谢功能异常，会增加II型糖尿病、冠心病、中风、
肥胖的发病机制
• 遗传因素
• 环境因素
* 营养素摄入的不平衡
* 能量代谢失调 * 中枢机制 * 脂代谢学说
能量平衡
• 能量需要量是指长期保持良好的健康状态，具有良好
的体型、机体构成和活动水平的个体，达到能量平衡 并能满足维持从事生产劳动和社会活动所必需的能量 摄入。 能量消耗 – 基础代谢（basal metabolism） – 体力活动（physical activity） – 食物特殊动力作用（specific dynamic action） – 对于儿童、孕妇和乳母，能量消耗还包括满足组织 生长和分泌乳汁的需要
肥胖症PPT
肥胖的遗传因素
2，遗传与局部脂肪分布: 研究表明，肩胛下皮褶厚度的
遗传度为 77％，三头肌皮褶厚度 的遗传度为29%。
肥胖的遗传因素
瘦素对体内脂肪的调节： a，抑制食欲，减少能量摄入：饱食因子 b，促进能量消耗 c，抑制脂肪合成
肥胖的环境因素
1.饮酒
2.吸烟
肥胖的环境因素
3.饮食
4.运动不足
肥胖症的分类
三 肥胖的判定标准 1，成人肥胖的判定标准
评价身体肥胖程度的指标包括身高、体重、体重 指数（BMI）、标准体重表及计算标准体重的公 式。适合亚洲国家的计算标准体重的经验公式： 标准体重（kg）=身高（cm）-100 BMI：男性＞27 女性＞25为肥胖
肥胖症的分类
2，小儿肥胖的判定标准 我国新生儿出生体重：2.5~4kg；为便于了解和检测小儿体重 增长的情况，可按以下公式粗略估计同龄小儿的标准体重。 1~6月体重(kg)=出生体重(kg)+月龄*0.7 7~12月体重(kg)=出生体重(kg)+6*0.7+(月龄-6)*0.4 2~12岁体重(kg)=年龄*2 (kg)+8 (kg)
增加
25.0–29.9
中度增加
>=30
严重增加
亚洲成人BMI标准及相关疾病的危险
爲了防止他人使用软件爬取本文档，我加入了版权声明，不影响您使用， 用时把此页删除即可。用軟體爬取的文檔沒有動畫效果，並且大段文字被 切割成了很多小文本框，在修改時比較麻PPT中無背景的PNG圖片都不存在，還需要你自己去除背 景。反對軟體爬取，請用原版。
肥胖的环境因素
5.生活方式 6.地理环境：亚热带少，寒带多 7.心理：好静不好动者多 8.教育水平与社会经济地位：发达国家低 收入肥胖症多，发展中国家反之
肥胖PPT课件
9/30/2019
Eating Disorders
16
Bulimia Nervosa
9/30/2019
Eating Disorders
17
Diagnostic Features
• A. Recurrent binge eating
• B. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain
9/30/2019
Eating Disorders
18
Essential Features of Binge Eating
• Large amount of food consumed in a small amount of time (< 2 hours)
• During the eating episode there is the distinct feeling of being out of control over one’s eating
• Medical complications:
– Increases risk for
• Heart disease and stroke • Certain forms of cancer • Diabetes
– Contributes to other known risk factors
• Elevated serum cholesterol • Hypertension • Physical inactivity
– Internalization of the thin ideal predicts future bulimic symptoms (Kendler et al, 1991; Joiner et al., 1997; Stice et al, 2000)
Obesity 肥胖
Treatment of Obesity
The loss of 1 lb of fat requires 3500 calorie deficit. Therefore a calorie deficit of 500-1000 calories per day will result in a weight loss of 1 to 2 lb per week.
Indicatrix
• • • • • Normal:18.5-22.9 Overweight:BMI is 23-27.9 Obesity:BMI>28-34.9 Morbid obesity :BMI>35 Central obesity can be determined by calculating a waist hip ratio. Waist-hip ratio(WHR)>1.0 in men >0.85 in women
Meat
here Ham:117cal/100g
Lean:150cal/100g Fish:110cal/100g Chicken :130cal/100g
Fruit
Exercise Is Signficant
Consuming calories per kg per hour (kcal/kg· hr)*Weight(kg)*Exercise time(hr) ※E.g:A man,50kg,has exercised football for 3 hours. Total consume energy（kcal） = 7.2 kcal/kg· *50 kg* 3hr hr = 1080 kcal
※Unit: kcal/kg· hr
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To personality
Healthy risk Quality of life
To some country
1 The definition. 2 Current situation. 3 The causes. 4 The adverse effects. 5 How can overweight and obesity be reduced?
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. The WHO standard: A person with a BMI of 30 or more is generally considered obese. A person with a BMI equal to or more than 25 is considered overweight.
BMI 分类 偏瘦 正常
WHO 标准 <18.5 18.5～24.9
亚洲标准 <18.5 18.5～22.9
中国参考标准 <18.5 18.5～23.9
超重
偏胖
≥25
25.0～29.9Fra bibliotek≥2323～24.9
≥24
24～26.9
肥胖
重度肥胖 极重度肥胖
30.0～34.9
35.0～39.9 ≥40.0
25～29.9
China
A report warns that obesity rates will double by 2028 if the we fails to take action.
The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended;
While they continue to deal with the problems of infectious disease and under-nutrition, they are experiencing a rapid upsurge in no communicable disease risk factors such as obesity and overweight, particularly in urban settings.
Facing a double burden of disease
Raised BMI is a major risk factor for non communicable diseases
Many low- and middle-income countries are now facing a "double burden" of disease.
≥30
27～29.9
≥30
.
•Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. •In 2008, 1.5 billion adults, 20 and older, were overweight. Of these over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese. •65% of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. •Nearly 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2010.
infectious disease
obesity and overweight
Individuals ‘ effort
Individual effort
1. limit energy intake from total fats; 2. increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts; 3. limit the intake of sugars; 4. engage in regular physical activity; 5. achieve energy balance