中西方饮食文化差异论文
中美饮食论文
中美饮食论文引言中美两国的饮食文化在世界范围内都拥有重要地位。
中华食文化源远流长，讲究营养均衡、口味多样；而美国饮食文化则以多样性和快餐文化而闻名。
本文将比较中美两国的饮食文化，探讨其异同并分析其中的原因。
1. 饮食习惯1.1 中华饮食文化中国是一个拥有五千年文明历史的古老国家，因此其饮食文化也流传至今。
中国饮食文化的标志主要有以下几个方面：•营养均衡：中华饮食文化中强调五谷杂粮、蔬菜水果、鱼肉蛋奶等食物的搭配，追求饮食的平衡和健康。
•烹饪技巧：中国有着丰富的烹饪技巧，如蒸、炒、炸、煮、炖等多种烹饪手法，使得食物保持原汁原味的同时增添了口感。
•地域差异：中国地域广阔，不同地区的饮食文化也存在差异，如川菜、粤菜、鲁菜等代表了不同地方的饮食传统。
1.2 美国饮食文化美国是一个移民国家，拥有多元化的饮食文化。
美国饮食文化的特点主要有以下几个方面：•多样性：美国饮食文化受到各国移民的影响，融合了来自世界各地的饮食习惯，如意大利披萨、墨西哥玉米卷等。
因此，美国被称为一个全球美食的集合地。
•快餐文化：美国是快餐文化的发源地，快餐食品如汉堡、炸鸡、薯条等已经成为国际知名的美式食品，并迅速传遍全球。
•超大份量：美国人对食物的要求通常是“量大且物美”，大份量的食物已经成为美国餐桌上的一种常态。
2. 饮食习惯的差异中美饮食文化存在一些差异，主要表现在以下几个方面：2.1 食材选择在食材选择上，中美两国由于地理环境和文化差异而存在不同。
中国食材以大米、面食、豆类、肉类、海鲜等为主，讲究食物的新鲜和滋补功效。
而美国则以牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉等肉类为主，同时辅以各类蔬菜和水果。
2.2 烹饪方式中华饮食文化注重食物的原味，烹饪方式多样。
常见的烹饪方法有蒸、煮、炒、炖等。
而美国饮食文化倾向于煎炸烤等高温烹饪方式，以追求食物的口感和香气。
2.3 用餐方式中国人通常以米饭或面食为主食，搭配多样的菜肴，采用筷子进行进食。
而美国人则以主食和菜肴的分别进食，用刀叉进行取食，注重菜肴的口感和味道。
中西方餐饮文化差异
中西饮食内容差异
中国：中国是一个农业大国 ,饮食从先秦开始就以谷物为 主 ,植物 类占主导地位 ,谷类蔬菜居多 ,肉食比较少。
中国人喜欢热食 ,认为菜凉了 ,就失去了许多鲜味。 中国人的饮食结构以谷类即淀粉为主 。
西方：西方国家秉承游牧民族、航海民族的文化血统 ,以
渔猎、养殖为主 ,荤食比较多 ,以牛肉、羊肉|、猪肉、鱼 等为主。
中西饮食文化差异论文中西文化差异对翻译的影响
言语与文化的联系密不成分。翻 译是一种特别的跨文化言语寒暄 勾当。因为中西文化千差万别，
因此，作为跨文化言语寒暄勾当 的一种方式，翻译离不开文化不 同对其发作的影说，如 果直译的话，很容易产生误解。譬如：夫妻 肺片Tripe in Chili Sauce(泡在辣椒酱里面的 牛肉和黄牛肚)而如果直译成Husband and wife’s Lungslice片，外国人肯定是不能理解 的。再有，可使用汉语拼音命名，如饺子： jiaozi，也可使用方言来拼写，翻译的过程 中，为了避免直译产生误解，我们可以从主 料、烹饪方式、形状或口感等方面来着手翻 译。
中国饮食文化突出养助益充的营卫论（素食为主，重视药膳和进 补），并且讲究“色、香、味”俱全。五味调和的境界说（风味鲜 明，适口者珍，有“舌头菜”之誉），奇正互变的烹调法（厨规为 本，灵活变通），畅神怡情的美食观（文质彬彬，寓教于食）等4大 属性，有着不同于海外各国饮食文化的天生丽质。中国的饮食文化 除了讲究菜肴的色彩搭配要明媚如画外，还要搭配用餐的氛围产生 的一种情趣，它是中华民族的个性与传统，更是中华民族传统礼仪 的凸现方式。
(二)精神文化不同对翻译的影响 比如;在饮食方面，中国的“饺子”、“粽子”较着和西方 国家的hamburger，pizza大不不异。翻译时固然可以用音 译法，但要真想让外国人大白，就要停止填补说明。
中西方饮食差异论文
中西⽅饮⾷差异论⽂论⽂常⽤来指进⾏各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的⽂章，它既是探讨问题进⾏学术研究的⼀种⼿段，⼜是描述学术研究成果进⾏学术交流的⼀种⼯具。
论⽂⼀般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正⽂、参考⽂献和附录等部分组成。
论⽂在形式上是属于议论⽂的，但它与⼀般议论⽂不同，它必须是有⾃⼰的理论系统的，应对⼤量的事实、材料进⾏分析、研究，使感性认识上升到理性认识。
中西⽅饮⾷差异论⽂1 摘要：饮⾷⽂化是跨⽂化交际中⾮语⾔⽂化的重要组成部分之⼀。
了解中西⽅饮⾷⽂化的差异，对于外语学习者来讲，不仅能加深对所学语⾔⽂化的理解，更能提⾼跨⽂化交际的成功率。
本⽂从中西⽅饮⾷⽂化⽤餐形式和礼仪的差异、饮⾷观念的差异、饮⾷结构的差异、烹饪的差异等⽅⾯⼊⼿，对中西⽅饮⾷⽂化进⾏了⽐较，⽬的在于明确中西⽅饮⾷⽂化差异，消除界限，增进了解，促进交流。
关键词：中西⽅饮⾷⽂化⽂化差异形式和礼仪观念结构 ⼀、引⾔ 饮⾷⽂化是跨⽂化交际中⾮语⾔⽂化的重要组成部分之⼀。
饮⾷与⽂化紧密相关，不同的民族因其⽣活地域、⽓候环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，⽽创造出不同的饮⾷⽂化。
传统的西⽅⽂化是畜牧⽂化和海洋⽂化，⽽中国是农耕⽂化和陆地⽂化，两种不同的⽂化反映出⼈们⽣活⽅式的差异，⽽饮⾷的差异则深刻透露⾃⾝的⽂化背景。
⼆、中西⽤餐形式和礼仪的差异 中国⾃古以来的礼仪就有以和为贵的思想观念，以和为贵的思想体现在从古⾄今中国⼈在开席时都有⼀家⼈在⼀起就餐的观念，体现了中国传统的饮⾷礼仪。
中国⼈的聚⾷制延续千年。
在中国，任何⼀个宴席，都是⼤家团团围坐，共享⼀席。
筵席要⽤圆桌，从形式上营造团结、礼貌、共趣的⽓氛。
这就是聚⾷制，聚⾷制的起源很早，从许多地下⽂化遗存的发掘可见，古代炊间和聚⾷的地⽅是统⼀的，炊间在住宅的中央，上有天窗出烟，下有篝⽕，⽕上安放陶釜、陶⿍，在⽕上做炊，就⾷者围⽕聚⾷。
这种聚⾷古俗⼀直延续⾄后世。
美味佳肴放在⼀桌⼈的中⼼，它既是⼀桌⼈欣赏、品尝的对象，⼜是⼀桌⼈感情交流的媒介物。
中西饮食文化的差异 论文
Hunan Information Science V ocational CollegeGraduation ThesisSubject: A Comparison of Food Culture BetweenChina and Western CountriesName: Tang WenStudent No.: 1103020239Specialty and Class: Business English,Class 2Department: Department of Hunan and ArtsSupervisor: Fang leiyiDate:2014-3-16ContentsIntroduction (1)1.Introduction to Diet Idea (2)1.1Diet Idea in Western Countries (2)1.2Diet Idea in China (3)2.The Differences of Diet Object Between China and Western Countries (3)2.1Materials of Food (3)2.2Differences of Diet Object (4)2.2.1Chinese Food Advocates.. Vegetarianism (5)2.2.2Western Food Pay Attention to Nutrition (5)3.The Different Method Of Diet (6)3.1Dinning Way (6)3.2 Table Ware (6)3.3 Dinning Etiquette (7)4.The Future Prospects Of Chinese and Western Diet (8)Conclusion (9)Bibliography (10)Acknowledgements (11)摘要在悠久的历史文化中，中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学造就了中西文化的差异，从而造就了中西方饮食文化的差异。
你有30分钟的时间写一篇关于中美文化饮食差异的短文
你有30分钟的时间写一篇关于中美文化饮食差异的短文
《中美文化饮食差异》
由于文化背景和历史传统的不同，中美两国在饮食文化上存在着显著的差异。
这些差异不仅体现在食物的选择、烹饪方法上，还包括用餐习惯和礼仪等方面。
美国是一个移民国家，其饮食文化受到来自世界各地移民的影响，因此形成了一种多元化的饮食风格。
美国人喜欢食用快餐、烤肉、汉堡、炸鸡等高热量、高脂肪的食物。
此外，美国人还非常注重食物的外观和口感，他们喜欢在食物中添加各种调味料和佐料，以满足自己的味蕾需求。
相比之下，中国的饮食文化更加注重食物的色、香、味、形的协调统一。
中国菜肴讲究荤素搭配、色香味俱佳，而且非常注重食材的选择和烹饪方法的合理性。
在中国，不同地区有着不同的饮食习惯和特色菜肴，如川菜、粤菜、湘菜等。
在用餐习惯和礼仪方面，中美两国也存在着一些差异。
在美国，人们通常使用刀叉就餐，而且在用餐时喜欢分餐制；而在中国，人们则更习惯使用筷子就餐，并且在用餐时往往采用共餐制。
中美两国的饮食文化各有特色。
了解并尊重彼此的饮食差异有助于增进两国人民之间的相互理解和友谊。
同时，通过相互学习和交流，我们可以促进中美两国饮食文化的融合与发展。
中西方文化之间的差异表现及原因论文精选4篇
中西方文化之间的差异表现及原因论文精选4篇【摘要】：中西两家因为深受不同的社会文化、历史文化和各种社会背景的影响，从而导致两种不同文化的产生，餐桌礼仪文化业因此应运而生，餐桌礼仪文化是饮食文化的一部分，中西饮食文化的不同是中西民族文化差异的重要组成部分。
每个国家、每个地区的每种民族都在饮食中自觉不自觉的透露着自己深刻的文化背景。
本着重论述中西方在餐桌礼仪文化上的差异，剖析中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异的具体表现渊源。
【关键词】：餐桌礼仪文化差异宴会礼仪(1)在当你应邀赴宴时，你对同桌进餐的人和餐桌上的谈话，大概要比对饮食要更感兴趣。
因此进餐时，应该尽可能地少一些声响，少一些动作。
(2)女主人一拿起餐巾时，你也就可以拿起你的餐巾，放在腿上。
有时餐巾中包有一只小面包；如果是那样的话就把它取也，放在旁边的小碟上。
(3)餐巾如果很大，就双叠着放在腿上；如果很小，就全部打开。
千万别将餐巾别在领上或背心上，也不要在手中乱揉。
可以用餐巾的一角擦去嘴上或手指上的油渍或脏物。
千万别用它来擦刀叉或碗碟。
(4)正餐通常从汤开始。
在你座前最大的一把匙就是汤匙，它就在你的右边的盘子旁边。
不要错用放在桌子中间的那把匙子，因为那可能是取蔬菜可果酱用的。
(5)在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前，客人不得食用任何一道菜。
女主人通常要等到每位客人都拿到菜后才开始。
她不会像中国习惯那样，请你先吃。
当她拿起匙或叉时，那就意味着大家也可以那样做了(6)如果有鱼这道菜的话，它多半在汤以后送上，桌上可能有鱼的一把专用叉子，它也可能与吃肉的叉子相似，通常要小一些，总之，鱼叉放在肉叉的外侧离盘较远的一侧。
(7)通常在鱼上桌之前，鱼骨早就剔净了，如果你吃的那块鱼还有刺的话，你可以左手拿着面包卷，或一块面包，右手拿着刀子，把刺拨开。
(8)如果嘴里有了一根刺，就应悄悄地，尽可能不引起注意地用手指将它取出，放在盘子边沿上，别放在桌上，或扔在地下。
法国餐桌礼仪七忌答应对方的邀请后如果临时有事要迟到甚至取消约会，必须事先通知对方。
中西方餐桌文化差异论文
中西方饮食文化差异以及餐桌礼仪的对比摘要：中西两家因为深受不同的社会文化、历史文化和各种社会背景的影响，从而导致两种不同文化的产生，餐桌礼仪文化业因此应运而生，餐桌礼仪文化是饮食文化的一部分，中西饮食文化的不同是中西民族文化差异的重要组成部分。
每个国家、每个地区的每种民族都在饮食中自觉不自觉的透露着自己深刻的文化背景。
本文着重论述中西方在餐桌礼仪文化上的差异，剖析中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异的具体表现和渊源。
Chinese and western two because by different social and cultural, historical and cultural and social background of influence, resulting in two different cultures of generation, table manners culture industry so arises at the historic moment, table manners culture is part of the diet culture, Chinese and western diet culture of different cultural differences between Chinese and western nations is an important component. Every country and every area of each nationality they are consciously or unconsciously in food in the revealed himself deep cultural background. This paper elaborates on table manners cultural differences between Chinese and western table manners, analyzes the cultural differences between the concrete manifestation and origins.关键词: 跨文化交际; 饮食文化; 餐桌礼仪; 文化差异进入21世纪以来, 跨文化交际已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的内容。
中西饮食文化差异论文怎么写
中西饮食文化差异论文怎么写饮食文化是文化的重要组成部分之一,不同的国家,不同的文化背景,饮食文化也各具特色。
下面是店铺为大家整理的中西饮食文化差异论文，供大家参考。
中西饮食文化差异论文篇一：浅谈中西饮食文化差异摘要：本文主要介绍中西文化及其差异，从文化和差异两方面叙述。
中西饮食文化的发展历史分别叙述美国和中国不同的文化历程，由于两方面不同的文化底蕴，在饮食上出现了差异。
本文主要从观念上的差异、宴会礼仪的差异，中西饮食文化的融合等方面展开论述。
最后介绍了西方饮食对中国产生的影响，从正反两方面论述。
了解中西饮食文化差异的同时，接受可以接受的部分并与中国饮食相融合，使我们日常生活中的饮食更加丰富，但又不乏自身特色。
这才是我们正确对待中西饮食文化的态度。
关键词：中西差异饮食文化餐饮礼节不同的民族和国家存在着各具特色的饮食文化。
具有浓郁的民族性和多样性的特点。
饮食文化的差异也是跨文化交际中影响交际结果的因素之一。
中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化;西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。
中西饮食文化的碰撞和交流丰富了全球的饮食文化。
一、从筷子与刀叉文化看中西饮食观念的差异刀叉因为适应欧洲人饮食习惯而出现，它和筷子影响了东西方不同的生活观念。
中华饮食刀叉的出现比筷子要晚很多。
据游修龄教授的研究，刀叉的最初起源和欧洲古代游牧民族的生活习惯有关，他们马上生活随身带刀，往往将肉烧熟，割下来就吃。
后来走向定居生活后，欧洲以畜牧业为主，面包之类是副食，直接用手拿。
主食是牛羊肉，用刀切割肉，送进口里。
到了城市定居以后，刀叉进入家庭厨房，才不必随身带。
由此不难看出今天作为西方主要餐具的刀和筷子身份很是不同，它功能多样，既可用来宰杀、解剖、切割牛羊的肉，到了烧熟可食时，又兼作餐具。
大约15世纪前后，为了改进进餐的姿势，欧洲人才使用了双尖的叉。
用刀把食物送进口里不雅观，改用叉叉住肉块，送进口里显得优雅些。
叉子才是严格意义上的餐具，但叉子的弱点是离不开用刀切割在前，所以二者缺一不可。
中西文化议论文800字
中西文化议论文800字一、欧洲人都说世界上有三大美食,每个版本里都有中国和法国。
第三家说法不- ,有说是意大利，也有说是琪尼斯或摩洛哥。
尽管相持不下,但大家都有个共识饮食常能反映不同民族生活习惯和文化思维方面的差异。
一次在中餐馆举行宴会菜上得很慢不知不觉中过去了近两个小时，但菜似乎才了一半。
邻座的阿尔萨斯大区经社理事会的阿昂达女士是第一次参加中餐宴会。
她忍不住问我，你们中国人请客都上这么多菜吗?我说,在中国还要多,通常10道以上。
阿昂达很惊讶,连说中国的宴会实在太丰富了,难怪中国的美食很有名。
但过了一会儿，她又问我，有个现象很奇怪,你们中国人吃饭每次都上那么多菜可为什么都长得那么瘦我们法国人每次菜很少,但为什么都比你们胖呢?我一时语塞仅觉得她问得多少有点道理,因为那天同桌的几个中国人都显得比较瘦弱，而几个法国人个个人高马大。
我想了想向她讲了自己的一点想法:中国是个好客的民族只有上了一好菜才觉得没怠慢客人。
另外, 中国人有时候更加注重形式，所以中国烹调里菜的样式千变万化,具体到海-道菜又非常讲究色香味的搭配。
而欧洲人似乎更实际一些,在菜的花色变化上下的功夫显然不如中国，但更讲究其营养搭配和保护,注重菜的内在质量。
这是中法饮食的主要差异可能多少也能反映出一点中法文化性格的不同。
二、每个人都有自己喜欢的颜色,一个国家和民族也一样。
对不同颜色的喜好从整体上可以反映-个民族或者国家的审美情趣与好恶倾向。
有一次碰到欧盟委员会科技总司的维也加斯教授夫妇,谈起上海APEC会议上各国领导人穿的中国民族服装。
他们都说非常好看,但有一点不太明白，为什么亚洲领导人大多穿红，而西方领导人都选择了色。
我说颜色都是领导人自己选定的。
大概亚洲国家有着相同的文化背景,红色在中国文化里,也可能在整个亚洲文化中都代表着幸运、财富和喜事所以亚洲领导人都不约而同地选了红色。
我又问红色和蓝色在西方文化里代表什么?他们说红色在西防人的观念里是血的颜色，表示冲动、革命和动乱,而蓝色则代表冷静和沉着。
商务英语毕业论文论中西方饮食文化差异
抚顺职业技术学院外语系毕业论文论中西饮食文化差异ON THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINESE AND WESTERNFOOD作者沈倩院系外语系专业商务英语年级 2009级班级 ________商务英语二班_学号 08指导教师贾荣武二零一一年十二月内容摘要摘要:饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。
台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说‘饮食男女人之大欲存焉’。
由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。
通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。
关键词：饮食文化文化传统差异AbstractDiet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development. Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature. We study these differences andthen find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west. Taiwan Professor Zhang Qijun said, “The old saying, 'Eat, drink, man, woman who wishes greatly'. Thus the diet is rich in culture. Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet. By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west. And we can also improve and create the culture of ChinaKey Words：dietary, culturecultural, tradition differencesContentsPartI Introduction............................................................. . (5)Part II The differences in concepts (5)2.1 Cultural differences (6)2.2 Comparing with the Chinesediet, western diet tastes.....................Stereotyped (6)Part III Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet (7)3.1 T his dish is "delicious"………................................................ .73.2 Differences in targets all diet cannot be done without............vegetables (8)Part IV Westerners do not seem to have such a good habit…........ .84.1 There are more meat dishes in western lives (8)PartV The cultural behaviors (10)5.1 The difference cultural behaviors in western and Chinese (10)5.2 Difference in Diet Attribution There are differences between.... .Chinese And western diet attribution (12)5.3 Differences in Dietary Patterns (13)PartVI Conclusion (14)Reference s (15)On The Cultural Differences Between Chinese AndWestern FoodPart I IntroductionOnce there is a saying that "Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispe nsable condition for the survival and development of human beings. . There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive; and another is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line. Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter. Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend. Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in the Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west. As one of the world ancient nations, China’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the "heaven" degree. Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristicPart II The differences in conceptsTargets, patterns, attribution and naturead reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic;such characteristic hasenriched the research value of dietary culture2.1 cultural differencesWe can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject. It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.I. Differences in Concepts First, the Chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts. Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured. It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day.2.2 Comparing with the Chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotypedAs simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: We must eat them all because of the nutrition. And then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine. The concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy. Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. Such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development. In some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere. In celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of rawmaterials. But no matter how luxurious the grade is; from Los Angeles to New York, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of. And as dishes, the chicken is chicken; steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish. In a dish of "French Muttonchops", one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato. Color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clearPart III Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet3.1 This dish is "delicious"When people sample dishes, they often say this dish is "delicious", and that dish is "not delicious".But if you ask what is meant by "delicious", why "tasty" and what are the aspects of "delicious", I am afraid that it will be difficult to answer. This shows that which Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything. Even using the "color, flavor, shape and implement "which people often said to make the" realm "reification, I am afraid it is still difficult to crown allIt contains a wealth of dialectics of Chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish. The ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of Chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of Chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of thechefs.3.2. Difference in targets all diet cannot be done without vegetablesThe word "dish" is for the sound in China, and it always has something to do with the plants. According to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west. In fact, the Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food. Meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of "fresh vegetables". Mandarin language: "Common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship." It is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general, only being able to eat meat only in worship. Vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure. Chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish; it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of Buddhists. They deem animals as "people" and plants have "no soul." So, they advocate vegetarianism Part IV Westerners do not seem to have such a good habitThey up hold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation. Living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement. There are more meat dishes in their lives.4.1 There are more meat dishes in western livesFeeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even Western medicine is derived from animals. When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel thattheir diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China. The food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition. Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles; but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak. The differences between Chinese and western food for Westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified. Mr. Sun Yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition. In his composing The Scheme for National Reconstruction, detailing the differences between Chinese and Western diet phenomenon, he concludes: "Chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal. Such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist.Therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life. Also China has a big population, and Chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet. “He added:" The Chinese vegetaria ns all eat tofu. Tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has. It is the meat without toxic materials. So the Chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars. It is also a custom that the European and American drink thick Wine, eat meat and fish. So there wasscience promotion before and a severe law later, such as the United States Prohibition. And the transfer will not carry out in a short time."Mr. Sun’s words tell out the scientif ic benefits of Chinese diet and disadvantages of Western diet. According to the characteristics of the significant differences between Chinese and Western diet targets, the Chinese character is called the plant character, while the Westerners’ is animal character.Part V the cultural behaviors5.1 The difference cultural behaviors in western and ChineseWesterners love adventure, exploration, conflict; but the Chinese people only like to live banallyAccording to American expert on folklore Ruth’s opinions o n the "cultural pattern" theory, Chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world Apollo-type character and Westerners’ is similar to the modern world Faust-type. Indeed, the Westerners such as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies. The Chinese people are always thinking about "home" and "roots", despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home. But after a few decades, the overseas Chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots. This concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet. Then it brings cohesiveness to the Chinese nation and then makes the humanfolk full of energy. Differences in Dietary Patterns The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character. In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast. Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere. People toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity. Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national "happy" mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of "and" impact for future generations. It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil. The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation. If making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the Chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing. This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious. The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West. This method is to display all food, andeverybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat. They walk freely. This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals; they never need to put every word on the table. This also shows a western personality and self-respect. However, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people. Some people want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible. Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: "First, buffet is not like drinking tea. it, it is cold yet. Chinese cuisine will serve hot, if cold, nothing to eat. Secondly, buffet dishes only can do hard dishes and beneficial dishes. Then you can access for large plots. And those most representative of the Chinese culinary arts, such as the tender and lighter dishes, are not in this show. Third, the buffet can do stewing pot; it means a big pot in terms of food. Any sophisticated cooking of a dish can only be cooked in a pot at two most, and it is not able to cook the dish for dozens of people. So it will not be delicious, never talking of the taste.Under such circumstances, it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny Chinese culinary arts. "The Chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity, but the buffet has broken such pattern.5.2. diffrence in Diet Attribution There are differences between Chinese and western diet attribution.Western diet tends to be scientific and rational, but the Chinese diettends to be art and sentimental. During the underdevelopment era of diet, these two trends have only one aim – to live and never be hungry.5.3. Differences in Dietary PatternsThe Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character. In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast. Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere.. It is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national "happy" mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of "and" impact for future generations. It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform. The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil. The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation. This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious. Only the Chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors. The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West. This method is to display all food, andeverybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat. They walk freely. This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals; they never need to put every word on the table. This also shows a western personality and self-respect.PartVI ConclusionHowever, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people. People want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible. Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: "First, buffet is not like drinking tea. In the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures. Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World. China's reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges. We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China's new culture.References1. 安静.解读美国[M]. 北京：中国旅游出版社，2007.2. 陈洁.得心应手---西餐礼仪[M].北京：世界知识出版社, 2005.3. 金炳镐.民族理论通论[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社,1994.4. 刘枋.吃的艺术[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2003.5. 刘玫君，陈加真.出国点菜不求人---别人不会告诉你的旅行智慧[M].北京:中国旅游出版社，2005.6. 马文.哈里斯(美).好吃:食物与文化之迷[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2001.7. 苏珊.罗德里格.亨特.巴黎:一席浮动的豪宴[M].北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2004.8. 唐鲁孙.天下味[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2004.9. 王晓昕,李学友.传统文化与道德建设[M].贵阳：贵州民族出版社,2004.10. 萧家成.升华的魅力---中华民族酒文化[M].北京:华龄出版社，2007.11. 徐先玲,李祖状.西方饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社, 2005.12. 向世陵.中国哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2000.13. 殷珍泉.礼仪有学问[M].北京：北京台海出版社, 2002.14. 张茗阳.食物改变你的一生[M].上海:学林出版社, 2003.15. 张志伟,欧阳谦.西方哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2000.。
中西方饮食文化的差异论文
中西方饮食文化的差异论文任何一个民族的饮食文化包括这个民族的饮食特点与饮食习惯，这种特点与习惯又肯定能够在不同程度上反映这个民族的血统、生存历史和生存环境。
以下是店铺整理分享的关于中西方饮食文化的差异论文的相关文章，欢迎阅读!中西方饮食文化的差异论文篇一浅析中西方饮食文化的差异民以食为天，饮食文化是民族文化中的一个极为重要的组成部分，它同人们的物质生活和精神生活都有着千丝万缕的联系，其中所包含的民间文化的遗传信息十分丰富。
任何一个民族的饮食文化包括这个民族的饮食特点与饮食习惯，这种特点与习惯又肯定能够在不同程度上反映这个民族的血统、生存历史和生存环境。
一. 引言中西文化历来是世界文化的两大派系，而饮食在两个文化中部占有非常重要的地位。
中西文化之间的差异从而造就了中西饮食文化的差异，在两种不同的文化背景下，中西方饮食习俗，不论在其观念、性质，还是在其方式、对象等诸多方面，所存在的差异是非常鲜明的。
饮食文化包括食物的加工、消费和享受三个方面。
本文主要从这几个方面来谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
二. 中西方饮食文化的差异1. 饮食观念的差异中国人的饮食强调感性和艺术性，追求饮食的口味感觉，而不注意食物的营养成分，多从“色、香、味、形”等方面来评价饮食的好坏优劣，追求的是一种难以言传的意境。
简单地说，中国人吃的是口味，“味”，是中国饮食的魅力所在。
中国人饮食的目的，除了果腹充饥，同时还满足对美味的渴望，带来身心的愉悦。
对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方的饮食是一种理性饮食观念。
西方人喜好小而精。
对于烹饪食物，营养性和美味性就是他们的出发点和目的地。
他们全力开发和研究食物在不同状态下的营养差异，特别讲求食物的营养成分，蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素及各类无机元素的含量是否搭配合宜，热量的供给是否恰到好处以及这些营养成分是否能为进食者充分吸收，有无其他副作用。
这种价值理念的差别形成了中餐过分注重饭菜色、香、味的特点，而西方人则自始至终坚持着从营养角度出发，轻视饭菜的其他功能2. 饮食内容的差异中国自古就是农业大国，饮食结构以谷类即淀粉为主，肉吃的较少，粮食较多，再以蔬菜搭配，蔬菜可以说占主导地位。
中西饮食文化的差异(学士论文)
The Differences Between Chinese and Western Food Dietetic Culture中西饮食文化的差异College of MinshengHenan UniversityMay 2011AcknowledgementThere are a lot of people who help me to contribute to the completion of this thesis. Firstly, my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Zhu Taiyin , my teacher for his constant encouragement and guidance. He has led me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent ad illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the teachers, who lead me into the world of English. They instructed and helped me a lot in the past four years.Last, owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.[Abstract]: This thesis explores the differences between Chinese and Western food dietetic culture. The food dietetic culture plays an important role in the world culture. The differences between Chinese and Western culture created the differences between Chinese and Western food dietetic culture. Different countries have their own food dietetic cultural. In different cultural contexts, both in concept, objects, manner, tableware, etiquette and nature, these differences are obvious. But as the communication and integration of the international, Chinese and western food culture will be developed in common communicate. This will play a significant role to promote the communication of culture in the world.[Key Words]:intercultural communication; food dietetic culture; culturedifferences[摘要]:本篇论文探讨了中西方饮食文化的差异.饮食文化在世界文化中起着非常重要的作用.中西方文化的差异带来了中西饮食文化的差异,不同的国家有自己不同的饮食文化特点.在不同的文化背景下,无论是在观念,对象,方式,餐具还是礼仪等各方面,这些不同都是显而易见的.但是,随着国际的交流与融合,中西饮食文化业将会在交流中共同发展,这对全世界范围内的文化交流将起到促进作用.[关键词]: 跨文化交际; 饮食文化; 文化差异ContentsAbstract (Engl ish) (i)Abstract (Chinese) (ii)Introduction (1)Chapter One Chinese and Western Food Dietetic Culture (3)1.1 Characteristics of Chinese food dietetic culture (3)1.2 Characteristics of the Western food dietetic culture (3)Chapter Two Differences in the performance of Chinese and Western Food (5)2.1 Differences between Chinese and Western diet concept (5)2.2 Differences between Chinese and Western diet objects (6)2.3 Differences between Chinese and Western diet manner, tableware andetiquette (7)2.3.1 Diet manner (7)2.3.2 Diet tableware (8)2.3.3 D iet etiquette (9)2.4 Differences between Chinese and Western diet nature (9)Chapter Three Reasons for the differences between Chinese and Western food dietetic culture (11)3.1 The impact of the geographical environment (11)3.2 The impact of the economic system (11)Conclusion (14)Bibliography (15)IntroductionWith the deepening of the international communication, in different countries or cultural background, the communication of people are increasing all the time, and the communication between them is called intercultural communication. Intercultural communications gradually becomes an indispensable content of people's life. Due to the differences of regional, different nations and countries form different cultures. People with different cultural backgrounds behavior or habits is endless and same, they have their social statute or habits, reflected in the political economy, education religion, culture , art and so on. America famous newly chemical representative figure White is called “father of cult urology”, he put the culture as a kind of special and objective social phenomenon, and as a complete system (White, 1949). So specially, what is culture? Chen Huawen once lists cases to illustrate the connotation and importance of culture; he said “culture is like air and water that permeates every corner of our lives, people are enjoying the culture achievements that were created by predecessors in every time, also, people are inventing new culture in every moment. Our progress is the result of the culture creation and developing.”(Chen Huawen, 2001:2) When people are communicating under the different culture background, the language and non-language factors which influence of message effect are make communication hen culture. If foreign language learners are lack of knowledge for its behavior and function, it will appear inappropriate behavior, resulting in the communication barriers, and it is difficult for effective cross-cultural communication, as a result causes of communication error.The diet is the first need for human’s survival and development; also it is the one of the basic form of social life. However under the different cultural background, having different diet idea and diet custom, then finally form the different diet culture. Food culture is an important part in the intercultural communication. Understand the differences between Chinese and western diet culture and its origin, for foreign language learners, not only increase the understanding of the target language culture,but also improve the success rate of intercultural communication, avoid the misunderstandings and communication barriers just because of the inappropriate way or behavior .In Sun Weixue’s book <<culture of America>>, he once pointed out any country in the world should carry out cultural exchanges and publicity actively, this is not only benefit to their native culture, but also spread the culture in worldwide .(Sun Weixue, 2004) This paper expounded from various of the differences between Chinese and western food dietetic culture, enhance mutual understanding and facilitate communication.Chapter One Chinese and Western Food Dietetic Culture 1.1 Characteristics of Chinese food dietetic cultureChina is one of the most ancient countries on the world, it has the long history of 5000 years, and created innumerable splendid civilization. In this culture, it makes China contain more expansive and profound diet. It has experienced several thousand years of history development, and has become one of the most important Chinese traditional cultures of department.Because of the district difference in our land, it gradually formed four major cuisines that is Sichuan cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, Shandong cuisine and Chaozhou cuisine. This four major cuisine have different features, but in common is with making complex fastidious, the product methods are very complex, and have a great diversity of taste and dishes, this is amazing. Because of our vast land, there are differences in climate, products and custom in every place. For a long time, on food was formed many flavor. Our country has been have the saying of “ south rice north noodles”, in the taste, it has the differences that “sour in east, hot in west, sweet in south and salty in north", it mainly have four flavor about Bashu, Qilu, Haiyangn and Yuemin. ( Zou Guangwen, 1998) On the other hand, all the year round, according to season for eat is a feature in China’s cooking. Since ancient times, our country has been according to season changes to taste, and dishes. Winter taste strong, summer flavor cleaner; in the winter more braised stews, summer more cold.In the long-term development, evolution and accumulation process, Chinese people gradually formed its own unique food folk from many aspects, such as diet structure, food production, food utensils, nutrition healthy and diet aesthetic, this created a diet with unique flavor of the Chinese food culture, become a pearl of the world food culture.1.2 Characteristics of the Western food dietetic cultureRational westerners pay more attention to the nutrition and survival. Due to the different philosophical thoughts of Chinese and western, westerners in diet takes thescience, takes the science about nutrition, so the nutrition is the supreme principle in the western diet.Eating like a biological machine add fuel, especially about the food's nutrition composition, protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and all kinds of inorganic element content,( Dang Binghua, 2010) whether calorie supply properly, and whether these nutrients can be fully absorbed, and presence of other side effects, and dishes color, fragrance and taste is the second requirement. Even in the west’s leading power –France, even though in many aspects the diet culture is similar with our diet, but a contact to nutrition, both sides will the gap. While French cook also pursued delicious, but also adhere to the “nutrition” this one major premise, they don’t agree with pieces of nutrition and beg delicious.In the culture of diet, westerners have the culture descent of nomads and sailing nationality, they hunting, breeding, aided by acquisition and planting, they eat more meet, the eating, wearing and using are took of animals, even the western medicine are made from animals to take. Pay more attention to animal protein and fat intake, in the structure of diet, also with animal figurines in the majority, it is mainly dishes, beef, chicken, pork, mutton and fish. So the meat diet has been very high in proportion. In modern times, planting proportion is increasing, but the proportion in meat still higher than Chinese.Chapter Two Differences in the performance of Chinese andWestern food dietetic2.1 Differences between Chinese and Western diet conceptChinese people are thinking highly of eat. “B read is the staff of life”, this old adage explained that we see eating as important as days. Because our national for thousands of years are in the low level of productivity, people always do not have enough to eat, so they would have a unique food culture that eating is very important.I think this is probably from a survival to needs. Li Xiaohong pointed out: “I f a culture put ate as primary, so it will appear two phenomena: on one hand will put the food function to acme, not only survive, but also use it to maintain healthy, this is also the culture basis that “diet cures more than the doctors”. On the other hand, the excessive attention to eat, it can make the person praise highly of delicious pursuit.”(Li Xiaohong, 2010: 33)In China, the pursuit of delicious reached almost acme, Chinese living overseas to open restaurants for industry in the world, it has become our settlement fundamental.Unfortunately, when we put the pursuit of delicious as the first requirement, we are neglecting the most fundamental nutritional value of food. Many of our traditional foods are through hot fried and long time boil, cover the dish nutrients to sabotage, many nutrients are loss in the machining process. As a result of nutrition problem, in fact touched on the Chinese culinary culture to the greatest weakness. Folk have saying, “It is of great importance of eating and whether the food is delicious or not depends on taste”, this is the pursuit of delicious make us ignore the real meaning of dinner.European is represented the western, also, his culture has a long history. In the middle ages, the European culture has very perfect, during this period; the old western food culture has been formed. Its main features are: most food with flour primarily, raw material also more abundant, its production method is simple, but also in China pays much attention to taste.China's five mixed cookery aims to pursue delicious, its processing process of hot fried and long time of fire, this can make dishes nutrients were damaged. (Lin Lirui, 2009) In western countries, especially in 1960s, appearing the emergence of modern cooking thought, with particular emphasis on health care, reduce weight, thus less oil, emphasize the pursuit of light by fresh materials, emphasizing the cooking process of nutrients and maintain the original taste, so the vegetables are basically raw. So says the heavy nutrition in western diet is universal.2.2 Differences between Chinese and Western diet objectsWesterners believe that cuisine is the longing, so only eat of meat, chicken this "hard food"; While Chinese cuisine is "taste". So the Chinese cooking with makings also show great randomness, many westerners as something is the outcast, this in China are excellent raw material, foreign chefs can't handle this things, but to a Chinese chef hands, this can turn decayed for magical. It serves to show the Chinese diet in the wide randomness of materials.According to the survey of western plant scholars, Chinese eat vegetables have more than 600 specious, it is six times more than the west. In fact, in the Chinese dishes, vegetarian dishes are common food, only in holidays or volunteers at the higher living standards, it can enters the usual diet, so since ancient times, we will have saying of "food feed", food feed is the dominant statement in our usual diet. The Chinese make plant as the main dish, and has a lot of contact with the advocacy of Buddhism. Their think the animal is "the life", but plants the laws of nature "not to work", therefore, advocates the vegetarianism. (Yang Naiji, 1993)Westerners in introducing the food characteristic of their own country, they feel more attention about reasonable collocation of nutrition than China. They have more developed food industry, such as canned, fast food. Although the taste is common, saving time and the nutrition is good. So in common, human body of their country is stronger than Chinese: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and developed muscle; But Chinese appears narrow skinny, short legs and the color is yellow. Someoneaccording to the obvious differences in characteristic of western diet object, the Chinese character known as the plants, the Western character known as animals.2.3 Differences between Chinese and Western diet manner, tablewareand etiquette2.3.1 Diet mannerChinese and Western food is quite different from the way that such differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, any of the feast, whatever the purpose, there will be only one form, that is, we were sitting around, sharing one seat. The banquet must use the round table; this formally has created one kind of unity, politeness, altogether the interest atmosphere. The delicacy delicacies put on table of people's centers, it not only is the object which table of people appreciates, tastes, also is a table of people sentiments exchange intermedium. People propose a toast of each other for food, vegetables, in the face of good things, reflects the mutual respect between people, the virtues of comity. Duo Xiaoping said that: “A lthough from the health perspective, this kind of food have obvious deficiency, it meets the general mind of happy in our national, reflects the influence thoughts to offspring about Chinese classical philosophy, facilitate the emotional communicated of collective, and yet difficult to reform”.( Duo Xiaoping, 2005: 12)Freedom westerner is individual serving when they eating, the first is the point of all the food, they can eat what something, and it also showed respect for the West on the personality. After serving up, people eat the entire various one and their random add spices, the second course dish to eat after eating, before and after the two never mixed vegetables to eat. The most popular form of buffet in western is individual eating, incompatible interference, and lack of the emotional appeal for chat with each other.In the western-style banquets, food and wine are very important, but in fact it is setoff. The core of banquet in friendship, through the conversation with neighbors, in order to achieve the friendship. If the companionship of party is compared withdance, then it can be said that Chinese banquet is like collective dance, and western banquet is like dancing between women and men. Therefore, the purpose of companionship is obvious between Chinese banquet and western banquet, only Chinese banquet more reflected in all guest, and western banquet more reflected the friendship between adjacent guests. And Chinese food is more obvious differences between them were western popular buffet. This method is: we need display all the food, should not fixed in his seat to eat, you can walk freedom, this method in favor of the emotional communicated between individuals, not speak all the words on the table, this also showed respect for the personality and self.Therefore, in the final analysis is differences between perceptual and rationality. However, the difference seems to be with the development of science and become blurred. More and more Chinese no longer only paying attention to food color, fragrance and taste, they pay more attention to its health and nutrition. Especially after the experience of SARS. Also, because of people are more and more busy with job, they think when doing the Chinese food is too much trouble, not equal convenient to come a hamburger and so on. So in dietary the differences were not too clear.2.3.2 Diet tablewareIn the space of diet tableware, the differences are more obvious. As we know, Chinese people including some Asian countries, use chopsticks, spoon, when they have a meal also use bowl to fill. But how about westerners? They are fill food use plate, to use a knife and fork to eat, there are specialized spoon to drink soup. Chopsticks and knife, fork as two kinds of representative tableware for the east and west, they affected the different lifestyle of eastern and western, representing two kinds of different wisdom.As we know the emergence of a knife and fork is much later than chopsticks, it was originally the ancient nomadic origin and the European lifestyle; they carry knives for live, and often cooked the meat, then cut off to eat. After settle the city, the knives and forks into the family kitchen, at this time, people just do not have to carry them. However, only about the 18th century, there was found the fork for fourfork. Therefore, western people using a knife and fork, just four or five hundred years of history. Compared with the simple chopsticks, the type of knife and fork much more, knife and fork belong to the special tools, but because of this "special" often show "great wisdom appears stupid", so they are often ignored by their people.Different people have different views, it is difficult to draw the conclusions that the relationship of thinking method between chopsticks and knife and fork. However, there is scientific basis of use of chopsticks is better training your thinking ability. From a physiological point of view, Hu Wenzhong has made a study of chopsticks, he found that when you eating with chopsticks, it affect the human body of thirty joints and fifty muscles, there by stimulating the activity of brain systems,it brings agility and quick thinking.(Hu Wenzhong, 1999)And there is no doubt that the chopsticks have the scientific principles.2.3.3 Diet etiquetteIn etiquette, both in the west and Chinese are even more different. In ancient China, during people have the dinner, they have a set of unnecessary and over elaborate formalities. When people eat together, not just eat their own interests. If you eat with others, you must check the hands clean. Do not put extra food into the pot, and do not post occupied food. After dinner, guests should pack up and move the dishes on the table, take them to the master, then the master get off, you should request them do not work, then the guests sit down again. Some of this ritual is essential in modern manners. In the west banquet, the master generally folder the dish only once for the guests, and the remaining self-consumption by the guests, if guests do not eat, you should not let them to eat, according to the habit of Chinese, people are not frequently provide guests to drink and take the food. When people eating, do not make the noise, but the guests should pay attention to appreciate the food by the master. If talking to people, only overstated with your neighbors, do not talk to people with the distance.2.4 Differences between Chinese and Western diet natureFrom the different concepts, the western diet tends to scientific and rational, Chinese food tends to artistic and emotional. After cooking the delicious food, diet was originally designed to supply a life-sustaining nutrition.Li Mingying said: “the focus of the western diet custom raw diet is just an extension of utility, and customs of the Chinese diet's emphasis on flavor, put the food into the art. We can see the point from two different diet concepts, the western diet is increasing normalization, and the Chinese diet is more randomness. ( Li Mingying, 1997: 03)Chapter Three Reasons for the differences between Chineseand Western food dietetic culture3.1 The impact of the geographical environmentChina is the closed continental geographical, this environment limited the thinking of the Chinese people within the local community, they good at summing up the experiences and lessons from their predecessors, they like “history as a mirror”, and their spatial awareness is weak. (Bian Haoyu, 2004) This mentality of inward-looking led to the Chinese people have the personality of stability and quiet, they lack of curiosity about the new things, and also they lack of interest in the unknown things. So the Chinese diet food is more have the regional characteristics, different places have the different favorite food to eat, the north have the lower temperature than south, especially in the winter, the weather is very cold, so in the diet of the north, a large proportion of fat and protein in the food, especially in pastoral areas, the food of pastoralists is majority of milk and meat, also they like eating noodles. And the food diet of southerners is based on the plant, the residents have the habit of drinking soup and eat porridge, no matter if the food has been put on, they must be the first to eat soup, drink soup before eating a bit, after fond, they also have another bowl of soup to drink, this to be considered as eating a meal. And they mainly eat rice.The majority of western countries are in the open ocean environment of geography, they developed industry and seafaring, since the ancient Greece, they have valued the study of natural objects, and they exploring the mysteries of the natural heritage. At the same time, the marine environment, mountain tsunami, unrest, this all constitutes the personality of the western nation pay attention to the space expansion and military conquest. So westerners have a scientific attitude of the food diet, this also very standard and arbitrary, and they like to eat the meat food.3.2 The impact of the economic systemMarx once said: “Ideas of consciousness is initially directly with peopleproduce the material activity, and people's physical contact and the reality of language intertwined production.” (Marx, 1972: 89) This point of view clear expressed the symbiotic isomorphism relations between the cultural and economic activity. Peter, Koslowski also said that, “the most important ec onomic behavior is decided by the cultural, their cultural engraved with cultural cachet.”(Peter, Koslowski, 1999: 229) The real economic growth depends on the culture. The traditional economy of China is a typical self-sufficient economy. People are more law-abiding and conservative, because they can live for the whole life rely on a piece of land. And their culture is more introverted. Moreover, China’s ancient civilization originated in the river basin, it belongs the agricultural civilization, "agricultural civilization character" inspired the Asian emphasis on ethics, and the principle of life is “harmony, and love for the high”. In the ancient China, people are still more poor rather than the western countries, at that time, the lower people just required eat their fill and wear the warm clothes, the Chinese people in the old ancient, because without something to eat and drink, a lot of people and children are being starved to death. You can not image the horror in that time. Followed the progress and development of the social, people have been get the basic meet in terms of food, they do not worried just because they have not enough food to eat, on the other hand, people are paying attention to the nutrition of diet food, and trying to convince themselves to eat more healthy, more nutrition, so now there have been many so-called food therapy.The ancient Greek civilization of the west is originated in the Aegean coast, belongs to the Marine civilization, besides Europe's farming is not far as China's agriculture as important in ancient society, so the Europeans like to explore the world, and their cultural is more comparative extroversion. Lai Anfang is mentioned in the book of <<An outline introduction to Britain and America>>, “pursuit of freedom and eq uality has been the guiding principles and goal of the western culture.”(Lai Anfang, 2004: 229) And through the industrial revolution, the western countries is early enter into the industry economy, "industrial civilization character" contributed to thewesterners have stronger struggle spirit and legal consciousness to protect one’s own interest. These also can manifest in their eating habits.ConclusionThe differences between Chinese and Western food dietetic culture is obvious, and they have their own strengths. Followed the economic globalization and the accelerated flow of information changes, Chinese and western food culture will be continued integration in the collision, complement each other in the fusion. Chinese food now has begun focus on food, nutrition, health, the science of cooking, western food also begun to develop from the realm of Chinese food’s color, smell, taste and meaning. Chinese and western food culture will be developed in common communicate. This will play a significant role to promote the communication of culture in the world.BibliographyLeslie ,White. 1949. The science of culture. New York: Random.Peter, Koslowski. 1999. Post-modernism culture. Ludwig Maximilian Muenchen University. 卞浩宇,2004, <<论中西饮食文化的差异>>。
英语论文中西方饮食文化差异
英语论文中西方饮食文化差异AbstractWith the continuous development of globalization, cultural exchanges between the East and the West have become increasingly frequent. Food, as an important part of culture, reflects the differences between Eastern and Western cultures to a large extent. This paper aims to explore the differences in food culture between Eastern and Western countries, including the historical background, dietary habits, ingredients, cooking methods, and table manners. By examining the cultural factors behind these differences, we can gain a deeper understanding of the rich diversity and uniqueness of Eastern and Western food cultures.IntroductionFood is not only a source of nutrition but also a carrier of culture. It reflects the values, beliefs, and customs of a society. The cultural differences between Eastern and Western countries are evident in their respective food cultures. In this paper, we will examine the differences in food culture from various aspects, ranging from historical factors to table manners.A. Historical BackgroundThe development of food culture in Eastern and Western countries is closely related to their historical background. Eastern countries, such as China and Japan, have a long history of agriculture, which shapes their food culture characterized by rice as a staple food and the use of chopsticks for eating. In contrast, Western countries, such as France and Italy, have a long history of animal husbandry and the cultivation of wheat. This influencestheir food culture characterized by bread and pasta as staple foods and the use of forks and knives.B. Dietary HabitsThe dietary habits of Eastern and Western countries also differ significantly. Eastern countries emphasize balance and harmony in their meals. They believe in the concept of yin and yang, and their meals typically consist of a combination of grains, meat or fish, vegetables, and soy products. In contrast, Western countries tend to have more varied and individualistic eating patterns. They often have three main meals a day, with a focus on meat, dairy products, and a wide range of fruits and vegetables.C. IngredientsThe choice of ingredients in Eastern and Western cuisines is another area where differences can be observed. Eastern cuisines heavily rely on soy sauce, soybean oil, and various fermented products, such as miso and soybean paste. These ingredients contribute to the umami taste that is prominent in Eastern dishes. In contrast, Western cuisines commonly use butter, cream, and various cheeses to enhance flavors. Moreover, the use of herbs and spices, such as basil, thyme, and oregano, is prevalent in Western cuisines, adding depth and complexity to dishes.D. Cooking MethodsThe cooking methods employed in Eastern and Western cuisines also differ significantly. Eastern cuisines often involve stir-frying, steaming, and boiling, which are quick and efficient methods that retain the natural flavors and textures of ingredients. In contrast, Western cuisines often involvebaking, grilling, and roasting, which allow flavors to develop through caramelization and browning. Slow cooking methods, such as stewing and braising, are also commonly used in Western cuisines to tenderize meats and enhance flavors.E. Table MannersTable manners and etiquette also vary between Eastern and Western cultures. Eastern cultures, such as China and Japan, emphasize the importance of communal dining and the sharing of dishes. Meals are often served family-style, and it is considered polite to take small portions and try a bit of everything. In Western cultures, individual plates are more common, and each person's meal is often separate and portioned individually. Additionally, the use of utensils differs, where chopsticks are used in Eastern cultures and forks, knives, and spoons are used in Western cultures.ConclusionIn conclusion, the differences in food culture between Eastern and Western countries can be attributed to their historical background, dietary habits, choice of ingredients, cooking methods, and table manners. These differences reflect the values, beliefs, and customs of each culture. By understanding and appreciating these differences, we can promote cultural exchange and enhance mutual understanding between Eastern and Western societies.。
毕业论文：浅谈中西方饮食文化的差异
浅谈中西方饮食文化的差异摘要: 本篇论文主要探讨了中西方饮食文化的差异。
在世界文化这一大旋窝中，饮食文化在世界文化中起着十分重要的作用。
中国是一种农耕文化的陆地文化，而传统的西方文化是一种畜牧文化的海洋文化，两种不同的文化反映出人们生活方式的差异，其中饮食文化更是具有代表性的一个方面。
餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。
正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。
中华饮食以食表意、以物传情，其博大精深不可言喻。
西方饮食精巧专维、自成体系。
中西饮食文化的差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。
在中国，烹调是一种艺术；在西方，烹调则是一种劳动。
在不同的文化背景下,无论是在饮食观念、饮食对象、饮食方式等各个方面，这些饮食文化的差异都是显而易见的。
随着国际之间的交流与融合，中西饮食文化业将会在交流中共同发展，这对全世界范围内的文化交流将起到促进的作用。
关键词: 差异文化饮食文化引言中美饮食文化的差异在一定程度上会引起文化误区。
比如，在很多中国人眼中，汉堡包、肯德基、麦当劳就是典型的美国食品。
而事实并非如此。
美国的食物很杂。
美国人一般而言都比较吃墨西哥、中国、泰国和印度食物。
因此，在本文中，主要从双方的饮食观念、饮食对象、饮食方式等方面来具体探讨中西饮食文化的差异。
从不同的角度去探讨彼此饮食文化的差异，不仅可以提高人们在文化交流的意识和适应能力，还可以增强我们对外国文化的理解、宽容和接受。
这使中西饮食文化业能在交流中共同发展，相互融合，而且对全世界范围内的文化交流将起到很好的促进作用.营养观念1.1中方的观念在中国的饮食文化中，人们对饮食味道的追求远远超过了对营养的注重，只要好吃又要好看，营养反而显得不重要了。
由于中华民族几千年来生产力都处于低下的水平，人们总是吃不饱，所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化。
人们常说的“色、香、味俱全”，味是最重要的。
中西饮食差异论文
中西饮⾷差异论⽂当代，论⽂常⽤来指进⾏各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的⽂章，简称之为论⽂。
它既是探讨问题进⾏学术研究的⼀种⼿段，⼜是描述学术研究成果进⾏学术交流的⼀种⼯具。
它包括学年论⽂、毕业论⽂、学位论⽂、科技论⽂、成果论⽂等，论⽂⼀般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正⽂、参考⽂献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成可有可⽆。
中西饮⾷差异论⽂1 中国⼈对于饮⾷的要求很⾼，但并不在营养⽅⾯，⼤部都在⼝味、形式上，对于⼝味的追求表现出中国⼈的调和思维，⽽烹饪也追求这种调和之美。
此外，在⽂化礼节上，中国⼈把饮⾷放到了很⾼的位置，⽐如⽇常⽣活中朋友好久不见，为了表⽰对其尊敬要⼀起吃饭，为了促成与客户的合作，要⼀起吃饭，逢年过节⼤家团圆，还要⼀起吃饭；总之，饮⾷以成为⼀种礼节性的需要，不再仅仅是果腹充饥的功能。
相对于中国对⼝味注重的饮⾷观，西⽅⼈则⽐较注重营养的搭配，强调饮⾷的营养，对于⾷物中所含的维⽣素、脂肪、蛋⽩质等⽅⾯的要⽰较⾼。
西⽅⼈在进⾏烹饪时，他们会将营养的追求放在⾸位，仔细的研究⾷物中有没有副作⽤、营养失衡等，并不会过分地追求⼝味。
总⽽⾔之，在西⽅⼈的饮⾷思维⾥，吃饭不简简单单地是为了填补肚⼦，也不是为了享受美味，⽽是⾃⼰⽣存与健康的保证。
从此可以看出，在饮⾷观念上，中国强调⼝味追求形式，⽽忽略了⾷物的营养搭配，西⽅⼈则较为注重⾷物的健康分配，注重营养均衡。
⼀、⽤餐⽅式的差异 在⽤餐⽅式上，中国与西⽅社会存在着巨⼤差异。
中国⼈是喜欢热闹的，因⽽逢年过节，⼈们都喜欢⼀家围在⼀⼤桌饭菜前⼀起就餐；在公司年会时，领导与下级员⼯也会在⼀起聚餐，⼤家有说有笑，边说边聊；在吃饭时⼈们都会很活跃，相互敬酒、劝菜等等，整体营造出⼀种热闹温暖的氛围。
这样的饮⾷⽅式，在中国的很多场合都会⽤到，特别是在中秋节、春节等节⽇⾥，全家⼈从四⾯⼋⽅回到⼀块⼉过节，家⾥的⽼⼈或者是擅长烹饪的⼈会做⼀⼤桌⼦的菜，其乐融融的⼀起吃饭，并祝福、拜年等等，讲究的是⼀种和睦、团圆的⽓氛。
中西方饮食文化差异英语专业论文
An Analysi s to the Differences between Chinese and Western Food CulturebyLi GengheClass 1,Grade 09Tutor:Foreign Languages College ofCapital Normal UniversitySep 21,2009摘要本文旨在通过分析中西方饮食文化的差异以及在全球化的影响下两种饮食文化的相互互补和兼容来了解饮食文化的方方面面以及通过它来指导我们的餐饮实践活动，在提高认识的基础上扬长避短，改善饮食结构，提高饮食质量。
对跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异进行研究也能增进中西方人民的相互了解，促进交流，享受不同的饮食带来的不一样的感受。
为了使研究得出科学的结论，具有更强的说服力，本文作者主要用对比的方法对两种不同饮食文化的差异进行深入的分析，包括烹调准则、文化特征、饮食对象、用餐方式和用餐礼仪五个方面，总结出各自的特点、优缺点以及不同的历史渊源，最后倡导中餐西用把两者结合起来。
本文分为五个部分来介绍。
关键词：饮食文化；中西；差异AbstractThis paper aims to understand the complicated aspects of food culture and to guide the catering things in restaurants and so on. In order to achieve this goal, this paper makes an analysis in detail to the differences of food culture between the Chinese and Western as well as the mutual supplementation and compatibleness of the two food cultures under the globalization. In the basis of improving our ability of realization, we should enhance the strong points and avoids weaknesses, improving diet structure, advancing the diet quality and ensuring everyone to have healthy diet in their daily life. The study conducted of the differences of food culture in the macroscopic field of cross-cultural communication also can promote the mutual understanding between the people of the East and West. It could promote the exchange and make people enjoy the different feelings through the different diet. In order to make out a more scientific study conclusion which has a strong persuasive power, this paper makes a thorough analysis with the contrasting method to the differences of the two different food cultures. And this is carried out in the following five aspects: cooking criteria, cultural characteristics, food objects, eating habits and table manners. From this, I summarize their respective characteristics, the good and bad points and the different historical origins as well as finally initiate a dining approach to unify them together. This article is divided into five parts.Key Words: Food cultures; The Chinese and Western; DifferencesTable of Contents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ I II Outline............................................................................................................................................. I V I. Introduction of Food Culture . (1)A. Characteristics of Chinese Food Culture (2)B. Characteristics of the Western Food Culture (3)II. Analysis of Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Food (4)A. Different Cooking Criteria: ‘Norms’ and ‘Casual’ (4)1. Norm and Exactness in Western Cooking (4)2. Flavor and Liberty in Chinese Cooking (5)B Different Cultural Characteristics: ‘Individuality’ and ‘Harmony’ (6)1. Westerners’ individuality (7)2. Chinese Harmony (8)C. Different Food Objects (9)D. Different Eating Habits (10)E. Different Table Manners (12)III. Underlying Causes (13)IV. Significances to the Hotel Catering Departments Based on the Study (14)V. Conclusion (16)References (18)OutlineThesis Statement: The differences between Chinese and Western food culture are derived from the differences in their ways of thinking and philosophy of life, and ever since the ancient times, Chinese and Western food culture’s collision and exchange have largely promoted the progress and development of human society to some degree, making the food culture become an important part of world culture.I.Food Culture IntroductionA.Characteristics of Chinese Food CultureB.Characteristics of the Western Food CultureII.Analysis to the Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western FoodA.Different Cooking Criteria: ‘Norms’ and ‘C asual’1、Norm and Exactness in Western Cooking2、Flavor and Liberty in Chinese CookingB.Different Cultural Characteristics: ‘Individuality’ and ‘H armony’1、Westerners’ Individuality2、Chinese HarmonyC.Different Food ObjectsD.Different Eating HabitsE.Different Table MannersIII.Underlying CausesIV.Significances to the Hotel Catering Departments Based on the StudyV.ConclusionAn Analysis to the Differences betweenChinese and Western Food Culture The differences between Chinese and Western food culture are derived from the differences in their different ways of thinking and Philosophies of life: Chinese people pay attention to the harmony and unite between Heaven and Man; while Westerners focus on people-orientation;Chinese sitology uses food to express feeling and message and the meaning is too deep and hard to describe. However, the Western interpretation of food is that it has to be kickshaw, and has its own style.Ever since the ancient times, Chinese and Western food culture’s collision and exchange have largely promoted the progress and development of human society to some degree, making the food culture become an important part of world culture.I.Introduction of Food CultureFood culture refers to the technical, scientific and artistic aspects in the process of the food production and food consumption, the development and utilization of food ingredients in specific social groups , as well as the diet-based customs, traditions, ideology and philosophy, in a word, the sum of all the food things of a combination of the way, process, function of food production and consumption（张亚红, 2009）.The study on food culture is extremely rich in content. Generally, it can be chosen from two aspects: the first is, the whole analysis and research aiming at specific groups of food culture phenomenon and the second is the specific analysis and research on acertain area of the food culture phenomenon.A.Characteristics of Chinese Food CultureThe diet is actually the content of our daily life, but why do we say that it contains specific culture? This is because the diet has a special status in the Chinese culture. And it is also different between China and the West. Chinese people's diet starts as early as in the Qin Dynasty. At that time, the typical diet primarily consists of the miscellaneous grains, in addition to some supplementary food such as vegetables and meat. Certainly this kind of diet relates to our Chinese first religion Buddhism a lot which advocates vegetarian diet. And the rice is the staple food, but the vegetable is to get food down. The rice is not delicious, so people must eat the vegetable which is more delicious than rice to get the rice down. And this urges Chinese cooking to make the unsavory food to become the delicious food, which gradually becomes the most important goal of cooking. Moreover the technology of diet processing in Chinese cooking is first-class, thus manifesting the characteristics of Chinese culture. The Chinese cooking's diet process technology is first-class in the world, thus it has manifested the Chinese culture characteristic.All these enable the Chinese diet culture to have the following characteristics. First, the Chinese cooking technology has developed a lot and many things which do not look like eatable food in the W esterners’ eyes can become the food rich in the appearance, the fragrance and the taste under the Chinese chef's careful cooking. Second, Chinese recipes are widespread, and everything that can be eaten will be fullused. and everything that can be eaten will be fully used. The West botanist, the Chinese eat more than six times types of vegetables than the Westerners. Third, For the Chinese people, the pursuit of eating is just to pursue best happiness of life, food becoming the first requirement.B.Characteristics of the Western Food CultureIn the Western diet, meat always has a high proportion because the diet was initially base mainly on animal husbandry. In the modern times, although the proportion of crop cultivation has been increasing, the proportion of meat in the diet is still much higher than that of China. As the natural delicious taste of meat, for the Westerners there is no need of too much decoration for food, limiting the development of cooking. Europeans mostly use tools to show their affluence, for instance, the number of kinds and luxury become the content to care about. Moreover, they will not make the pursuit of eating which is easy to satisfy to be the pursuit of the best happiness.We take Europe and America as a representative for the West, for its culture similarly has a well-established and long history. To the middle ages, the European culture had grown up, and during that time the old West’s diet culture had already formed. Its main feature was: the bread flour was the staple food, raw material was also very rich, their manufacturing method was simpler than that of China, but they also paid great attention to the taste.II.Analysis of Cultural Differences between Chinese and WesternFoodThere are distinctive food cultures in different nations and countries, with strong national character and diversity of features. Food Product, due to the geographical features, the climate of the environment and the customs and so on, will appear great difference in the raw materials, taste, cooking methods and eating habits. The comparison of the differences between Chinese and Western food culture will be from the following five areas: different cooking criteria, different cultural characteristics, different food objects, different eating habits and different table manners.A. Different Cooking C riteria: ‘Norms’ and ‘C asual’1.Norm and Exactness in Western CookingWesterners emphasize science and nutrition, so the whole process of cooking is in strict accordance with the scientific norm. The use of recipes is an excellent proof to this. In the Western recipes the measurement is calculated by grams and in the surface the recipe seems to be scientific. Westerners are always holding recipes to go to buy food and make dishes, but compared to Chinese cooking, it isa very mechanical thing, so in front of complex circumstances it is oftenpowerless. And this consistency has led to a drawback of Western food-the lack of features.When people are in different places, when you want to taste the local cuisine, definitely no one would choose foods like Kentucky Fried Chicken,because Fried Chicken requires not only the ingredients according to recipes, but also the temperature of the oil, fried chicken, and the time. The process must be strict in accordance with specifications, so the world's KFC taste is the same. In addition, the standardized cooking requires preparing ingredients, adding the spices accurate to grams, cooking time accurate to seconds.As the production of standardized Western dishes, it makes cooking into a mechanical work. There is no creativity. Steak, fried chicken and salad are always taking the same kinds of forms,so cook’s work has become an extremely monotonous mechanical work, like an automated assembly-line worker, or even by a robot to act in his place.Moreover, a dish in different regions, different seasons and for different people has the same taste. There is no change. Even in high-leveled banquet, the diet has no more elegant table tools and more luxurious decoration, but the dish is still the same kind.2.Flavor and Liberty in Chinese CookingWhat the Westerners can not understand is that the Chinese cooking does not pursue the accurate standardization, but respect randomness. Looking carefully at China's recipes, you will find that the amount of raw materials to prepare and the amount of spices to add are just vague concepts, such as "a spoon", "bowl", "little bit" and so on, but how much is actually “a spoon, ‘a bowl”and “a little”,there is no specific criteria. Chinese cooking, not only pays attention to the major cuisines having their own flavor and characteristics, but also the same dish of the same cuisine willhave some changes for the different spices used in the match with a variety of different side dishes according to individual hobbies and characteristics. Sometimes, to make the same dish, the same chef will do some adjustments according to different seasons different occasions and the different identities, tastes and requirements of different people. It may even change because of our own emotional Change. It uses different spices to cook a "Mapo tofu" for the guests in Sichuan and Su Zhou. Another example is “Braised F ish”, in winter the dish should be dark in color and the taste should be strong, while in summer it should be light in both color and taste. For people in Jiang Su and Zhe Jiang provinces, braised fish can be seasoned with sugar, but for the Chuanxiang customers, it should be made spicier. From this，we can see that without the randomness changeable Chinese cuisine, we will lose its unique charm. The randomness of the food processing infinitely expands Chinese recipes. A variety of raw materials, cutting techniques, spices and cooking methods make a cross-combination which can make one material into a dozen or dozens of dishes. Xingjian’s "All sheep seats," Guangdong's "all-fish seats and Beijing's "a whole duck" are the best proofs of this. The most commonly used raw material--- chicken, in a Cantones e chef’s hands, will be made into dozens or even hundreds of courses of dishes. This arbitrariness creates a dazzling array of dishes in Chinese cuisine.B Different Cultural Characteristics: ‘Individuality’ and ‘H armony’The master of Taiwan Guoxue Mr. Qian Mu,（金炳镐,1999）, in the preface of "Modern Chinese Academic Lun Heng" writes, “Cultures differences, it is not thesame as the academic. China attaches importance to harmony, while the Western emphasize the difference."Eastern and Western culture differences also affect their own food culture. Chinese and Western food culture clearly reflects this cultural identity of "harmony" and " individuality respectively "（金炳镐,1999）.1.Westerners’ individualityContrast to oriented "flavor" of Chinese food, Western food is a rational concept. The color, smell, taste, shape, and nutrition must be assured that a day’s intake of calories, vitamins and protein and so on should be given attention to. In a word, nutrition comes first. The concept of eating with the West as a whole philosophy is to adapt the system. At a banquet, you might pay attention to food containers, the use of materials, and the colors of the dishes, but no matter how high-end luxurious, the steak from Los Angeles to New York has only one flavor, no art at all. In a main course, there is no mixture of different materials, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, Even if it has been a mixed dish, it is also carried out in the plate For example, in a "French lamb chops," there are mashed potatoes on one side next to Hill lamb chops and green beans being cooked in the other side of the distribution plus a few film Tomato into it. There is a sharp contrast in color, but the tastes of raw materials are separate, with its own flavor. Even if it is a matched dish, it is just like “1+1=2”, very simple and perspicuity. What have been discussed above has manifested this kind of social culture of Westerners' individuality.2.Chinese HarmonyChinese have always been regarding "and" and "harmony" as the most beautiful realm, and this idea of 'harmony' embodied in the cooking is reflected in the "five flavor harmony". That is, cooking food needs to make “five flavor harmony” on the basis of retaining the natural tastes of raw materials, using the basic law of five element theory to guide the reconciliation, which not only accords with the timing, but also with the season in order to cook out delicious dishes.. So, in Chinese food almost every dish needs two or more of the raw materials and a variety of spices to reconcile in the cooking. Even home-style cooking is generally reconciled with meat and vegetables, such as the Jiu Huang Chao Rousi, pineapple Sweet and sour pork, tomatoes, scrambled eggs and ribs winter melon soup. Chinese people regard “to cook dish”as "cooking" which means combine cooking and blending into one for a beautiful taste. Here we put stress on the measurement and the overall co-ordination. It contains a wealth of dialectic thinking of Chinese philosophy. Everything is measured according to the wonderful taste and the coordination. The frequent changes within the degree lead to the richness of Chinese cuisine and its varieties. The key reason why Chinese food has its own unique charm is that it has its wonderful taste. However, the generation of the delicious taste lies in the wonderful reconciliation of the initial taste of food, the cooked flavor after heating, the ingredients and excipies, as well as the sauce flavor of harmonic integration. Therefore, the Chinese cooking is not just as simple as a "1 +1 = 2" thing, but "1 +1" is equal to "3" or more.C.Different Food ObjectsThe Westerners have the traditions of nomadic and seafaring nations, leading their living mainly on fishing and hunting and supplementary on the cultivation they have more meat food and all they need in their daily life are taken from animals and even the refining materials of medicine are also taken from animals. They pay more attention to the intake of animal protein and fat, and their diet structure mostly consists of animal dishes, mainly beef, chicken, pork, mutton and fish. Therefore, meat has a high proportion in the diet. In modern times, the crop farming has been increasing a lot, but the proportion of meat in the diet is still higher than that of Chinese people.According to a survey of Western Botanist, there are more than 600 kinds of vegetables for Chinese people, six times more than in the West. In fact, in Chinese cuisine, the vegetarian is a common food. Meat dish becomes a common diet only in the holidays or in affluent families, so ever since ancient times there is a saying of "vegetarian food" which leads a dominant position in everyday diet. The Chinese make the plant-based dishes to be the main dishes, which has many ramifications with the Buddhists advocacy. They regard animals as "beings," while plants as "no soul", therefore, they advocate vegetarianism. In introducing the characteristics of the Western diet, the Westerners put more emphasis on nutrition than the Chinese. They have relatively well-developed food industries, such as canned food, fast food and so on. Although the taste is monotonous, it can save time, and it is rich in nutrition, so generally the people in their countries can grow stronger than the Chinese people:They have tall height, long legs, wide shoulders and muscular body, while the Chinese have diminutive body, narrow shoulders, short legs and weak constitutions. According to the fact that the Western diet is significantly different in the characteristics of the food objects from the Chinese diet, someone called the Chinese plant character, and the Westerners the animal character.The differences of the diet content between the Chinese and the Western are also reflected in that The Westerners like to eat cold dishes, from the cold dish platter, salad to cold drinks, the table strewn with cold dish. However, the Chinese people like hot food, in addition that a few samples in the front of the main dishes are cold, the main course is hot. In the Chinese view, the hot food getting cold will lose much flavor. In order to get the delicious taste of food we should eat hot food. As the saying goes, “Food when hot has three delicacies.”D.Different Eating HabitsIn the way of having dinner, in China, no matter what the banquet is, people tend to sit around to enjoy the food placed in the middle of the table which are not only the subjects for people at the table to enjoy, but also a medium to share their feelings. At the table, the Chinese people would like to urge somebody to drink and zugreifen with each other, happily. It seems harmonious and joyful. But it is largely different for the Westerners. When they get together to dinner or host a party, they are less enthusiastic than Chinese people, and between the guests and the host the atmosphere is more casual. Westerners pay more attention to the independence of the individual, so theyeat separately. There’s no joy chatting with each other at the table. Chinese food served on the table pays attention to a rich variety of dishes, generally 8 or 10 dishes, 12 plates, with diversity in species, from the cold plate to the main course, to the soup, to dessert, to the fruit, and it also pays attention to the order. The Western banquets are based on cattle, sheep, pork chops and other staple food. The variety is less and people do not pay attention to the serving order. And the differences on the dining tools are much more apparent.As we all know, the Chinese people, including the yellow race of people in some other Asian countries, use chopsticks or spoon to eat with the bowl filled with rice, while the Westerners use plate to serve food, a knife and fork to cut to eat, and special soup spoon to have soup. Detailed analyzing, Chinese chopsticks are the main tableware, supplemented by spoon and various shaped cups, plates, bowls, and plates. Chinese cooking pays attention to the shape, size, and color of utensils coordinated with the dishes, what is so called "Beautiful utensils", and treats the diet as the arts from which to get a kind of beautiful art enjoyment. Mostly Westerners use metal knife and fork, mainly including stainless steel or silver-plated, silver and other tableware, as well as a variety of cups, plates, and cup, dish that carry out different uses and cannot be mixed. But the Western Food does not emphasize the art beauty on the dishes or tableware like what Chinese do. Its type of tableware and shape of dishes are relatively monotonous. In short, the Westerners focus on the content of food, while the Chinese stress the appearance or styles and the feelings or experience from it.In summary, chopsticks and knife and fork, as two kinds of most representative Dining tools of East and West, have a far-reaching effect on the lifestyle of both East and West, representing two different kinds of intelligence.E.Differences Table MannersThe table manners are greatly different between East and West. In ancient China, during the meal there was a set of complicated etiquettes.A quote said in the book of Rites • Qu Kee, (596 AD)，“when all people have a dinner together, you cannot eat only caring about yourself and ignoring others. Before you have a dinner with others, you must check your hands clean. Do not put the extra rice back into the pot, do not possess the food you specifically like, and do not winnow the hot meals. After dinner, guests should get up to pack the tableware to the owner, and at the same time the owner gets up, ask the guests not to work, and then the guests sit down again”.Some of these rituals are also necessary in modern times. In the West banquet, the host helps the guest to food for only once, and then asks them to help themselves. If the guests do not want to eat any more, don’t persuade them to eat any more, which is like the Chinese people's habit of urging somebody to drink and zugreifen frequently. It is not allowed to make a noise while eating the food, but the guests should pay attention to appreciate the meals that the owners prepared (张亚红,2009). If you want to talk with people, you can only talk with the ones beside you but not the distant ones.III.U nderlying CausesThe differences in social development, traditional culture and thought, and life customs create differences between Chinese and Western food culture. There are two major characteristics of Chinese culture. The first one is the pursuit of applicable things without all non-useful things. Historically, all of the practical technologies were very advanced, such as agricultural science and technology and medicine, while the non-practical things can not be well-developed. The second one is that Chinese culture shows unique characteristics of love. The core of Confucian thought “Hell’s Angel" has far-reaching impact on China's traditional culture.However, in the Western culture, In the progress of conquering the nature and fostering a scientific awareness, the West pay special attention to the development of rational thought. Rationality has become typical of Western culture. Rationality means that in the process of the exploration of nature we make sober reflection, analysis and rigorous logic reasoning, and seek to act in line with the objective laws of nature. At the same time in the process of understanding the nature, people continue to understand themselves. Another major feature of Western culture is that they focus on personal dignity., taking the individual as a center. The interests of everyone are clear enough. Everyone has his own living space, without mutual interference.Cultural differences affect the differences in diet. The idea is that whenpeople eat the food production and consume in the process of forming ideas, they are impacted greatly by natural sciences, humanities, especially philosophy.Different philosophical thought and the resulting formation of cultural spirit and ways of thinking will produce a different concept of diet. China's food concept reconciles five flavors; the Western diet idea is prominent personality, which is mainly because of Chinese and Western countries‘philosophical thought and hence arises from the formation cultural spirit and ways of thinking.IV.Significances to the Hotel Catering Departments Based on theStudyThe study of Chinese and Western food culture differences can not only make us better understand the eating characteristics of the Western nations, but also sum up our own diet characteristics in order to get others to make up our own weaknesses and learn from all the scientific and advanced concepts, put aside our culture in the dross, improve and enhance the quality of our diet. At the same time by means of such wrap-up and research, we can carry forward the Chinese nation's fine cultural traditions of food, which has been continuously updated and developed. These are the significances from the macroscopic sense. While in the microscopic sense, the study of the differences between Chinese and the Western food culture is conducive to China's tourist hotels catering to guide the design and development of food products. Based on Chinese and Western food culture differences, tourism and hotel catering departments should note the following points:(1)The design and development of food product should be nutrition-based,paying attention to a reasonable nutrition match. The initial motivation of eating is to sustain human survival and development. Protein, fat and vitamins are the basic materials of life to maintain normal metabolism of people. So, in the design of food products, we should adopt a scientific attitude, reasonably equipping human body with all the necessary nutrients. Whether Western or Chinese food, we must achieve this point, especially in making Western food.(2)We should achieve a perfect combination of the dining environment with thediversification of food products. China’s to urist hotels in the development of food products should pay attention to combine the Chinese and Western food cultures. As far as the restaurant is concerned, there should be Chinese and Western restaurants, style halls, banquet halls, as well as self-service restaurants, which offer a variety of dining establishments. Dishes listed in the menu should also be diverse to meet the different needs of Chinese and foreign guests. Chinese guests rarely have Western food as their main dinner, while Western guests can not always eat Chinese food in China, so star-rated hotels should not only supply Chinese food, but also supply formal Western food.(3)We can develop Chinese food specialty products to attract tourists. Chinesefood culture has a long history and is renowned in the world, with many foreign tourists coming here especially. We not only consolidate and maintain the old products, but also develop new special products, and constantly open。
中西方饮食文化差异
中西方饮食文化差异篇一：中西方饮食文化异同比较中西方饮食我文化异同比较[摘要]: 在悠悠历史长河中，中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学造就了中西方文化的差异，本论文通过主要介绍中西方各自不同的风俗，地理，材料，观念，习惯的差异而造成的中西方不同的饮食文化差异。
餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。
正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。
中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。
中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
[关键词]：饮食文化中国饮食西方饮食差异融合一、中西饮食文化的差异（一）中西方饮食结构的差异中国人的主食以谷类及其制品如面食为主，副食则以蔬菜为主，辅以肉类。
据西方的植物学者的调查，中国人吃的蔬菜有600多种，比西方多六倍。
西方人的主食以肉类、奶类为主。
故有人根据中西方饮食的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。
中国人每天进食的蔬菜比西方人多得多，而西方人虽每天进食大量蛋白质，但肠胃功能却因进食纤维素太少而受到影响，因此消化系统的患病率及患癌率均大大超过中国；中国人喜爱粗粮，而西方人偏爱精白粉等细粮。
而实际上，粗粮所含营养物质要比细粮多；中国人爱吃植物油，而西方人做菜喜用含胆固醇较高的动物油，此外每天还摄入大量黄油。
怪不得美国人心血管发病率特别高：中国城乡居民都喜爱豆浆、豆腐、豆芽等豆制品，而西方人却往往“敬而远之”其中一个最大的差异就是西方人不吃动物内脏，不吃动物头尾与皮，这在中国是难以理解的；而在中国，鸡脚则为鸡身上相当贵重的部位，可以做“泡椒凤爪”；鸭掌可以做“金鱼鸭掌”；用鱼头可以做“砂锅炖鱼头”；用猪肠可以做“九转大肠”；用猪脚可以做“白云猪手”，连猪心上的血管，也可做“烩管廷”。
（二）中西方烹饪方式的差异中国饮食“蒸、煮、焖、炖、煨、烧、爆、烤、煎、炒、烹、炸、拌” 等样样精妙。
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中西方饮食文化差异概述：中西餐桌礼仪的差异，深受中西哲学思想及各种社会因素的影响，使两种文化的距离相差甚远。
在中国，任何一个宴会，不管是什么目的，都会有一种形式。
就是大家团团围坐，共享一席；宴席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌共趣的气势。
美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。
人与人相互敬酒相互让菜劝菜，再美好的事物面前，体现了人与人之间相互尊重争让的美德。
反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革而西方这个主要以面食为主的群体，餐桌礼仪的细节就显得更加繁琐而有条不紊。
他们所用的餐则是分餐制，个人自扫盘中菜，不管他人碗里汤，互不相扰。
西方人喝酒也听凭自愿，白兰地，威士忌，鸡尾酒，喜欢什么喝什么，想喝多少喝多少，所尊重的是个人意志，体现出的饮食思想观念要合理的多。
中西餐桌礼仪差异1、席位安排礼仪(1)中餐餐桌礼仪。
在中餐宴请活动中,往往采用圆桌。
不单是在不同位置摆放的圆桌有尊卑的区别,每张圆桌上的不同座次也有尊卑之分。
由两桌组成的小型宴请通常是两桌横排或两桌竖排的形式。
当两桌横排时,面对正门右边的桌子是主桌;当两桌竖排时,离正门最远的那张桌子是主桌。
由三桌或三桌以上的数桌所组成的宴请除了注意“门面定位”,“以右为尊”,“以远为上”等规则外,还应兼顾其他各桌离主桌的远近。
通常,距离主桌越近,桌次越高;距离主桌越远,桌次越低。
每张餐桌上排列位次的基本方法有以下五点: ①主人大都应面对正门而坐,并在主桌就坐。
主宾和副主宾分别坐在主人的右侧和左侧。
②举行多桌宴请时,每桌都要有一位主桌主人的代表在座。
位置一般和主桌主人同向,有时也可以面向主桌主人。
③各桌次的尊卑,应以与这桌主人的距离远近来定,离主人近的位置比较尊贵。
④与本桌主人的距离相同的位次,则以本桌主人面向为准,主人座位右边的位置比较尊贵。
⑤如果主宾身份高于主人,为表示尊重,可以安排在主人位子上坐,主人则坐在主宾的位置上。
对于少于5人的便餐,位次的排列可以遵循四个原则:右高左低;中坐为尊;面门为上;灵活安排。
2、西餐餐桌礼仪西餐中,一般均使用长桌。
在正式宴会上桌次的高低尊卑以距离主桌的位置远近而定,越靠右的桌次越尊贵,在同一桌上,越靠近主人的位置越尊贵。
在正式宴会上,英国式座位的顺序是:男女主人坐在桌子的两头,客人男女错开坐在桌子两侧,男主宾和女主宾分别坐在女主人和男主人的右边。
如果客人中没有主宾,女主人可把客人中年龄最大的女士安排在男主人右边。
在非正式宴会上,遵循女士优先的原则。
如果是男女二人进餐,男士应请女士坐在自己的右边,还要注意不可让她坐在人来人往的过道边;若只有一个靠墙的位置,应请女士就坐,男士坐在她的对面;如果是两对夫妻就餐,夫人们应坐在靠墙的位置上,先生们则坐在各自夫人的对面;如果两位男士陪同一位女士进餐,女士应坐在两位男士的中间;如果两位同性进餐,靠墙的位置应让给其中的年长者。
此外,男士应当主动为女士移动椅子让女生先坐。
二、餐具的使用礼仪1、中餐餐具的摆放和使用方法(1)筷子。
筷子是中餐最重要的餐具。
在使用当中,用餐前筷子一定要整齐的放在饭碗的右侧,用餐后一定要整齐的竖向放在饭碗的正中。
不论筷子上是否残留着食物,都不要去舔;和人交谈时,要暂时放下筷子;不要把筷子竖直插放在食物上面;不能用筷子剔牙、挠痒或夹取食物以外的东西。
(2)勺子。
勺子主要是用来喝汤的,有时也可以用来取形状比较小的菜。
用勺子取食物时,不要过满,免得溢出来弄脏餐桌或自己的衣服。
用勺子取食物后,要立即食用或放在自己的碟子里,如果取用的食物太烫,可以先放到自己的碗里等凉了再吃,千万不要用嘴去吹,也不要把勺子塞进嘴里,或反复吮吸。
(3)盘子。
盘子主要用来盛食物的,根据所盛食物的多少和形状不同而大小形状各异。
稍微小一点的盘子为食碟,一般放在碗的左边,是用来暂放从公用菜盘里取来享用的菜肴。
用食碟时,一次不要取过多的菜肴,不要把多种菜肴放在一起,以防它们相互串味。
不吃的残渣、骨、刺应放在食盘的前端,放的时候不能直接从嘴里吐在食碟上,要用筷子加放到碟子旁边。
(4)水杯。
水杯主要用来盛放清水、汽水、果汁、可乐等饮料,一般放在碟子的左上方。
不要用它来盛酒,也不要倒扣水杯。
另外,喝进嘴里的东西不能再吐回水杯。
(5)餐巾。
在用餐前,比较讲究的餐厅或主人,会为每位用餐者上一块湿毛巾,它只是用来擦手的,擦手后,由服务员或主人拿走。
有时候,在正式宴会结束前,会上一块湿毛巾,它是用来擦嘴的,不能擦脸、抹汗。
(6)牙签。
剔牙时,应用另一只手掩住口部,剔出来的东西,不要当众欣赏或再次入口,也不要随手乱弹,随口乱吐。
剔牙后,不要长时间的叼着牙签。
2、西餐餐具的摆放和使用方法(1)餐具摆放和取用原则。
餐具摆放时托盘居中,左叉右刀,刀尖向上,刀口向内,盘前横匙,主食靠左,餐具靠右,其余用具酌情摆放。
酒杯的数量与酒的种类相等,摆法是从左到右,依次摆烈性酒杯,葡萄酒杯,香槟酒杯,啤酒杯。
西餐中餐巾放在盘子里,如果在宾客尚未落坐前需要往盘子里放某种事物时,餐巾就放在盘子旁边。
餐具的取用应由外而内,切用时可以使用法式方式,即左手拿叉右手拿刀,边切边用;也可用英美式,即右手拿刀,左手拿叉,切好后再改用右手拿叉取用。
一般用右手拿汤匙和杯子用餐具把食物送到嘴里,而不要把盘碗端起来。
(2)餐具的使用方法。
①刀叉的使用原则:使用刀叉进餐时,刀用来切割食物,叉用来送食物入口。
使用刀时,刀刃不可向外。
而且不可将刀叉的一端放在盘子上,另一端放在桌子上;进餐中需要暂时放下刀叉时,应摆成“八”字型,分别放置餐盘边上,刀刃朝向自己,表示还要继续吃;用餐结束后,将叉子的背面向上,刀刃向内与叉子并拢,平息放置于餐盘上,表示用餐结束。
谈话时有肢体语言或传菜时,应将刀叉放下,不要手拿刀叉在空中挥动。
用完刀叉后,应将其横放于餐盘中央,而不是盘边或餐桌上;放置方式为刀口朝着自己,叉口朝左,以便于取走时的安全性。
②餐匙的使用原则:通常,餐匙可以分为两种,一种是汤匙,个头比较大,被摆放在右侧最外端,与刀并齐摆放;一种是甜品匙,个头比较小,被横摆在吃甜品所用的刀叉正上方。
当用汤匙合调味料时,需右手拿汤匙,左手拿叉。
食物切好后,在盘中上将食物与酱料一同舀起食用;喝完汤之后,应该把汤匙放在餐盘对面的一方。
要注意餐匙绝对不能直接用来舀取任何主食或者菜肴,已经开始使用的餐匙不能放回原处。
③酒杯的使用原则:在西餐中,吃不同的菜需要搭配不同的酒,通常不同的酒杯用来喝不同的酒。
在每位用餐者右边餐刀的上方,会摆着三四只酒水杯。
可一次由外侧向内侧使用,一般香槟酒杯、红葡萄酒杯、白葡萄酒杯以及水杯是不可缺少的。
3、西餐上菜顺序的差异中餐上菜顺序是:先上凉菜、饮料及酒,后上热菜,然后上主食,最后上甜食和水果。
宴会上桌数很多时,各桌的每一道菜应同时上。
上菜顺序依然保持传统,先冷后热。
热菜应从主宾对面席位的左侧上;上单份菜或配菜和小吃先宾后主,上全鸡、全鸭、全鱼等整形菜,不能头尾朝向正主位。
上菜的方式大体上有以下几种:一是把大盘菜端上,由各人自取;二是由侍者托着菜盘逐一给每位分让;三是用小碟盛放,每人一份。
在正式宴席上,菜式的吃法很像放映的幻灯片,每一次一道菜。
西餐上菜程序通常是:面包黄油→凉菜→汤→海鲜→主菜→甜点心→咖啡和水果。
冷菜、汤,同时就着面包吃。
凉菜也叫开胃小菜,作为第一道菜,一般与开胃酒并用。
汤分渍汤和奶油浓汤。
主菜有鱼、猪肉、牛肉、鸡等。
甜食常有冰淇淋、布丁等。
4、用餐过程中应注意的礼仪(1)餐桌上取食的礼仪。
中餐的取食原则:菜品需由主宾先取;取菜时,不要取得太多;邻座的男士可以替女士服务。
敬酒应以年龄大小、职务高低、宾主身份为序,要先给尊者、长者敬酒。
应注意的事项:取菜时不要左顾右盼,在公用的菜盘里挑挑拣拣;多人一桌用餐,取菜应注意相互礼让,依次而行,取用适量;够不着的菜,可以请人帮忙盛取,切忌起身甚至离座去取;进餐时不要打嗝,吃面喝汤时也不要发出“呼噜声”;假如打了喷嚏、肠鸣、咳嗽,应说一声“对不起”之类的话以示歉意。
西餐的取食原则:进餐时尽量不要发出餐刀刮盘子的声音;就餐时尽量少说话,饭后吃甜点时才是聊天时间;喝汤时,用汤勺从里向外舀,不要发出声;吃面包时,先用刀将其切成两半,然后用手撕成块吃;吃意大利面时应用叉子慢慢将面条卷起来送入口中,如果不是条形的面,直接用叉匙舀起来即可;吃水果时不要拿着水果整个去咬,应先用水果刀切成几瓣,再用刀去掉皮、核,用叉子叉着吃。
应注意的事项:不要用自己的餐具为他人夹菜;不要将盘子里的食物全部切好后再用右手拿叉子吃;骨头或者不吃的食物,不能扔在地上或放在台布上,而应当放在盘子的一角。
(2)餐桌上交谈的礼仪。
中餐讲究热闹,喜欢边吃边聊。
交谈时注意几点:讲话要有分寸、有礼节、有教养、有学识。
避隐私、避浅薄、避粗，委婉,礼让对方。
西方餐桌上以静为主,进餐时与左右客人交谈,但应避免高声谈笑。
不要只同几个熟人交谈,左右客人如不认识,可选自我介绍,别人讲话不可搭嘴插话。
5、餐桌上离席的礼仪中餐在宴会结束时,只能由主人来示意宴会结束;在主人和主宾离开座位后,其它宾客才能散席;主人应在门口为宾客送行;客人应向主人致谢;如果中途道别只需和主人打个招呼或向左右宾客点头示意即可。
西餐在宴会结束时,首先将腿上的餐巾拿起,随意叠好,再把餐巾放在餐桌的左侧,然后起身离座。
用餐后,须等男、女主人离席后,其他宾客方可离席。
离席时,应帮助隔座长者或女士拖拉座椅,告别时应向主人致谢,更为慎重时,还可再以电话或谢卡致谢。
结语中西文化历来是世界文化的两大派系。
而饮食文化在其中占有非常重要的地位，餐桌礼仪文化又是构成饮食文化的一个重要角色。
餐桌礼仪文化的差异又离不开饮食对象的差异。
西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉，整块鸡等“硬菜”；而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的。
中国人的食物以植物为主菜，这就与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千丝万缕的联系。
荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构。
而西方国家的饮食特点是：节省时间，且营养好。
所以他们吃饭讲究低声细语，用餐时也很讲究营养的平衡。
中西餐桌礼仪文化的不同是中西民族文化差异的重要组成部分，传统的西方文化是畜牧文化和海洋文化，而中国是农耕文化和陆地文化，两种不同的文化反映出人们生活方式的差异，其中餐桌礼仪文化的差异是具有代表性的一个方面，每一个国家，每一个地区的人民都在饮食中自觉不自觉地透露着自身深刻的文化背景。
如：中国，吃的形式后面蕴藏着一种丰富的心理和文化的意义以及人们对事物的认识和理解，从而获得了更为深刻的社会意义，这一转化成对社会心理的一种调节，有许多学者将中国人的这种特有的“民以食为天”的观念称之为“泛食主义”的文化倾向，中西文化之间的差异造就了中西餐饮文化及餐桌礼仪文化的差异，这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。